Cover plate structure and battery
By introducing elastic parts into the lithium-ion battery cover structure, it abuts between the electrode group and the cover plate, the problem of the electrode group blocking the explosion-proof valve when the battery is thermally out of control is solved, and the safety performance of the battery and the thermal runaway test pass rate are improved. .
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202420013297.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-01-02
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-17
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-01-02
AI Technical Summary
When lithium-ion batteries are thermally out of control, the electrode group blocks the explosion-proof valve and fails to relieve pressure in time, causing fire and explosion.
A cover plate structure is designed, including a cover plate, an end plate and an elastic member. The elastic member is arranged in the receiving groove to abut between the pole group and the cover plate when the battery is thermally out of control, and keep the passage of the explosion-proof valve unobstructed. , and ensure its stability and insulation at high temperatures through metal materials and insulating layers.
Effectively prevent the electrode assembly from blocking the explosion-proof valve, delaying the rise of battery temperature, improving safety performance, increasing the pass rate of thermal runaway test, and reducing impact risk through the buffering effect of the elastic parts.
Smart Images
Figure CN222190953U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of batteries, and in particular to a cover plate structure and a battery. Background Art
[0002] Lithium-ion batteries have the characteristics of high energy density, low self-discharge, no memory effect, wide operating range, fast charging and discharging, long service life, and no environmental pollution. They are currently widely used in energy storage systems such as hydraulic, thermal, and wind power, as well as in power, aerospace and other fields.
[0003] Lithium-ion batteries generally include a shell, a pole group and a cover structure. The cover structure is connected to the opening of the shell and is provided with an explosion-proof valve. The pole group is arranged inside the shell, and an insulating protection structure is also provided inside the shell to insulate the pole group. The insulating protection structure can well protect the pole group during the battery manufacturing process and normal use to avoid abnormal overlap and short circuit inside the battery.
[0004] However, since the insulating protection structure is made of plastic material, when the battery experiences thermal runaway, the internal temperature can reach over 600°C in a short period of time, and the insulating protection structure made of plastic material inside the shell will quickly melt and fail. At this time, there is only the electrode group inside the shell. Under the action of the internal high-temperature and high-pressure gas, the electrode group loses balance. Since the pressure at the explosion-proof valve of the cover structure is relatively low, the electrode group is more likely to move in the direction of the explosion-proof valve, thereby blocking the explosion-proof valve, causing the battery to catch fire and explode due to failure to release pressure in time. Summary of the invention
[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a cover plate structure and a battery to solve the problem that when the battery is thermally runaway, the pole group blocks the explosion-proof valve, causing the battery to catch fire or explode due to failure to release pressure in time.
[0006] In the first aspect, the present invention provides a cover plate structure, comprising a cover plate, an end plate and an elastic member; the cover plate is suitable for being connected to the opening of the battery shell, and the cover plate is provided with an explosion-proof valve; the end plate is connected to the cover plate, and is suitable for being arranged inside the shell, and is located between the cover plate and the pole group inside the shell; a receiving groove is provided on the end plate, and the notch of the receiving groove faces the cover plate; the elastic member is arranged in the receiving groove, and is suitable for abutting between the pole group and the cover plate when the battery thermally runs away.
[0007] Beneficial effects: The elastic member is arranged between the cover plate and the end plate. When the battery is in thermal runaway and the insulating protection structure such as the end plate melts, the elastic member abuts between the pole group and the cover plate, effectively preventing the pole group from moving in the direction of the explosion-proof valve, and preventing the pole group from blocking the explosion-proof valve, so that the cover plate and the pole group always form an exhaust channel connected to the explosion-proof valve, so that the explosion-proof valve has a good exhaust and heat dissipation effect, effectively delays the speed of the battery heating up due to thermal runaway, reduces the peak temperature, alleviates the adverse consequences of battery thermal runaway, greatly improves the safety performance of the battery, and also greatly improves the pass rate of the battery thermal runaway test. And because the elastic member has a certain elasticity, it can also buffer the movement of the pole group to avoid the risk of impact and rupture caused by high-speed movement.
