High-strength bolt screwing device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a high-strength bolt screwing device which comprises a screwing part, a data testing device, an analysis and control device, a storage device, a user interaction device and an interface device. According to the high-strength bolt screwing device, real pre-tightening force in screwing of the high-strength bolt can be obtained in real time, operation is simple, and screwing precision and screwing efficiency of the high-strength bolt are greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of high-strength bolt construction, in particular to a high-strength bolt tightening device. Background Art

[0002] As a key component for connecting steel structure nodes, high-strength bolts are widely used in infrastructure in many fields such as wind power, petroleum, railways, bridges, etc. The reliability of high-strength bolt connections is closely related to the axial preload. At present, high-strength bolts are still tightened using the torque method, that is, the torque corresponding to the preload of the high-strength bolts is calculated by the torque coefficient for tightening. However, due to the large differences in the contact surfaces of different bolts and the large discreteness of the torque coefficients of different bolts, the torque method has low tightening accuracy and cannot obtain the true preload in the tightened bolts, which can easily cause over-tightening or under-tightening of high-strength bolts, affecting structural safety. At the same time, due to the low tightening accuracy, multiple inspections and re-tightening are often required, and the tightening efficiency is low. Utility Model Content

[0003] In view of one of the defects existing in the prior art, the purpose of the utility model is to provide a high-strength bolt tightening device to improve the tightening accuracy and tightening efficiency of the high-strength bolt.

[0004] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the utility model is:

[0005] The utility model provides a high-strength bolt tightening device, comprising:

[0006] The tightening component is connected with the tightening bolt and is used for tightening the high-strength bolt with a specific torque.

[0007] The data testing device is connected to the tightening bolt and the tightening component, and is used to measure the ultrasonic signal, the tightening torque, the temperature and the pre-tightening force of the high-strength bolt during calibration.

[0008] An analysis and control device is connected to the data testing device and the tightening component, and is used to issue ultrasonic excitation and collection instructions, torque collection instructions, pressure collection instructions, temperature collection instructions, tightening instructions, and unloading instructions. It is also used to establish a high-strength bolt preload recognition model and to calculate the high-strength bolt preload based on the collected ultrasonic signals.

[0009] A user interaction device is connected to the analysis and control device and is used for user parameter setting and high-strength bolt tightening status display.

[0010] A storage device is used to store the data collected by the data testing device, and is also used to store the high-strength bolt preload identification model and preload calculated by the analysis and control device, and is also used to store the relevant parameters set by the user interaction device.

[0011] Interface device, which is used for powering the device, data transmission and data export.

[0012] On the basis of the above solution, the tightening component comprises:

[0013] The motor is connected to the reduction device through a motor transmission shaft and is used to output power.

[0014] The speed reduction device is arranged on the motor transmission shaft and is used for converting the high speed output by the motor into a low speed output to the sleeve.

[0015] A sleeve, which is sleeved on the transmission shaft of the reduction gear and is used to be connected with the tightening bolt;

[0016] The reaction arm device is fixed on the outer shell and is used to provide reaction force for the tightening of high-strength bolts to ensure the overall stability of the device when the bolts are tightened.

[0017] Power switch, used to turn the power on and off.

[0018] Housing, used to protect the internal device.

[0019] Based on the above solution, the reduction gear is composed of multiple planetary gear sets, which can achieve multi-stage reduction.

[0020] On the basis of the above scheme, the sleeve is a replaceable accessory, the internal dimensions of which fit the dimensions of the bolts and nuts to be tightened, and high-strength bolts of different specifications can be tightened.

[0021] On the basis of the above scheme, the data testing device comprises:

[0022] The torque sensor is connected to the transmission shaft of the reduction device and is used to measure the tightening torque.

[0023] The torque acquisition device is connected to the torque sensor and is used to acquire the tightening torque measured by the torque sensor at a specific sampling rate.

[0024] The ultrasonic transducer is arranged on the end face of the head of the high-strength bolt being tightened, and is used to convert the electrical signal emitted by the ultrasonic excitation and collection device into an ultrasonic signal, and is also used to convert the ultrasonic signal propagated in the high-strength bolt into an electrical signal.

[0025] The ultrasonic excitation and acquisition device is connected to the ultrasonic transducer and is used to emit an electrical signal of a specific excitation ultrasonic signal and also to acquire the electrical signal measured by the ultrasonic transducer at a specific sampling rate.

