Ship flue gas desulfurization and decarburization system based on ultrasonic enhancement and adjustment method

Abstract

The invention relates to a ship flue gas desulfurization and decarburization system based on ultrasonic enhancement and an adjusting method.The ship flue gas desulfurization and decarburization system based on ultrasonic enhancement comprises a desulfurization mechanism, a decarburization mechanism and an analysis mechanism, and the flue gas output end of the desulfurization mechanism is connected with the flue gas input end of the decarburization mechanism; a lean amine input end of the decarburization mechanism is connected with a lean amine output end of the analysis mechanism, a rich amine input end of the analysis mechanism is connected with a rich amine output end of the decarburization mechanism, and ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer components are arranged in respective reaction areas of the desulfurization mechanism, the decarburization mechanism and the analysis mechanism. Therefore, the dispersion effect of corresponding reaction materials in the reaction area is accelerated, and the mass transfer efficiency of the corresponding reaction materials is further improved. Ultrasonic waves can improve the analysis rate of the rich amine solution and reduce the requirement for the equipment size.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ship desulfurization and decarbonization, and in particular to a ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization system based on ultrasonic enhancement and an adjustment method. Background Art

[0002] At present, traditional ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization systems use absorption towers or scrubbers to improve the gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency, usually relying on designs such as packed towers or spray towers. These towers increase the mass transfer efficiency by increasing the gas-liquid contact area. Common methods include using packing layers or increasing the gas-liquid contact time by spraying. However, these methods often result in larger tower equipment sizes, because in order to effectively improve the mass transfer efficiency, the tower needs to provide sufficient gas-liquid contact area and a longer reaction time, so that the height and diameter of the tower need to be increased accordingly, resulting in a larger footprint and volume of the equipment. This is particularly disadvantageous for space-constrained application scenarios such as ships. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the problem that the size of traditional ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization system equipment is increased in order to improve mass transfer efficiency, resulting in limited space on the ship, the present application provides a ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization system and adjustment method based on ultrasonic enhanced.

[0004] A system for desulfurization and decarbonization of ship flue gas based on ultrasonic enhancement, the system comprising a desulfurization mechanism, a decarbonization mechanism and a decomposition mechanism, the flue gas input end of the desulfurization mechanism is used to receive ship flue gas, the flue gas output end of the desulfurization mechanism is connected to the flue gas input end of the decarbonization mechanism, so as to receive the desulfurized flue gas converted from the ship flue gas in the desulfurization mechanism, the flue gas output end of the decarbonization mechanism is used to discharge the decarbonized flue gas converted from the desulfurized flue gas in the decarbonization mechanism, the lean amine input end of the decarbonization mechanism is connected to the lean amine output end of the decomposition mechanism, so as to receive the desulfurized flue gas converted from the desulfurized flue gas in the decarbonization mechanism, The desulfurization mechanism comprises a lean amine solution for reacting with the desulfurized flue gas, the analyzing mechanism is used for analyzing the rich amine solution to generate the lean amine solution, the rich amine input end of the analyzing mechanism is connected with the rich amine output end of the decarbonization mechanism, so that the analyzing mechanism receives the rich amine solution from the decarbonization mechanism, the rich amine solution in the decarbonization mechanism is generated by the reaction of the lean amine solution with the desulfurized flue gas, the desulfurization mechanism, the decarbonization mechanism and the analyzing mechanism are each provided with an ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer component in their respective reaction areas, the ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer component is used for emitting ultrasonic waves to accelerate the dispersion of the corresponding reaction materials in the reaction area, thereby improving the mass transfer efficiency of the corresponding reaction materials.

[0005] By adopting the above technical scheme, in order to solve the problems of excessive equipment volume and insufficient mass transfer efficiency in the traditional ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization system, the present application sets ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer components in each reaction area of ​​the desulfurization mechanism, decarbonization mechanism and analysis mechanism, and enhances the mass transfer efficiency of the gas-liquid interface by emitting ultrasonic signals, thereby accelerating the dispersion of the reaction materials. Specifically, the cavitation effect of ultrasound can effectively promote the generation and rupture of bubbles, increase the gas-liquid contact area, and increase the dissolution rate of gas in liquid, thereby accelerating the reaction process between desulfurized flue gas and liquid solvent (such as lean amine solution). In addition, ultrasound can also increase the analysis rate of rich amine solution, reduce the demand for equipment size, and optimize the mass transfer process, so that the desulfurization and decarbonization reaction can be carried out efficiently in a smaller reactor. In this way, not only the mass transfer efficiency is improved, but also the space occupied by the system is effectively reduced, making the system more suitable for space-constrained application scenarios such as ships.

[0006] Preferably, the ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer component includes a power supply and a plurality of first ultrasonic units, the plurality of first ultrasonic units are arranged in sequence from top to bottom on the reaction area, the first ultrasonic units include a power bus connected to the power supply, and ultrasonic series modules respectively connected to the power bus, the ultrasonic series modules include a plurality of ultrasonic elements for emitting ultrasonic waves.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solutions, the configuration of ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer components and the design of multi-stage ultrasonic units can ensure that the gas-liquid mixing reaction in each reaction area is more uniform and efficient. By precisely arranging ultrasonic units, energy can be evenly distributed in a small space, the mass transfer process can be optimized, the rate of dissolved gas can be increased, and the ultrasonic frequency and intensity can be dynamically adjusted to meet the needs under different reaction conditions, thereby greatly improving the gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency, and ultimately promoting the improvement of reaction speed and overall efficiency.

[0008] Preferably, the desulfurization mechanism includes a desulfurization tower, the flue gas input end of the desulfurization tower is used to receive ship flue gas and is located at the bottom of the desulfurization tower, the flue gas output end of the desulfurization tower is connected to the flue gas input end of the decarbonization mechanism and is located at the top of the desulfurization tower, the seawater input end of the desulfurization tower is located below the flue gas output end of the desulfurization tower and is used to receive seawater, the seawater output end of the desulfurization tower is located below the flue gas input end of the desulfurization tower and is used to discharge seawater that has reacted with the ship flue gas, in the reaction area of ​​the desulfurization tower, the ship flue gas forms flue gas bubbles flowing from bottom to top in the seawater, and the flue gas bubbles are dispersed into smaller differentiated bubbles by the ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer component, so as to contact and react with the seawater flowing from top to bottom.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, the flue gas is input through the bottom of the desulfurization tower and interacts with seawater to form flue gas bubbles. These bubbles are dispersed into smaller differentiated bubbles through the action of the ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer component, increasing the contact area and reaction efficiency of the gas-liquid interface. Therefore, the application of ultrasound not only enhances the mass transfer efficiency of the gas-liquid reaction, but also improves the desulfurization effect by dispersing the bubbles. In addition, the flow direction of the flue gas and seawater also optimizes the contact process between the gas and the liquid, thereby improving the efficiency of the entire desulfurization process.

[0010] Preferably, the flue gas input end of the desulfurization tower includes four branch ports, which are installed on the bottom of the desulfurization tower along the circumferential side of the desulfurization tower and are arranged opposite to each other in pairs. When the ship flue gas enters the desulfurization tower through the branch ports, a vortex is formed, and then a preliminary mixing reaction is carried out with the seawater.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the vortex effect formed when the flue gas in the desulfurization tower enters the tower body through multiple branch ports helps to strengthen the gas-liquid contact in the initial stage and promote the full mixing of the flue gas and seawater. In this way, not only the efficiency of the initial mixing is improved, but also the size of the bubbles is further refined through the assistance of the ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer component, ensuring that the flue gas can be evenly distributed throughout the tower, improving the desulfurization efficiency, reducing the height and volume of the tower body, and thus effectively reducing the size of the equipment.

