Solid hydrogen storage fuel cell forklift system and fault diagnosis method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell forklift system and a fault diagnosis method thereof, a galvanic pile, a solid-state hydrogen storage module, an air supply system, a cooling system and an electrical system, provides a modular hierarchical management and active and passive fault processing method, and comprehensively considers different damages of different fault levels to a fuel cell system. A method of combining an active intervention mode and a passive processing mode is adopted to diagnose and process possible faults of the system. Various problems possibly occurring in the operation process of the whole solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell forklift system are comprehensively considered. And meanwhile, a modular hierarchical management method and an active and passive fault processing method are adopted, so that safe and reliable operation of the fuel cell system can be guaranteed. The service life of the solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell forklift system can be prolonged, the operation reliability of the system is improved, the system failure rate is reduced, and the use waiting time of customers is shortened.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell forklift system and a fault diagnosis method thereof, belonging to the technical field of fuel cells. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen energy and fuel cells are important strategic technologies for upgrading the global energy structure and transforming power. Fuel cells have attracted extensive attention as one of the best ways to apply hydrogen energy. Despite its obvious advantages, it still faces challenges such as durability, environmental adaptability and cost to achieve true commercial application.

[0003] Fuel cell technology, as an efficient and clean energy source, has attracted widespread attention in the field of logistics. In the existing technology, the power battery in the forklift is usually replaced with a fuel cell or used in parallel. Since the solid-state hydrogen storage system has the advantages of high volume density and large mass, it can take into account the role of the forklift fuel cell system gas source and the forklift counterweight at the same time, and is an excellent power source for the forklift system. At the same time, in order to improve the life of the forklift system and the reliability of its operation, reduce the system failure rate, and reduce the waiting time for customers to use it, it is necessary to predict, diagnose and handle its failures.

[0004] The existing solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell forklift systems and their fault diagnosis methods are not comprehensive. Most of them are introduced for the solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system itself. The fault diagnosis methods of the fuel cell itself are mostly based on one or several single indicators for corresponding diagnosis and processing. There is still no systematic processing for the fault diagnosis, prediction, analysis, and processing of the entire fuel cell system, and the functions are relatively simple.

[0005] Therefore, those skilled in the art are in urgent need of improving the existing solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell forklift system and its fault diagnosis method. Summary of the invention

[0006] Purpose: In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell forklift system and a fault diagnosis method thereof, which can prolong the life of the solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell forklift system, improve its operational reliability, reduce the system failure rate, and shorten the waiting time for customers.

[0007] Technical solution: To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0008] On the one hand, a solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell forklift system specifically includes:

[0009] The gas outlet of the solid-state hydrogen storage module is connected to the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack through a pipeline, the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack is connected to the inlet of the gas-water separator, the gas outlet of the gas-water separator is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump, the outlet of the hydrogen circulation pump is connected to the gas outlet of the solid-state hydrogen storage module, and the water outlet of the gas-water separator is connected to the tail exhaust pipeline through an exhaust and drain valve.

[0010] The air outlet of the blower is connected to the air inlet of the humidifier, the air outlet of the humidifier is connected to the air inlet of the three-way valve for entering the stack, the air outlet of the three-way valve for entering the stack is connected to the cathode inlet of the stack, the cathode outlet of the stack is connected to the wet gas inlet of the humidifier through the outlet throttle, and the wet gas outlet of the humidifier is connected to the tail exhaust pipeline. The bypass port of the three-way valve for entering the stack is connected to the tail exhaust pipeline.

[0011] The coolant inlet of the battery stack is connected to the outlet of the water pump, the inlet of the water pump is respectively connected to the water outlet of the water tank, the bypass end of the thermostat and the water outlet end of the radiator, the water outlet end of the radiator is connected to the water outlet of the thermostat, and the water inlet of the thermostat is connected to the coolant outlet of the battery stack.

[0012] As a preferred solution, a first pressure sensor is provided on the pipeline of the gas outlet of the solid-state hydrogen storage module, which is used to measure the pressure of hydrogen entering the stack. A second pressure sensor and a first temperature sensor are provided on the pipeline of the cathode inlet of the stack, wherein the second pressure sensor is used to measure the pressure of air entering the stack, and the first temperature sensor is used to measure the temperature of air entering the stack. A second temperature sensor is provided on the pipeline of the coolant inlet of the stack, and a third temperature sensor is provided on the pipeline of the coolant outlet of the stack, wherein the second temperature sensor is used to measure the coolant inlet temperature, and the third temperature sensor is used to measure the coolant outlet temperature.

