The present invention discloses a multiple PCR targeted capture typing system and kit based on a high-throughput sequencing technology, and relates to the technical field of nucleic acid in-vitro detection. The STR typing system comprises PCR primers for amplification of 58, 119, or 179 linked autosomal STR gene loci. The kit comprises PCR primer combination, Index linker sequences, an IGT-EM707 polymerase mixture, an amplification buffer enhancer NB, a YF buffer B, library building reagents, etc. The provided STR typing system and kit can achieve single-tube amplification of the 58, 119, or 179 linked autosomal STR gene loci, are good in balance, high in sensitivity, good in specificity, and accurate in typing results, and can be used to identify complex consanguinity relationships of different consanguinity relationships at a same level.