[0012] Preferably, the decarbonization mechanism includes a decarbonization tower, the decomposition mechanism includes a decomposition tower, and the ultrasonic enhanced ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization system also includes a first circulation pump, a heat exchanger and a second circulation pump. The rich amine output end of the decarbonization tower is located at the bottom of the decarbonization tower and is connected to the input end of the first circulation pump, the output end of the first circulation pump is connected to the rich amine input end of the heat exchanger, the rich amine output end of the heat exchanger is connected to the rich amine input end of the decomposition tower, the rich amine input end of the decomposition tower is located at the top of the decomposition tower, the lean amine output end of the decomposition tower is located at the bottom of the decomposition tower and is connected to the input end of the second circulation pump, the output end of the second circulation pump is connected to the lean amine input end of the heat exchanger, the lean amine output end of the heat exchanger is connected to the lean amine input end of the decarbonization tower, and the lean amine input end of the decarbonization tower is located at the top of the decarbonization tower.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the layout of the first circulation pump, the heat exchanger and the second circulation pump can effectively control the circulation flow and heat exchange process of the rich amine solution. By accurately controlling the temperature and flow of the solution, the desorption efficiency of the rich amine solution in the desorption tower can be further improved, ensuring the rapid release of carbon dioxide in the solution and the regeneration of the solution. Through effective energy utilization and material circulation, the system can reduce energy consumption while improving mass transfer efficiency and reaction speed, and reducing the size requirements of the equipment.

[0014] Preferably, a first liquid level sensor is provided on the analysis tower, and the lean amine output end of the analysis tower is connected to the input end of the second circulation pump via a first regulating valve, and the first regulating valve is electrically connected to the first liquid level sensor.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the liquid level of the analytical tower can be accurately controlled. Through the liquid level feedback system, the liquid flow rate and reaction rate can be adjusted in real time to ensure that the rich amine solution in the analytical process is always maintained at the optimal concentration, thereby improving the analytical efficiency. At the same time, ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer technology can accelerate the analytical speed of the rich amine solution in the liquid phase and improve the processing capacity and operating efficiency of the overall analytical tower.

[0016] Preferably, the analysis mechanism also includes a reboiler and an ultrasonic enhanced heat transfer component, the input end of the reboiler is connected to the lean amine output end of the analysis tower, the output end of the reboiler is connected to the reboiler input end of the analysis tower, the reboiler receives and heats the unreacted rich amine solution from the analysis tower, thereby obtaining the heated rich amine solution, and outputs it to the analysis tower through the output end of the reboiler, and the ultrasonic enhanced heat transfer component includes a plurality of second ultrasonic units arranged sequentially on the inner side of the reboiler.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the application of the ultrasonic enhanced heat transfer component in the reboiler can accelerate the release of carbon dioxide in the rich amine solution, and further improve the mass transfer efficiency of the solution through the action of ultrasound. Through the cavitation effect of ultrasound, the carbon dioxide-amine complex in the rich amine solution can be quickly decomposed, the release rate of carbon dioxide is enhanced, thereby improving the decomposition efficiency and reducing the volume requirement of the equipment in the system.

[0018] Preferably, a second liquid level sensor is provided on the reboiler, and the lean amine output end of the analytical tower is connected to the input end of the reboiler via a second regulating valve, and the second regulating valve is electrically connected to the second liquid level sensor.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the liquid level of the rich amine solution in the desorption tower can be ensured to be stable, thereby improving the recycling rate of the solution and the desorption efficiency. The design optimizes the liquid flow control, avoids the flow of too much or too little rich amine solution in the system, ensures that the reaction and regeneration process in the desorption tower is efficient and stable, and the application of ultrasound ensures the rapid progress of the gas-liquid reaction, improving the stability and performance of the overall system.

[0020] An adjustment method for a ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization system based on ultrasonic enhancement is applied to a ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization system based on ultrasonic enhancement. The adjustment method includes: Determine an expected data set for each reaction area, wherein the expected data set includes expected efficiency data at a plurality of consecutive time points and a confidence threshold for each of the expected efficiency data; According to the expected data set, draw a time-efficiency polyline layer, and an expected line and a confidence line located on the time-efficiency polyline layer; Acquire efficiency-related data in real time, and draw a real-time line on the time-efficiency polyline layer according to the efficiency-related data; If the real-time line crosses the expected line, a corresponding ultrasonic adjustment operation is performed, wherein the ultrasonic adjustment operation includes a frequency adjustment operation and an intensity adjustment operation; If the real-time line crosses the confidence line, a corresponding alarm operation is performed, and a corresponding interaction window is pushed, interaction information of the interaction window is acquired in real time, and a corresponding ultrasonic adjustment operation is performed according to the interaction information.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, the frequency and intensity of ultrasound are adjusted according to real-time monitoring data and feedback signals to ensure that the reaction rate remains within the optimal range. Through automatic adjustment of ultrasound, the reaction process can be accurately optimized to avoid energy waste or over-fast reaction, and improve the operational stability and processing efficiency of the system.

[0022] Preferably, according to the efficiency association data, the step of drawing a real-time line on the time-efficiency polyline layer includes: At least determining the monitoring time period t, the concentration change value ΔC of the dissolved gas in the liquid phase within the monitoring time period, and the gas-liquid contact area A in the efficiency correlation data; According to the monitoring time period t, the concentration change value △C and the gas-liquid contact area A, the gasification mass transfer efficiency k is calculated using the following formula: ; The monitoring time period is matched with the time point on the time-efficiency polyline layer, corresponding real-time marks are drawn on the time-efficiency polyline layer, and each of the real-time marks is connected to generate a real-time line.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, the change of gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency can be accurately calculated, and the frequency and intensity can be precisely adjusted through the ultrasonic control system. By comparing the time and efficiency line graph, the reaction conditions can be fed back and optimized in real time to ensure that the ultrasonic effect is always maintained in the best state, thereby improving the operating efficiency and energy efficiency of the entire ship desulfurization and decarbonization system.

[0024] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: In order to solve the problems of excessive equipment volume and insufficient mass transfer efficiency in traditional ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization systems, this application sets ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer components in each reaction area of ​​the desulfurization mechanism, decarbonization mechanism and analysis mechanism, and enhances the mass transfer efficiency of the gas-liquid interface by emitting ultrasonic signals, thereby accelerating the dispersion of the reaction materials. Specifically, the cavitation effect of ultrasound can effectively promote the generation and rupture of bubbles, increase the gas-liquid contact area, and increase the dissolution rate of gas in liquid, thereby accelerating the reaction process between desulfurized flue gas and liquid solvent (such as lean amine solution). In addition, ultrasound can also increase the analysis rate of rich amine solution, reduce the demand for equipment size, and optimize the mass transfer process, so that the desulfurization and decarbonization reactions can be carried out efficiently in smaller reactors. In this way, not only the mass transfer efficiency is improved, but also the space occupied by the system is effectively reduced, making the system more suitable for space-constrained application scenarios such as ships. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 This is a structural flow chart of a system for ultrasonic enhanced ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization in one embodiment of the present application.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the specific structure of a system for ultrasonic enhanced ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization in one embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure between a branch pipe opening and a desulfurization tower in a system for ultrasonic enhanced ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization in one embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 This is a flow chart of an adjustment method of a ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization system based on ultrasonic enhanced in one embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 It is a flow chart for implementing step S50 in a system for ultrasonic enhanced ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization in one embodiment of the present application.

