Reaction furnace
By setting up a grate bed, air inlet and air outlet with ventilation gap in the reactor, combined with material crushing, screening and conveyor, the problems of low combustion efficiency and inconvenient ash treatment in the existing reactor are solved, and the further improvement is achieved Efficient combustion and material utilization.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411622087.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-14
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-07
- Estimated Expiration
- Not applicable · inactive patent
AI Technical Summary
The grate plates in existing reactors are tightly superimposed with no ventilation gaps, so they cannot introduce high-temperature gas, resulting in low combustion efficiency, reduced yield, and lack of ash cooling, collection and discharge systems, causing the material to destroy the temperature field and participate in the reaction, resulting in quality. Descent and clogged.
A reactor is designed, which is equipped with a grate bed, an air inlet end, a first air outlet end and a second air outlet end. A ventilation gap is set between adjacent grate plates on the upper and lower ends of the grate bed to allow air to pass through; at the same time, material crushing is provided The machine, filter screen plate and material conveyor are used to crush, screen and re-inject unburned materials to increase combustion efficiency; and a cooler and collection bucket are installed at the bottom for cooling and collection of ash.
By increasing air ventilation and material crushing and screening, the uniformity and efficiency of combustion are improved, blocked, extended the service life of the grate plate, and effective cooling and collection of ash slag is achieved, and overall reaction efficiency and yield are improved.
Smart Images
Figure CN119393754A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of reaction furnaces, in particular to a reaction furnace. Background Art
[0002] A reactor is a device used to carry out chemical reactions or physical changes. Reactors can be divided into many types according to different uses and designs, and are commonly used in cement, energy, materials, biotechnology, food, power generation and other fields. The core function of a reactor is to provide a controlled environment so that reactants can react under specific conditions to produce products.
[0003] However, the grate plates of the existing reactor are tightly stacked in a stepped manner, and there is no gap between the grate plates for ventilation, which is not suitable for introducing high-temperature gases and cannot accept high-temperature wind from the inlet. High-temperature wind is conducive to combustion and further increases the flue gas temperature. In addition, the existing reactor has no ash cooling, collection and discharge system, so that unburned materials and ashes rush into the decomposition furnace all at once. These materials will destroy the original temperature field of the decomposition furnace and participate in the reaction, resulting in a decline in quality, a decrease in output, and easy blockage affecting production. Summary of the invention
[0004] The present invention provides a reaction furnace to solve the problems in the background technology.
[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a reactor, comprising a reactor body and a material conveyor, wherein a feed bin is arranged at a position near the left side of the top of the reactor body, a feeder is arranged at a position near the top of the left side of the reactor body, an air inlet is provided at a position near the lower surface of the left side of the reactor body, a second air outlet is provided at a position near the right side of the top of the reactor body, a first air outlet is provided at a lower surface of the right side of the reactor body, a grate bed is arranged inside the reactor body, a discharge hopper is arranged at the bottom of the reactor body, a cooler is fixedly connected to the bottom of the discharge hopper, a material crusher is fixedly connected to the bottom of the cooler, a filter screen is arranged at a position near the discharge end of the material crusher, a collecting hopper is fixedly connected to the main discharge end of the material crusher, a discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the collecting hopper, a feed hopper is arranged at a position near the bottom of the lower surface of the material conveyor, an oversize discharge end is arranged at a position near the top of one side of the material conveyor, and an oversize transport pipe is fixedly connected to the oversize discharge end.
[0006] Furthermore, the first air outlet end and the second air outlet end are both fixedly connected to a decomposition furnace.
[0007] Furthermore, the feed end of the cooler is fixedly connected to an end of the discharge hopper away from the reactor body.
[0008] Furthermore, the feed end of the cooler is fixedly connected to an end of the discharge hopper away from the reactor body.
[0009] Furthermore, one end of the screen-surface material transport pipe away from the screen-surface material discharge end is fixedly connected to the top feed end of the feed bin.
[0010] Furthermore, the feeder consists of a driving motor and a screw. The end of the driving motor on the feeder close to the output end is fixedly connected to the left side of the reactor body. The screw on the feeder is located on the upper part of the reactor body. The left side of the screw on the feeder passes through the inner left side wall of the reactor body and is fixedly connected to the output end of the driving motor.