[0026] The pressure sensor is arranged under the head of the high-strength bolt being tightened, and is used to measure the pre-tightening force of the high-strength bolt when calibrating the high-strength bolt.

[0027] A pressure acquisition device is connected to the pressure sensor and is used to acquire the high-strength bolt preload measured by the pressure sensor at a specific sampling rate.

[0028] On the basis of the above scheme, the ultrasonic transducer is a transceiver-integrated ultrasonic transducer, and a temperature sensor is installed inside the ultrasonic transducer to measure the temperature of the tightened bolt.

[0029] On the basis of the above solution, the ultrasonic excitation and acquisition device has a built-in temperature acquisition device for acquiring the temperature of the high-strength bolt measured by the temperature sensor at a specific sampling rate.

[0030] On the basis of the above solution, the user interaction device includes:

[0031] A display device is used to display the tightening status of high-strength bolts.

[0032] The user operation device is used for the user to set parameters.

[0033] On the basis of the above solution, the interface device comprises:

[0034] A power interface is used to supply power to the device.

[0035] A data export interface is used to export data information in the storage device.

[0036] The ultrasonic transducer interface is used to connect the ultrasonic transducer and the ultrasonic excitation and acquisition device.

[0037] The pressure sensor interface is used to connect the pressure sensor and the pressure acquisition device.

[0038] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the technical solution of the utility model are: based on ultrasonic data drive, the real preload force in the tightening of high-strength bolts can be obtained in real time, and the establishment of the preload force identification model and the automatic and accurate tightening of high-strength bolts can be completed at the tightening site without complicated theoretical calculations and tedious manual intervention, avoiding the preload force error caused by the difference in torque coefficients of different high-strength bolts in the traditional torque method. The operation is simple, and there is no need for multiple inspections and re-tightening. It has high practicality and greatly improves the tightening accuracy and efficiency of high-strength bolts. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0040] Figure 1It is a schematic diagram of the structural principle of a high-strength bolt tightening device according to a specific embodiment of the utility model;

[0041] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Flow chart of the method of using the medium and high strength bolt tightening device;

[0042] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Flow chart of the method for establishing a high-strength bolt preload identification model for a medium- and high-strength bolt tightening device.

[0043] In the figure: 1. tightening component; 11. sleeve; 12. reduction gear transmission shaft; 13. reduction gear; 14. motor transmission shaft; 15. motor; 16. reaction arm device; 17. power switch; 18. housing; 2. data testing device; 21. torque sensor; 22. torque acquisition device; 23. ultrasonic transducer; 24. ultrasonic excitation and acquisition device; 25. pressure sensor; 26. pressure acquisition device; 3. analysis and control device; 4. storage device; 5. user interaction device; 51. display device; 52. interactive operation device; 6. interface device; 61. power interface; 62. pressure sensor interface; 63. ultrasonic transducer interface; 64. data export interface. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0045] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structural principle of a high-strength bolt tightening device according to a specific embodiment of the utility model. Figure 1As shown, the utility model provides a high-strength bolt tightening device, including: a tightening component 1, which is connected to the tightening bolt and is used to tighten the high-strength bolt with a specific torque; it also includes a data testing device 2, which is connected to the tightening bolt and the tightening component 1, and is used to measure ultrasonic signals, tightening torque, temperature and high-strength bolt pre-tightening force during calibration; it also includes an analysis and control device 3, which is connected to the tightening component 1 and the data testing device 2, and is used to issue ultrasonic excitation and acquisition instructions, torque acquisition instructions, pressure acquisition instructions, temperature acquisition instructions, tightening instructions, unloading instructions, and is also used to establish a high-strength bolt pre-tightening force identification model, and is also used to calculate the high-strength bolt pre-tightening force according to the collected ultrasonic signal; it also includes a user interaction device 5, which is connected to the analysis and control device 3, and is used for user parameter setting and high-strength bolt tightening status display; it also includes a storage device 4, which is used to store data collected by the data testing device, and is also used to store the high-strength bolt pre-tightening force identification model and pre-tightening force calculated by the analysis and control device 3, and is also used to store related parameters set by the user interaction device 5; it also includes an interface device 6, which is used to power the device, transmit data and export data.