[0027] Description of reference numerals: 1. Desulfurization mechanism; 11. Desulfurization tower; 12. Branch port; 2. Decarbonization mechanism; 21. Decarbonization tower; 3. Analysis mechanism; 31. Analysis tower; 32. First liquid level sensor; 33. Reboiler; 34. Second ultrasonic unit; 35. First regulating valve; 36. Second liquid level sensor; 37. Second regulating valve; 4. Ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer component; 41. Power supply; 42. First ultrasonic unit; 421. Power bus; 422. Ultrasonic element; 5. First circulation pump; 6. Heat exchanger; 7. Second circulation pump. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0029] In one embodiment, if Figure 1 As shown, the present application discloses a system for desulfurization and decarbonization of ship flue gas based on ultrasonic enhancement, which specifically includes a desulfurization mechanism 1, a decarbonization mechanism 2 and a decomposition mechanism 3, wherein the flue gas input end of the desulfurization mechanism 1 is used to receive ship flue gas, the flue gas output end of the desulfurization mechanism 1 is connected to the flue gas input end of the decarbonization mechanism 2, so as to receive the desulfurized flue gas converted from the ship flue gas in the desulfurization mechanism 1, the flue gas output end of the decarbonization mechanism 2 is used to discharge the decarbonized flue gas converted from the desulfurized flue gas in the decarbonization mechanism 2, the lean amine input end of the decarbonization mechanism 2 is connected to the lean amine output end of the decomposition mechanism 3, so as to receive the lean amine reacting with the desulfurized flue gas. Amine solution, the analyzing mechanism 3 is used to analyze the rich amine solution to generate the lean amine solution, the rich amine input end of the analyzing mechanism 3 is connected to the rich amine output end of the decarbonization mechanism 2, so that the analyzing mechanism 3 receives the rich amine solution from the decarbonization mechanism 2, and the rich amine solution in the decarbonization mechanism 2 is generated by the reaction of the lean amine solution and the desulfurized flue gas, and the desulfurization mechanism 1, the decarbonization mechanism 2 and the analyzing mechanism 3 are each provided with an ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer component 4 in their respective reaction areas, and the ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer component 4 is used to emit ultrasonic waves to accelerate the dispersion of the corresponding reaction materials in the reaction area, thereby improving the mass transfer efficiency of the corresponding reaction materials.

[0030] In this embodiment, in the ultrasonic enhanced ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization system, the port connection relationship and control logic between the modules work closely together to ensure the efficient implementation of the flue gas treatment process. First, the flue gas input end of the desulfurization mechanism 1 receives the high-temperature flue gas from the ship engine, and transports the treated desulfurized flue gas to the flue gas input end of the decarbonization mechanism 2 through the flue gas output end of the desulfurization mechanism 1. In the desulfurization mechanism 1, the flue gas reacts with seawater to remove sulfur dioxide in the flue gas, thereby generating desulfurized flue gas. The desulfurized flue gas enters the decarbonization mechanism 2 through the flue gas output end of the desulfurization mechanism 1, and further removes carbon dioxide in the mechanism, converts it into decarbonized flue gas, and finally discharges it through the flue gas output end of the decarbonization mechanism 2. During the working process of the decarbonization mechanism 2, the lean amine solution reacts with the desulfurized flue gas, absorbs carbon dioxide to generate a rich amine solution. The lean amine input end is connected to the lean amine output end of the analysis mechanism 3 through a pipeline, and the analysis mechanism 3 is responsible for analyzing the rich amine solution to restore the lean amine solution. The resolved rich amine solution enters the rich amine output end of the decarbonization mechanism 2 through the rich amine input end of the resolution mechanism 3 to continue the decarbonization reaction. The resolution mechanism 3 accelerates the release of carbon dioxide in the rich amine solution by heating and ultrasonic waves, thereby generating a renewable lean amine solution. In order to enhance the reaction efficiency and improve the gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency, the reaction areas of the desulfurization mechanism 1, the decarbonization mechanism 2 and the resolution mechanism 3 are all provided with ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer components 4. These ultrasonic components accelerate the generation and dispersion of bubbles in the liquid by emitting ultrasonic signals and utilizing the cavitation effect and bubble rupture effect of ultrasonic waves, thereby increasing the mass transfer rate at the gas-liquid interface and improving the material exchange efficiency of each reaction area. For example, in the desulfurization mechanism 1, the action of ultrasonic waves can accelerate the mixing of flue gas and seawater, so that sulfur dioxide is quickly dissolved in seawater; in the decarbonization mechanism 2, ultrasonic waves help the rich amine solution to react more efficiently with the desulfurized flue gas, thereby improving the absorption efficiency of carbon dioxide; in the resolution mechanism 3, the application of ultrasonic waves accelerates the resolution rate of the rich amine solution, so that carbon dioxide can be released and discharged from the solution more quickly. The system achieves close collaboration of various modules through precise port connections and control logic, ensuring the high efficiency of the ship's flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization process from flue gas treatment, solution circulation to ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer, optimizing space utilization, and improving the system's processing capacity and economy.

[0031] In summary, in order to solve the problems of excessive equipment volume and insufficient mass transfer efficiency in the traditional ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization system, the present application sets an ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer component 4 in each reaction area of ​​the desulfurization mechanism 1, the decarbonization mechanism 2 and the analysis mechanism 3, and enhances the mass transfer efficiency of the gas-liquid interface by emitting an ultrasonic signal, thereby accelerating the dispersion of the reaction materials. Specifically, the cavitation effect of ultrasound can effectively promote the generation and rupture of bubbles, increase the gas-liquid contact area, and increase the dissolution rate of gas in liquid, thereby accelerating the reaction process between desulfurized flue gas and liquid solvent (such as lean amine solution). In addition, ultrasound can also increase the analysis rate of rich amine solution, reduce the demand for equipment size, and optimize the mass transfer process, so that the desulfurization and decarbonization reaction can be carried out efficiently in a smaller reactor. In this way, not only the mass transfer efficiency is improved, but also the space occupied by the system is effectively reduced, making the system more suitable for space-constrained application scenarios such as ships.

[0032] Further, such as Figure 2 As shown, the ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer component 4 includes a power supply 41 and a plurality of first ultrasonic units 42, and the plurality of first ultrasonic units 42 are arranged in sequence from top to bottom on the reaction area, and the first ultrasonic units 42 include a power bus 421 connected to the power supply 41, and ultrasonic series modules respectively connected to the power bus 421, and the ultrasonic series modules include a plurality of ultrasonic elements 422 for emitting ultrasonic waves.

[0033] In this embodiment, the ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer component 4 achieves the enhancement of gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency through precise port connection and module configuration. The power supply 41 provides the required energy for the entire system, and the power supply 41 is connected to multiple first ultrasonic units 42 through a power bus 421 to ensure that the ultrasonic units can obtain a stable supply of power 41. The first ultrasonic unit 42 includes an ultrasonic series module connected to the power bus 421, which is responsible for transmitting the power supply 41 signal to each ultrasonic element 422. Multiple ultrasonic units are arranged in the reaction area from top to bottom in sequence to ensure that the energy of the ultrasonic wave can evenly cover the reaction area and enhance the mass transfer efficiency of the gas-liquid interface. Each ultrasonic unit is connected to the power bus 421 through an ultrasonic series module to ensure that the intensity and frequency of the ultrasonic wave are coordinated and adjusted in the system. By arranging the ultrasonic element 422 at different positions in the reaction area, the mass transfer effect in the reaction area can be optimized, especially the high-frequency ultrasonic wave emitted by the ultrasonic element 422 will cause cavitation effect and bubble rupture in the liquid, increase the gas-liquid contact area, and thus accelerate the dissolution and reaction rate of the reactant. In the whole system, the function of the ultrasonic element 422 is to enhance the contact and reaction of gas and liquid, improve the mass transfer efficiency, and promote the rapid exchange of dissolved gas by rapidly vibrating bubbles, so as to ensure the high efficiency of the reaction. Therefore, the connection between the power supply 41 and the power bus 421, the connection between the ultrasonic unit and the ultrasonic series module, and the layout of the ultrasonic element 422 are closely coordinated to ensure the effective transmission and distribution of ultrasonic energy, thereby improving the mass transfer efficiency in each reaction area and promoting the optimized operation of the whole system. The ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer component 4 is respectively arranged in the reaction area of ​​the desulfurization tower 11 in the desulfurization mechanism 1, the reaction area of ​​the decarbonization tower 21 in the decarbonization mechanism 2, and the reaction area of ​​the desorption tower 31 in the desorption mechanism 3.

[0034] In summary, the configuration of the ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer component 4 and the design of the multi-stage ultrasonic unit can ensure that the gas-liquid mixing reaction in each reaction area is more uniform and efficient. By precisely arranging the ultrasonic units, it is possible to evenly distribute energy in a small space, optimize the mass transfer process, increase the rate of dissolved gas, and dynamically adjust the ultrasonic frequency and intensity to meet the needs under different reaction conditions, thereby greatly improving the gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency, and ultimately promoting the improvement of reaction speed and overall efficiency.

