Noninvasive continuous blood glucose monitoring system based on radio frequency wave and biosensor fusion

Abstract

The invention provides a non-invasive continuous blood glucose monitoring system based on radio frequency wave and biosensor fusion, and aims at solving the problems of pain and inconvenience of a traditional fingertip blood sampling monitoring method. The system core comprises a radio frequency wave transmitter which is used for monitoring the glucose level in blood in real time through interaction of radio frequency waves with specific frequency and glucose molecules; meanwhile, biosensor technologies such as electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoplethysmogram (PPG) are combined, physiological signals are analyzed to estimate the blood glucose level, and the monitoring accuracy and reliability are improved. Besides, the developed wearable device integrates a radio frequency wave transmitter and a biosensor, can continuously monitor the blood glucose level, and transmits data to a mobile device or a medical center in a wireless mode. And a deep learning algorithm is adopted to perform fusion processing on the multi-modal signals, so that the accuracy of blood glucose monitoring is further improved. The system is non-invasive, real-time and accurate, improves the compliance and life quality of diabetic patients, and is of great significance to management and treatment of diabetes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of medical devices, in particular to a non-invasive continuous blood glucose monitoring system for diabetic patients. Background Art

[0002] The background of non-invasive continuous glucose monitoring technology can be traced back to traditional blood glucose monitoring methods, which usually involve fingertip blood sampling, causing pain and inconvenience to patients. With the development of technology, blood glucose monitoring technology has undergone a transition from early colorimetric methods to electrochemical methods. Although these methods have improved the accuracy of measurement, they still require patients to endure the pain of blood sampling.

[0003] In the process of seeking more comfortable and convenient monitoring methods, scientists have explored a variety of non-invasive monitoring technologies. For example, blood sugar levels are indirectly monitored by analyzing the glucose content in tears, saliva or sweat. However, these methods are affected by a variety of physiological and environmental factors and have limited accuracy.

[0004] In recent years, non-invasive blood glucose monitoring methods based on biosensor technology have made significant progress. Electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoplethysmogram (PPG) sensors have been widely studied for their ability to capture physiological signals related to blood glucose levels. These sensors estimate blood glucose levels by analyzing cardiac electrical activity and blood volume changes, providing a more comfortable and convenient means of monitoring. The application of radio frequency wave technology has also brought new possibilities for non-invasive blood glucose monitoring. By emitting radio frequency waves of a specific frequency and analyzing their interaction with glucose molecules, blood glucose levels can be monitored in real time. This method has the advantages of non-invasiveness, no blood sampling required, and real-time monitoring, providing a more ideal blood glucose management tool for diabetic patients.

[0005] Although non-invasive blood glucose monitoring technology has made some progress, it still faces challenges in accuracy, stability and user acceptance. Future research needs to further optimize sensor technology, improve the accuracy of data processing algorithms, and enhance system stability and user-friendliness to achieve widespread application of non-invasive blood glucose monitoring technology.

[0006] The non-invasive continuous blood glucose monitoring system proposed in the present invention significantly improves the accuracy and user experience of blood glucose monitoring by integrating a radio frequency wave transmitter, an electrocardiogram (ECG) sensor, a photoplethysmogram (PPG) sensor, and an advanced data processing unit. The radio frequency wave transmitter (model: RF-Gluco-1000) of the system can emit radio frequency waves of a specific frequency, interact with glucose molecules in the blood, and monitor blood glucose levels in real time by analyzing the reflection or absorption characteristics of radio frequency waves. At the same time, the electrocardiogram (ECG) sensor (model: ECG-3000) and the photoplethysmogram (PPG) sensor (model: PPG-2000) capture physiological signals related to blood glucose levels, providing supplementary data for blood glucose monitoring. The data processing unit (model: DataPro-X) uses a fusion algorithm to combine the data of radio frequency waves and biosensors to improve the accuracy and stability of monitoring results. In addition, the system's user interface (model: TouchUI-10) provides an intuitive real-time display of blood sugar data and historical trends, the alarm system (model: AlertSys-500) promptly reminds users when blood sugar levels are abnormal, and the wireless communication module (model: CommLink-600) and storage module (model: DataStore-700) ensure remote transmission and long-term storage of data. The system of the present invention not only improves patient compliance and quality of life, but also realizes telemedicine and personalized management, providing a more ideal, comfortable and intelligent blood sugar management tool for diabetic patients. Summary of the invention