[0008] In an optional implementation, the elastic member is made of a metal material, and an insulating layer is provided on the surface of the elastic member.
[0009] Beneficial effects: The elastic member is made of metal material with a high melting point and is not easily melted by high temperature. The surface of the elastic member is provided with an insulating layer, which can ensure the insulation properties of the elastic member and avoid short circuit.
[0010] In an optional embodiment, the elastic member is a spring.
[0011] Beneficial effect: The elastic member is a spring, which can abut between the electrode group and the cover plate when the battery is thermally runaway to prevent the explosion-proof valve from being blocked, and due to the shape of the spring, the exhaust space is larger.
[0012] In an optional embodiment, the axial direction of the spring is consistent with the groove depth direction of the accommodating groove; a clamping piece is provided on the groove bottom of the accommodating groove, and one end of the spring in the axial direction is clamped with the clamping piece.
[0013] Beneficial effects: The clamping piece can detachably fix the spring to the bottom of the receiving groove, preventing the spring from falling out of the receiving groove, and also preventing the spring from shaking or moving and being damaged or damaging other structures.
[0014] In an optional embodiment, at least one end of the spring is connected to an abutment plate.
[0015] Beneficial effect: The setting of the abutment plate can increase the contact area of the end of the spring away from the bottom of the accommodating groove, thereby preventing the sharp end of the spring from scratching structures such as the cover plate or the explosion-proof valve.
[0016] In an optional embodiment, the spring is a cylindrical spring.
[0017] In an optional embodiment, the spring is a conical spring.
[0018] In an optional embodiment, the axial direction of the spring is perpendicular to the groove depth direction of the accommodating groove; positioning protrusions are provided on two opposite groove walls of the accommodating groove, and the two positioning protrusions are respectively detachably plugged into the two ends of the spring.
[0019] Beneficial effects: The provision of two positioning protrusions can position and fix the spring, preventing the spring from falling out of the receiving groove, or preventing the spring from moving or shaking in the receiving groove and being damaged or damaging other structures.
[0020] In an optional embodiment, a lower insulating member is further included, which is arranged between the cover plate and the end plate, and the elastic member is arranged between the accommodating groove and the lower insulating member.
[0021] Beneficial effect: The lower insulating member can not only play the role of insulation, but also cooperate with the end plate to limit the position of the elastic member, prevent the elastic member from approaching the cover plate, and avoid the elastic member from damaging the explosion-proof valve.
[0022] In an optional embodiment, a through hole is provided on the bottom of the accommodating groove.
[0023] Beneficial effect: A through hole is provided on the bottom of the containing groove to maintain the fluidity of the gas at the end plate.
[0024] In an optional embodiment, the containing groove is arranged at a position close to the explosion-proof valve.
[0025] Beneficial effect: The receiving groove is arranged near the explosion-proof valve, and the elastic member can be placed close to the explosion-proof valve, which can prevent damage to the elastic member under normal circumstances and support a larger flow space near the explosion-proof valve in the event of thermal runaway.
[0026] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a battery, comprising a shell, a pole group and the above-mentioned cover plate structure, wherein the pole group is arranged in the shell, and the cover plate structure is connected to the opening of the shell. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.
[0028] Figure 1 It is an exploded schematic diagram of the installation of a cover plate structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0029] Figure 2 It is a partial installation explosion diagram of a cover plate structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0030] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A is a partial enlarged schematic diagram;
[0031] Figure 4 A partial top view of a cover plate structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0032] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of
[0033] Figure 6 for Figure 4 Another cross-sectional view of
[0034] Figure 7 A top view of a cover plate structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0035] Figure 8 for Figure 7 A cross-sectional view of
[0036] Fig. 9 Another partial top view of a cover plate structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0037] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of an elastic member of a cover plate structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0038] Fig.11 A schematic diagram of another cover plate structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0039] Fig.12 FIG. 4 is another schematic diagram of another cover plate structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0040] Description of reference numerals:
[0041] 1. Cover plate; 11. Explosion-proof valve; 2. End plate; 21. Accommodating groove; 22. Snap-fitting piece; 23. Through hole; 3. Elastic piece; 4. Abutment plate; 5. Lower insulating piece; 6. Pole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0042] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0043] Combine the following Figures 1 to 12 , describing an embodiment of the present invention.