[0035] Further, such as Figure 2As shown, the desulfurization mechanism 1 includes a desulfurization tower 11, the flue gas input end of the desulfurization tower 11 is used to receive ship flue gas and is located at the bottom of the desulfurization tower 11, the flue gas output end of the desulfurization tower 11 is connected to the flue gas input end of the decarbonization mechanism 2 and is located at the top of the desulfurization tower 11, the seawater input end of the desulfurization tower 11 is located below the flue gas output end of the desulfurization tower 11 and is used to receive seawater, the seawater output end of the desulfurization tower 11 is located below the flue gas input end of the desulfurization tower 11 and is used to discharge the seawater that has reacted with the ship flue gas, in the reaction area of ​​the desulfurization tower 11, the ship flue gas forms flue gas bubbles flowing from bottom to top in the seawater, and the flue gas bubbles are dispersed into smaller differentiated bubbles through the ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer component 4 to contact and react with the seawater flowing from top to bottom.

[0036] In this embodiment, the desulfurization tower 11 of the desulfurization mechanism 1 enables efficient desulfurization of ship flue gas through precise port connection and fluid design. The flue gas input end of the desulfurization tower 11 is located at the bottom of the tower, which is used to receive the flue gas discharged by the ship engine. The flue gas enters the tower through the input end and rises along the reaction area in the tower. After the flue gas is treated, it is discharged through the flue gas output end of the desulfurization tower 11. The output end is located at the top of the tower and is connected to the flue gas input end of the decarbonization mechanism 2 to ensure that the desulfurized flue gas can smoothly flow into the decarbonization mechanism 2 for subsequent carbon dioxide removal. In the desulfurization tower 11, the seawater input end is located below the flue gas output end, which is used to receive seawater. The seawater enters the tower through the input end, reacts with the flue gas, and removes sulfur dioxide in the flue gas. The reacted seawater is discharged through the seawater output end of the desulfurization tower 11. The output end is located at the bottom of the tower and is used to discharge the seawater that has reacted with the flue gas. In the reaction area of ​​the desulfurization tower 11, the flue gas contacts the seawater and forms bubbles. In order to improve the reaction efficiency, the ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer component 4 promotes the dispersion of bubbles by emitting ultrasonic waves, so that the originally larger flue gas bubbles are broken up into smaller bubbles. These differentiated bubbles have a higher surface area, which makes the gas-liquid contact more complete, thereby accelerating the dissolution of sulfur dioxide in the flue gas and its absorption by seawater. Through the action of ultrasonic waves, the size and distribution of the bubbles become more uniform, which improves the mass transfer efficiency between gas and liquid. In this process, the generation of flue gas bubbles and the action of ultrasonic waves work together to increase the dissolution rate of the bubbles, thereby accelerating the process of the desulfurization reaction. At the same time, the flow direction of seawater is from top to bottom, which ensures that the seawater is in full contact with the flue gas in the tower, and the ultrasonic waves act on the bubbles to disperse the bubbles in the seawater and react with the seawater more effectively, thereby improving the efficiency and rate of the reaction. Through this optimized structure and ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer effect, the desulfurization tower 11 can achieve efficient desulfurization treatment with a smaller equipment volume, reduce space occupancy, and adapt to the limited space requirements of ships.

[0037] In summary, the flue gas is input through the bottom of the desulfurization tower 11 and interacts with seawater to form flue gas bubbles. These bubbles are dispersed into smaller differentiated bubbles through the action of the ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer component 4, increasing the contact area and reaction efficiency of the gas-liquid interface. Therefore, the application of ultrasound not only enhances the mass transfer efficiency of the gas-liquid reaction, but also improves the desulfurization effect by dispersing the bubbles. In addition, the flow direction of the flue gas and seawater also optimizes the contact process between the gas and the liquid, thereby improving the efficiency of the entire desulfurization process.

[0038] Further, such as Figure 2-Figure 3 As shown, the flue gas input end of the desulfurization tower 11 includes four branch ports 12, and the four branch ports 12 are installed on the bottom of the desulfurization tower 11 along the circumferential side of the desulfurization tower 11, and are arranged opposite to each other in pairs. When the ship flue gas enters the desulfurization tower 11 through the branch port 12, a vortex is formed, and then a preliminary mixing reaction is carried out with seawater.

[0039] In this embodiment, the flue gas input end is composed of four branch ports 12, which are installed at the bottom of the tower along the circumference of the desulfurization tower 11, and every two branch ports 12 are arranged opposite to each other. Through this layout, when the ship's flue gas enters the desulfurization tower 11, due to the lateral distribution of the branch ports 12, the flue gas flow path is divided into four paths, forming a vortex. The formation of this vortex can effectively change the flow pattern of the flue gas, so that the flue gas is more evenly distributed in the reaction zone and undergoes a preliminary mixing reaction with the seawater. The action of the vortex enhances the contact between gas and liquid, promotes the initial reaction of sulfur dioxide in the flue gas with dissolved substances in seawater, and thus improves the desulfurization efficiency. In this process, the generation of the vortex not only optimizes the contact surface between the flue gas and the seawater, but also further enhances the generation and dispersion of bubbles through the cooperation of ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer, so that the gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency in the reaction zone is improved. Through this design, the flow of flue gas inside the desulfurization tower 11 is smoother and more uniform, which helps to increase the reaction rate between gas and liquid, thereby improving the overall efficiency of the desulfurization process. At the same time, the decarbonization tower 21 in the decarbonization mechanism 2 also adopts this technical feature to carry out preliminary mixing of the reaction materials. The principle and structure are consistent, so I will not go into details here.

[0040] In summary, the vortex effect formed when the flue gas in the desulfurization tower 11 enters the tower body through multiple branch ports 12 helps to strengthen the gas-liquid contact in the initial stage and promote the full mixing of the flue gas and seawater. In this way, not only the efficiency of the initial mixing is improved, but also the size of the bubbles is further refined through the assistance of the ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer component 4, ensuring that the flue gas can be evenly distributed in the entire tower, improving the desulfurization efficiency, reducing the height and volume of the tower body, and thus effectively reducing the size of the equipment.

[0041] Further, such as Figure 2As shown, the decarbonization mechanism 2 includes a decarbonization tower 21, and the analysis mechanism 3 includes a analysis tower 31. The system for ultrasonic enhanced ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization also includes a first circulating pump 5, a heat exchanger 6 and a second circulating pump 7. The rich amine output end of the decarbonization tower 21 is located at the bottom of the decarbonization tower 21 and is connected to the input end of the first circulating pump 5. The output end of the first circulating pump 5 is connected to the rich amine input end of the heat exchanger 6. The rich amine output end of the heat exchanger 6 is connected to the rich amine input end of the analysis tower 31. The rich amine input end of the analysis tower 31 is located at the top of the analysis tower 31. The lean amine output end of the analysis tower 31 is located at the bottom of the analysis tower 31 and is connected to the input end of the second circulating pump 7. The output end of the second circulating pump 7 is connected to the lean amine input end of the heat exchanger 6. The lean amine output end of the heat exchanger 6 is connected to the lean amine input end of the decarbonization tower 21. The lean amine input end of the decarbonization tower 21 is located at the top of the decarbonization tower 21.

