Telescopic steel drill probe, permafrost active layer thickness measurement system and method

Abstract

The present invention provides a telescopic steel drill probe, a permafrost active layer thickness measurement system and method, and relates to the field of geological exploration. The telescopic steel drill probe is used in the measurement of the permafrost active layer thickness, and includes: a first steel drill, a second steel drill, a slider, a baffle and a connector; one end of the first steel drill is set as a conical structure, and the other end of the first steel drill is sleeved on the second steel drill through a connector, and is detachably connected to the second steel drill; the baffle includes: a first baffle and a second baffle; the first baffle and the second baffle are spaced apart and arranged at one end of the second steel drill away from the first steel drill; the slider is sleeved on the second steel drill and slides between the first baffle and the second baffle. The telescopic steel drill probe provided in the embodiment of the present application is simple and labor-saving to operate, highly portable, and suitable for high-cold and high-altitude oxygen-deficient environments. The telescopic steel drill probe can be used to measure the thickness of the permafrost active layer at various depths, and the steel drill probe has a wider range of uses.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of geological prospecting technology, and in particular to a telescopic steel drill probe, a permafrost active layer thickness measurement system and a method. Background Art

[0002] The active layer refers to the shallow surface layer above the permafrost that melts in summer and freezes in winter. The global permafrost area is 22 million km 2 , is one of the important geographical elements that affect the global hydrosphere, biosphere and atmosphere. The thickness of the active layer above it has an important impact on the growth of alpine vegetation and the ecological environment. The response of the active layer thickness to climate change has attracted widespread attention from the environmental and earth science community, engineering operation and maintenance and other related stakeholders. Strengthening the monitoring of active layer thickness, studying its spatial differentiation and its response to climate warming, especially the impact on permafrost and ecological environment in alpine and high-altitude areas has become the main monitoring and research content of most international scientific research programs.

[0003] The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the most widely distributed permafrost region in the world's mid- and low-latitudes, with a permafrost area of ​​1 million km. 2 The above characteristics are high permafrost temperature and large active layer thickness. The existing monitoring of the active layer thickness of permafrost in high-cold and high-altitude areas mostly uses ordinary steel probes. During measurement, the steel probe is inserted into the permafrost active layer to be measured, and the active layer thickness is detected according to the scale on the steel probe.

[0004] However, when using the above method for measurement, when the active layer is deep or there are hard obstacles such as rocks at the bottom of the active layer, the measurement results will be inaccurate due to defects in the measuring device, and it will be impossible to provide researchers with reliable and powerful research data. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a telescopic steel drill probe, a permafrost active layer thickness measurement system and method, which are used to solve the problem of inaccurate permafrost active layer thickness measurement in high-cold and high-altitude areas in the prior art.

[0006] The embodiment of the present invention is achieved as follows:

[0007] The first aspect of the present invention provides a telescopic steel drill probe, which is used in measuring the thickness of the active layer of permafrost, and comprises: a first steel drill, a second steel drill, a slider, a baffle and a connecting piece;

[0008] One end of the first steel bar is configured as a conical structure, and the other end of the first steel bar is sleeved on the second steel bar through the connecting piece and is detachably connected to the second steel bar;

[0009] The baffle comprises: a first baffle and a second baffle;

[0010] The first baffle and the second baffle are spaced apart and arranged at an end of the second steel drill away from the first steel drill;

[0011] The sliding block is sleeved on the second steel drill and slides between the first baffle plate and the second baffle plate.

[0012] Optionally, a third steel chisel is also included;

[0013] Two ends of the third steel bar are respectively connected with the first steel bar and the second steel bar through the connecting piece, and are respectively detachably connected with the first steel bar and the second steel bar.

[0014] Optionally, the second steel drill and the third steel drill are hollow steel drills;

[0015] Adjustment holes are respectively provided at the ends of the first steel bar, the second steel bar and the third steel bar that are sleeved with each other.

[0016] Optionally, the first steel bar, the second steel bar and the third steel bar are all provided with scales.

[0017] Optionally, a handle is also included;

[0018] The handles include two, and the two handles are respectively arranged at two ends of the slider.

[0019] The second aspect of the present invention provides a permafrost active layer thickness measurement system, comprising the telescopic steel drill probe, the temperature measuring instrument and the freeze-thaw pipe described in the first aspect;

[0020] The telescopic steel drill probe, the temperature measuring instrument and the freeze-thaw tube obtain a first thickness value, a second thickness value and a third thickness value respectively.

[0021] Optionally, the thermometer comprises: a protective shell and a temperature probe;

[0022] The temperature probes include a plurality of temperature probes, and the plurality of temperature probes are arranged in the protective shell at equal intervals.