[0007] The present invention relates to a non-invasive continuous blood glucose monitoring system, which realizes real-time monitoring and management of blood glucose levels through a series of precisely designed components and processes. The system's workflow is as follows:

[0008] Preferably, initial setup and calibration: First, the user wears the wearable device (model: GlucoWear-V1) on the upper arm, ensuring that the device is in good contact with the skin so that the RF wave transmitter (model: RF-Gluco-1000) can effectively transmit RF waves and interact with the glucose molecules under the skin. At the same time, the electrocardiogram (ECG) sensor (model: ECG-3000) and the photoplethysmogram (PPG) sensor (model: PPG-2000) are placed on the user's skin to capture physiological signals related to blood sugar levels. Next, the system is initialized and calibrated through the calibration module (model: Calibrate-200). During the calibration process, the system uses a standard solution with a known blood sugar concentration, which is in contact with the user's skin through a small penetration device. The RF wave transmitter and the biosensor simultaneously measure the blood sugar level of this standard solution and compare the measurement results with the known standard value. The data processing unit (model: DataPro-X) receives the raw data from the RF wave transmitter and the biosensor and processes the data through a fusion algorithm. The fusion algorithm combines the data from the RF wave and the biosensor to compensate for their respective limitations and improve the overall monitoring accuracy. The processed data is used in the calibration module to adjust the sensitivity of the RF wave transmitter and the biosensor to ensure the accuracy of subsequent monitoring. Once the calibration is completed, the system can start to monitor the user's blood glucose level in real time. The RF wave transmitter continuously transmits RF waves, while the biosensor continuously captures ECG and PPG signals. All monitoring data are transmitted to the data processing unit in real time, and the real-time blood glucose data and historical trends are displayed through the user interface (model: TouchUI-10). When the blood glucose level exceeds the preset range, the alarm system (model: AlertSys-500) will immediately warn the user, including sound alarms and / or vibration alarms. At the same time, the wireless communication module (model: CommLink-600) transmits the monitoring data to the user's mobile device or medical center so that medical professionals can remotely monitor the patient's blood glucose level. The storage module (model: DataStore-700) is used to store the user's blood glucose monitoring data for a long time for long-term trend analysis and medical research. The power management unit (model: PowerCell-400) ensures the power supply of all components and optimizes power consumption to extend battery life. Through this continuous and automated process, the non-invasive continuous blood glucose monitoring system of the present invention can provide users with accurate and real-time blood glucose monitoring, greatly improving the compliance and quality of life of diabetic patients.

[0009] Preferably, data acquisition: In the non-invasive continuous blood glucose monitoring system of the present invention, the data acquisition process is accurate and continuous. First, the radio frequency wave transmitter (model: RF-Gluco-1000) on the wearable device (model: GlucoWear-V1) is activated and starts to emit radio frequency waves of specific frequencies, which are precisely set to 2.4GHz to 2.5GHz to ensure that they can effectively penetrate the skin and interact with the glucose molecules under the skin. The interaction between the radio frequency waves and the glucose molecules will produce specific reflection or absorption characteristics, which are then captured by the sensor and used for analysis. At the same time, the biosensors (models: ECG-3000 and PPG-2000) are also working closely to capture physiological signals closely related to blood glucose levels. Electrocardiogram (ECG) sensors monitor blood glucose levels by measuring the potential changes generated by the electrical activity of the heart, while photoplethysmogram (PPG) sensors monitor blood glucose indirectly by emitting light and measuring changes in blood volume. These sensors are designed to accurately detect tiny changes on the surface of the skin and convert these signals into electrical signals for subsequent data processing units to analyze. Data acquisition from the RF wave transmitter and biosensor is performed synchronously to ensure data integrity and consistency. The RF wave transmitter provides data that directly measures glucose concentration, while the biosensor provides indirect physiological signal data. This multimodal data acquisition method enables the system to monitor blood glucose levels from different angles, improving the accuracy and reliability of the monitoring results. The collected data is transmitted in real time to the data processing unit (model: DataPro-X), where the microprocessor (model: Micro-32) and fusion algorithm process and analyze the data. The fusion algorithm combines the data from the RF wave and biosensor to compensate for their respective limitations and improve the overall monitoring accuracy. The processed data displays real-time blood glucose data and historical trends through the user interface (model: TouchUI-10), providing users with intuitive information on blood glucose changes.

