Functional vegetable seedling substrate based on vegetable straw modification

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of planting nutrient soil, and particularly relates to a functional vegetable seedling substrate based on vegetable straw modification. The substrate is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 6 to 7 parts of peat, 3 to 4 parts of tomato straw decomposed base material, 1.5 to 2 parts of perlite, 0.1 to 0.3 part of nutrient element loaded biochar, 0.1 to 0.2 part of mineral source potassium humate and 0.01 to 0.03 part of diatomite. According to the invention, a high-quality tomato straw decomposed base material is produced by adopting a rapid decomposition process, a tomato straw modified biochar base material is produced by adopting an anaerobic pyrolysis process, and through efficient compatibility of nutrient elements, mineral elements and the like, a new process and a new product of the functional vegetable seedling culture substrate based on tomato straw modification are produced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of planting nutrient soil, and in particular relates to a functional vegetable seedling-raising matrix based on vegetable straw modification. Background Art

[0002] Peat is green, environmentally friendly, healthy and safe, mainly in terms of stable structure, good permeability, strong water holding capacity, high organic matter content and no pathogens. It is the mainstream raw material for vegetable seedling substrate on the market. At the same time, peat is also a non-renewable resource with uneven distribution and high price. It is urgent to find peat substitutes, tap and utilize local resources, and develop green and low-cost waste renewable resources as seedling substrate.

[0003] In 2021, my country's tomato production reached 69.7 million tons. Calculated at an economic coefficient of 0.7, the amount of residual plants is considerable. The moisture content of vegetable straw is as high as 50% to 70%, the calorific value is low, it is easy to rot, and the effective utilization rate is low. There is a significant surplus of regional, seasonal, and structural straw waste. It is very easy to cause: (1) After the vegetable crop is changed every year, a large amount of straw waste will block the river and cause a foul odor, which can easily cause air, soil and water pollution. (2) Vegetable straw contains high nutrients, which are lost in vain if not used. At present, the utilization rate of tomato straw is low and it is easy to cause pollution. Therefore, the reuse of tomato straw has become a research focus.

[0004] Studies have shown that adding bacterial agents can accelerate the composting process, improve the maturity of compost, and reduce biological toxicity. The high temperature generated during the composting process inhibits the growth of most microorganisms, reduces the types and number of composting microorganisms, and is not conducive to the efficient conversion of composting. Thermophilic microorganisms can withstand high temperature environments and play an important role in the composting process. Ultra-high temperature composting can promote the degradation of organic matter, accelerate the composting maturity process, efficiently kill harmful substances such as pests and eggs, increase the amount of organic matter, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and achieve carbon reduction and efficiency while taking into account product quality. At this stage, research focuses on the application of ultra-high temperature composting for manure. For example, Chen Qianqian (2023) studied the effects of thermophilic composite bacteria on the physical and chemical properties and maturity of livestock and poultry manure (75% sheep manure and 25% chicken manure) compost; Xing Weijie (2019) studied the effects of thermophilic deodorizing fermentation agents on pig manure composting fermentation. There are few reports on high-temperature fermentation composting processes for manure and straw composite materials. At the same time, functional seedling matrix mostly focuses on the exploration of the effect of adding a single microbial agent, such as Zhang Yuanguo (2022) studied the effects of Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis in tomato seedling matrix; Sun Yueyue (2016) explored the growth-promoting effect of actinomycetes and fungi on melon seedlings after being applied to seedling matrix. There is still a lack of application of nutrient element-loaded biochar in functional seedling matrix. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the current situation that tomato straw has low utilization rate and is easy to cause pollution, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a functional vegetable seedling substrate based on modified vegetable straw.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] A functional vegetable seedling substrate based on vegetable straw modification, wherein the substrate components include, by weight: 6-7 parts of peat, 3-4 parts of tomato straw decomposed base material, 1.5-2 parts of perlite, 0.1-0.3 parts of nutrient element loaded biochar, 0.1-0.2 parts of mineral source potassium humate, and 0.01-0.03 parts of diatomaceous earth.