[0011] Furthermore, the grate bed is composed of a plurality of grate plates with grids or slats at certain intervals, and a grate bed ventilation gap is provided between the upper and lower adjacent grate plates; and the plurality of grate plates are stepped and tilted downward, and the grate bed is located close to the air inlet end. The absolute value of the negative pressure at the air outlet of the reactor is greater than the absolute value of the negative pressure at the air inlet. The incoming air is driven to move from left to right.
[0012] Furthermore, the material conveyor is located on one side of the reaction furnace body.
[0013] Furthermore, a first channel is opened at a position close to the left side inside the grate plate on the grate bed, and a second channel is opened at a position close to the right side inside the grate plate in the grate bed.
[0014] Furthermore, the front and rear ends of the multiple first channels and the second channels respectively penetrate the interior of the adjacent grate plates and the front and rear end walls of the interior of the reactor body and extend out of the front and rear ends of the exterior of the reactor body. Water, other liquids or gas are connected to the first channels, and normal temperature air is connected to the interior of the second channels.
[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a reaction furnace having the following beneficial effects:
[0016] 3. The reactor can crush unburned or remaining materials into smaller particles by arranging material crushers, filter screens, material conveyors and screened material transport pipes, so as to avoid blockage and increase the contact area with oxygen, which is conducive to more complete combustion in the subsequent combustion process; and the filter screen can screen out materials that cannot be filtered, and transport the screened materials to the inside of the reactor again. The material transport or conveyor can lift the materials vertically to overcome the height difference so as to put the materials back into the reactor for secondary combustion. The crushed and screened materials are sent back to the reactor for secondary combustion. In this process, these materials can be more fully burned, thereby maximizing the use of fuel and reducing the emission of harmful substances.
[0017] 1. The reactor is provided with a grate bed, an air inlet, a first air outlet and a second air outlet. The grate bed allows air to enter the combustion area through its gaps. The materials are accumulated and burned above the grate bed, while the air enters from the bottom through the gaps or the wind channel above to react with the combustion of the materials. This design helps to fully mix the materials and air, thereby promoting the uniformity and efficiency of combustion. Air inlet: The air inlet is the entrance for high-temperature air to enter the reactor body, which can further enhance the combustion efficiency and make the combustion more complete and faster. The first air outlet and the second air outlet are both used to discharge the exhaust gas generated by the combustion and accelerate the exhaust gas emission.
[0018] 2. The reactor is provided with a first channel and a second channel. When liquid or air enters the first channel or the second channel, the grate plate in the grate bed can be quickly lowered. When the grate plate works inside the reactor body, part of the heat can be quickly removed to lower its own temperature, thereby reducing the test of high temperature on the grate plate material and extending the service life of the grate plate in the grate bed.
[0019] 4. The reactor is provided with a collecting hopper, which can collect, capture and store the ashes after combustion, crushing and filtering for subsequent processing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;
[0021] Figure 2 It is an enlarged view of point A of the present invention;
[0022] Figure 3 It is an enlarged view of B of the present invention;
[0023] Figure 4 The first channel and the second channel position structure of the present invention;
[0024] Figure 5 It is a cross-sectional view of the first channel and the second channel of the present invention.
[0025] In the figure: 1. feed bin; 2. screen material transport pipe; 3. screen material discharge end; 4. conveyor; 5. second air outlet; 6. reactor body; 7. air inlet; 8. grate bed ventilation gap; 9. grate bed; 10. cooler; 11. collecting hopper; 12. discharge port; 13. feed hopper; 14. auxiliary discharge port; 15. discharge hopper; 16. first air outlet; 17. feeder; 18. filter screen; 19. material crusher; 20 first channel; 21. second channel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0026] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0027] See also Figure 1-5 The present invention discloses a reactor, comprising a reactor body 6 and a material conveyor 4, a feed bin 1 is arranged near the left side of the top of the reactor body 6, a feeder 17 is arranged near the top of the left side of the reactor body 6, an air inlet 7 is provided near the lower surface of the left side of the reactor body 6, a second air outlet 5 is provided near the right side of the top of the reactor body 6, a first air outlet 16 is provided on the lower right side of the reactor body 6, a grate bed 9 is arranged inside the reactor body 6, and a discharge hopper 1 is arranged at the bottom of the reactor body 6. 5. The bottom of the discharge hopper 15 is fixedly connected with a cooler 10, the bottom of the cooler 10 is fixedly connected with a material crusher 19, a filter screen 18 is arranged near the discharge end of the material crusher 19, the main discharge end of the material crusher 19 is fixedly connected with a collecting hopper 11, the bottom of the collecting hopper 11 is provided with a discharge port 12, a feed hopper 13 is arranged near the bottom of the lower surface of the material conveyor 4, a screened material discharge end 3 is arranged near the top on one side of the material conveyor 4, and a screened material transport pipe 2 is fixedly connected to the screened material discharge end 3.