[0010] Preferably, data processing and analysis: The data processing and analysis steps are the key links to ensure the accuracy of monitoring. The data processing unit (model: DataPro-X) is the core of the system and is responsible for receiving the raw data from the radio frequency wave transmitter (model: RF-Gluco-1000) and the biosensor (model: ECG-3000 and PPG-2000). The radio frequency wave reflection or absorption characteristic data provided by the radio frequency wave transmitter, as well as the electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoplethysmogram (PPG) signal data captured by the biosensor, are transmitted to the data processing unit in real time. In the data processing unit, a high-precision microprocessor (model: Micro-32) first performs preliminary filtering and denoising on the raw data to eliminate possible interference signals and improve data quality. Subsequently, the fusion algorithm starts to work, which is a key innovation of the present invention. It combines the data of radio frequency waves and biosensors to compensate for their respective limitations and improve the overall monitoring accuracy. The fusion algorithm combines the direct measurement data of glucose concentration provided by the radio frequency wave transmitter with the physiological signal data provided by the biosensor through mathematical models and statistical analysis. This combination can take advantage of the data advantages of the two sensors. The radio frequency wave transmitter provides direct glucose concentration information, while the biosensor provides indirect physiological change information. The data fusion of the two makes the monitoring results more accurate and reliable. The data processed by the fusion algorithm will more accurately reflect the user's blood sugar level. These data are then used to update the real-time blood sugar data and historical trend charts on the user interface (model: TouchUI-10), providing users with intuitive blood sugar change information. In addition, the processed data will also be stored in the storage module (model: DataStore-700) for long-term trend analysis and medical research. Through this detailed data processing and analysis process, the non-invasive continuous blood sugar monitoring system of the present invention can provide highly accurate blood sugar monitoring results, greatly improving the compliance and quality of life of diabetic patients.

[0011] Preferably, user interface interaction: user interface interaction is a key link to ensure that users can easily access and understand their blood glucose data. The user interface (model: TouchUI-10) is designed as an intuitive touch screen display that not only displays the user's blood glucose level in real time, but also displays historical trend charts to help users track their blood glucose changes. These charts are presented in easy-to-understand graphical forms, such as curve charts or bar charts, allowing users to clearly see the trend of blood glucose levels over time, so as to better manage their health. The touch screen function of the user interface (model: TouchUI-10) allows users to easily enter personal data, such as eating habits, exercise, and medication use, which is essential for the system to provide more personalized blood glucose management recommendations. In addition, the user interface also provides an interactive alarm system. When the user's blood glucose level exceeds the preset safety range, the system will immediately remind the user through an audible alarm and / or a vibration alarm to ensure that the user can take timely action. The design of the user interface (model: TouchUI-10) focuses on user experience, ensuring that the presentation of information is both intuitive and easy to operate. Users can browse different data views, view detailed blood glucose records, or adjust alarm settings to suit their needs through simple touch operations. This interactive approach not only increases user engagement, but also makes blood glucose monitoring more personalized and convenient. The user interface (model: TouchUI-10) provides users with a comprehensive blood glucose management platform through its intuitive display and interactive functions, allowing users to better understand their blood glucose status and take appropriate actions to maintain healthy blood glucose levels.