[0044] According to an embodiment of the present invention, on the one hand, a cover plate structure is provided, including a cover plate 1, an end plate 2 and an elastic member 3; the cover plate 1 is suitable for being connected to the opening of the battery shell, and an explosion-proof valve 11 is provided on the cover plate 1; the end plate 2 is connected to the cover plate 1, and is suitable for being arranged inside the shell, and is located between the cover plate 1 and the pole group inside the shell; a receiving groove 21 is provided on the end plate 2, and the notch of the receiving groove 21 faces the cover plate 1; the elastic member 3 is arranged in the receiving groove 21, and is suitable for abutting between the pole group and the cover plate 1 when the battery thermally runs away.
[0045] The elastic member 3 is arranged between the cover plate 1 and the end plate 2. When the battery is in thermal runaway and the insulating protection structure such as the end plate 2 melts, the elastic member 3 abuts between the pole group and the cover plate 1, effectively preventing the pole group from moving in the direction of the explosion-proof valve 11, and preventing the pole group from blocking the explosion-proof valve 11, so that the cover plate 1 and the pole group always form an exhaust channel connected to the explosion-proof valve 11, so that the explosion-proof valve 11 has a good exhaust and heat dissipation effect, effectively delaying the speed of the battery heating up due to thermal runaway, reducing the peak temperature, alleviating the adverse consequences of the battery thermal runaway, greatly improving the safety performance of the battery, and also greatly improving the pass rate of the battery thermal runaway test. And because the elastic member 3 has a certain elasticity, it can also buffer the movement of the pole group to avoid the risk of impact rupture caused by high-speed movement. Furthermore, the elastic member 3 is arranged in the receiving groove 21, and the receiving groove 21 is arranged on the end plate 2, which not only enhances the strength of the end plate 2 itself, but also hides the elastic member 3, avoiding the increase of the cover plate structure due to the space occupied by the elastic member 3.
[0046] In one embodiment, the elastic member 3 is made of metal material, and an insulating layer is provided on the surface of the elastic member 3 .
[0047] The elastic member 3 is made of a metal material with a high melting point and is not easily melted by high temperature. An insulating layer is provided on the surface of the elastic member 3 to ensure the insulating property of the elastic member 3 and avoid short circuit.
[0048] Specifically, the insulating layer may be sprayed on the surface of the elastic member 3 , or the insulating layer may be adhered to the surface of the elastic member 3 .
[0049] In one embodiment, the elastic member 3 is a spring, preferably an aluminum spring.
[0050] The elastic member 3 is a spring, which can abut between the electrode group and the cover plate 1 when the battery is thermally runaway to prevent the explosion-proof valve 11 from being blocked, and the shape of the spring can also lead to a larger exhaust space.
[0051] As a changeable implementation, the elastic member 3 may also be a metal elastic mesh, and an insulating layer is provided on the surface of the metal elastic mesh.
[0052] Specifically, there may be one elastic member 3 or more elastic members 3 , and the multiple elastic members 3 may be disposed in one accommodating groove 21 or respectively disposed in multiple accommodating grooves 21 .
[0053] In one embodiment, Figures 1 to 9 , the axial direction of the spring is consistent with the groove depth direction of the receiving groove 21. The spring can have a good supporting and blocking effect, and can also have good elasticity in the groove depth direction. Specifically, the groove depth direction is the depth direction of the receiving groove 21, and can also be understood as a direction perpendicular to the plane where the notch of the receiving groove 21 is located.