[0028] Specifically, the first air outlet end 16 and the second air outlet end 5 are both fixedly connected to the decomposition furnace.
[0029] In this embodiment, the flue gas produced after combustion may enter the decomposition furnace for further treatment to remove harmful substances.
[0030] Specifically, the feed end of the cooler 10 is fixedly connected to an end of the discharge hopper 15 away from the reactor body 6 .
[0031] In this embodiment, the ash after the material is burned is cooled and collected, which not only avoids the impact on the decomposition furnace, but also the setting of the cooler 10 not only recovers the heat but also avoids the impact of high-temperature materials on subsequent equipment. At the same time, these ashes are good fertilizers or reusable raw materials and continue to be used.
[0032] Specifically, the feed end of the material crusher 19 is fixedly connected to the discharge end of the cooler 10, and an auxiliary discharge port 14 is provided on the right side of the material crusher 19 near the bottom, and the auxiliary discharge port 14 is fixedly connected to the feed hopper 13 through a pipeline.
[0033] In this embodiment, the materials that cannot pass through the filter screen 18 enter the feed hopper 13 through the auxiliary discharge port 14, and then are again fed from the feed bin 1 into the reactor body 6 through the material conveyor 4 and the screen material transport pipe 2 for secondary processing, thereby ensuring that the materials are fully burned and reducing material consumption.
[0034] Specifically, one end of the oversize material transport pipe 2 away from the oversize material discharge end 3 is fixedly connected to the top feed end of the feed bin 1 .
[0035] Specifically, the feeder 17 consists of a driving motor and a screw. The end of the driving motor on the feeder 17 close to the output end is fixedly connected to the left side of the reactor body 6. The screw on the feeder 17 is located at the upper part of the reactor body 6. The left side of the screw on the feeder 17 passes through the inner left side wall of the reactor body 6 and is fixedly connected to the output end of the driving motor.
[0036] In this embodiment, the burning material can be transported continuously and evenly.
[0037] Specifically, the grate bed 9 is composed of a plurality of grate plates with grilles or slats at certain intervals, and grate bed ventilation gaps 8 are provided between the grate plates; and the plurality of grate plates are arranged in a stepped manner and tilted downward, and the left side of the grate bed 9 is close to the air inlet end 7.
[0038] In this embodiment, the material moves downward along the inclined grate bed 9; the gas entering from the air inlet end 7 passes through the gaps between the grate plates, passes through the grate bed 9, contacts the material moving downward on the grate bed 9, passes through the material and reacts. The absolute value of the negative pressure at the air outlet of the reactor is greater than the absolute value of the negative pressure at the air inlet, driving the incoming air to move from left to right and contact the material to react.
[0039] Specifically, the material conveyor 4 is located at one side of the reaction furnace body 6 .
[0040] In this embodiment, the material conveyor 4 is a device for lifting materials in a vertical direction, and it can put the unburned materials that cannot be filtered back into the interior of the reactor body 6.
[0041] Specifically, a first channel 20 is provided at a position near the left side of the grate plate on the grate bed 9, and a second channel 21 is provided at a position near the right side of the grate plate on the grate bed 9. The first channel 20 and the second channel 21 can be designed separately.
[0042] Specifically, the front and rear ends of the plurality of first channels 20 and the second channels 21 respectively penetrate the interior of the adjacent grate plates and the front and rear end walls of the interior of the reactor body 6 and extend out of the front and rear ends of the exterior of the reactor body 6. Water, other liquids or gases are connected to the first channels 20, and air at normal temperature is connected to the interior of the second channels 21.