[0046] When using the device to tighten high-strength bolts, first, the device is powered on through the power interface 61, and the interactive operation device 52 is used to select a pre-tightening force identification model with the same material and specification as the bolt to be tightened. If there is no pre-tightening force identification model with the same material and specification as the bolt to be tightened, the model is established; secondly, the sleeve 11 is sleeved on the nut of the bolt to be tightened, and the ultrasonic transducer 23 is an integrated electromagnetic ultrasonic transducer for transmitting and receiving, which adsorbs the top surface of the head of the bolt to be tightened (that is, the side away from the nut) and is connected to the ultrasonic transducer interface 63, and the interactive operation is used. The operation device 52 selects the tightening mode, inputs the tightening bolt number, position, tightening preload, torque increase rate, and clamping length; then, the interactive operation device 52 confirms the start of tightening, the analysis and control device 3 sends a torque acquisition instruction, an ultrasonic excitation and acquisition instruction, and a temperature acquisition instruction to the data testing device 2, the torque acquisition device 22 collects the tightening torque measured by the torque sensor 21 at a specific sampling rate, and transmits it to the analysis and control device 3 and the display device 51, and the analysis and control device 3 sends a torque acquisition instruction to the motor 15 according to the tightening torque. A tightening instruction is issued, so that the motor 15 increases the tightening torque at a set torque increase rate to tighten the tightening bolt. The ultrasonic excitation and acquisition device 24 sends a specific excitation ultrasonic signal to the ultrasonic transducer 23, and acquires the ultrasonic signal in the tightening bolt at a specific sampling rate, and transmits it to the analysis and control device 3. The temperature acquisition device 28 built into the ultrasonic excitation and acquisition device 24 acquires the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 27 built into the ultrasonic transducer 23 at a specific sampling rate, and transmits it to the analysis and control device 3 and the display device 51; finally, the analysis and control device 3 inputs the ultrasonic echo sound time, temperature, and clamping length into the pre-tightening force identification model to obtain the real pre-tightening force of the tightening bolt, and the real pre-tightening force is displayed in real time through the display device 51. When the real pre-tightening force reaches the set tightening pre-tightening force value, the motor 15 stops outputting power, and the tightening is completed. The pre-tightening force identification model, the tightening bolt number, position, tightening pre-tightening force, torque increase rate, clamping length, maximum tightening torque, ultrasonic signal and echo sound time, temperature are all stored in the storage device, and can be exported through the data export interface 64.