[0013] As a preferred solution, an air filter is further included, the air outlet of the air filter is connected to the air inlet of the blower, and an air flow meter is arranged on the pipeline of the air outlet of the air filter.

[0014] As a preferred solution, a muffler is also included, and a muffler is arranged at the end of the tail exhaust pipe.

[0015] As a preferred solution, a filter is also included, and a filter is also provided at the water outlet end of the radiator.

[0016] As a preferred solution, it also includes an environmental temperature and pressure integrated sensor, which is used to measure the temperature and pressure of the operating environment.

[0017] On the one hand, a fault diagnosis method for a solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell forklift system specifically includes:

[0018] The operating status of the current forklift system, the operating conditions and the operating status of the components are obtained during the operation of the fuel cell, and whether the current forklift system has a fault is determined based on the operating status of the current forklift system, the operating conditions and the operating status of the components.

[0019] When a fault is detected, the forklift system fault is obtained, and it is determined whether the fault belongs to the current fault list or the historical fault list, and processed according to different judgment results.

[0020] Read the current fault list information, summarize the previous faults according to different fault types, and classify different fault types.

[0021] Depending on the current forklift system fault level, choose between active intervention or passive shutdown.

[0022] As a preferred solution, the current operating state of the forklift system includes, but is not limited to, standby, automatic operation, and shutdown and purge. The operating conditions and operating states of components include, but are not limited to, hydrogen pressure, water temperature, air flow, cell stack voltage, and water pump communication state.

[0023] As a preferred solution, when a fault is detected, the fault of the forklift system is obtained, and it is determined whether the fault belongs to the current fault list or the historical fault list, and processing is performed according to different judgment results, specifically including:

[0024] When a fault is detected, the fault of the forklift system is acquired.

[0025] When the fault is in the historical fault list, the fault is kept in the historical fault list, and then the historical fault list is stored and reported.

[0026] When the fault is in the current fault list, if the fault is a level 1 fault, it is kept in the current fault list; if the fault is a level 2 or 3 fault, it is kept in the current fault list and then eliminated after t time, and then stored and reported in the current fault list.

[0027] As a preferred solution, the fault types include, but are not limited to, four dimensions: hydrogen, air, cooling system, and electrical system. The level division includes, but is not limited to, level one, level two, and level three faults, wherein level one faults are the most serious and level three faults are the lightest.

[0028] As a preferred solution, the two processing measures of active intervention or passive shutdown are selected according to the current forklift system fault level, specifically including:

[0029] When the current forklift system fault level is a level one fault, the fuel cell system takes emergency shutdown measures.

[0030] When the current forklift system fault level is a level 2 fault, the fuel cell system takes measures to shut down for inspection, and the forklift system enters a normal shutdown process. After the forklift system is shut down for inspection, the fuel cell system is restarted.

[0031] When the current forklift system fault level is level three, the fuel cell system continues to work normally, and the fault will be checked and processed when the fuel cell system is shut down next time.

[0032] The prediction algorithm can be used to predict possible failures in the fuel cell system and adjust the operating conditions of the fuel cell in advance.

[0033] Beneficial effects: The present invention provides a solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell forklift system and a fault diagnosis method thereof. A modular hierarchical management and active and passive fault handling method are proposed based on the solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell forklift system. The different hazards of different fault levels to the fuel cell system are comprehensively considered. A method combining active intervention and passive processing is used to diagnose and handle possible faults in the system, which greatly improves the system life of the solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell, improves the safety and reliability of the system operation, reduces the system failure rate, and reduces the customer's downtime waiting time.

[0034] The present invention comprehensively considers various problems that may occur during the operation of the entire solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell forklift system, and adopts a modular hierarchical management method and an active and passive fault handling method to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the fuel cell system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell forklift system of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 2 It is a schematic flow chart of the fault diagnosis method of the solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell forklift system of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The following is a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the examples of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the examples of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0038] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0039] Embodiment 1:

[0040] This embodiment introduces a solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell forklift system. Figure 1As shown, it includes: a fuel cell stack, a solid-state hydrogen storage module, an air supply system, a cooling system, and an electrical system.