[0008] The tomato straw composting base material components include: tomato straw, fresh cow dung, and extremely thermophilic composite bacterial agent; wherein the usage ratio of tomato straw, fresh cow dung, and extremely thermophilic composite bacterial agent is: 1-1.5:3-5:0.001-0.0015; preferably 1:3:0.001.

[0009] The extremely thermophilic composite bacterial agent includes thermophilic marine bacteria, thermophilic trichosporon, thermophilic fecal streptomyces, urea bacillus, and thermophilic new bacillus; wherein the usage ratio of thermophilic marine bacteria, thermophilic trichosporon, thermophilic fecal streptomyces, urea bacillus, and thermophilic new bacillus is 4-5:2-3:1-2:2-4:1-2, and the preferred ratio is 4:2:1:2:1.5.

[0010] The thermophilic sea bacteria are from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, with the strain number CGMCC1.12207; the viable bacteria count is not less than 7.5×10 9 CFU / g;

[0011] The thermophilic hyphomyces yeast is from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, and the strain number is CGMCC2.4939; the viable bacterial count is not less than 2×10 9 CFU / g;

[0012] The thermophilic coprophilic Streptomyces is from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, with the strain number CGMCC4.6959; the viable bacterial count is not less than 3.5×10 9 CFU / g;

[0013] The urea Bacillus is from the China General Microbial Culture Collection Center, with the strain number CGMCC1.7272; the viable bacterial count is not less than 5.5×10 9 CFU / g;

[0014] The thermophilic new Bacillus sp. is from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, with the strain number of CGMCC1.12771; the viable bacterial count is not less than 2.5×109 CFU / g.

[0015] The thermophilic marine fungus, the thermophilic hyphomyces yeast, the thermophilic coprolific Streptomyces, the urea-forming Bacillus, and the thermophilic neobacillus were all purchased from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Management Center.

[0016] The preparation method of the tomato straw decomposed base material is as follows: tomato straw with a water content of 50-70% is crushed into a size of 1-3 cm, then mixed with fresh cow dung, and an extremely thermophilic composite bacterial agent is added for composting. During the first 6 days of composting, the compost is turned over once every two days, and during the later period, the compost is turned over once every five days, and the water content of the compost is maintained at 50% to 60%. When the temperature of the compost drops below 32° C., turning the compost is stopped, and the temperature of the compost drops to ambient temperature, thereby obtaining the tomato straw decomposed base material.

[0017] The nutrient element loaded biochar is obtained by mixing tomato straw biochar precursor with calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, sodium molybdate and borax and then grinding the mixture through a 200 mesh sieve;

[0018] Based on the weight of the tomato straw biochar raw material, the amount of calcium sulfate added is 3-5%, the amount of magnesium sulfate added is 3-5%, the amount of ferrous sulfate added is 0.5-0.8%, the amount of copper sulfate added is 0.3-0.5%, the amount of zinc sulfate added is 0.5-0.6%, the amount of manganese sulfate added is 0.2-0.3%, the amount of sodium molybdate added is 0.1-0.2%, and the amount of borax added is 0.5-0.8%.

[0019] Tomato straw biochar precursor is made from tomato straw by oxygen-limited pyrolysis.

[0020] Specifically, the preparation method of tomato straw biochar precursor is as follows: fresh tomato straw is crushed into 3-5 cm, dried to constant weight, and then pyrolyzed by oxygen-limited pyrolysis at a pyrolysis temperature of 400-450°C, preferably 400°C, anaerobically dried for 2-2.5 hours, preferably 2 hours, and naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain tomato straw biochar precursor.

[0021] The preparation method of the nutrient element loaded biochar is as follows: 3-5% calcium sulfate, 3-5% magnesium sulfate, 0.5-0.8% ferrous sulfate, 0.3-0.5% copper sulfate, 0.5-0.6% zinc sulfate, 0.2-0.3% manganese sulfate, 0.1-0.2% sodium molybdate and 0.5-0.8% borax are added to a tomato straw biochar precursor, the mixture and agate balls are added into an agate pot at a ratio of 1-1.5:10 (w / w), preferably 1:10 (w / w), and then put into a planetary ball mill at a speed of 300-320rpm, preferably 300pm, and grind for 4-5h, preferably 4h and then pass through a 200-mesh sieve to obtain the nutrient element loaded biochar.

