MOMES and FBG fusion sensing system based on tunable laser array

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber sensing, in particular to an MOMES and FBG fusion sensing system based on a tunable laser array. A multi-wavelength tunable laser array light source is adopted to generate fast broadband frequency sweep laser, the fast broadband frequency sweep laser is split to M paths to be output through a multi-path planar optical waveguide shunt coupler, each path of output end is connected with N FBG sensor arrays and one MOMES sensor, and sensing signal reflected light is received by a corresponding photoelectric detector. After data processing is carried out through a photoelectric converter, a logarithmic amplifier, an analog-to-digital converter and an FPGA compatible algorithm platform, wave crests and wave troughs of reflection spectrum data of each wavelength point are searched at the same time; the wave crest data is used for demodulating the FBG sensor array, and the wave trough data is used for demodulating the MOMES sensor. According to the optical path structure and algorithm design of the system, synchronous demodulation of the FBG and the MOMES sensor is realized, and the compatibility and operation efficiency of the system are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of optical fiber sensing technology, and in particular to a MOMES and FBG fusion sensing system based on an adjustable laser array. Background Art

[0002] The rapid development of new generation information technology has made sensing technology increasingly critical in the future information technology field. Among them, optical fiber sensing, as an important branch, plays an important role in major scientific and engineering research.

[0003] However, the fiber optic sensing market accounts for a small proportion, resulting in most of its lasers being used after adjusting the driving circuit based on the communication laser. The standard bands of these lasers are narrow and cannot be customized, which limits the demodulation capabilities of fiber grating FBG and MOMES sensors. FBG sensors sense changes based on reflection spectrum peak finding. Its advantage lies in wavelength division multiplexing technology, but it is easy to break when measuring structural mechanical parameters. The MOMES sensor is based on interference, measuring the changes in the spacing between the troughs of the interference spectrum. It has a large variation space and is suitable for large-scale and high-precision measurements, but it is difficult to connect in series. Both require the laser to continuously emit swept frequency light for detection. The principle is based on spectral perception, but the existing system cannot simultaneously connect to two sensors and complete demodulation due to the single demodulation. The two systems need to be demodulated separately and then integrated, resulting in problems such as the inability to absolutely synchronize data, high cost, and complex system, which limits the application scenarios. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned technical deficiencies, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a MOMES and FBG fusion sensing system based on an adjustable laser array to solve the problem in the prior art that FBG sensors and MOMES sensors cannot be demodulated simultaneously in the same channel.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: In the first aspect, a MOMES and FBG fusion sensing system based on an adjustable laser array includes: a multi-wavelength tunable laser array light source, a multi-channel planar optical waveguide branch coupler, a MOMES sensor, an FBG sensor array, a photodetector, a logarithmic amplifier, an analog-to-digital converter, an FPGA compatible algorithm platform and a host computer display platform; the laser output interface of the multi-wavelength tunable laser array light source is connected to the input end of the multi-channel planar optical waveguide branch coupler; the output end of the multi-channel planar optical waveguide branch coupler is connected to the FBG sensor array, and the end of the FBG sensor array is connected to the MOMES sensor; the return end of the multi-channel planar optical waveguide branch coupler is sequentially connected to the photodetector, the logarithmic amplifier and the analog-to-digital converter; the digital signal output by the analog-to-digital converter is transmitted to the FPGA compatible algorithm platform.

[0006] Preferably, in a possible implementation of the first aspect, the laser array light source is composed of a 4×6 series-parallel matrix-distributed monolithic integrated multiple multi-wavelength distributed feedback unit laser array, which is then merged into an optical waveguide output through a two-stage cascaded 2-in-1 Y-branch active combining waveguide structure, and a semiconductor optical amplifier is integrated at the front end of the chip light output to balance the final output swept frequency optical power. The wavelength of each unit laser is designed according to the wavelength interval of 2nm. The corresponding unit laser is controlled by the matching laser hardware control circuit according to the wavelength size to complete the wavelength scanning to cover the 2nm wavelength interval and then switch to the next unit laser with adjacent wavelength in sequence. By analogy, 24 unit lasers can cover the 48nm wavelength range in sequence to generate a continuous wavelength variable swept frequency optical signal. The conditioned adjustable laser signal is continuously scanned and the trigger signal is output at a fixed frequency interval of 5Ghz (approximately equal to 8pm). The scanning light passes through the input end of the multi-path planar optical waveguide branch coupler. There are M groups of 1×2 splitters inside the multi-path planar optical waveguide branch coupler. The incident light is first divided into M paths and then output by M 1×2 splitters at the same time. One of the outputs is first connected to the FBG sensor array, and a MOMES sensor is connected to the tail end of the FBG sensor array. The light that meets the FBG reflection condition is first continuously reflected by the array grating, and the MOMES sensor at the end forms a continuous interference spectrum. The acquisition end triggers the collected data according to the 5Ghz frequency interval to form a continuous adjustable laser reflection spectrum.