[0041] The solid-state hydrogen storage module replaces the traditional hydrogen tank to provide hydrogen to the fuel cell system; the pressure sensor is used to monitor the hydrogen pressure entering the stack to determine whether it meets the requirements of the fuel cell system; the hydrogen circulation pump is used to provide circulation power for the hydrogen; the exhaust and drain valve is used to discharge the exhaust gas and moisture in the anode gas circulation process out of the system.

[0042] The air supply module provides air under certain flow and pressure conditions to the fuel cell stack, including an integrated temperature and pressure sensor for detecting the temperature and pressure of the fuel cell operating environment; an air filter and an air flow meter for filtering impurities in the air and measuring the flow of air entering the stack; a blower provides power for the air; a humidifier controls the relative humidity of the air entering the stack; a three-way valve for adjusting the flow of air entering the stack and the bypass; an air inlet temperature and pressure sensor for measuring the pressure and temperature of the air entering the stack to determine whether it meets the requirements of the fuel cell stack; an outlet throttle for adjusting the air system pressure and sealing the fuel cell stack when the system is shut down; and a tail gas silencer for exhaust gas treatment.

[0043] The cooling system is used to control the operating temperature of the fuel cell system and provide the solid-state hydrogen storage module with the heat source required for hydrogen release.

[0044] The electrical system is the low-voltage control part and high-voltage output part of the system, and is the external power output module of the fuel cell. The solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell forklift system can provide power for the forklift, while taking into account the function of forklift counterweight. The forklift system based on the solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system architecture can further improve the life and reliability of the forklift system.

[0045] Among them, one embodiment is a solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell forklift system, the specific structure includes:

[0046] The gas outlet of the solid-state hydrogen storage module is connected to the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack through a pipeline, the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack is connected to the inlet of the gas-water separator, the gas outlet of the gas-water separator is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump, the outlet of the hydrogen circulation pump is connected to the gas outlet of the solid-state hydrogen storage module, and the water outlet of the gas-water separator is connected to the tail exhaust pipeline through an exhaust and drain valve.

[0047] The air outlet of the blower is connected to the air inlet of the humidifier, the air outlet of the humidifier is connected to the air inlet of the three-way valve for entering the stack, the air outlet of the three-way valve for entering the stack is connected to the cathode inlet of the stack, the cathode outlet of the stack is connected to the wet gas inlet of the humidifier through the outlet throttle, and the wet gas outlet of the humidifier is connected to the tail exhaust pipeline. The bypass port of the three-way valve for entering the stack is connected to the tail exhaust pipeline.

[0048] The coolant inlet of the battery stack is connected to the outlet of the water pump, the inlet of the water pump is respectively connected to the water outlet of the water tank, the bypass end of the thermostat and the water outlet end of the radiator, the water outlet end of the radiator is connected to the water outlet of the thermostat, and the water inlet of the thermostat is connected to the coolant outlet of the battery stack.

[0049] Furthermore, a first pressure sensor is provided on the pipeline of the gas outlet of the solid-state hydrogen storage module for measuring the pressure of hydrogen entering the stack. A second pressure sensor and a first temperature sensor are provided on the pipeline of the cathode inlet of the stack, the second pressure sensor is used to measure the pressure of air entering the stack, and the first temperature sensor is used to measure the temperature of air entering the stack. A second temperature sensor is provided on the pipeline of the coolant inlet of the stack, and a third temperature sensor is provided on the pipeline of the coolant outlet of the stack, the second temperature sensor is used to measure the coolant inlet temperature, and the third temperature sensor is used to measure the coolant outlet temperature.

[0050] Furthermore, it also includes an air filter, the air outlet of the air filter is connected to the air inlet of the blower, and an air flow meter is arranged on the pipeline of the air outlet of the air filter.

[0051] Furthermore, it also includes a muffler, and the end of the tail exhaust pipe is provided with a muffler.

[0052] Furthermore, a filter is also included, and a filter is also provided at the water outlet of the radiator.

[0053] Furthermore, it also includes an environmental temperature and pressure integrated sensor, which is used to measure the temperature and pressure of the operating environment.

[0054] Embodiment 2:

[0055] This embodiment introduces a fault diagnosis method for a solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell forklift system. Figure 2 As shown, it includes: fault detection, fault analysis and reporting, fault classification, and fault handling.