[0023] Optionally, the freeze-thaw pipe comprises: an inner pipe and an outer pipe;

[0024] The inner tube is embedded in the outer tube and moves in the outer tube;

[0025] There is a gap between the inner tube and the outer tube, and the gap is filled with a buffer.

[0026] The third aspect of the present invention provides a method for measuring the thickness of the active layer of permafrost, which is applied to the device for measuring the thickness of the active layer of permafrost described in the second aspect. Measuring the thickness of the active layer using the telescopic steel drill probe and the temperature measuring instrument includes:

[0027] Determine whether there are obstacles in the point to be measured;

[0028] If there is no obstacle, insert the telescopic steel drill probe into the point to be measured, and obtain the first thickness value according to the scale of the telescopic steel drill probe;

[0029] If there is an obstacle, the telescopic steel drill probe is taken out from the point to be measured, and the thermometer is inserted into the point to be measured to obtain the temperature profile, and the second thickness value is obtained according to the temperature profile and the depth at which 0°C appears.

[0030] Optionally, measuring the thickness of the active layer using the freeze-thaw tube includes:

[0031] The freeze-thaw pipe is inserted into a preset fixed measuring point, and the third thickness value is obtained according to the ice-water conversion amount in the freeze-thaw pipe.

[0032] The beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present invention are as follows: the telescopic steel drill probe provided by the present application has good portability, simple and labor-saving operation, and the telescopic steel drill probe can be used to monitor the thickness of the active layer of permafrost at various depths in high-cold, high-altitude and oxygen-deficient areas, and the gravity impulse provided by the slider can save manpower to a certain extent; at the same time, combined with the use of a thermometer, misjudgment caused by natural conditions and human factors can be avoided, and measurement accuracy can be improved; in addition, the measurement results of the frozen-thawed pipe are compared with the measurement results of the telescopic steel drill probe and the thermometer, which can further verify the accuracy of the measurement results and improve the credibility of the measurement results. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0034] Figure 1 The telescopic steel drill probe structure provided in the embodiment of the present application is schematically shown in FIG. Figure 1 ;

[0035] Figure 2 The telescopic steel drill probe structure provided in the embodiment of the present application is schematically shown in FIG. Figure 2 ;

[0036] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a thermometer provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the freeze-thaw pipe structure provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0038] Icons: 110 - first steel chisel; 120 - second steel chisel; 130 - slider; 140 - first baffle; 150 - second baffle; 160 - third steel chisel; 170 - handle; 210 - protective shell; 220 - temperature probe; 310 - outer tube; 320 - inner tube; 330 - L-type melting tube support frame; 340 - melting tube scriber. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0040] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, further definition and explanation thereof is not required in subsequent drawings.

[0042] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or the positions or positional relationships in which the product of the invention is usually placed when in use. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific position, be constructed and operated in a specific position, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used to distinguish the description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0043] In addition, the terms "horizontal", "vertical" and the like do not mean that the components are required to be absolutely horizontal or suspended, but can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0044] In the description of the present invention, it is also necessary to explain that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "set", "install", "connect", and "connect" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0045] First embodiment

[0046] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 The telescopic steel drill probe structure provided in the embodiment of the present application is schematically shown in FIG. Figure 1 The telescopic steel drill probe is used for measuring the thickness of the active layer of permafrost, and includes: a first steel drill 110, a second steel drill 120, a slider 130, a baffle and a connecting piece.

[0047] One end of the first steel drill 110 is configured as a conical structure, and the other end of the first steel drill 110 is sleeved on the second steel drill 120 through a connecting piece and is detachably connected to the second steel drill 120 .

[0048] It should be noted that when measuring the thickness of the active layer of permafrost, the telescopic steel drill probe can be inserted into the selected measuring point in the area to be measured for measurement. One end of the first steel drill 110 is set to a conical structure. The conical structure can reduce the viscosity and resistance of the soil during the downward drilling process, reduce the burden on the operators, speed up the drilling process, and is more suitable for extreme oxygen-deficient environments at high altitudes and cold weather.

[0049] Optionally, the conical structure may be a separate solid cone, and the solid cone may be connected to one end of the first steel drill 110. This embodiment does not impose any specific limitation on the method for setting the conical structure.

[0050] Optionally, the first steel bar 110 and the second steel bar 120 can be cylindrical or square, without limitation. They can be tubes that match each other and can be socketed, and the diameters of the two steel bar are different so that the two steel bar can be socketed with each other. Adjustment holes can be opened at both ends of the first steel bar 110 and the second steel bar 120 respectively, and they are connected by bayonet pins. According to actual needs, the socket length can be flexibly adjusted. Alternatively, a sliding component can be provided between the first steel bar 110 and the second steel bar 120, such as a slide groove and a slide rail, so that the first steel bar 110 and the second steel bar 120 can slide to form a certain socket section. In this embodiment, there is no limitation on the shapes of the first steel bar 110 and the second steel bar 120. In addition, there is no specific limitation on the socketing form thereof, as long as the first steel bar 110 and the second steel bar 120 are detachably connected and can be extended or compressed to reach a preset length.