[0022] A method for preparing a functional vegetable seedling substrate based on modified vegetable straws comprises the following steps: evenly mixing peat, decomposed tomato straw base material, perlite, nutrient element loaded biochar, mineral potassium humate, and diatomaceous earth according to the stated weight portions to obtain a functional vegetable seedling substrate based on modified tomato straws.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] The present invention aims to utilize tomato straw as a resource through a composite process of "base material + functionalization" and to develop a new type of vegetable seedling medium that is green, low-carbon and low-cost.

[0025] The present invention adopts a rapid decomposition process to produce high-quality tomato straw decomposed base material, adopts an anaerobic pyrolysis process to produce tomato straw modified biochar base material, and produces a new process and new product for functional vegetable seedling substrate based on modified tomato straw through efficient combination of nutrient elements, mineral elements, etc.

[0026] The decomposed tomato straw base material in the vegetable seedling substrate of the present invention is the product of tomato straw processed into base material and fertilizer, has a loose structure, and is excellent in water retention and porosity. It can partially replace the traditional non-renewable seedling substrate resource - peat, can be the basic carrier for crop seedling production, and realizes the resource utilization of agricultural waste.

[0027] Fresh cow dung in the vegetable seedling medium of the present invention enriches the nutritional ratio of the tomato straw compost base material, and at the same time adjusts the C / N of the tomato straw humified raw material, so as to achieve the harmlessness and fertilizerization of livestock and poultry manure. The compounded extremely thermophilic composite bacterial agent can rapidly increase the temperature of the pile in a short time, significantly improve the composting efficiency of tomato straw, and shorten the composting time of 7-10 days compared with the conventional decomposing bacterial agent on the market. The nutrient element loaded biochar is obtained by cracking agricultural waste-tomato straw under high temperature and semi-anoxic conditions, has a rich porous structure, a huge specific surface area and good porosity, has a strong adsorption capacity, and has excellent water and nutrient retention capacity. By further physically modifying it, the biochar is grafted with nutrient elements by ball milling, so that the internal pore network of the biochar can be exposed, oxygen-containing functional groups are introduced into the surface of the biochar, the specific surface area is expanded, and the nutrient elements are wrapped and adsorbed by the biochar, avoiding the loss of nutrient elements, so that the nutrient elements are slowly released and continuously supplied, and the utilization rate is effectively improved. Peat is a conventional material required for crop seedling substrates. It is rich in organic matter and trace elements, loose and porous, and has good water and fertilizer retention. It is an excellent carrier for the growth of crop seedlings. Perlite has strong water absorption and water retention capabilities, which can provide continuous water supply for seedlings. Its porous structure can increase the oxygen content in the substrate and absorb nutrients. Mineral potassium humate is a short carbon chain molecular structure material extracted from natural humic acid. It can loosen the substrate, improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the substrate, adjust the pH value, and strengthen the adhesion and rapid absorption capacity of plant roots. Diatomaceous earth has a special porous structure that can increase the air permeability, water retention and fertilizer retention of the substrate, and contains a variety of trace elements. Through the optimized combination of these inorganic minerals and organic materials, complementary advantages can be achieved, providing good ventilation, water retention, and fertilizer retention conditions for the seedling substrate, realizing the slow release supply of trace elements, stimulating the root development of crop seedlings, and providing a basis for the production of strong seedlings.

[0028] The present invention can significantly improve the composting efficiency of tomato straw by compounding the above-mentioned components, and can shorten the composting time by 7-10 days compared with conventional decomposing bacteria. At the same time, it can improve the stability of trace elements and avoid leaching with water during irrigation. At the same time, the present invention reuses a large amount of tomato straw generated in the production process of vegetable farmers, turning waste into treasure and greatly reducing the risk of environmental pollution. The production of tomato straw biochar by oxygen-limited pyrolysis can greatly reduce carbon emissions and achieve carbon fixation. The composting base material of tomato straw has strong water and fertilizer retention capacity, good permeability, and high humus content. It can partially replace peat, realizing the effective replacement of non-renewable resources and providing a technical approach for the green development of seedling substrates. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 The figure is a dynamic diagram of composting temperature in the embodiments of the present invention and the comparative example.