[0054] In one embodiment, a clamping piece 22 is provided on the bottom of the receiving groove 21 , and one end of the spring in the axial direction is clamped with the clamping piece 22 .
[0055] The clamping member 22 can detachably fix the spring to the bottom of the receiving groove 21 to prevent the spring from escaping from the receiving groove 21 and to prevent the spring from shaking or moving and being damaged or damaging other structures.
[0056] Specifically, the clamping member 22 includes a first clamping member and a second clamping member, the first clamping member and the second clamping member are arranged opposite to each other and spaced apart, a clamping space is formed between the first clamping member and the second clamping member, and the spring can be clamped in the clamping space between the first clamping member and the second clamping member, and a guide portion is further provided on the top of the first clamping member and the second clamping member to guide the spring into the clamping space. The clamping member 22 may have a plurality of clamping members, which are spaced apart and distributed around the circumference of the spring. Alternatively, the clamping member 22 has a plurality of third clamping members, which are spaced apart and distributed around the circumference of the spring, and the hook portion of each third clamping member faces the circumferential center position of the spring.
[0057] In one embodiment, the end of the spring away from the bottom of the receiving groove 21 is connected to the abutment plate 4. The setting of the abutment plate 4 can increase the contact area of the end of the spring away from the bottom of the receiving groove 21, and prevent the sharp end of the spring from scratching the cover plate 1 or the explosion-proof valve 11 and other structures.
[0058] In another embodiment, an abutment plate 4 is connected to one end of the spring near the bottom of the receiving groove 21. The setting of the abutment plate 4 can increase the contact area between the spring and the bottom of the receiving groove 21 to prevent the sharp end of the spring from scratching the receiving groove 21.
[0059] In another embodiment, both ends of the spring are connected with abutment plates 4 .
[0060] In one embodiment, the spring is a cylindrical spring.
[0061] In one embodiment, Fig.10 As shown, the spring is a conical spring.
[0062] In one embodiment, Figure 11 to Figure 12As shown, the axial direction of the spring is perpendicular to the groove depth direction of the accommodating groove 21. The spring can have good supporting and blocking effects, and can have good elasticity in the direction perpendicular to the groove depth, and also maintain a certain elasticity in the groove depth direction.
[0063] In one embodiment, two opposite groove walls of the accommodating groove 21 are provided with positioning protrusions, and the two positioning protrusions are detachably plugged into the two ends of the spring respectively.
[0064] The two positioning protrusions can position and fix the spring to prevent the spring from escaping from the receiving groove 21, or to prevent the spring from moving or shaking in the receiving groove 21 and being damaged or damaging other structures.
[0065] Specifically, the positioning protrusion is a positioning column.
[0066] As a changeable implementation, a positioning protrusion may be provided on one groove wall of the receiving groove 21, one end of the spring is plugged into the positioning protrusion, and the other end abuts against the other groove wall opposite thereto. The receiving groove 21 is a rectangular groove.
[0067] In one embodiment, a lower insulating member 5 is further included, which is disposed between the cover plate 1 and the end plate 2 , and the elastic member 3 is disposed between the receiving groove 21 and the lower insulating member 5 .
[0068] The lower insulating member 5 can not only play an insulating role, but also cooperate with the end plate 2 to limit the position of the elastic member 3 to prevent the elastic member 3 from approaching the cover plate 1 and avoiding the elastic member 3 from damaging the explosion-proof valve 11 .
[0069] In one embodiment, a through hole 23 is provided on the bottom of the receiving groove 21 .
[0070] A through hole 23 is provided on the bottom of the containing groove 21 to maintain the fluidity of the gas at the end plate 2 .
[0071] Specifically, the through hole 23 may be a circular hole or a bar-shaped hole, and there may be a plurality of through holes 23 .