[0051] As for the above-mentioned connecting piece, it can be a pin, or a bolt, etc., and there is no specific limitation here.

[0052] The baffle includes: a first baffle 140 and a second baffle 150 ; the first baffle 140 and the second baffle 150 are spaced apart and arranged at an end of the second steel drill 120 away from the first steel drill 110 .

[0053] It should be noted that the first baffle 140 and the second baffle 150 may be sleeved on one end of the second steel drill 120, or may be fixedly connected to the second steel drill 120 via a connecting piece.

[0054] The slider 130 is sleeved on the second steel drill 120 and slides between the first baffle 140 and the second baffle 150 .

[0055] It should be noted that the slider 130 and the second steel drill 120 can be sleeved together through threaded screw holes and sleeved between the first baffle 140 and the second baffle 150. Optionally, the slider 130 can be an iron block with sufficient weight, such as 5KG, so that the slider 130 can slide between the first baffle 140 and the second baffle 150 under the action of its own gravity to provide a certain downward impulse to the telescopic steel drill probe, so as to facilitate the steel drill probe to perform the drilling task underground.

[0056] In addition, the slider 130 is arranged between the first baffle plate 140 and the second baffle plate 150. The first baffle plate 140 and the second baffle plate 150 can play a certain role in limiting and bearing impulse, so that the slider 130 will not be damaged due to too much downward impulse during movement, or due to too much upward impulse when the steel drill probe is pulled out of the active layer after use, and the upper and lower parts of the steel drill probe will not be damaged.

[0057] Optionally, there is no specific restriction on the gravity of the slider 130 , and a suitable gravity can be selected according to the actual soil conditions of the active layer, as long as it can exert a certain gravity during the downward drilling process to reduce manpower.

[0058] The telescopic steel drill probe provided in the embodiment of the present application is easy to operate, labor-saving, and highly portable. Through the telescopic connection structure between the first steel drill 110 and the second steel drill 120, the telescopic steel drill probe can be used to measure the thickness of the active layer of permafrost at various depths, and the steel drill probe has a wider range of uses. In addition, the gravity of the slider 130 is used to provide a downward force, which saves the labor of the operator to a certain extent.

[0059] Figure 2 The telescopic steel drill probe structure provided in the embodiment of the present application is schematically shown in FIG. Figure 2 , optionally, as Figure 2 As shown, a third steel bar 160 is also included; two ends of the third steel bar 160 are respectively sleeved with the first steel bar 110 and the second steel bar 120 through connecting pieces, and are respectively detachably connected to the first steel bar 110 and the second steel bar 120.

[0060] like Figure 2 As shown in , optionally, the telescopic steel drill probe can also include a third steel drill 160, and the first steel drill 110, the second steel drill 120 and the third steel drill 160 are mutually sleeved to form the telescopic structure, wherein the length of the first steel drill 110 can be 1.5m, and the lengths of the second steel drill 120 and the third steel drill 160 are both 0.5m, that is, the length of the telescopic steel drill probe can reach 2.5m in a fully stretched state. In this way, when the thickness of the active layer is less than 1.5m, the length of the first steel drill 110 is directly used for measurement, when the thickness of the active layer is greater than 1.5m, the third steel drill 160 is pulled out, and when the thickness of the active layer is greater than 2.0m, the second steel drill 120 with a length of 0.5m is pulled out for measurement. With this telescopic structure, the thickness of the active layer within a reasonable range can be conveniently measured.

[0061] It should be noted that the maximum length of the telescopic steel drill probe in the fully stretched state is designed based on the thickness range of the active layer under normal conditions. Optionally, the lengths of the first steel drill 110, the second steel drill 120 and the third steel drill 160 are not limited to those listed in this embodiment, and can be designed arbitrarily, and their total length is not limited to the above 2.5m, and can be set according to actual conditions.

[0062] Similarly, the connection method between the third steel bar 160 and the first steel bar 110 and the second steel bar 120 is the same as the connection method and principle between the first steel bar 110 and the second steel bar 120, which will not be repeated here.

[0063] Optionally, the second steel drill 120 and the third steel drill 160 are hollow steel drills.