[0030] Figure 2This is the desorption rate of Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu by the nutrient element loaded biochar in Example 3 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] Example 1

[0032] The components of the functional vegetable seedling substrate (T1) based on modified tomato straw include, by weight: 6 parts of peat, 3 parts of decomposed tomato straw base material, 1.5 parts of perlite, 0.3 parts of nutrient element loaded biochar, 0.1 parts of mineral potassium humate, and 0.01 parts of diatomaceous earth.

[0033] The components of the tomato straw composting base material include: tomato straw, fresh cow dung, and extremely thermophilic compound bacterial agent; the usage ratio of tomato straw, fresh cow dung, and extremely thermophilic compound bacterial agent is 1:3:0.0015.

[0034] The extremely thermophilic composite bacterial agent includes thermophilic marine bacteria, thermophilic hyphomyces, thermophilic fecal streptomyces, geourea bacillus, and thermophilic new bacillus; the usage ratio of thermophilic marine bacteria, thermophilic hyphomyces, thermophilic fecal streptomyces, geourea bacillus, and thermophilic new bacillus is 4:3:1:2:1.

[0035] The thermophilic sea bacteria are from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, with the strain number CGMCC1.12207; the viable bacteria count is not less than 7.5×10 9 CFU / g;

[0036] The thermophilic hyphomyces yeast is from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, and the strain number is CGMCC2.4939; the viable bacterial count is not less than 2×10 9 CFU / g;

[0037] The thermophilic coprophilic Streptomyces is from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, with the strain number CGMCC4.6959; the viable bacterial count is not less than 3.5×10 9 CFU / g;

[0038] The urea Bacillus is from the China General Microbial Culture Collection Center, with the strain number CGMCC1.7272; the viable bacterial count is not less than 5.5×10 9 CFU / g;

[0039] The thermophilic new Bacillus sp. is from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, with the strain number of CGMCC1.12771; the viable bacterial count is not less than 2.5×10 9 CFU / g.

[0040] The thermophilic marine fungus, the thermophilic hyphomyces yeast, the thermophilic coprolific Streptomyces, the urea-forming Bacillus, and the thermophilic neobacillus were all purchased from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Management Center.

[0041] Preparation of tomato straw compost base material: crush tomato straw with a moisture content of 50-70% into 1-3 cm small segments, and then fully mix with fresh cow dung (dry weight basis), adjust the C / N of the initial mixed raw material to 25 by urea, add an extremely thermophilic composite bacterial agent for composting, and the effective viable bacteria count of the extremely thermophilic composite bacterial agent is 5×10 9 CFU / mL, turn the compost every two days for the first 6 days of composting, and turn it every 5 days in the later period, keep the moisture content of the compost at 60%, when the temperature of the pile drops below 32℃, stop turning the compost, and the temperature of the pile will naturally drop to the ambient temperature. The product in the pile will be brown, without irritating odor, and the naturally loose granular structure means it is fully decomposed, thus obtaining the decomposed tomato straw base material.

[0042] The nutrient element loaded biochar is as follows: 3% calcium sulfate, 3% magnesium sulfate, 0.5% ferrous sulfate, 0.3% copper sulfate, 0.6% zinc sulfate, 0.3% manganese sulfate, 0.1% sodium molybdate and 0.8% borax are added to the tomato straw biochar precursor, the mixture and agate balls are added into an agate jar at a ratio of 1:10 (w / w), and then put into a planetary ball mill at a speed of 300 rpm. After grinding for 4 hours, the sieve is passed through a 200 mesh sieve to obtain the nutrient element loaded biochar.

[0043] The preparation method of tomato straw biochar precursor is as follows: crush the tomato straw into about 5 cm, dry it to constant weight, and then pyrolyze it by oxygen-limited pyrolysis at a pyrolysis temperature of 400°C. After anaerobic drying for 2 hours, it is naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain the tomato straw biochar precursor.