[0042] In the present embodiment, the decarbonization tower 21 of the decarbonization mechanism 2 is tightly connected to the desolvation tower 31 of the desolvation mechanism 3 through a series of pipelines and pump systems to form a closed-loop fluid circulation system, which ensures that the rich amine solution can continue to participate in the decarbonization reaction and regenerate. First, the rich amine output end of the decarbonization tower 21 is located at the bottom of the tower and is connected to the input end of the first circulation pump 5. The rich amine solution is pumped from the bottom of the decarbonization tower 21 to the rich amine input end of the heat exchanger 6. In the heat exchanger 6, the rich amine solution will exchange heat with other fluids, and the temperature of the rich amine solution will be adjusted by heating or cooling to optimize the desolvation process. After heat exchange, the rich amine output end of the heat exchanger 6 transports the rich amine solution to the rich amine input end of the desolvation tower 31, and the rich amine input end of the desolvation tower 31 is located at the top of the tower, ensuring that the rich amine solution can flow in from the top and start to react with carbon dioxide for desolvation. In the analysis tower 31, the rich amine solution reacts with carbon dioxide to form a rich amine complex. The lean amine solution after the reaction flows out from the bottom of the tower through the lean amine output end of the analysis tower 31 and flows to the input end of the second circulation pump 7. This pump pumps the lean amine solution back to the lean amine input end of the heat exchanger 6, adjusts the temperature of the lean amine solution through heat exchange, and prepares to enter the decarbonization tower 21 again for carbon dioxide absorption. Finally, the lean amine output end of the heat exchanger 6 sends the adjusted lean amine solution to the lean amine input end of the decarbonization tower 21, which is located at the top of the decarbonization tower 21 to ensure that the lean amine solution can be smoothly distributed and react with the desulfurized flue gas to absorb carbon dioxide. Through this series of connections and control logic, the system realizes efficient circulation and regeneration of the rich amine solution, while ensuring precise control of the solution temperature to optimize the decarbonization process. The functions of each module are closely coordinated. The first circulation pump 5 and the second circulation pump 7 jointly maintain the flow of the solution, the heat exchanger 6 is responsible for adjusting the temperature of the solution, and the decomposition tower 31 completes the decomposition reaction of the rich amine solution. This closed-loop design enables the decarbonization process to operate stably and efficiently, and maximizes the absorption and decomposition capabilities of the solution, reducing energy consumption and material waste.

[0043] In summary, the layout of the first circulation pump 5, the heat exchanger 6 and the second circulation pump 7 can effectively control the circulation flow and heat exchange process of the rich amine solution. By accurately controlling the temperature and flow rate of the solution, the decomposition efficiency of the rich amine solution in the decomposition tower 31 can be further improved, ensuring the rapid release of carbon dioxide in the solution and the regeneration of the solution. Through effective energy utilization and material circulation, the system can reduce energy consumption while improving mass transfer efficiency and reaction speed, and reducing the size requirements of the equipment.

[0044] Further, such as Figure 2 As shown, the analysis tower 31 is provided with a first liquid level sensor 32 , and the lean amine output end of the analysis tower 31 is connected to the input end of the second circulation pump 7 via a first regulating valve 35 , and the first regulating valve 35 is electrically connected to the first liquid level sensor 32 .

[0045] In this embodiment, a first liquid level sensor 32 is provided on the analytical tower 31, and the function of the sensor is to monitor the liquid level of the lean amine solution in the analytical tower 31 in real time to ensure that the flow and reaction process of the solution are always within a suitable liquid level range. The first liquid level sensor 32 is electrically connected to the first regulating valve 35 to form an automatic adjustment system. When the liquid level sensor detects that the liquid level is too high or too low, it will send a signal to the first regulating valve 35 to adjust the flow of the solution, keep the liquid level within a preset safety range, prevent overflow or too low liquid level, and affect the subsequent decarbonization and analytical reaction process. The lean amine output end of the analytical tower 31 is connected to the input end of the second circulation pump 7 through the first regulating valve 35, and the liquid flows out of the analytical tower 31 and enters the second circulation pump 7 to ensure that the lean amine solution can be pumped to the heat exchanger 6 for temperature adjustment. The function of the first regulating valve 35 is to control the lean amine flow rate according to the feedback of the liquid level sensor, thereby adjusting the input of the circulation pump to avoid excessive or too small solution flow rate affecting the working efficiency of the entire system. Through this control logic, the system can achieve precise regulation of the solution level and flow rate, ensuring stable solution supply and smooth reaction during the analysis process, and optimizing solution recycling and temperature management to improve the overall efficiency and stability of the system.

[0046] In summary, it is possible to achieve precise control of the liquid level of the analysis tower 31. Through the liquid level feedback system, the liquid flow rate and reaction rate can be adjusted in real time to ensure that the rich amine solution in the analysis process is always maintained at the optimal concentration, thereby improving the analysis efficiency. At the same time, the ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer technology can accelerate the analysis speed of the rich amine solution in the liquid phase and improve the processing capacity and operation efficiency of the overall analysis tower 31.

[0047] Further, such as Figure 2 As shown, the analysis mechanism 3 also includes a reboiler 33 and an ultrasonic enhanced heat transfer component, the input end of the reboiler 33 is connected to the lean amine output end of the analysis tower 31, and the output end of the reboiler 33 is connected to the reboiler input end of the analysis tower 31, the reboiler 33 receives and heats the unreacted rich amine solution from the analysis tower 31, thereby obtaining the heated rich amine solution, and outputs it to the analysis tower 31 through the output end of the reboiler 33, and the ultrasonic enhanced heat transfer component includes a plurality of second ultrasonic units 34 arranged in sequence on the inner side of the reboiler 33.

[0048] In this embodiment, the decomposition mechanism 3 includes a reboiler 33 and an ultrasonic enhanced heat transfer component, which work together to improve the decomposition efficiency of the rich amine solution. The input end of the reboiler 33 is connected to the lean amine output end of the decomposition tower 31, and the lean amine solution flows out of the decomposition tower 31 and enters the reboiler 33 to prepare for heating and regeneration. The reboiler 33 heats the unreacted rich amine solution to make its temperature reach the optimal level required for the decomposition reaction. The heated rich amine solution is output through the output end of the reboiler 33, enters the reboiler input end of the decomposition tower 31, and re-enters the decomposition tower 31 to ensure that the rich amine solution can continue to react with carbon dioxide and improve the decomposition efficiency. In addition, the ultrasonic enhanced heat transfer component includes a plurality of second ultrasonic units 34, which are arranged in sequence on the inner side of the reboiler 33. The ultrasonic unit generates a cavitation effect in the rich amine solution by emitting high-frequency ultrasonic waves, enhancing the bubble generation and gas-liquid contact area in the solution, thereby accelerating the release of carbon dioxide in the rich amine solution and the decomposition of the rich amine complex. The effect of ultrasound not only speeds up the decomposition process, but also improves the heat transfer efficiency of the reboiler 33, ensuring that the reaction rate in the decomposition tower 31 can be maintained within the high-efficiency range. This design adds a second ultrasonic unit 34 to the reboiler 33, so that the decomposition process of the rich amine solution not only benefits from the increase in temperature, but also accelerates the release and dissolution of gas through the ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer effect, thereby improving the overall reaction efficiency. Through the close cooperation between the reboiler 33 and the ultrasonic mass transfer components, the system can efficiently recover and reuse the rich amine solution while ensuring the continuity and stability of the decarbonization process.

[0049] In summary, the application of the ultrasonic enhanced heat transfer component in the reboiler 33 can accelerate the release of carbon dioxide in the rich amine solution and further improve the mass transfer efficiency of the solution through the action of ultrasound. The cavitation effect of ultrasound can quickly decompose the carbon dioxide-amine complex in the rich amine solution, enhance the release rate of carbon dioxide, thereby improving the decomposition efficiency and reducing the volume requirement of the equipment in the system.

[0050] Further, such as Figure 2 As shown, the reboiler 33 is provided with a second liquid level sensor 36 , the lean amine output end of the analytical tower 31 is connected to the input end of the reboiler 33 via a second regulating valve 37 , and the second regulating valve 37 is electrically connected to the second liquid level sensor 36 .