[0007] Preferably, in a possible implementation of the first aspect, the photodetector receives a continuous FBG reflectance spectrum and a MOMES sensor interference spectrum, and the received optical signal is first converted into a current signal by a photoelectric converter, and then amplified by a logarithmic amplifier to enhance the dynamic range, and then the analog signal is converted into a digital signal and input into an FPGA-compatible algorithm platform for processing.

[0008] Preferably, in a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the FPGA-compatible algorithm platform drives the analog-to-digital conversion chip, and one frequency sweep cycle can obtain spectral data with a 5 GHz spacing, 1216 points, and a total bandwidth of 48.4 nm. These data completely include the FBG sensor array reflection spectrum and the MOMES sensor interference spectrum. After each acquisition is completed, the data is transmitted to two FPGA_FIFO resources in real time, and the two FIFO resources containing spectral data are released in parallel, one of which searches for the maximum point for data above the threshold according to the set threshold, and shifts 4 sampling points to the left and right of the maximum point, and the other searches for the minimum point for data below the threshold according to the set threshold, and shifts 4 sampling points to the left and right of the minimum point. Finally, binomial fitting is performed on the two data containing a number of peaks and a number of trough sampling points to obtain continuous peak data and continuous trough data, the frequency shift of the peak data represents the change of the corresponding FBG sensor array sensor, and the data of the spacing between consecutive adjacent troughs is the change of the interference cavity length.

[0009] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: a fiber grating (FBG) sensor array and a micro-opto-electromechanical (MOMES) sensor are combined in one channel by using a band-matched 48.4nm bandwidth laser array, thereby improving the compatibility of sensors of various principles; an array laser chip is used to integrate 24 multi-wavelength DFB unit lasers in a single chip with high density and matched with a corresponding hardware control circuit to complete the output of a single-mode fast wavelength sweeping signal with a 48nm bandwidth and good characteristics, and the output power is balanced by a front-end integrated SOA to complete the output of a wavelength synchronization signal; two fiber grating (FBG) sensor array spectra with different characteristics and the micro-opto-electromechanical (MOMES) sensor spectrum are synchronously subjected to feature extraction data processing without interfering with each other. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0011] Figure 1 A structural schematic diagram of a MOMES and FBG fusion sensing system based on an adjustable laser array is provided for this application.

[0012] Figure 2 The present application provides a schematic diagram of an adjustable multi-wavelength distributed feedback laser array chip with an i×j matrix structure for generating broadband fast continuous frequency-sweeping laser signals and a diagram of a 4×6 laser array chip.

[0013] Figure 3 The optical fiber grating (FBG) and micro-opto-electromechanical (MOMES) spectra in the same channel are provided for this application.

[0014] Figure 4 A compatibility algorithm software flow chart is provided for this application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0016] Embodiment 1: Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a MOMES and FBG fusion sensing system based on an adjustable laser array, including a multi-wavelength tunable laser array light source, a multi-path planar optical waveguide branch coupler, a MOMES sensor, an FBG sensor array, a photodetector, a logarithmic amplifier, an analog-to-digital converter, an FPGA compatible algorithm platform, and a host computer display platform.

[0017] Specifically, the multi-wavelength tunable laser array light source is composed of multiple independently tunable lasers, each of which can output optical signals of different wavelengths. A multi-wavelength tunable Q-switched fiber laser is used, including a semiconductor laser with a pigtail, a wavelength division multiplexer, a single-mode erbium-doped fiber, a fiber isolator, a fiber coupler, a fiber polarization controller and a tuning device.

[0018] The multi-path planar optical waveguide split coupler can split the optical signal output by the multi-wavelength tunable laser array light source and couple it to different sensor channels. It adopts a planar optical waveguide structure with multiple input ports and multiple output ports, and can evenly distribute the input optical signal to each output port. The coupler has the advantages of low loss and high stability, and can ensure the quality and stability of the optical signal during transmission.

[0019] MOMES sensor uses micro-opto-electromechanical technology to detect and convert optical signals. The micro-opto-electromechanical structure can convert the received optical signals into electrical signals for output. It has the advantages of high sensitivity and fast response speed, and can realize accurate detection and conversion of optical signals.