[0044] Preparation method of functional vegetable seedling substrate (T1) based on tomato straw modification: 6 parts of peat, 3 parts of tomato straw decomposed base material, 1.5 parts of perlite, 0.3 parts of nutrient element loaded biochar, 0.1 parts of mineral source potassium humate, and 0.01 parts of diatomaceous earth were mixed evenly to obtain the functional vegetable seedling substrate based on tomato straw modification. The physical and chemical properties of the seedling substrate are shown in Table 1.

[0045] Example 2

[0046] The components of the functional vegetable seedling matrix (T2) modified based on tomato straw include, by weight: 6 parts of peat, 4 parts of decomposed tomato straw base material, 1.6 parts of perlite, 0.2 parts of nutrient element loaded biochar, 0.15 parts of mineral potassium humate, and 0.02 parts of diatomaceous earth.

[0047] The components of the tomato straw composting base material include: tomato straw, fresh cow dung, and extremely thermophilic compound bacterial agent; the usage ratio of tomato straw, fresh cow dung, and extremely thermophilic compound bacterial agent is 1:3:0.001.

[0048] The extremely thermophilic composite bacterial agent includes thermophilic marine bacteria, thermophilic trichosporon, thermophilic fecal streptomyces, geourea bacillus, and thermophilic new bacillus; the usage ratio of thermophilic marine bacteria, thermophilic trichosporon, thermophilic fecal streptomyces, geourea bacillus, and thermophilic new bacillus is 4:3:2:2:1.

[0049] The thermophilic sea bacteria are from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, with the strain number CGMCC1.12207; the viable bacteria count is not less than 7.5×10 9 CFU / g;

[0050] The thermophilic hyphomyces yeast is from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, and the strain number is CGMCC2.4939; the viable bacterial count is not less than 2×10 9 CFU / g;

[0051] The thermophilic coprophilic Streptomyces is from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, with the strain number CGMCC4.6959; the viable bacterial count is not less than 3.5×10 9 CFU / g;

[0052] The urea Bacillus is from the China General Microbial Culture Collection Center, with the strain number CGMCC1.7272; the viable bacterial count is not less than 5.5×10 9 CFU / g;

[0053] The thermophilic new Bacillus sp. is from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, with the strain number of CGMCC1.12771; the viable bacterial count is not less than 2.5×10 9 CFU / g.

[0054] Preparation of tomato straw compost base material: crush tomato straw with a moisture content of 50-70% into 1-3 cm small segments, and then fully mix with fresh cow dung (dry weight basis), adjust the C / N of the initial mixed raw material to 26 by urea, add an extremely thermophilic composite bacterial agent for composting, and the effective viable bacteria count of the extremely thermophilic composite bacterial agent is 5×10 9 CFU / mL, turn the compost every two days during the first 6 days of composting, and turn it every 5 days in the later period, keep the moisture content of the compost at 50%-60%, stop turning the compost when the temperature of the compost drops below 32°C, and the temperature of the compost will naturally drop to the ambient temperature. The product in the compost will be brown, without irritating odor, and the naturally loose granular structure means it is fully decomposed, thus obtaining the decomposed tomato straw base material.

[0055] The nutrient element loaded biochar is as follows: 5% calcium sulfate, 3% magnesium sulfate, 0.6% ferrous sulfate, 0.4% copper sulfate, 0.6% zinc sulfate, 0.3% manganese sulfate, 00.2% sodium molybdate and 0.5% borax are added to the tomato straw biochar precursor, the mixture and agate balls are added into an agate jar at a ratio of 1:10 (w / w), and then put into a planetary ball mill at a speed of 300 rpm. After grinding for 4 hours, it is sieved through a 200 mesh sieve to obtain the nutrient element loaded biochar.

[0056] The preparation method of tomato straw biochar precursor is as follows: crush the tomato straw into about 5 cm, dry it to constant weight, and then pyrolyze it by oxygen-limited pyrolysis at a pyrolysis temperature of 400°C. After anaerobic drying for 2 hours, it is naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain the tomato straw biochar precursor.