[0012] Preferably, real-time monitoring and alarm: First, the radio frequency wave transmitter (model: RF-Gluco-1000) and biosensors (models: ECG-3000 and PPG-2000) work continuously to collect the user's blood sugar data in real time. These data include the characteristics of the interaction between radio frequency waves and glucose molecules as well as electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals. Subsequently, these data are transmitted to the data processing unit (model: DataPro-X), where the microprocessor (model: Micro-32) and fusion algorithm process and analyze the data. The fusion algorithm combines the data of radio frequency waves and biosensors to compensate for their respective limitations and improve the overall monitoring accuracy. When the data processing unit analysis results show that the blood sugar level exceeds the user's preset safety range, the alarm system (model: AlertSys-500) will be activated immediately. The system warns the user through an audible alarm and / or a vibration alarm to ensure that the user can quickly realize the abnormal changes in blood sugar levels. At the same time, the user interface (model: TouchUI-10) will be updated in real time to display the corresponding alarm information, including the specific value of the blood sugar level, the time and duration of exceeding the normal range, and the recommended response measures. The alarm information on the user interface is displayed in a clear and easy-to-read format, ensuring that users can quickly grasp their current health status and take appropriate actions. Users can customize alarm settings through the user interface (model: TouchUI-10), including the trigger threshold of the alarm and the type of alarm (sound, vibration, or both). This personalized setting enables users to adjust the alarm system according to their lifestyle and preferences to ensure the timeliness and effectiveness of the alarm. The real-time monitoring and alarm system is designed to provide users with timely and accurate health information, help users better manage their blood sugar levels, thereby reducing diabetes-related health risks and improving the quality of life. Through this process, users can be quickly notified when their blood sugar levels are abnormal and take appropriate countermeasures to keep their blood sugar levels stable.

[0013] Preferably, data transmission and storage: First, the wireless communication module (model: CommLink-600) is responsible for transmitting the real-time monitored blood glucose data from the data processing unit (model: DataPro-X) to the user's mobile device, such as a smartphone or tablet. The module supports multiple wireless communication protocols such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and cellular networks to ensure the stability and reliability of data transmission. Users can access this data through a dedicated mobile application with an intuitive application interface, which is convenient for users to view blood glucose change trends and historical records. In order to ensure the long-term availability of data and facilitate medical research, the storage module (model: DataStore-700) is designed to be able to store the user's blood glucose monitoring data for a long time. The module uses non-volatile memory, so the data will not be lost even if the device is powered off. The storage module saves data in an encrypted format to ensure the security of user privacy. In addition, the storage module supports data export function, and medical professionals can access this data through a secure medical interface for detailed long-term trend analysis to assist diagnosis and treatment decisions. Through this efficient data transmission and storage process, the non-invasive continuous blood glucose monitoring system of the present invention not only provides users with a convenient blood glucose monitoring solution, but also provides medical professionals with valuable data resources, enabling them to remotely monitor patients' blood glucose levels and adjust treatment plans in a timely manner, thereby improving the management efficiency and treatment effects of diabetes.

[0014] Preferably, power management: The power management unit (model: PowerCell-400) plays a vital role in ensuring that the entire monitoring device can operate continuously and stably. This unit is responsible for monitoring and regulating the power consumption of the radio frequency wave transmitter (model: RF-Gluco-1000), biosensors (models: ECG-3000 and PPG-2000), and the data processing unit (model: DataPro-X). Through intelligent power management algorithms, PowerCell-400 can dynamically adjust the power output according to the working status of the device and the user's activity level to optimize battery life and reduce energy consumption. The power management unit also has a power monitoring function that can display the current remaining battery power in real time and remind the user to charge when the power is below the preset threshold. This early warning mechanism ensures that the device will not interrupt monitoring due to low power, ensuring that users can continue to obtain blood glucose monitoring data. The design of PowerCell-400 takes into account the user's usage habits and environmental factors. Through efficient power management strategies, the device can maintain stable performance even under long-term continuous monitoring. Through the careful design and intelligent management of the power management unit (model: PowerCell-400), the non-invasive continuous blood glucose monitoring system of the present invention can achieve long-term stable operation and provide users with uninterrupted blood glucose monitoring services. This not only improves the compliance of diabetic patients, but also enables them to manage their health status more confidently, thereby significantly improving their quality of life.