[0047] When using the device to establish a high-strength bolt preload identification model, first, the interactive operation device 52 is used to select a calibration mode, a new high-strength bolt preload identification model is created, and model parameters are input, including high-strength bolt specifications and materials.Secondly, the sleeve 11 is installed on the nut of the high-strength bolt being tightened; the ultrasonic transducer 23 is installed on the top surface of the head of the high-strength bolt being tightened, and is connected to the ultrasonic interface 63; the pressure sensor 25 is installed on the bottom surface of the head of the high-strength bolt being tightened, that is, the side of the head of the high-strength bolt close to the nut, and is connected to the pressure sensor interface 62; the interactive operation device 52 is used to set and calibrate the high-strength bolt number, position, tightening preload, torque increase rate, and clamping length; then, the interactive operation device 52 is used to confirm the start of tightening, and the analysis and control device 2 sends a torque acquisition instruction, a pressure acquisition instruction, and a temperature acquisition instruction to the data testing device 2. The torque acquisition device 22 collects the tightening torque measured by the torque sensor 21 at a specific sampling rate and transmits it. The analysis and control device 3 and the display device 51 are inputted, and the analysis and control device 3 sends a tightening instruction to the motor 15 according to the tightening torque, so that the motor 15 increases the tightening torque at the set torque increase rate to tighten the tightening bolt, and the pressure collection device 26 and the temperature collection device 28 built into the ultrasonic excitation and collection device 24 collect the high-strength bolt preload and temperature measured by the pressure sensor 25 and the temperature sensor 27 built into the ultrasonic transducer 23 at a specific sampling rate, and transmit them to the analysis and control device 3 and the display device 51. When the increase in the high-strength bolt preload measured by the pressure sensor 25 reaches one tenth of the tightening preload, the analysis and control device 3 sends an ultrasonic excitation and collection instruction to the ultrasonic excitation and collection device 24, and the ultrasonic excitation and collection device 24 collects the high-strength bolt preload and temperature measured by the pressure sensor 25 and the temperature sensor 27 built into the ultrasonic transducer 23 at a specific sampling rate, and transmits them to the analysis and control device 3 and the display device 51. When the increase in the high-strength bolt preload measured by the pressure sensor 25 reaches one tenth of the tightening preload, the analysis and control device 3 sends an ultrasonic excitation and collection instruction to the ultrasonic excitation and collection device 24. The acoustic excitation and acquisition device 24 sends a specific excitation ultrasonic signal to the ultrasonic transducer 23, and collects the ultrasonic signal and temperature in the tightened bolt at a specific sampling rate, and transmits them to the analysis and control device 3. When the pre-tightening force measured by the pressure sensor 25 reaches the set tightening pre-tightening force, the calibration of the high-strength bolt is completed, and the motor 15 reverses until the pre-tightening force measured by the pressure sensor 25 is zero. The motor 15 stops outputting power, and the sleeve 11, the ultrasonic transducer 23, and the pressure sensor 25 are taken out. The analysis and control device 3 uses the high-strength bolt pre-tightening force and the corresponding ultrasonic sound time, clamping length, and temperature as training sets, performs model training, and generates a pre-tightening force recognition model; finally, the next high-strength bolt is selected to be tightened to verify the pre-tightening force recognition model. Model accuracy, repeat the above operation, input the ultrasonic sound time, clamping length and temperature measured at each level of pre-tightening force of the bolt into the established pre-tightening force identification model, calculate the deviation value between the pre-tightening force output by the model and the actual pre-tightening force, when the maximum deviation is less than the threshold value, the established pre-tightening force identification model meets the requirements and can be used as the pre-tightening force identification model of the high-strength bolts of this specification and material, and the calibration of the high-strength bolts is completed. When the maximum deviation is greater than the threshold value, the analysis and control device 3 adds the pre-tightening force at each level of the high-strength bolt and the corresponding ultrasonic sound time, clamping length and temperature to the training set, retrains the model, obtains a new pre-tightening force identification model, selects the next high-strength bolt to tighten, until the maximum deviation is less than the threshold value, the calibration is completed, and the pre-tightening force identification model is established.

[0048] Preferably, the tightening component 1 includes: a sleeve 11, which is sleeved on the reduction device transmission shaft 12 and is used to be connected to the tightening bolt; a reduction device 13, which is arranged on the motor transmission shaft 14 and is used to convert the high speed output by the motor 15 into a low speed output to the sleeve 11; the motor 15, which is connected to the reduction device 13 through the motor transmission shaft 14 and is used to output power; a reaction arm device 16, which is fixed on the outer shell 18 and is used to provide a reaction force for the tightening of high-strength bolts to ensure the overall stability of the device when the bolts are tightened; a power switch 17, which is used to turn on and off the power; the outer shell 18, which is used to protect the internal device.

[0049] Preferably, the data testing device 2 includes: a torque sensor 21, which is connected to the transmission shaft 12 of the reduction device and is used to measure the tightening torque; a torque acquisition device 22, which is connected to the torque sensor 21 and is used to acquire the tightening torque measured by the torque sensor 21 at a specific sampling rate; an ultrasonic transducer 23, which is arranged on the end face of the head of the tightening high-strength bolt and is used to convert the electrical signal emitted by the ultrasonic excitation and acquisition device 24 into an ultrasonic signal, and is also used to convert the ultrasonic signal propagated in the high-strength bolt into an electrical signal; the ultrasonic excitation and acquisition device 24 is connected to the ultrasonic transducer 23 and is used to emit an electrical signal of a specific excitation ultrasonic signal, and is also used to acquire the electrical signal measured by the ultrasonic transducer 23 at a specific sampling rate; a pressure sensor 25, which is arranged under the head of the tightening high-strength bolt and is used to measure the preload force of the high-strength bolt when calibrating the high-strength bolt; a pressure acquisition device 26, which is connected to the pressure sensor 25 and is used to acquire the preload force of the high-strength bolt measured by the pressure sensor 25 at a specific sampling rate. Preferably, the user interaction device 5 comprises: a display device 51 for displaying the tightening status of the high-strength bolts; and a user operation device 52 for the user to set parameters.