[0051] In this embodiment, the design of the reboiler 33 includes a second liquid level sensor 36 and a second regulating valve 37, which work together to control the liquid level and adjust the solution flow rate. The lean amine output end of the analytical tower 31 is connected to the input end of the reboiler 33 through the second regulating valve 37, and the lean amine solution flows into the reboiler 33 through this connection for heating and analytical process. The function of the second regulating valve 37 is to adjust the flow of the lean amine solution according to the real-time monitored liquid level signal to ensure that the liquid level in the reboiler 33 remains within a predetermined range to prevent overflow or insufficiency, thereby ensuring the stability and efficiency of the analytical process. The regulating valve is electrically connected to the second liquid level sensor 36 to monitor the liquid level changes in the reboiler 33 in real time. When the liquid level is too high, the liquid level sensor will send a signal to the second regulating valve 37 to automatically adjust the valve opening to reduce the amount of lean amine solution flowing into the reboiler 33; if the liquid level is too low, the regulating valve will increase the flow to ensure that enough solution enters the reboiler 33 for heating. Through this control strategy, the system can accurately control the solution flow and liquid level, ensuring that the solution in the reboiler 33 is resolved within the optimal temperature and liquid level range, thereby improving the resolution efficiency and maintaining smooth and efficient operation of the reaction.

[0052] In summary, the liquid level of the rich amine solution in the analysis tower 31 can be ensured to be stable, thereby improving the recycling rate of the solution and the analysis efficiency. The design optimizes the liquid flow control, avoids the flow of too much or too little rich amine solution in the system, ensures that the reaction and regeneration process in the analysis tower 31 is efficient and stable, and the application of ultrasound ensures the rapid progress of the gas-liquid reaction, improving the stability and performance of the overall system.

[0053] Specifically, after the sulfur-containing flue gas comes out from the engine, it enters a bidirectional cyclone desulfurization bubbling tower, i.e., the desulfurization tower 11. The sulfur-containing ship flue gas is divided into four pipelines at the bottom of the tower, which are distributed laterally on the desulfurization tower 11 in pairs. Since the pipelines are installed laterally opposite to each other, when the flue gas is introduced, it will mix with the seawater in the tower in the cyclone gas-liquid mixing reaction zone of the desulfurization tower 11 and generate eddies and vortices. Under the action of the vortex, the mixing of the flue gas and seawater will be accelerated. The mixed gas-liquid mixed flow stream enters the gas-liquid filler reaction zone of the desulfurization tower 11. In this area, in addition to the traditional regular filler, there is also a first ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer unit. The flue gas bubbles will be dispersed into smaller bubbles due to the action of ultrasonic waves. The filler will slow down the rising speed of the bubbles in the tower. The bubbles will form a smaller gas-liquid interface or gas-liquid film on the surface of the filler and continue to contact with seawater to remove sulfur from the gas. Desulfurized seawater flows into the tower from the top and is discharged from the bottom. The seawater always submerges the packing. Since the flow rate of seawater is lower than the rising flow rate of flue gas, the seawater and flue gas will be separated in the gas-liquid separation area of ​​the desulfurization tower 11, and the desulfurized seawater is discharged from the tower. The desulfurized flue gas enters the two-way cyclone decarbonization bubbling absorption tower, i.e., the decarbonization tower 21. The lean amine solution also enters the tower from the top. The desulfurized flue gas passes through four flue gas pipes from the bottom, two by two, and enters the cyclone gas-liquid mixing reaction zone of the decarbonization tower 21 along the side of the tower body. It mixes with the lean amine solution in the tower and generates vortices and whirlpools. The carbon dioxide in the flue gas reacts with the unreacted alcoholamine in the rich amine, so that the alcoholamine solution participates in the reaction as much as possible. The flue gas and the rich amine or semi-lean amine solution are initially mixed, and the carbon dioxide in the flue gas completes the initial reaction with the alcoholamine. Then the flue gas enters the gas-liquid packing reaction zone. In this area, in addition to the traditional regular There is also an ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer component 4 outside the filler (the working principle is the same as above); in this area, the carbon dioxide in the flue gas fully contacts and reacts with the alcohol amine solution, and the decarbonized flue gas flows through the gas-liquid filler reaction zone of the decarbonization tower 21 and is discharged from the top of the tower, and the fully reacted alcohol amine solution is discharged from the bottom of the tower. This method can be used to adjust the flow rate of the alcohol amine solution, adjust the degree of reaction, reduce the flow rate, increase the residence time of the alcohol amine solution in the tower, increase the reaction amount of the alcohol amine solution and carbon dioxide, and increase the utilization rate of the alcohol amine solution, otherwise it will be reduced; increase the flue gas velocity, reduce the residence time of the flue gas in the tower, and reduce the carbon dioxide absorption rate, otherwise it will be increased. The rich amine solution enters the analytical tower 31, and the analytical tower 31 also adds an ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer component 4 to the traditional structured filler. The rich amine solution is dispersed into small droplets faster under the action of ultrasonic waves and quickly forms a film on the filler surface. Carbon dioxide gas and lean amine solution films are quickly formed under the action of rising steam, and gas and liquid are quickly separated under the action of ultrasonic waves. An ultrasonic enhanced heat transfer component is also added to the bottom of the reboiler 33 of the analysis tower 31. The amine solution flowing into the reboiler 33 from the bottom of the analysis tower 31 passes through the ultrasonic enhanced flow field after entering the reboiler 33, so that the flow stream quickly flows through the heat exchange tube and continuously shuttles up and down. The generated steam bubbles are quickly pushed to the surface of the gas phase and the liquid phase, thereby accelerating the separation of steam from the liquid phase.

[0054] like Figure 4 As shown, an adjustment method for a ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization system based on ultrasonic enhancement is applied to a ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization system based on ultrasonic enhancement, and the adjustment method includes: S10, determining an expected data set for each reaction area, wherein the expected data set includes expected efficiency data at a plurality of consecutive time points and a confidence threshold of each expected efficiency data; In this embodiment, the expected data set is obtained by integrating the design requirements, operation history data and theoretical models of the reaction system. These data sets include efficiency expectation data at multiple continuous time points, such as gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency, carbon dioxide removal rate, concentration of sulfur dioxide in flue gas, etc. Each efficiency expectation data has a corresponding confidence threshold, which represents the acceptable fluctuation range of the data, usually based on experimental verification or operating condition fluctuation model setting. The setting of the confidence threshold can be obtained through statistical analysis or engineering experience to ensure that any deviation from the expected data during the production process will not affect the overall operation effect of the system. For example, if the expected value of a reaction efficiency is 90%, the confidence threshold is set to ±5%, indicating that the actual efficiency value should be between 85% and 95% to be considered within the normal operating range.

[0055] S20, drawing a time-efficiency polyline layer, and an expectation line and a confidence line on the time-efficiency polyline layer according to the expected data set; In this embodiment, the system uses drawing software or a real-time monitoring system to generate a time-efficiency broken line layer, which clearly shows the relationship between the reaction efficiency at each time point and the preset expected value. In this figure, the expected line represents the ideal reaction efficiency in theory or under the target state, which is displayed in the center of the layer; and the confidence line is set around the expected line, indicating the acceptable efficiency fluctuation range of the system. Through this diagram, the operator can intuitively see the efficiency trend during the reaction process and determine whether the efficiency meets expectations. For example, under normal operating conditions, the expected line may represent a stable 90% gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency, while the confidence line allows the reaction efficiency to fluctuate between 85% and 95%, and any efficiency data that deviates from this range can be quickly identified.

[0056] S30, acquiring efficiency-related data in real time, and drawing a real-time line on the time-efficiency polyline layer according to the efficiency-related data; In this embodiment, the real-time line is calculated by monitoring various key parameters (such as temperature, pressure, gas concentration, etc.) in the reaction process in real time through the system. The system will compare these efficiency-related data with the expected data, dynamically generate and update the real-time line. The real-time line represents the actual trajectory of the reaction efficiency over time during the actual operation. When the reaction efficiency changes, the real-time line will be displayed on the time-efficiency polyline layer and updated over time to help operators monitor the stability and efficiency of the reaction process in real time. For example, when the gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency at a certain moment in the reaction process fluctuates, the real-time line will show this fluctuation and compare it with the expected line, and the operator can quickly identify and take necessary adjustment measures.