[0057] Preparation method of functional vegetable seedling medium (T2) based on tomato straw modification: 6 parts of peat, 4 parts of tomato straw decomposed base material, 1.6 parts of perlite, 0.2 parts of nutrient element loaded biochar, 0.15 parts of mineral source potassium humate, and 0.02 parts of diatomaceous earth were mixed evenly to obtain the functional vegetable seedling medium based on tomato straw modification. The physical and chemical properties of the seedling medium are shown in Table 1.

[0058] Example 3

[0059] The components of the functional vegetable seedling medium (T3) based on modified tomato straw include, by weight: 7 parts of peat, 3 parts of decomposed tomato straw base material, 2 parts of perlite, 0.2 parts of nutrient element loaded biochar, 0.2 parts of mineral potassium humate, and 0.02 parts of diatomaceous earth.

[0060] The components of the tomato straw composting base material include: tomato straw, fresh cow dung, and extremely thermophilic compound bacterial agent; the usage ratio of tomato straw, fresh cow dung, and extremely thermophilic compound bacterial agent is 1:3:0.001.

[0061] The extremely thermophilic composite bacterial agent includes thermophilic marine bacteria, thermophilic hyphomyces, thermophilic fecal streptomyces, geourea bacillus, and thermophilic new bacillus; the usage ratio of thermophilic marine bacteria, thermophilic hyphomyces, thermophilic fecal streptomyces, geourea bacillus, and thermophilic new bacillus is 4:2:1:2:1.5.

[0062] The thermophilic sea bacteria are from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, with the strain number CGMCC1.12207; the viable bacteria count is not less than 7.5×10 9 CFU / g;

[0063] The thermophilic hyphomyces yeast is from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, and the strain number is CGMCC2.4939; the viable bacterial count is not less than 2×10 9 CFU / g;

[0064] The thermophilic coprophilic Streptomyces is from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, with the strain number CGMCC4.6959; the viable bacterial count is not less than 3.5×10 9 CFU / g;

[0065] The urea Bacillus is from the China General Microbial Culture Collection Center, with the strain number CGMCC1.7272; the viable bacterial count is not less than 5.5×10 9 CFU / g;

[0066] The thermophilic new Bacillus sp. is from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, with the strain number of CGMCC1.12771; the viable bacterial count is not less than 2.5×10 9 CFU / g.

[0067] Preparation of tomato straw compost base material: crush tomato straw with a moisture content of 50-70% into 1-3 cm small segments, and then fully mix with fresh cow dung (dry weight basis), adjust the C / N of the initial mixed raw material to 27 by urea, add an extremely thermophilic composite bacterial agent for composting, and the effective viable bacteria count of the extremely thermophilic composite bacterial agent is 5×10 9 CFU / mL, turn the compost every two days for the first 6 days of composting, and turn it every 5 days in the later period, keep the moisture content of the compost at 55%, when the temperature of the pile drops below 32℃, stop turning the compost, and the temperature of the pile will naturally drop to the ambient temperature. The product in the pile will be brown, without irritating odor, and the naturally loose granular structure means it is fully decomposed, thus obtaining the decomposed tomato straw base material.

[0068] The nutrient element loaded biochar was mixed with tomato straw biochar precursor according to the addition amount of calcium sulfate 4%, magnesium sulfate 4%, ferrous sulfate 0.6%, copper sulfate 0.4%, zinc sulfate 0.5%, manganese sulfate 0.3%, sodium molybdate 0.2%, and borax 0.6%. The mixture and agate balls were added into an agate tank at a ratio of 1:10 (w / w), and then put into a planetary ball mill at a speed of 300 rpm. After grinding for 4 hours, it was passed through a 200 mesh sieve to obtain nutrient element loaded biochar. The desorption rates of Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu after nutrient element loaded biochar were shown in Figure 2. Figure 2 .

[0069] The preparation method of tomato straw biochar precursor is as follows: crush the tomato straw into about 5 cm, dry it to constant weight, and then pyrolyze it by oxygen-limited pyrolysis at a pyrolysis temperature of 400°C. After anaerobic drying for 2 hours, it is naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain the tomato straw biochar precursor.