[0020] The FBG sensor array consists of multiple FBG sensors, which can realize distributed measurement of different physical quantities. Using the fiber Bragg grating structure, each FBG sensor can measure the optical signal of a specific wavelength and convert it into an electrical signal output. The array has the advantages of high measurement accuracy and strong anti-interference ability, and can realize the simultaneous measurement of multiple physical quantities.

[0021] Photoelectric detectors can detect and convert light signals and convert them into electrical signals for output. Using the principle of photoelectric effect, they can convert received light signals into current signals for output. This detector has the advantages of high sensitivity and fast response speed, and can accurately detect and convert light signals.

[0022] The logarithmic amplifier realizes logarithmic amplification of the input signal and improves the accuracy of signal detection. It includes a cascade amplifier, a summing circuit and a gain amplifier circuit. The gain amplifier circuit is used to gain amplify the input signal to obtain a first signal; the first amplifier is used to amplify the input signal to obtain a second signal; the second amplifier is used to amplify the second signal to obtain a third signal; the summing circuit is used to sum the first signal, the second signal and the third signal. The amplifier has the advantages of small system error and high signal detection accuracy.

[0023] The analog-to-digital converter realizes the digital conversion of analog signals and converts analog signals into digital signals for output. It includes a capacitor array, a comparator and a logic control circuit. The capacitor array includes a first capacitor array and a second capacitor array; the logic control circuit is configured to apply a preset reference control signal to each capacitor in the first capacitor array, and adjust the control signal applied to the second capacitor array in the current comparison action according to the result of the last comparison action of the comparator. The converter has the advantages of high conversion accuracy and good stability.

[0024] The FPGA-compatible algorithm platform processes and analyzes the collected digital signals and extracts useful information. Using FPGA chips as the processing core can achieve rapid processing and analysis of digital signals. It has the advantages of fast processing speed and flexible algorithms, and can adapt to and optimize different application scenarios.

[0025] The upper computer display platform realizes the visualization of processed data, which is convenient for users to monitor and analyze. The graphical interface design can display the data collected by the sensor and the processed results in real time. The platform has the advantages of simple operation, intuitive and easy to understand, and can provide users with a good user experience.

[0026] The laser output interface of the multi-wavelength tunable laser array light source is connected to the input end of the multi-way planar optical waveguide branch coupler; the output end of the multi-way planar optical waveguide branch coupler is first connected to the FBG sensor array, and the MOMES sensor is connected at the end of the FBG sensor array; the return end of the multi-way planar optical waveguide branch coupler is sequentially connected to the photodetector, the logarithmic amplifier, and the analog-to-digital converter; the digital signal output by the analog-to-digital converter is transmitted to the FPGA compatible algorithm platform.

[0027] The multi-wavelength tunable laser array light source consists of a matrix multi-wavelength tunable laser array and its hardware control circuit, which is used to generate a broadband swept frequency optical signal with a continuously and rapidly changing wavelength, and output the signal in order from small to large wavelength at a fixed frequency step interval, and input it into the input end of a multi-path planar optical waveguide branch coupler.

[0028] There are M groups of 1×2 splitters inside the multi-path planar optical waveguide splitting coupler. The incident light is first divided into M paths and then output by the M 1×2 splitters at the same time. One of the outputs is first connected to the FBG sensor array, and the MOMES sensor is connected at the end of the FBG sensor array. The light that meets the FBG reflection conditions is first continuously reflected by the FBG sensor array to form a continuous FBG reflection spectrum, and enters the MOMES sensor at the end to form a continuous interference spectrum. The other output is sent to the photodetector, which receives the continuous FBG string reflection spectrum and the MOMES sensor interference spectrum. The received optical signal is first converted into a current signal, then amplified by a logarithmic amplifier, and then converted from analog to digital, and finally processed by an FPGA compatible algorithm platform.

[0029] The FPGA-compatible algorithm platform searches for peaks and troughs in parallel for a set of data containing reflection and interference spectra. The frequency shift of the peak is the effect of temperature and strain changes on the FBG sensor array. The Fabry-Perot interference spectrum reflection signal is a set of continuous trough spectra. The central wavelength spacing of the trough is the free spectrum range, which can be converted into a Fabry-Perot resonant cavity through calculation. The change in the length of the resonant cavity is further converted into changes in strain and temperature, and finally displayed and processed in real time by the host computer display platform.

