The invention relates to a heat accumulation and exchange integrated tower-type solar power generation system which comprises a heliostat field, a saturated water heat absorber, a water heat accumulator, a superheated heat absorber, a heat accumulation / heat exchange device, a steam turbine, a generator set, a condenser, a condensate pump, a deaerator, a water feed pump and a plurality of block valves. The first block valve is arranged between the saturated water heat absorber and the water heat accumulator, the second block valve is arranged between the water heat accumulator and the superheated heat absorber, the third block valve is arranged between the superheated heat absorber and the heat accumulation / heat exchange device, and the fourth block valve is arranged between the water heat accumulator and the heat accumulation / heat exchange device. Under the state that solar rays are sufficient, the first block valve, the second block valve and the third block valve are opened, the fourth block valve is closed, superheated steam is buffered through the heat accumulation / heat exchange device, and heat is accumulated through the heat accumulation / heat exchange device. Under the state that the solar rays are insufficient, the first block valve, the second block valve and the third block valve are closed, the fourth block valve is opened, and heat exchange is carried out on saturated steam through the heat accumulation / heat exchange device to form the superheated steam.