[0070] Preparation method of functional vegetable seedling substrate (T3) based on tomato straw modification: 7 parts of peat, 3 parts of tomato straw decomposed base material, 2 parts of perlite, 0.2 parts of nutrient element loaded biochar, 0.2 parts of mineral source potassium humate, and 0.02 parts of diatomaceous earth are mixed evenly to obtain the functional vegetable seedling substrate based on tomato straw modification. The physical and chemical properties of the seedling substrate are shown in Table 1, and the dynamic change diagram of the temperature of the treated compost is shown in Figure 1 .

[0071] Comparative Example 1

[0072] The difference from Example 3 is that the extremely thermophilic composite bacterial agent is replaced by a conventional decomposing bacterial agent (EM fermentation bacteria, purchased from Zhengzhou Baiyibao Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), and the other conditions are the same as those in Example 3 to prepare a seedling culture matrix (B1). The physical and chemical properties are shown in Table 1, and the dynamic change diagram of the temperature of the treated compost is shown in Figure 1 .

[0073] Comparative Example 2

[0074] The difference from Example 3 is that no nutrient element loaded biochar is added, and other conditions are the same as those in Example 3 to prepare a seedling medium (B2). The physical and chemical properties are shown in Table 1.

[0075] Table 1 Physical and chemical properties of matrix

[0076] deal with <![CDATA[Bulk density (g / cm 3 )]]> Total porosity (%) pH EC(mS / cm) T1 0.706c 66.36a 6.12a 0.706b T2 0.705c 65.42a 6.18a 0.716b T3 0.708c 67.22a 6.21a 0.727b B1 0.725b 61.41b 6.12a 0.804ab B2 0.736a 62.35b 6.14a 0.812a

[0077] Note: CK is a conventional seedling medium on the market, T1, T2 and T3 are three functional tomato straw seedling medium products produced by this technology, the same below.

[0078] Depend on Figure 1 As can be seen from Table 1, the extremely thermophilic composite bacterial agent used in the embodiment of the present invention can rapidly increase the temperature of the pile in a short period of time, significantly improve the composting efficiency of tomato straw, significantly reduce the bulk density of the matrix, and increase the total porosity of the matrix, thereby making the matrix have better permeability and promoting the healthy growth of seedlings.

[0079] Application Examples

[0080] The seedling medium T1 to T3 of the embodiment and the seedling medium B1 to B2 of the comparative example were used for pepper seedlings. The different matrices were filled into the plug trays, pepper seeds were sown, and normal seedling raising was carried out. After the pepper seedlings grew for 64 days, the growth status was investigated. The seedling emergence rate and the number of leaves were calculated, and the plant height and the length and width of the three leaves were measured with a ruler. The average leaf area was calculated using the formula and recorded; the stem diameter was measured with a vernier caliper. After harvesting, the aboveground part was cut off at the stem, the plant was rinsed with distilled water, the surface dust and the root matrix were removed, the surface moisture was absorbed, the fresh weight of the aboveground part and the underground part were weighed respectively, and the data were recorded. The data was accurate to 0.0001g. Place the treated plants and roots on kraft paper respectively, put them into an oven at 105℃ for 10 minutes to inactivate enzymes and other active substances in the plant body and reduce the error caused by the plant's own consumption during the drying process; then set the temperature to 65℃ and bake to constant weight, weigh the dry weight of the aboveground and underground parts, record the data, and put the dried aboveground and underground parts of the plants into the same ziplock bag for later use.

[0081] Table 2 Effects of functional vegetable seedling medium on the growth of pepper seedlings

[0082]

[0083] As can be seen from Table 2, the performance data of the pepper seedlings in the embodiment of the present invention, such as plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, aboveground dry weight, underground dry weight, total weight, and seedling index, are all higher than those in the control group. It can be seen that the vegetable seedling-raising matrix in the embodiment of the present invention has a loose structure, and has excellent water retention and porosity. It can be used as a basic carrier for crop seedling production, realizes the slow-release supply of trace elements, stimulates the root development of crop seedlings, and provides a basis for producing strong seedlings.