[0050] Preferably, the interface device 6 includes: a power supply interface 61, which is used to power the device; an ultrasonic transducer interface 63, which is used to connect the ultrasonic transducer 23 and the ultrasonic excitation and acquisition device 24; a pressure sensor interface 62, which is used to connect the pressure sensor 25 and the pressure acquisition device 26. A data export interface 64, which is used to export data information in the storage device 4;

[0051] Preferably, the reduction gear 13 is composed of a plurality of planetary gear sets, and can achieve multi-stage reduction.

[0052] Preferably, the sleeve 11 is a replaceable accessory, the internal dimensions of which fit the dimensions of the bolts and nuts to be tightened, and high-strength bolts of different specifications can be tightened.

[0053] Preferably, the ultrasonic transducer 23 is an electromagnetic ultrasonic transducer with an integrated transmitter and receiver, which can be adsorbed on the end face of the head of the tightening bolt, and a temperature sensor 27 is installed inside the ultrasonic transducer to measure the temperature of the tightening bolt.

[0054] Preferably, the ultrasonic excitation and collection device 24 has a built-in temperature collection device 28 for collecting the temperature of the high-strength bolt measured by the temperature sensor 27 at a specific sampling rate.

[0055] Preferably, the specific excitation ultrasonic signal is an ultrasonic signal with a frequency in the range of 1 MHz to 10 MHz.

[0056] Preferably, the specific sampling rate of the ultrasonic signal is greater than 10 times the frequency of the ultrasonic signal to ensure the accuracy of ultrasonic data acquisition.

[0057] Preferably, the ultrasonic acoustic time is the acoustic time difference between two reflected echoes of the ultrasonic wave at the end face of the tightened bolt.

[0058] Preferably, the clamping length is the distance between the center of the screw bolt head and the center of the nut.

[0059] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the process principle of using the medium and high strength bolt tightening device, such as Figure 2 As shown, the method for using the high-strength bolt tightening device provided by the utility model may include the following steps:

[0060] S1: Turn on the power supply and turn on the power switch 17;

[0061] S2: Select a preload force identification model with the same material and specification as the bolt being tightened. If there is no preload force identification model with the same material and specification as the bolt being tightened, establish this model;

[0062] S3: Install the sleeve 11 on the nut of the high-strength bolt being tightened; install the ultrasonic transducer 23 on the top surface of the head of the high-strength bolt being tightened, and connect it to the ultrasonic transducer interface 63.

[0063] S4: Select the tightening mode through the user operating device 52, and set the tightening bolt number, position, tightening pre-tightening force, torque increase rate, and clamping length.

[0064] S5 : The user confirms the start of tightening through the operating device 52 , and the motor 15 gradually increases the tightening torque at a set torque increase rate, and displays the tightening torque in real time on the display device 51 .

[0065] S6: the analysis and control device 3 calculates the high-strength bolt preload according to the user-set parameters, the ultrasonic signal and the temperature measured by the ultrasonic transducer 23 and its built-in temperature sensor 27, and displays it in real time through the display device 51;

[0066] S7: When the pre-tightening force of the high-strength bolt reaches the set tightening pre-tightening force, the motor 15 stops outputting power, and the tightening of the high-strength bolt is completed.

[0067] Figure 3 for Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the process principle for establishing the preload identification model of the high-strength bolt tightening device is shown in Figure 3 As shown, the method for establishing the high-strength bolt preload force identification model of the high-strength bolt tightening device provided by the utility model may include the following steps:

[0068] S1: Selecting a calibration mode through the user operating device 52, creating a high-strength bolt preload force identification model, and inputting model parameters, including high-strength bolt specifications and materials;

[0069] S2: The sleeve 11 is installed on the nut of the high-strength bolt being tightened; the ultrasonic transducer 23 is installed on the top surface of the head of the high-strength bolt being tightened, and is connected to the ultrasonic transducer interface 63; the pressure sensor 25 is installed under the bottom surface of the head of the high-strength bolt being tightened, and is connected to the pressure sensor interface 62;

[0070] S3: The user operates the device 52 to set the number, position, tightening preload (according to the design value), torque increase rate, and clamping length of the calibrated high-strength bolt, and confirms the start of tightening. The motor 15 gradually increases the tightening torque at the set torque increase rate, and displays the tightening torque in real time on the display device 51;

[0071] S4: When the increase in the calibrated bolt preload force measured by the pressure sensor 25 reaches one tenth of the set calibrated high-strength bolt preload force, the analysis and control device 3 sends ultrasonic excitation and acquisition instructions to the ultrasonic excitation and receiving device 24, and calculates the ultrasonic sound time.