[0056] During the operation of the fuel cell, various operating conditions and the operating status of components are collected. Based on the current operating status of the forklift system, such as standby, automatic operation, shutdown and purge, the operating conditions and component status of the forklift system are judged to determine whether there is a fault in the current forklift system, such as too high or too low hydrogen pressure, too high water temperature entering the stack, too large air flow deviation, too low voltage of the fuel cell stack, abnormal water pump communication, and a series of fault detection items.

[0057] In order to improve the safety and reliability of system operation, the fault detection items here cover all possible problems as much as possible. At the same time, since the impact of the same fault detection item in different operation stages of the fuel cell may vary, the fault detection system incorporates different system operation states into the fault judgment indicators to avoid frequent false fault alarms.

[0058] After the fault detection is completed, the fault list of the forklift system is read, and different retention, reporting and storage measures are taken for the current fault list and the historical fault list. The historical fault list is kept all the time so that faults that occur during the operation of the fuel cell system can be queried at any time. The current fault list is processed according to the level of the fault. As long as the first-level fault occurs, it will be kept in the current fault list; the second and third-level faults in the current fault list have less impact on the system and may be eliminated automatically, so the second and third-level faults in the current fault list are kept for 1 second and then eliminated. Subsequently, the historical faults and current faults are stored and reported for subsequent calls and processing by different fuel cell systems.

[0059] After the fuel cell system completes the fault analysis and reporting, it reads the current fault list information and summarizes the previous faults according to the different fault types. When the forklift system starts to run and reads the current fault list, the forklift system classifies and summarizes the current fault list according to the four dimensions of hydrogen, air, cooling system, and electrical system. At the same time, different types of faults are divided into level one, level two, and level three faults according to the harm they cause to the forklift system, among which level one faults are the most serious and level three faults are the lightest.

[0060] A series of faults that may cause safety hazards to system operation or affect the life of the fuel cell, such as low fuel cell cell voltage, low fuel cell system output voltage, and high-voltage power supply failure, are classified as level 1 faults. Faults that have a smaller impact on system operation, such as loss of communication with the ambient temperature and pressure sensor and unreasonable air mass flow meter signals, are classified as level 3 faults.

[0061] According to the current forklift system fault level, the corresponding processing method is executed. At the same time, the fault processing methods adopt two processing measures: active intervention and passive shutdown.

[0062] Among them, the passive shutdown measures for the first-level fault, the fuel cell system takes emergency shutdown measures to avoid causing greater harm. For the second-level fault, the fuel cell system takes the measure of shutdown inspection, the forklift system enters the normal shutdown process, and the fuel cell system is restarted after the forklift system is shut down and checked. For the third-level fault, since the impact on the system is small, the fuel cell system can continue to work normally, and the fault will be checked and processed when the fuel cell system is shut down next time.

[0063] Active intervention measures are used to predict possible faults in the fuel cell system, such as flooding, membrane drying, etc., through predictive algorithms, so as to adjust the operating conditions of the fuel cell in advance.

[0064] For example, when a possible flooding fault is detected in the system, the fault handling module avoids the flooding fault by increasing the fuel cell air stoichiometric ratio and speeding up the drainage frequency of the fuel cell system. When a possible membrane dry fault is detected in the system, the fault handling module avoids the flooding fault by reducing the air stoichiometric ratio, increasing the speed of the hydrogen circulation pump, and slowing down the drainage frequency of the system.

[0065] Through the above-mentioned modular hierarchical management fault diagnosis method and active and passive fault handling methods, the life and reliability of the fuel cell system can be effectively improved and the failure rate of the system can be reduced.

[0066] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell forklift system, characterized in that: Specifically include: The gas outlet of the solid-state hydrogen storage module is connected to the anode inlet of the stack through a pipeline, the anode outlet of the stack is connected to the inlet of the gas-water separator, the gas outlet of the gas-water separator is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump, the outlet of the hydrogen circulation pump is connected to the gas outlet of the solid-state hydrogen storage module, and the water outlet of the gas-water separator is connected to the tail discharge pipeline through the exhaust and water discharge valve; The air outlet of the blower is connected to the air inlet of the humidifier, the air outlet of the humidifier is connected to the air inlet of the three-way valve entering the stack, the air outlet of the three-way valve entering the stack is connected to the cathode inlet of the stack, the cathode outlet of the stack is connected to the wet gas inlet of the humidifier through the outlet throttle, and the wet gas outlet of the humidifier is connected to the tail exhaust pipeline; the bypass port of the three-way valve entering the stack is connected to the tail exhaust pipeline; The coolant inlet of the battery stack is connected to the outlet of the water pump, the inlet of the water pump is respectively connected to the water outlet of the water tank, the bypass end of the thermostat and the water outlet end of the radiator, the water outlet end of the radiator is connected to the water outlet of the thermostat, and the water inlet of the thermostat is connected to the coolant outlet of the battery stack.