[0072] In one embodiment, the receiving groove 21 is disposed at a position close to the explosion-proof valve 11 .
[0073] The receiving groove 21 is arranged near the explosion-proof valve 11, and the elastic member 3 can be placed close to the explosion-proof valve 11, which can prevent the elastic member 3 from being damaged under normal circumstances, and can also support a larger flow space near the explosion-proof valve 11 in case of thermal runaway.
[0074] According to an embodiment of the present invention, on the other hand, a battery is provided, comprising a housing, a pole group and the above-mentioned cover plate structure, wherein the pole group is arranged in the housing, and the cover plate structure is connected to the opening of the housing. The battery further comprises a lower insulating member 5, which is arranged between the cover plate 1 and the end plate 2, and the elastic member 3 is arranged between the receiving groove 21 and the lower insulating member 5. A pole 6 is also arranged on the cover plate 1 of the cover plate structure, and the pole 6 is connected to the pole group. The cover plate 1 can be a plain aluminum plate.
[0075] The elastic member 3 is arranged between the cover plate 1 and the end plate 2. When the battery is in thermal runaway and the insulating protection structure such as the end plate 2 melts, the elastic member 3 abuts between the pole group and the cover plate 1, effectively preventing the pole group from moving in the direction of the explosion-proof valve 11, and preventing the pole group from blocking the explosion-proof valve 11, so that the cover plate 1 and the pole group always form an exhaust channel connected to the explosion-proof valve 11, so that the explosion-proof valve 11 has a good exhaust and heat dissipation effect, effectively delaying the speed of the battery heating up due to thermal runaway, reducing the peak temperature, alleviating the adverse consequences of the battery thermal runaway, greatly improving the safety performance of the battery, and also greatly improving the pass rate of the battery thermal runaway test. And because the elastic member 3 has a certain elasticity, it can also buffer the movement of the pole group to avoid the risk of impact rupture caused by high-speed movement. Furthermore, the elastic member 3 is arranged in the receiving groove 21, and the receiving groove 21 is arranged on the end plate 2, which not only enhances the strength of the end plate 2 itself, but also hides the elastic member 3, avoiding the increase of the cover plate structure due to the space occupied by the elastic member 3.
[0076] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art may make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such modifications and variations are all within the scope defined by the appended claims.
Claims
1. A cover plate structure, characterized in that: include: A cover plate, adapted to be connected to the opening of the battery housing, wherein the cover plate is provided with an explosion-proof valve; an end plate connected to the cover plate, adapted to be arranged inside the shell and located between the cover plate and the pole group inside the shell; a receiving groove is provided on the end plate, and the notch of the receiving groove faces the cover plate; The elastic member is arranged in the accommodating groove and is suitable for abutting between the electrode group and the cover plate when the battery is in thermal runaway.
2. The cover plate structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic member is made of metal material, and an insulating layer is arranged on the surface of the elastic member.
3. The cover plate structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic member is a spring.
4. The cover plate structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The axial direction of the spring is consistent with the groove depth direction of the accommodating groove; a clamping piece is provided on the groove bottom of the accommodating groove, and one end of the spring in the axial direction is clamped with the clamping piece.
5. The cover plate structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: At least one end of the spring is connected with an abutment plate.
6. The cover plate structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The spring is a cylindrical spring; And / or, the spring is a conical spring.
7. The cover plate structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The axial direction of the spring is perpendicular to the groove depth direction of the accommodating groove; positioning convex parts are arranged on two opposite groove walls of the accommodating groove, and the two positioning convex parts are respectively detachably plugged into the two ends of the spring.
8. The cover plate structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The containing groove is arranged at a position close to the explosion-proof valve.
9. The cover plate structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: A through hole is arranged on the bottom of the accommodating groove.
10. A battery, characterized in that: It comprises a shell, a pole group and a cover plate structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the pole group is arranged in the shell, and the cover plate structure is connected to an opening of the shell.