[0072] S5: When the calibrated bolt pre-tightening force measured by the pressure sensor 25 reaches the set tightening pre-tightening force, the calibration of the high-strength bolt is completed, and the motor 15 reverses until the tightening bolt pre-tightening force measured by the pressure sensor 25 is zero. The motor 15 stops outputting power, and the sleeve 11, ultrasonic transducer 23, and pressure sensor 25 are taken out.

[0073] S6: The analysis and control device 3 uses the calibrated high-strength bolt preload and the corresponding ultrasonic sound time, clamping length, and temperature as a training set to perform model training and generate a preload recognition model.

[0074] S7: Select the next high-strength bolt and repeat steps S2 to S5. Input the ultrasonic sound time, clamping length and temperature measured when the bolt reaches each level of preload into the preload identification model to calculate the measured error of each level of preload of the calibrated high-strength bolt.

[0075] S8: Determine whether the measured maximum deviation of the calibrated high-strength bolt preload is less than the threshold value. If so, the preload identification model meets the requirements and can be used as the preload identification model for high-strength bolts of this specification and material. The high-strength bolt calibration is completed. If not, execute step S9.

[0076] S9: The analysis and control device 3 adds the various levels of preload force of the high-strength bolt and the corresponding ultrasonic sound time, clamping length, and temperature to the training set, retrains the model, obtains a new preload force identification model, returns to step S2, and re-executes steps S2 to S8 until the preload force identification model meets the requirements.

[0077] Preferably, the high-strength bolt preload recognition model is a support vector regression model with radial basis function as kernel function, and its training process is as follows:

[0078] S1: Take ultrasonic sound time, clamping length, and temperature as input, and the corresponding bolt axial force as the actual output to construct a training set {x i ,y i}, i = 1, 2, · · ·, l, where l is the number of samples in the training set, x i is the input set in the i-th sample, which consists of three elements: ultrasonic sound time, clamping length, and temperature. i is the actual output set in the i-th sample, i.e., the bolt axial force.

[0079] S2: Using radial basis function as kernel function, construct and solve the optimization problem described in equation (1) and equation (2) to obtain model parameters The radial basis function can be calculated by formula (3):

[0080]

[0081]

[0082]

[0083] in, α i is the Lagrange multiplier, C is the penalty factor, σ is the bandwidth parameter of the kernel function, l is the number of samples in the training set, and ε is the allowable error.

[0084] S3: According to formula (4), calculate the threshold parameter b *

[0085]

[0086] Where q is any positive integer not greater than the number of samples in the training set.

[0087] S4: According to the model parameters and threshold parameter b * , construct the support vector regression model, as shown in the following formula (5):

[0088]

[0089] Preferably, the penalty factor and kernel function bandwidth parameters are the penalty factor and kernel function width coefficient corresponding to the maximum fitness function when the genetic algorithm is used to search, and the fitness function is shown in formula (6):

[0090]

[0091] Among them, F(x i ) is the model calculation output set, y is the actual output set y i The average value of .

[0092] Specifically, taking a high-strength bolt with a performance grade of 10.9S, a diameter of 24 mm, and a length of 100 mm as an example, the training process of the preload recognition model is as follows: First, 10 bolts with the same material and specification as the bolt can be selected for calibration. The frequency of the excitation ultrasonic signal can be 5 MHz, and the signal sampling rate can be 80 MHz. Then, a training set {x i ,y i}, i = 1, 2, ···, 100; secondly, let the allowable error ε = 0.001, the penalty factor C ranges from 0 to 50, and the kernel function bandwidth parameter σ ranges from 0 to 10. Through genetic algorithm optimization, the optimal penalty factor C0 and the optimal kernel function bandwidth parameter σ0 are obtained. In the genetic algorithm, the population size is set to 25, the maximum number of iterations is 120, the cross-validation fold is 5, and the fitness function is shown in formula (6); then, let the allowable error ε = 0.001, the penalty factor C = C0, and the kernel function bandwidth parameter σ = σ0, solve the optimization problem described in formula (1) and formula (2), and obtain the model parameters Finally, let q = 100 and calculate the threshold parameter b according to formula (4): * , according to the model parameters and threshold parameter b * , the preload force identification model can be constructed as shown in formula (5).