[0030] like Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides a schematic diagram of the structure of an adjustable multi-wavelength distributed feedback laser array chip with an i×j matrix structure for generating broadband fast continuous frequency sweeping laser signals and a diagram of a 4×6 laser array chip.

[0031] The purpose of the i×j matrix multi-wavelength laser array light source is to generate broadband swept-frequency optical signals with continuously and rapidly changing wavelengths, and to output signals in order from small to large wavelengths at a certain fixed frequency step interval. Taking the 4×6 chip as an example, the laser array structure consists of a 4×6 series-parallel matrix distributed high-density monolithic integrated 24 multi-wavelength DFB unit laser array, which is then combined into an optical waveguide output through a two-stage cascaded 2-in-1 Y-branch active combined waveguide structure, and an SOA is integrated at the front end of the chip to balance the final output swept-frequency optical power. The wavelength of each unit laser is designed according to the 2nm wavelength interval of the laser grating wavelength ( =1520 nm, =1522 nm, =1524 nm, =1526 nm, =1528 nm, =1530 nm, =1532 nm, =1534 nm, =1536 nm, =1538 nm, =1540 nm, =1542 nm, =1544 nm, =1546 nm, =1548 nm, =1550 nm, =1552 nm, =1554 nm, =1556 nm, =1558 nm, =1560 nm, =1562 nm, =1564 nm, = 1566 nm), and then the corresponding unit laser is controlled by the matching laser hardware control circuit according to the wavelength to complete the wavelength scanning ( :1520 nm~1522 nm, :1522~1524 nm, :1524~1526 nm, :1526~1528 nm, :1528~1530 nm, :1530~1532 nm, :1532~1534 nm, :1534~1536 nm, :1536~1538 nm, :1538~1540 nm, :1540~1542 nm, :1542~1544 nm, :1544~1546 nm, :1546~1548 nm, :1548~1550nm, :1550~1552 nm, :1552~1554 nm, :1554~ 1556 nm, :1556~1558 nm, :1558~1560 nm, :1560~1562 nm, :1562~1564 nm, :1564~1566 nm, : 1566~1568 nm), covering a wavelength interval of 2nm and then switching to the next adjacent wavelength unit laser to continue scanning, and so on to complete the output of fast and continuous frequency-sweeping optical signals covering a wavelength range of 48nm from 1520 to 1568nm; then, in order to facilitate the real-time synchronous acquisition of the swept optical signal by the subsequent detection and acquisition system, the tunable laser signal after linear wavelength output conditioning is continuously scanned, but it outputs a trigger signal at a fixed frequency interval of 5Ghz (approximately equal to 8pm) to the acquisition system to match the synchronous acquisition.

[0032] like Figure 3 As shown, the present invention provides optical fiber grating FBG and micro-opto-electromechanical (MOMES) spectra in the same channel.

[0033] The FPGA compatible algorithm platform is mainly used for compatible demodulation of MOMES interferometric and FBG reflective sensors. MOMES interferometric sensors and FBG reflective sensors have different spectral characteristics, and the parameters used to calculate the physical quantities of the sensors are also different. The reflection spectrum of FBG mainly depends on the grating period and the effective refractive index neff of the reverse coupling mode. Any physical process that changes these two parameters will cause the drift of the grating Bragg wavelength, which is reflected in the movement of peaks and valleys in the spectrum. In this embodiment, 22 gratings with matching wavelengths of the array laser are selected and connected in series in a single channel. The design wavelength is =1524.5 nm, =1527.2 nm, =1529.1 nm, =1531.0 nm, =1532.9 nm, =1535.1 nm, =1537.0 nm, =1539.1 nm, =1541.2 nm, =1543.2 nm, =1545.3 nm, =1547.3 nm, =1549.2 nm, =1551.1 nm, =1553.2 nm, =1555.2 nm, =1557.2 nm, =1559.4 nm, =1561.3 nm, =1563.2 nm, =1565.0 nm, =1567.0 nm. This design is mainly based on the consideration that the sensor has a certain range, which corresponds to the wavelength movement range. The micro-optical electromechanical MOMES sensor is an interference sensor. The swept light of the specified frequency interval enters the optical fiber. Part of the light is reflected at the first reflection surface, and the other part of the light continues to propagate into the cavity of the FP cavity and is partially reflected at the second reflection end face. Part of the reflected light will reach the optical fiber end face again and interfere with the reflected light of the first end face. When the packaged sensor senses the external strain and temperature changes, the effective cavity length of the FP cavity will change, and the interference spectrum will change accordingly. The free spectrum range is determined by the cavity length. This patent uses a sensor cavity length of about 280um. Within the 48nm bandwidth range, 12 troughs can be observed, that is, 11 free spectrum ranges. Theoretically, the frequency spacing of the 11 free spectrum ranges is the same. In order to further improve the accuracy, the average value of the 11 free spectrum ranges is taken in the calculation.