[0057] S40, if the real-time line passes through the expected line, performing a corresponding ultrasonic adjustment operation, wherein the ultrasonic adjustment operation includes a frequency adjustment operation and an intensity adjustment operation; In this embodiment, when the real-time line crosses the expected line, it indicates that the reaction efficiency of the system has reached the predetermined target, or there is a deviation from the expected target. For example, in an ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer system, the adjustment of ultrasonic frequency and intensity is an important means to optimize the reaction efficiency. If the gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency is lower than the expected value in real time, the system will automatically increase the intensity of the ultrasonic wave or adjust the frequency to improve the mass transfer efficiency of the gas-liquid interface. This is because increasing the intensity of the ultrasonic wave or adjusting its frequency can accelerate the generation and dispersion of bubbles, increase the gas-liquid contact area, and thus promote the increase in the reaction rate. The system automatically adjusts the ultrasonic frequency and intensity according to real-time feedback to keep the reaction efficiency within the expected range.

[0058] S50. If the real-time line crosses the confidence line, a corresponding alarm operation is executed, and a corresponding interaction window is pushed, interaction information of the interaction window is acquired in real time, and a corresponding ultrasonic adjustment operation is executed according to the interaction information.

[0059] In this embodiment, when the real-time line crosses the confidence line, it means that the actual reaction efficiency has exceeded the allowable error range, which usually means that the reaction process is abnormal. At this point, the system will automatically perform an alarm operation to prompt the operator that the state of the system operation has deviated from the normal range. The alarm operation can be triggered by sound, light signals, screen prompts, etc. to ensure that the operator can find the problem in time and take measures. Next, the system will automatically push an interactive window, which will display the current reaction data, the difference between the expected value and the actual efficiency, and related operational suggestions. The operator can view the detailed system status through the interactive window, obtain data feedback in real time, and make further decisions and adjustments. For example, if the mass transfer efficiency is too low, the system recommends increasing the ultrasonic intensity or frequency. The operator can adjust the parameters according to these suggestions and confirm whether to perform these operations through the interactive window to restore the normal operation of the system.

[0060] Specifically, assuming that in a ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization system, the real-time line represents the change of the current gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency over time, while the expected line represents the expected optimal mass transfer efficiency. For example, the system's goal is to keep the gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency at around 90%. The system continuously monitors key parameters such as gas concentration, liquid concentration, temperature and ultrasonic intensity through a real-time data acquisition system, and calculates the actual efficiency of the current reaction. When the real-time line shows that the reaction efficiency is lower than the expected line, for example, it drops to 85%, the system will increase the ultrasonic intensity or adjust the frequency through ultrasonic adjustment operations to promote the mass transfer efficiency of the gas-liquid interface and improve the reaction efficiency. At this time, the real-time line will move closer to the expected line and return to a target value close to 90%. If an abnormality occurs in the system, causing the real-time line to cross the confidence line (such as dropping below 80%), it means that the reaction efficiency exceeds the allowable fluctuation range, and the system will trigger an alarm operation and push an interactive window to the operator. The operator can view the reaction data through the interactive window and decide whether further ultrasonic adjustment operations are needed, such as whether to increase the ultrasonic frequency or intensity, to ultimately ensure that the reaction efficiency returns to the normal range. This adjustment method ensures that the system always operates in the optimal state through real-time feedback and automatic adjustment.

[0061] In summary, the frequency and intensity of ultrasound are adjusted according to real-time monitoring data and feedback signals to ensure that the reaction rate remains within the optimal range. Through automatic adjustment of ultrasound, the reaction process can be accurately optimized, energy waste or over-fast reaction can be avoided, and the operational stability and processing efficiency of the system can be improved.

[0062] Further, such as Figure 5 As shown, according to the efficiency association data, the step of drawing a real-time line on the time-efficiency polyline layer includes: S501, determining at least a monitoring time period t, a concentration change value ΔC of dissolved gas in the liquid phase within the monitoring time period, and a gas-liquid contact area A in the efficiency correlation data; In this embodiment, the monitoring time period t refers to a specific time range set by the system during the reaction process, which is used to collect and analyze efficiency data. By monitoring the time period t, the system can record in detail the key changes in the reaction process, including the concentration change value △C of the dissolved gas in the liquid phase and the gas-liquid contact area A. The concentration change value △C of the dissolved gas is usually monitored in real time by a dissolved gas sensor installed in the liquid phase. These sensors will regularly record the concentration of the dissolved gas in the liquid and provide feedback data. The gas-liquid contact area A refers to the surface area of ​​the liquid in contact with the gas, which can be estimated by calculating the size and number of bubbles and the flow pattern of the fluid. Through the monitoring of these data, the system can accurately understand the gas-liquid contact situation, thereby providing basic data for calculating the gasification mass transfer efficiency. For example, in the desulfurization process, if the sulfur dioxide concentration in the ship's flue gas is high, the system can derive the solubility of sulfur dioxide in the liquid phase and the gas-liquid interface area through the monitoring data of this time period, which helps to evaluate the reaction efficiency.

[0063] S502, according to the monitoring time period t, the concentration change value △C and the gas-liquid contact area A, calculate the gasification mass transfer efficiency k, the calculation formula is: ; In this embodiment, through this formula, the system can calculate the mass transfer efficiency of gas from gas phase to liquid phase within a given time period. For example, in the ultrasonic enhanced ship flue gas desulfurization process, if the concentration change value △C of sulfur dioxide in the liquid phase is 0.2mol / L within a 5-minute period, and the gas-liquid contact area A is 100cm², the system will use the above formula to calculate the gasification mass transfer efficiency value k within the time period, and then optimize the ultrasonic frequency and intensity adjustment to improve the reaction efficiency.

[0064] S503, matching the monitoring time period with the time point on the time-efficiency polyline layer, drawing corresponding real-time marks on the time-efficiency polyline layer, and connecting the real-time marks to generate a real-time line.

[0065] In this embodiment, the gasification mass transfer efficiency k within the monitoring time period t will be plotted on the time-efficiency polyline layer according to the real-time collected data. The system will match the efficiency data at each time point with the time point on the layer, and draw a real-time mark for each time point. These real-time marks will be connected one by one in the layer in chronological order to form a real-time line, which represents the trend of the gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency changing over time during the entire reaction process. For example, in actual operation, the system will draw a real-time line representing the change in gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency, and the real-time line will continue to fluctuate upward or downward as time goes by. Through this process, the operator can intuitively see the real-time changes in the gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency, and adjust the reaction conditions in a timely manner to ensure that the process is carried out within the optimal efficiency range.

[0066] Specifically, suppose that in a ship flue gas desulfurization system, the system monitors the changes in gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency during the reaction process in real time. First, the system records the concentration change value △C of sulfur dioxide dissolved in the liquid phase within the monitoring time period t (for example, 5 minutes). Assume that within these 5 minutes, the concentration change value △C of sulfur dioxide is 0.15 mol / L, and the gas-liquid contact area A is measured to be 120 cm². Based on these data, the system calculates the gasification mass transfer efficiency k as 0.15 mol / L÷(5 minutes×120 cm²)=0.0005 mol / L·min·cm² through the formula. Then, the system plots these calculated efficiency data on the time-efficiency polyline layer. The efficiency value at each time point will be marked and updated as the data changes to form a real-time line. If the efficiency data of the real-time line is lower than the expected target value (such as 90% gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency), the system will automatically adjust the ultrasonic intensity or frequency to improve the gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency, and adjust the reaction conditions through real-time feedback. This dynamic adjustment ensures that the reaction efficiency always remains within the set range, improving the desulfurization effect and system stability.

[0067] In summary, the changes in gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency can be accurately calculated, and the frequency and intensity can be precisely adjusted through the ultrasonic control system. By comparing the time and efficiency line graphs, real-time feedback and optimization of reaction conditions can be achieved to ensure that the ultrasonic effect is always maintained in the best state, thereby improving the operating efficiency and energy efficiency of the entire ship desulfurization and decarbonization system.