[0093] The utility model is based on ultrasonic data drive and can obtain the real preload force in the tightening of high-strength bolts in real time. It can complete the establishment of the preload force identification model and the automatic and accurate tightening of high-strength bolts at the tightening site without complicated theoretical calculations and tedious manual intervention, avoiding the preload force error caused by the difference in torque coefficients of different high-strength bolts in the traditional torque method. The utility model is simple to operate and does not require multiple inspections and re-tightening. It has high practicality and greatly improves the tightening accuracy and efficiency of high-strength bolts.

[0094] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. Unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be a connection between the two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0095] It should be noted that, in this application, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprise a ..." do not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements.

[0096] The above description is only a specific implementation of the present application, so that those skilled in the art can understand or implement the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest range consistent with the principles and novel features applied for herein.

Claims

1. A high-strength bolt tightening device, characterized in that: It includes: A tightening component (1) for connecting to a nut of a high-strength bolt, a data testing device (2) connected to the tightening component (1) for measuring ultrasonic signals, tightening torque, temperature and pre-tightening force of the high-strength bolt during calibration, an analysis and control device (3) for issuing instructions, connected to the data testing device (2) and the tightening component (1), a user interaction device (5) connected to the analysis and control device (3) for user parameter setting and display of the tightening status of the high-strength bolt, a storage device (4) connected to the data testing device (2) and the user interaction device (5), and an interface device (6).

2. The high-strength bolt tightening device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tightening component (1) comprises: A sleeve (11) is detachably mounted on the transmission shaft (12) of the reduction gear and is used to be connected to the nut of the high-strength bolt; A speed reduction device (13), which is arranged on the motor transmission shaft (14) and is used to convert a high speed output by the motor (15) into a low speed output to the sleeve (11); A motor (15) connected to the reduction device (13) via a motor transmission shaft (14) for outputting power; A reaction arm device (16) fixed to the housing (18) and used to provide a reaction force for tightening the high-strength bolts, thereby ensuring the overall stability of the device when the bolts are tightened; A power switch (17), used to turn the power on and off; The housing (18) is used to protect the internal device.

3. The high-strength bolt tightening device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The reduction gear (13) is composed of a plurality of planetary gears.

4. The high-strength bolt tightening device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data testing device (2) comprises: A torque sensor (21), connected to the transmission shaft (12) of the reduction device, and used for measuring the tightening torque; A torque acquisition device (22), connected to the torque sensor (21), and used to acquire the tightening torque measured by the torque sensor (21) at a specific sampling rate; An ultrasonic transducer (23) is detachably disposed on the top surface of the high-strength bolt head and is used to convert the electrical signal emitted by the ultrasonic excitation and collection device (24) into an ultrasonic signal, and is also used to convert the ultrasonic signal propagating in the high-strength bolt into an electrical signal; An ultrasonic excitation and acquisition device (24), connected to the ultrasonic transducer (23), used to emit an electrical signal of a specific excitation ultrasonic signal, and also used to acquire the electrical signal measured by the ultrasonic transducer (23) at a specific sampling rate; A pressure sensor (25) is detachably disposed on the bottom surface of the high-strength bolt head and is used to measure the pre-tightening force of the high-strength bolt when calibrating the high-strength bolt; A pressure collection device (26) is connected to the pressure sensor (25) and is used to collect the high-strength bolt preload force measured by the pressure sensor (25) at a specific sampling rate.

5. The high-strength bolt tightening device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The ultrasonic transducer (23) is a transceiver-integrated ultrasonic transducer, and a temperature sensor (27) is installed inside the ultrasonic transducer for measuring the temperature of the tightened bolt.

6. The high-strength bolt tightening device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The ultrasonic excitation and collection device (24) has a built-in temperature collection device (28) for collecting the temperature of the high-strength bolt measured by the temperature sensor (27) at a specific sampling rate.

7. The high-strength bolt tightening device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The user interaction device (5) comprises: a display device (51) for displaying the tightening state of the high-strength bolt, and a user operation device (52) for the user to set parameters.

8. The high-strength bolt tightening device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The interface device (6) comprises: a power supply interface (61), an ultrasonic transducer interface (63) for connecting the ultrasonic transducer (23) and the ultrasonic excitation and acquisition device (24), a pressure sensor interface (62) for connecting the pressure sensor (25) and the pressure acquisition device (26), and a data export interface (64) for exporting data information in the storage device (4).

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