[0034] like Figure 4 As shown, the present invention provides a compatibility algorithm software flow chart.

[0035] The main purpose of the FPGA compatible algorithm platform is to use the FPGA parallel computing function to realize the demodulation of the peak and the spacing between adjacent troughs. After the host computer sends the start command, the multi-wavelength array laser enters the scanning state and outputs the trigger signal according to the 5Ghz spacing (that is, approximately equal to 40pm). The FPGA chip drives the analog-to-digital conversion chip and waits for the trigger synchronization data of the laser array at the same time. Each time a trigger is received, an analog-to-digital conversion is performed, that is, the data of the fixed-spacing optical frequency is collected once. The first wavelength output by the laser array is 197225Ghz (1520.050nm). =197220Ghz, =197215Ghz, =197210Ghz,………, =191145Ghz (1568.403nm), and each 1216 acquisitions is a frequency sweep cycle, which constitutes a complete spectrum containing the reflection data of the FBG sensor array and the interference data of the MOMES sensor. Secondly, before data acquisition, the FPGA opens a FIFO space larger than the channel × 24Mbit. After each acquisition, the data is transmitted to the two FPGA_FIFO resources in real time, and the two FIFO resources containing the spectrum data are released in parallel. The spectrum data of the array FBG sensor will find the maximum point according to the set peak-finding threshold, and the data above the threshold will be found. , record the data of 4 sampling points offset to the left and right of the maximum point as the data required for peak search ( , , , , , , , , ), and the other way is to find the minimum point of the data below the threshold according to the set threshold , record the data of 4 sampling points offset to the left and right of the minimum point as the data required for peak search ( , , , , , , , , ), and finally, the two channels of data containing several peaks and several trough sampling points are fitted with binomial in parallel, and the wavelength data obtained is =1524.495 nm, =1527.167 nm, =1529.108 nm, =1531.011 nm, =1532.921 nm, =1535.081 nm, =1537.032 nm, =1539.105 nm, =1541.197 nm, =1543.208 nm, =1545.302 nm, =1547.350 nm, =1549.180 nm, =1551.113nm, =1553.231 nm, =1555.203 nm, =1557.265 nm, =1559.495 nm, =1561.384 nm, =1563.167 nm, =1565.034 nm, =1567.038 nm. The deviation between the measured peak data and the designed grating parameters is caused by the grating force and temperature changes during the grating writing process. The deviation is about 0.1nm. The frequency shift of a set of peak data represents the change of the corresponding FBG sensor array sensor. The continuous trough data is obtained as =1520.051 nm, =1524.201 nm, =1528.379 nm, =1532.575 nm, =1536.792 nm, =1541.041nm, =1545.299 nm, =1549.592 nm, =1553.892nm, =1558.239 nm, =1562.586 nm, =1566.982 nm, the trough spacing is 4.150nm, 4.178nm, 4.196nm, 4.217nm, 4.249nm, 4.258nm, 4.293nm, 4.300nm, 4.347nm, 4.347nm, 4.396nm, and the average is 4.266nm, which is the free spectral range.