[0068] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience and simplicity of description, only the division of the above-mentioned functional units and modules is used as an example. In actual applications, the above-mentioned functions can be distributed and completed by different functional units and modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional units or modules to complete all or part of the functions described above.

[0069] The embodiments described above are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, a person skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. Such modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and should all be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A system for desulfurization and decarbonization of ship flue gas based on ultrasonic enhancement, characterized in that: The ultrasonic enhanced ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization system comprises a desulfurization mechanism (1), a decarbonization mechanism (2) and a decomposition mechanism (3), wherein the flue gas input end of the desulfurization mechanism (1) is used to receive ship flue gas, the flue gas output end of the desulfurization mechanism (1) is connected to the flue gas input end of the decarbonization mechanism (2) to receive desulfurized flue gas converted from the ship flue gas in the desulfurization mechanism (1), the flue gas output end of the decarbonization mechanism (2) is used to discharge decarbonized flue gas converted from the desulfurized flue gas in the decarbonization mechanism (2), the lean amine input end of the decarbonization mechanism (2) is connected to the lean amine output end of the decomposition mechanism (3) to receive a lean amine solution reacting with the desulfurized flue gas, and the desulfurized flue gas is discharged from the decarbonization mechanism (2). The analyzing mechanism (3) is used to analyze the rich amine solution to generate the lean amine solution. The rich amine input end of the analyzing mechanism (3) is connected to the rich amine output end of the decarbonization mechanism (2) so that the analyzing mechanism (3) receives the rich amine solution from the decarbonization mechanism (2). The rich amine solution in the decarbonization mechanism (2) is generated by the reaction between the lean amine solution and the desulfurized flue gas. The desulfurization mechanism (1), the decarbonization mechanism (2) and the analyzing mechanism (3) are each provided with an ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer component (4) in their respective reaction regions. The ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer component (4) is used to emit ultrasonic waves to accelerate the dispersion of the corresponding reaction materials in the reaction region, thereby improving the mass transfer efficiency of the corresponding reaction materials. The ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer component (4) comprises a power source (41) and a plurality of first ultrasonic units (42), wherein the plurality of first ultrasonic units (42) are arranged in sequence from top to bottom on the reaction area, wherein the first ultrasonic units (42) comprise a power bus (421) connected to the power source (41), and ultrasonic series modules respectively connected to the power bus (421), wherein the ultrasonic series modules comprise a plurality of ultrasonic elements (422) for emitting ultrasonic waves.

2. According to claim 1, a system for ultrasonic enhanced ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization, characterized in that: The desulfurization mechanism (1) comprises a desulfurization tower (11), wherein a flue gas input end of the desulfurization tower (11) is used to receive ship flue gas and is located at the bottom of the desulfurization tower (11), a flue gas output end of the desulfurization tower (11) is connected to a flue gas input end of the decarbonization mechanism (2) and is located at the top of the desulfurization tower (11), a seawater input end of the desulfurization tower (11) is located below the flue gas output end of the desulfurization tower (11) and is used to receive seawater, a seawater output end of the desulfurization tower (11) is located below the flue gas input end of the desulfurization tower (11) and is used to discharge seawater that has reacted with the ship flue gas, and within the reaction area of ​​the desulfurization tower (11), the ship flue gas forms flue gas bubbles flowing from bottom to top in the seawater, and the flue gas bubbles are dispersed into smaller differentiated bubbles through the ultrasonic enhanced mass transfer component (4) so ​​as to contact and react with the seawater flowing from top to bottom.

3. The ultrasonic enhanced ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The flue gas input end of the desulfurization tower (11) comprises four branch ports (12), and the four branch ports (12) are installed on the bottom of the desulfurization tower (11) laterally along the circumference of the desulfurization tower (11), and are arranged opposite to each other in pairs. When the ship flue gas enters the desulfurization tower (11) through the branch ports (12), a vortex is formed, and then a preliminary mixing reaction is carried out with seawater.

4. The ultrasonic enhanced ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The decarbonization mechanism (2) comprises a decarbonization tower (21), the decomposition mechanism (3) comprises a decomposition tower (31), and the ultrasonic enhanced ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization system further comprises a first circulation pump (5), a heat exchanger (6) and a second circulation pump (7), the rich amine output end of the decarbonization tower (21) is located at the bottom of the decarbonization tower (21) and is connected to the input end of the first circulation pump (5), the output end of the first circulation pump (5) is connected to the rich amine input end of the heat exchanger (6), and the rich amine output end of the heat exchanger (6) is connected to the decomposition tower (31). The decarbonization tower (21) is connected to the rich amine input end of the decarbonization tower (31), the rich amine input end of the decarbonization tower (31) is located at the top of the decarbonization tower (31), the lean amine output end of the decarbonization tower (31) is located at the bottom of the decarbonization tower (31) and is connected to the input end of the second circulation pump (7), the output end of the second circulation pump (7) is connected to the lean amine input end of the heat exchanger (6), the lean amine output end of the heat exchanger (6) is connected to the lean amine input end of the decarbonization tower (21), and the lean amine input end of the decarbonization tower (21) is located at the top of the decarbonization tower (21).

5. The ultrasonic enhanced ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization system according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The analytical tower (31) is provided with a first liquid level sensor (32), and the lean amine output end of the analytical tower (31) is connected to the input end of the second circulation pump (7) via a first regulating valve (35), and the first regulating valve (35) is electrically connected to the first liquid level sensor (32).

6. The ultrasonic enhanced ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization system according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The analysis mechanism (3) further comprises a reboiler (33) and an ultrasonic enhanced heat transfer component, wherein the input end of the reboiler (33) is connected to the lean amine output end of the analysis tower (31), and the output end of the reboiler (33) is connected to the reboiler input end of the analysis tower (31). The reboiler (33) receives and heats the unreacted rich amine solution from the analysis tower (31), thereby obtaining a heated rich amine solution, and outputs the heated rich amine solution to the analysis tower (31) through the output end of the reboiler (33). The ultrasonic enhanced heat transfer component comprises a plurality of second ultrasonic units (34) sequentially arranged on the inner side of the reboiler (33).

7. The ultrasonic enhanced ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization system according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The reboiler (33) is provided with a second liquid level sensor (36), and the lean amine output end of the analytical tower (31) is connected to the input end of the reboiler (33) via a second regulating valve (37), and the second regulating valve (37) is electrically connected to the second liquid level sensor (36).

8. An adjustment method for an ultrasonic enhanced ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization system, applied to an ultrasonic enhanced ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The adjustment method comprises: Determine an expected data set for each reaction area, wherein the expected data set includes expected efficiency data at a plurality of consecutive time points and a confidence threshold for each of the expected efficiency data; According to the expected data set, draw a time-efficiency polyline layer, and an expected line and a confidence line located on the time-efficiency polyline layer; Acquire efficiency-related data in real time, and draw a real-time line on the time-efficiency polyline layer according to the efficiency-related data; If the real-time line crosses the expected line, a corresponding ultrasonic adjustment operation is performed, wherein the ultrasonic adjustment operation includes a frequency adjustment operation and an intensity adjustment operation; If the real-time line crosses the confidence line, a corresponding alarm operation is performed, and a corresponding interaction window is pushed, interaction information of the interaction window is acquired in real time, and a corresponding ultrasonic adjustment operation is performed according to the interaction information.

9. The adjustment method of the ship flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization system based on ultrasonic enhanced according to claim 8 is characterized in that: According to the efficiency association data, the step of drawing a real-time line on the time-efficiency polyline layer includes: At least determining the monitoring time period t, the concentration change value ΔC of the dissolved gas in the liquid phase within the monitoring time period, and the gas-liquid contact area A in the efficiency correlation data; According to the monitoring time period t, the concentration change value △C and the gas-liquid contact area A, the gasification mass transfer efficiency k is calculated using the following formula: ; The monitoring time period is matched with the time point on the time-efficiency polyline layer, corresponding real-time marks are drawn on the time-efficiency polyline layer, and each of the real-time marks is connected to generate a real-time line.

Images