[0043] When in use, the raw material to be processed is put into the feed bin 1, and the feeder 17 continuously and evenly transports the raw material into the high end or upper part of the grate bed 9, and the raw material moves downward along the inclined grate bed 9. At the same time, the high-temperature air entering from the air inlet passes through the gap between the grate plates and passes through the grate bed 9 to contact the raw material moving downward on the grate bed 9. No matter how much the calorific value of the biomass or hazardous solid waste is, it can be guaranteed that the calorific value is squeezed out through combustion. The squeezed calorific value enters to further increase the temperature of the high-temperature air, so that the combustion is more complete and faster. After the material is fully burned inside the reactor body 6, the waste smoke generated by the burning of the raw material and the high-temperature air that does not participate in the reaction are discharged into the decomposition furnace for utilization to achieve the effect of replacing fuel and saving coal; and the burned material enters the material crusher 19 through the discharge hopper 15, and the burned material or the material that cannot be burned out at one time is further crushed by the material crusher 19. Subsequently, the crushed material is screened through the filter screen 18, and the screened material will be collected by the collecting bucket 11 and discharged uniformly after reaching a certain level. The material that cannot be screened by the filter screen 18 enters the feed hopper 13 through the auxiliary discharge port 14, and then is put into the reactor body 6 from the feed bin 1 again through the material conveyor 4 and the screen material transport pipe 2 for secondary processing to ensure that the material is fully burned and reduce material consumption; during use, the grate plate in the grate bed 9 is introduced with liquid or air through the first channel 20 or the second channel 21. When the liquid or air enters the first channel 20 or the second channel 21, the grate plate in the grate bed 9 can be quickly reduced when working inside the reactor body 6. When the grate plate works inside the reactor body 6, it can quickly remove part of the heat and quickly reduce its own temperature, thereby reducing the test of high temperature on the grate plate material and extending the service life of the grate plate in the grate bed 9.
[0044] In summary, the reactor can crush unburned or remaining materials into smaller particles by setting up a material crusher 19, a filter screen 18 plate, a material conveyor 4 and an overscreen material transport pipe 2, so as to increase the contact area between the materials and oxygen, which is conducive to more complete combustion in the subsequent combustion process; and the filter screen 18 plate can screen out the materials that cannot be filtered, and transport the screened materials to the inside of the reactor again, and the material conveyor 4 can vertically lift the materials to overcome the height difference so as to put the materials back into the reactor for secondary combustion, and the materials that have been crushed and screened are sent back to the reactor for secondary combustion. In this process, these materials can be more fully burned, thereby maximizing the use of fuel and reducing the emission of harmful substances; by setting up a grate bed 9, an air inlet end 7, a first air outlet end 16 and a second air outlet end 5, the grate bed 9 allows air to pass through its gaps through the material layer and enter the combustion area, and the materials are accumulated and burned above the grate bed 9, while the air enters from the bottom through the gaps, and the materials are stored and burned above the grate bed 9, and the air enters from the bottom through the gaps. At the same time, a part of the high-temperature air enters the upper cavity of the grate bed 9 from the upper part to react with the combustion of the material; this design helps to fully mix the material and the air, thereby promoting the uniformity and efficiency of combustion; the air inlet end 7: the air inlet end 7 is the entrance for the high-temperature air to enter the reactor body 6, which can further enhance the combustion efficiency and make the combustion more complete and faster; the first air outlet end 16 and the second air outlet end 5: are both used to discharge the exhaust gas generated by the combustion and accelerate the exhaust gas emission; during the use of the grate plate in the grate bed 9, liquid or air flows into the first channel 20 or the second channel 21. When the liquid or air enters the first channel 20 or the second channel 21, the grate plate in the grate bed 9 can be quickly reduced. When working inside the reactor body 6, it can quickly remove part of the heat and reduce its own temperature, thereby reducing the test of high temperature on the grate plate material and extending the service life of the grate plate in the grate bed 9; by setting a collecting bucket 11, the ashes after burning, crushing and filtering can be collected, captured and stored for subsequent processing.