[0015] The technical solution of the present invention can bring the following specific technical effects:

[0016] Improve patient compliance and quality of life: The non-invasive continuous blood glucose monitoring system eliminates the pain and inconvenience of traditional fingertip blood sampling, significantly improving patient compliance. Patients do not have to endure the pain of repeated blood sampling and are more willing to monitor their blood sugar frequently, thereby better controlling their blood sugar levels. The system provides real-time blood sugar data and historical trend analysis to help patients better understand their blood sugar changes and make more reasonable diet and lifestyle adjustments. This continuous blood sugar monitoring and management helps improve patients' quality of life.

[0017] Improved accuracy and reliability of blood glucose monitoring: By fusing data from RF wave transmitters and biosensors such as ECG and PPG, the system is able to compensate for the limitations of a single sensor and improve the accuracy of blood glucose monitoring. The interaction of RF waves with glucose molecules provides direct measurement of blood glucose concentration, while ECG and PPG sensors provide complementary physiological signals, enhancing the reliability of monitoring results. The data processing unit uses advanced fusion algorithms that can process and analyze data from multiple sensors, further improving the accuracy and stability of blood glucose monitoring. This multimodal fusion technology reduces errors and provides more accurate blood glucose readings.

[0018] Enable telemedicine and personalized management: Wireless communication modules (such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, or cellular networks) allow monitoring data to be transmitted to mobile devices or medical centers, enabling medical professionals to remotely monitor patients' blood sugar levels. This remote monitoring capability provides medical professionals with the possibility of timely intervention, especially when patients have abnormal blood sugar levels. The storage module is able to store users' blood sugar monitoring data for a long time, providing medical professionals with rich data support for long-term trend analysis and the development of personalized treatment plans. This personalized management helps improve treatment outcomes and reduce health risks for patients. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of the non-invasive continuous blood glucose monitoring system of the present invention. Figure 2 The non-invasive continuous blood glucose monitoring system of the present invention is a diagram of the operation steps. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following will be combined with the attached embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] This embodiment describes in detail the operating steps of the non-invasive continuous blood glucose monitoring system to ensure that the system can accurately and effectively monitor the user's blood glucose level.

[0022] System initialization and calibration: The user first wears the wearable device (model: GlucoWear-V1) on the arm, making sure that the device is close to the skin so that the RF wave transmitter (model: RF-Gluco-1000) can effectively transmit RF waves. Through the calibration module (model: Calibrate-200), the system performs an initialization calibration. During the calibration process, the standard blood glucose value provided by the external reference device (model: Ref-100) is used to calibrate the readings of the RF wave transmitter and biosensors (models: ECG-3000 and PPG-2000).

[0023] Data acquisition: The RF wave transmitter (model: RF-Gluco-1000) emits RF waves of 2.4GHz to 2.5GHz, which penetrate the skin and interact with glucose molecules in the blood. After the RF waves are absorbed by the glucose molecules, their reflected or scattered features are captured by the sensor. At the same time, the electrocardiogram (ECG) sensor (model: ECG-3000) and the photoplethysmogram (PPG) sensor (model: PPG-2000) capture physiological signals related to blood sugar levels respectively. The ECG sensor monitors blood sugar levels by measuring the potential changes caused by the electrical activity of the heart, while the PPG sensor monitors blood sugar levels by measuring the changes in blood volume.

[0024] Data processing and analysis: The data processing unit (model: DataPro-X) receives data from the RF wave transmitter and the biosensor. The microprocessor (model: Micro-32) processes this data and analyzes the RF wave reflection characteristics and ECG, PPG signals through a fusion algorithm to improve the accuracy of blood glucose monitoring. The fusion algorithm combines the data of RF waves and biosensors to compensate for their respective limitations and improve the overall monitoring accuracy. The data processed by the data processing unit is displayed in real-time blood glucose data and historical trends through the user interface (model: TouchUI-10).

[0025] User Interface Interaction: The user interface (Model: TouchUI-10) includes a touch screen display that shows real-time blood glucose data and historical trends. The user can enter personal data and receive alerts through the touch screen. When blood glucose levels are outside the preset range, the alarm system (Model: AlertSys-500) will immediately warn the user, including audible alarms and / or vibration alarms.