[0036] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A MOMES and FBG fusion sensing system based on an adjustable laser array, characterized in that: It includes multi-wavelength tunable laser array light source, multi-channel planar optical waveguide split coupler, MOMES sensor, FBG sensor array, photodetector, logarithmic amplifier, analog-to-digital converter, FPGA compatible algorithm platform and host computer display platform; The laser output interface of the multi-wavelength tunable laser array light source is connected to the input end of the multi-path planar optical waveguide branch coupler; The output end of the multi-path planar optical waveguide branch coupler is connected to the FBG sensor array, and the end of the FBG sensor array is connected to the MOMES sensor; The return end of the multi-path planar optical waveguide branch coupler is sequentially connected to a photodetector, a logarithmic amplifier and an analog-to-digital converter; The digital signal output by the analog-to-digital converter is transmitted to the FPGA compatible algorithm platform; The multi-wavelength tunable laser array light source generates a frequency-sweeping optical signal with a continuously and rapidly variable wavelength, and the signal with a fixed step frequency interval is input into the input end of the multi-path planar optical waveguide branch coupler; The multi-path planar optical waveguide splitting coupler has M groups of 1×2 splitters inside, the incident light is first split into M paths, and then outputted by the M 1×2 splitters at the same time, one of the outputs of the splitter is connected to the FBG sensor array, and the MOMES sensor is connected to the end of the FBG sensor array, the light meeting the FBG reflection condition is first continuously reflected by the FBG sensor array to form a continuous FBG reflection spectrum, and finally enters the MOMES sensor at the end to form a continuous interference spectrum; The other output of the splitter is connected to the photodetector, which receives the continuous FBG reflection spectrum and the MOMES sensor interference spectrum. The received optical signal is first converted into an electrical signal, then amplified by a logarithmic amplifier, and then converted by an analog-to-digital converter, and finally output to the FPGA compatible algorithm platform. The FPGA-compatible algorithm platform processes data including reflection spectra and interference spectra in parallel to find peaks and troughs; the frequency shift of the peaks reflects the influence of temperature and strain changes on the FBG sensor array; the reflection signal of the Fabry-Perot interference spectrum is manifested as a continuous trough spectrum, and the center wavelength spacing of the trough spectrum represents the free spectrum range. The center wavelength spacing is converted into a change in the cavity length of the Fabry-Perot resonant cavity, and then converted into changes in strain and temperature. Finally, the host computer display platform displays the changes in strain and temperature in real time.

2. The MOMES and FBG fusion sensing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-wavelength tunable laser array light source is composed of a matrix multi-wavelength tunable laser array and a hardware control circuit thereof, and is used to generate a broadband frequency-sweep optical signal whose wavelength can be continuously and rapidly changed, and output the signal in order from small to large wavelength at a fixed frequency step interval.

3. The MOMES and FBG fusion sensing system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The matrix multi-wavelength tunable laser array is composed of i×j series-parallel matrix-distributed monolithically integrated multiple multi-wavelength distributed feedback unit laser arrays, which are combined into an optical waveguide output through a multi-stage cascaded 2-in-1 Y-branch active combined waveguide structure, and a semiconductor optical amplifier is integrated at the front end of the optical waveguide to balance the power of the output swept frequency optical signal.

4. The MOMES and FBG fusion sensing system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The wavelength of each unit laser sets the laser grating wavelength according to the preset wavelength interval. The laser hardware control circuit controls the corresponding unit laser according to the wavelength size to complete the wavelength scanning covering the wavelength interval at a fixed frequency step interval, and then switches to the next unit laser with an adjacent wavelength in sequence, and so on to complete the output of fast and continuous frequency scanning optical signals covering a broadband wavelength range.

5. The MOMES and FBG fusion sensing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The FPGA compatible algorithm platform is used to be compatible with MOMES interferometric sensors and FBG reflective sensors; The reflection spectrum of the FBG reflective sensor is determined by the grating characteristics, and a grating array with different reflection wavelengths is prepared according to different grating periods and refractive indices; The MOMES interference sensor forms a continuous interference spectrum according to the change of the interference cavity length.

6. The MOMES and FBG fusion sensing system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The FPGA-compatible algorithm platform utilizes the FPGA parallel computing function to realize the demodulation steps of the peak and the distance between adjacent troughs, including: The FPGA-compatible algorithm platform drives the analog-to-digital conversion chip to continuously collect data of optical frequencies at preset intervals. One frequency sweep cycle constitutes a spectrum containing the reflection data of the FBG sensor array and the interference data of the MOMES sensor. After each acquisition is completed, the data is transmitted to two FPGA_FIFO resources in real time. The two FIFO resources containing spectral data are released in parallel. One of them searches for the maximum point in the data higher than the first threshold according to the first threshold, and a total of 9 sampling values ​​offset by 4 sampling points to the left and right of the maximum point are recorded as the data required for peak finding. The other one searches for the minimum point in the data lower than the second threshold according to the second threshold, and a total of 9 sampling values ​​offset by 4 sampling points to the left and right of the minimum point are recorded as the data required for valley finding. Binomial fitting is performed on two data paths containing several peaks and several trough sampling points to obtain continuous peak data and continuous trough data. The frequency shift of the peak data represents the change of the corresponding FBG sensor array, and the data of the distance between consecutive adjacent troughs is the change of the interference cavity length.

7. The MOMES and FBG fusion sensing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The MOMES sensor and the FBG sensor array simultaneously utilize the peak and trough data of the spectrum to achieve synchronous demodulation of the FBG sensor array and the MOMES sensor in the same channel.

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