A ship loader level two-dimensional laser scanning radar automatic detecting system and a method relates to the automatic detecting technical field, wherein, the system comprises two sets of laser scanning devices, an industrial control main frame and an image pick-up device; each laser scanning device comprises a two-dimensional laser radar, a servomotor, a shaft coupling, a rotating main shaft, a limit and zero sensor, a bearing seat containing a bearing, a contracting brake device, a laser radar back support and an L-shaped mounting bottom plate; the image pick-up device comprises a pickup camera and a tripod head. By means of the realtime scanning of the two-dimensional laser radar, the invention collects related data of a ship cabin, a loading chute and material; meanwhile, the invention provides a device realizing realtime display of the status of the ship cabin, the loading chute and material stacking as well as corresponding detection and data processing method. The system realizes three-dimensional scanning of the ship loader and material by means of the two-dimensional laser scanning radar which is combined with the servo motor and a motion control card. In addition, the invention can realizes less than 200mm positioning error of hatchway position and less than 100mm surface topography identification error.