Claims

1. A functional vegetable seedling substrate based on vegetable straw modification, characterized in that: The matrix components include, by weight: 6-7 parts of peat, 3-4 parts of tomato straw compost base material, 1.5-2 parts of perlite, 0.1-0.3 parts of nutrient element loaded biochar, 0.1-0.2 parts of mineral source potassium humate, and 0.01-0.03 parts of diatomaceous earth.

2. The functional vegetable seedling substrate based on modified tomato straw according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tomato straw composting base material components include: tomato straw, fresh cow dung, and extremely thermophilic compound bacterial agent; wherein the usage ratio of the tomato straw, fresh cow dung, and extremely thermophilic compound bacterial agent is 1-1.5:3-5:0.001-0.0015.

3. The functional vegetable seedling substrate based on tomato straw modification according to claim 2, characterized in that: The extremely thermophilic composite bacterial agent includes thermophilic marine bacteria, thermophilic hyphomyces, thermophilic fecal streptomyces, geourea bacillus, and thermophilic neobacillus; The usage ratio of thermophilic marine bacteria, thermophilic mycosporon, thermophilic fecal streptomyces, urea bacillus and thermophilic new bacillus is 4-5:2-3:1-2:2-4:1-2.

4. The functional vegetable seedling substrate based on modified tomato straw according to claim 2, characterized in that: The preparation method of the tomato straw decomposed base material comprises the following steps: crushing the tomato straw with a water content of 50-70%, mixing it with fresh cow dung, adding an extremely thermophilic composite bacterial agent for composting, turning the straw every two days for the first 6 days of composting, and then turning the straw every five days to keep the moisture content of the compost at 50-60%, and stopping turning the straw when the temperature of the pile drops to 32°C, and the temperature of the pile drops to the ambient temperature to obtain the tomato straw decomposed base material.

5. The functional vegetable seedling substrate based on tomato straw modification according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nutrient element loaded biochar is obtained by mixing tomato straw biochar precursor with calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, sodium molybdate, and borax and then grinding through a 200-mesh sieve; Based on the weight of the tomato straw biochar raw material, the amount of calcium sulfate added is 3-5%, the amount of magnesium sulfate added is 3-5%, the amount of ferrous sulfate added is 0.5-0.8%, the amount of copper sulfate added is 0.3-0.5%, the amount of zinc sulfate added is 0.5-0.6%, the amount of manganese sulfate added is 0.2-0.3%, the amount of sodium molybdate added is 0.1-0.2%, and the amount of borax added is 0.5-0.8%.

6. The functional vegetable seedling substrate based on modified tomato straw according to claim 5, characterized in that: Tomato straw biochar precursor is made from tomato straw by oxygen-limited pyrolysis.

7. The functional vegetable seedling substrate based on modified tomato straw according to claim 6, characterized in that: The preparation method of tomato straw biochar precursor is as follows: fresh tomato straw is crushed into 3-5 cm, dried to constant weight, and then pyrolyzed by oxygen-limited pyrolysis at a pyrolysis temperature of 400-450°C. After anaerobic drying for 2-2.5 hours, the tomato straw biochar precursor is naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain the tomato straw biochar precursor.

8. The functional vegetable seedling substrate based on modified tomato straw according to claim 5, characterized in that: The preparation method of nutrient element loaded biochar is as follows: 3-5% calcium sulfate, 3-5% magnesium sulfate, 0.5-0.8% ferrous sulfate, 0.3-0.5% copper sulfate, 0.5-0.6% zinc sulfate, 0.2-0.3% manganese sulfate, 0.1-0.2% sodium molybdate and 0.5-0.8% borax are added to tomato straw biochar precursor, the mixture and agate balls are added into an agate tank at a ratio of 1-1.5:10 (w / w), and then put into a planetary ball mill at a speed of 300-320 rpm, grind for 4-5 hours and then pass through a 200 mesh sieve to obtain nutrient element loaded biochar.

Images