2. A solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell forklift system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first pressure sensor is arranged on the pipeline of the gas outlet of the solid-state hydrogen storage module, which is used to measure the pressure of hydrogen entering the stack; a second pressure sensor and a first temperature sensor are arranged on the pipeline of the cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack, the second pressure sensor is used to measure the pressure of air entering the stack, and the first temperature sensor is used to measure the temperature of air entering the stack; a second temperature sensor is arranged on the pipeline of the coolant inlet of the fuel cell stack, and a third temperature sensor is arranged on the pipeline of the coolant outlet of the fuel cell stack, the second temperature sensor is used to measure the coolant inlet temperature, and the third temperature sensor is used to measure the coolant outlet temperature; and an environmental temperature and pressure integrated sensor is also included, and the environmental temperature and pressure integrated sensor is used to measure the temperature and pressure of the operating environment.

3. A solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell forklift system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an air filter, the air outlet of the air filter is connected to the air inlet of the blower, and an air flow meter is arranged on the pipeline of the air outlet of the air filter.

4. A solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell forklift system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a muffler, and the end of the tail exhaust pipe is provided with a muffler.

5. A solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell forklift system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a filter, and the water outlet end of the radiator is also provided with a filter.

6. A fault diagnosis method for a solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell forklift system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: Specifically include: Obtaining the operating status of the current forklift system, the operating conditions and the operating status of the components during the operation of the fuel cell, and determining whether the current forklift system has a fault according to the operating status of the current forklift system, the operating conditions and the operating status of the components; When a fault is detected, the forklift system fault is obtained, and it is determined whether the fault belongs to the current fault list or the historical fault list, and processed according to different judgment results; Read the current fault list information, summarize the previous faults according to different fault types, and classify different fault types; Depending on the current forklift system fault level, choose between active intervention or passive shutdown.

7. The fault diagnosis method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The current operating status of the forklift system includes, but is not limited to, standby, automatic operation and shutdown purge; the operating conditions and operating status of components include, but are not limited to, hydrogen pressure, inlet water temperature, air flow, fuel cell stack cell voltage and water pump communication status.

8. The fault diagnosis method according to claim 6, characterized in that: When a fault is detected, the fault of the forklift system is obtained, and it is determined whether the fault belongs to the current fault list or the historical fault list, and processing is performed according to different judgment results, specifically including: When a fault is detected, obtain the fault of the forklift system; When the fault is in the historical fault list, the fault is kept in the historical fault list, and then the historical fault list is stored and reported; When the fault is in the current fault list, if the fault is a level 1 fault, it is kept in the current fault list; if the fault is a level 2 or 3 fault, it is kept in the current fault list and then eliminated after t time, and then stored and reported in the current fault list.

9. The fault diagnosis method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The types of faults include, but are not limited to, four dimensions: hydrogen, air, cooling system, and electrical system; the level classification includes, but is not limited to, level one, level two, and level three faults, among which level one faults are the most serious and level three faults are the lightest.

10. The fault diagnosis method according to claim 6, characterized in that: According to the current forklift system fault level, two processing measures are selected, namely active intervention or passive shutdown, which specifically include: When the current forklift system fault level is level one, the fuel cell system takes emergency shutdown measures; When the current forklift system fault level is a secondary fault, the fuel cell system takes the measure of shutting down for inspection, and the forklift system enters the normal shutdown process. After the forklift system is shut down for inspection, the fuel cell system is restarted; When the current forklift system fault level is level 3, the fuel cell system continues to work normally, and the fault will be checked and processed when the fuel cell system is shut down next time; The prediction algorithm can be used to predict possible failures in the fuel cell system and adjust the operating conditions of the fuel cell in advance.

Images