[0045] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A reactor, comprising a reactor body (6) and a material conveyor (4), characterized in that: A feed bin (1) is provided at a position near the left side of the top of the reactor body (6); a feeder (17) is provided at a position near the top of the left side of the reactor body (6); an air inlet (7) is provided at a position near the lower surface of the left side of the reactor body (6); a second air outlet (5) is provided at a position near the right side of the top of the reactor body (6); a first air outlet (16) is provided at the lower surface of the right side of the reactor body (6); a grate bed (9) is provided inside the reactor body (6); grate bed ventilation gaps (8) are provided between the grate plates of the grate bed (9); a discharge hopper (15) is provided at the bottom of the reactor body (6); The bottom of the (15) is fixedly connected to a cooler (10), the bottom of the cooler (10) is fixedly connected to a material crusher (19), a filter screen (18) is arranged near the discharge end of the material crusher (19), the main discharge end of the material crusher (19) is fixedly connected to a collecting hopper (11), the bottom of the collecting hopper (11) is provided with a discharge port (12), a feed hopper (13) is arranged near the bottom of the lower surface of the material conveyor (4), a screen discharge end (3) is arranged near the top of one side of the material conveyor (4), and a screen transport pipe (2) is fixedly connected to the screen discharge end (3). The absolute value of the negative pressure at the air outlet (5) and (16) of the reactor (6) is greater than the absolute value of the negative pressure at the air inlet (7), driving the incoming air to move from left to right.
2. A reaction furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first air outlet end (16) and the second air outlet end (5) are both fixedly connected to a decomposition furnace.
3. A reaction furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feed end of the cooler (10) is fixedly connected to an end of the discharge hopper (15) away from the reactor body (6).
4. A reaction furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feed end of the material crusher (19) is fixedly connected to the discharge end of the cooler (10), and a secondary discharge port (14) is provided on the right side of the material crusher (19) near the bottom, and the secondary discharge port (14) is fixedly connected to the feed hopper (13) through a pipeline.
5. A reaction furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the oversize material transport pipe (2) away from the oversize material discharge end (3) is fixedly connected to the top feed end of the feed bin (1).
6. A reaction furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeder (17) is composed of a driving motor and a screw. The end of the driving motor on the feeder (17) close to the output end is fixedly connected to the left side of the reaction furnace body (6). The left side of the screw on the feeder (17) penetrates the inner left side wall of the reaction furnace body (6) and is fixedly connected to the output end of the driving motor.
7. A reaction furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grate bed (9) is composed of a plurality of grate plates with grids or slats at certain intervals, and the plurality of grate plates are arranged in a stepped downwardly inclined manner. The left side of the grate bed (9) is close to the air inlet end (7), and the wind entering the interior of the reactor body (6) from the air inlet end (7) can be hot wind, cold wind or natural wind. After the wind enters the interior of the reactor body (6), the wind enters the interior of the reactor body (6) along the left side wall, the top wall and the bottom wall of the reactor body (6) to the right side of the interior of the reactor body (6) close to the first air outlet end (16) or the second air outlet (5), and burns the material. After the wind enters the reactor body (6) from the air inlet end (7), a part of the wind passes through the gap between the grate plates and then passes through the material layer to enter the inside of the reactor body (6) near the first air outlet (16) or the second air outlet (5), wherein the second part follows the inner left wall of the reactor body (6) to the top and then turns right and closely adheres to the inner top wall to enter the right side of the reactor body (6) near the first air outlet (16), while the other part of the wind enters the inner bottom wall of the reactor body (6) and then follows the inner bottom wall to enter the inside of the reactor body (6) near the first air outlet (16), thereby providing oxygen and assisting the combustion of the material.
8. A reaction furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material conveyor (4) is located on one side of the reaction furnace body (6).
9. A reaction furnace according to claim 7, characterized in that: A first channel (20) is provided in the grate plate of the grate bed (9) near the left side, and a second channel (21) is provided in the grate plate of the grate bed (9) near the right side.
10. A reaction furnace according to claim 9, characterized in that: The front and rear ends of the plurality of first channels (20) and the second channels (21) respectively penetrate the interior of the adjacent grate plates and the front and rear end walls of the interior of the reactor body (6) and extend out of the front and rear ends of the exterior of the reactor body (6); water or other liquid or gas is connected to the interior of the first channels (20), and air at normal temperature is connected to the interior of the second channels (21).