[0026] Data transmission and storage: The wireless communication module (model: CommLink-600) transmits monitoring data to mobile devices or medical centers so that medical professionals can remotely monitor patients' blood sugar levels. The storage module (model: DataStore-700) is used to store users' blood sugar monitoring data for long-term trend analysis and medical research.

[0027] Power Management: The Power Management Unit (Model: PowerCell-400) includes a rechargeable battery (Model: Batt-5000) and a power management circuit to optimize power consumption and extend battery life.

[0028] Through this continuous and automated process, the non-invasive continuous blood glucose monitoring system of this embodiment can provide users with accurate and real-time blood glucose monitoring, greatly improving the compliance and quality of life of diabetic patients.

[0029] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only preferred examples of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A non-invasive continuous blood glucose monitoring system, characterized in that: include: A radio frequency wave transmitter (model: RF-Gluco-1000), used to transmit radio frequency waves of a specific frequency to interact with glucose molecules in the blood and monitor blood glucose levels in real time by analyzing the reflection or absorption characteristics of the radio frequency waves; a biosensor, used to capture physiological signals related to blood glucose levels, wherein the biosensor is an electrocardiogram (ECG) sensor (model: ECG-3000) or a photoplethysmogram (PPG) sensor (model: PPG-2000); a data processing unit (model: DataPro-X), used to receive data from the radio frequency wave transmitter and the biosensor, and process the data through a fusion algorithm to improve the accuracy of blood glucose monitoring; a wearable device (model: GlucoWear-V1), which integrates a radio frequency wave transmitter and a biosensor, is capable of continuously monitoring blood glucose levels and transmitting the data to a mobile device or a medical center through a wireless communication module; a user interface (model: TouchUI- 10), used to display real-time blood glucose data and historical trends, and provide user interaction functions; an alarm system (model: AlertSys-500), which can warn users when blood glucose levels are out of a preset range; a calibration module (model: Calibrate-200), which is used to regularly calibrate the readings of the radio frequency wave transmitter and the biosensor to ensure the accuracy of the monitoring results; a power management unit (model: PowerCell-400), which is used to provide power to the radio frequency wave transmitter, the biosensor, and the data processing unit, and manage power consumption to extend the service life of the device; a wireless communication module (model: CommLink-600), which is used to transmit monitoring data to a mobile device or a medical center so that medical professionals can remotely monitor the patient's blood glucose level; a storage module (model: DataStore-700), which is used to store the user's blood glucose monitoring data for long-term trend analysis and medical research.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The radio frequency wave emitted by the radio frequency wave transmitter (model: RF-Gluco-1000) has a frequency of 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz, and the radio frequency wave transmitter is designed as a part of a wearable device and can be closely attached to the skin to improve the penetration and detection accuracy of the radio frequency wave.

3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The ECG sensor (model: ECG-3000) and the PPG sensor (model: PPG-2000) are both integrated in the wearable device (model: GlucoWear-V1), and the PPG sensor includes a light emitting diode (LED) and a photodetector for measuring blood volume changes.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The data processing unit (model: DataPro-X) includes a microprocessor (model: Micro-32) and one or more sensor interfaces for receiving and processing data from the radio frequency wave transmitter and the biosensor.

5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The user interface (model: TouchUI-10) includes a touch screen display for displaying real-time blood glucose data and historical trends, and allows the user to enter personal data and receive alerts.

6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The alarm system (model: AlertSys-500) includes an audible alarm and / or a vibration alarm, as well as a programmable alarm threshold setting function.

7. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The calibration module (model: Calibrate-200) includes an external reference device (model: Ref-100) for periodically calibrating the readings of the radio frequency wave transmitter and the biosensor to ensure the accuracy of the monitoring results.

8. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The power management unit (model: PowerCell-400) includes a rechargeable battery (model: Batt-5000) and a power management circuit for optimizing power consumption and extending battery life.

9. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The wireless communication module (model: CommLink-600) includes Bluetooth (model: BT-4.0) and Wi-Fi (model: Wi-Fi-802.11n) connections for transmitting monitoring data to mobile devices or medical centers.

10. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The storage module (model: DataStore-700) includes a non-volatile memory (model: NVM-64GB) for storing the user's blood glucose monitoring data and can support long-term storage and fast access to the data.

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