[0064] It should be noted that the second steel bar 120 and the third steel bar 160 are both designed as hollow steel bars, which can facilitate their mutual connection, and the first steel bar 110 can be set to use a solid steel bar, which is conducive to the steel bar probe having a better performance of bearing pressure during the process of inserting the steel bar into the active layer, and effectively preventing the steel bar probe from being deformed by pressure. Optionally, the first steel bar 110, the second steel bar 120 and the third steel bar 160 can all be made of stainless steel materials with good hardness, or can also be made of titanium alloy materials, which have the characteristics of light weight and high hardness, so that when used in harsh environments, they have good pressure resistance and antifreeze ability, and are light and easy to carry.

[0065] Adjustment holes are respectively formed at the ends of the first steel drill 110 , the second steel drill 120 and the third steel drill 160 which are sleeved with each other.

[0066] Optionally, a plurality of adjustment holes can be provided at one end of the first steel bar 110, the second steel bar 120 and the third steel bar 160 that are mutually socketed, and any adjustment hole can be selected to be interconnected by means of a bayonet or a bolt. In addition, according to the length requirement of the steel bar probe, any adjustment hole can be connected to achieve free extension and retraction.

[0067] Optionally, the first steel chisel 110 , the second steel chisel 120 and the third steel chisel 160 are all provided with scales.

[0068] It should be noted that when the steel drill probe is inserted into the active layer to measure the thickness of the active layer, the scales on the first steel drill 110, the second steel drill 120 and the third steel drill 160 can be directly read to obtain the thickness of the active layer. Optionally, the minimum unit of the scales on the first steel drill 110, the second steel drill 120 and the third steel drill 160 can be 10 mm. In addition, no scale may be set. After the steel drill probe is inserted into the bottom of the active layer, a mark may be made at the steel drill position at the critical point between the active layer and the ground. After the probe is taken out, a ruler may be used to measure the length from the bottom of the cone of the first steel drill 110 to the marked position as the thickness of the active layer.

[0069] Optionally, a handle 170 is further included; two handles 170 are included, and the two handles 170 are respectively disposed at two ends of the slider 130 .

[0070] It should be noted that handles 170 are provided at both ends of the slider 130, which can facilitate the staff to apply force through the handles 170 when inserting the probe into the active layer or pulling it out of the active layer, saving the staff's labor and providing a better working experience for the staff. In addition, anti-slip components can be provided on the handles 170, such as anti-slip silicone sleeves, etc., to further improve the staff's use experience.

[0071] The telescopic steel drill probe provided in the embodiment of the present application is simple to operate and labor-saving, and has high portability. Through the telescopic connection structure between the first steel drill 110 and the second steel drill 120, the telescopic steel drill probe can be used to measure the thickness of the active layer of permafrost at various depths, and the steel drill probe has a wider range of uses. In addition, the gravity of the slider 130 is used to provide a downward force, which saves the labor of the operator to a certain extent and is suitable for high-altitude hypoxic environments. At the same time, handles 170 are provided at both ends of the slider 130, so that the operator has a better hand feel experience during the operation.

[0072] Second embodiment

[0073] Please refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 , Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a thermometer provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the freeze-thaw pipe structure provided in an embodiment of the present application; the permafrost active layer thickness measurement system provided in the present application includes the telescopic steel drill probe, the temperature meter and the freeze-thaw pipe in the above embodiment.

[0074] It should be noted that when measuring the thickness of the permafrost active layer, the above-mentioned telescopic steel drill probe, thermometer and freeze-thaw tube can be selectively used in combination according to the actual situation of the active layer to improve the accuracy of the measurement of the thickness of the permafrost active layer.

[0075] The telescopic steel drill probe, the temperature measuring instrument and the freeze-thaw tube respectively obtain the first thickness value, the second thickness value and the third thickness value.

[0076] It should be noted that the above-mentioned telescopic steel drill probe, thermometer and freeze-thaw tube may all contain scales. When measuring, the active layer thickness value can be read according to the scale. Optionally, a marking method can be used to measure the length from the bottom of the device to the marked position to obtain the active layer thickness value.

[0077] Optionally, in different situations, the first thickness value, the second thickness value and the third thickness value may all represent the actual thickness of the active layer.

[0078] Optionally, a preset size of active layer thickness monitoring site can be selected, for example 100m 2 , divide it into multiple grids (such as 10m intervals) evenly, and obtain multiple grid points. Because freeze-thaw pipes are relatively expensive and difficult to move and carry, freeze-thaw pipes can be placed at preset fixed points to carry out long-term monitoring of the fixed points. At any other grid point, a telescopic steel drill probe can be used in conjunction with a thermometer to measure the thickness of the active layer.

[0079] Specifically, when the active layer to be measured does not contain obstacles, such as hard stones or underground ice, when the telescopic steel drill probe is inserted into the active layer for measurement, the conical structure at one end of the first steel drill 110 can reach the bottom of the active layer, that is, the junction of the active layer and the frozen soil layer. At this time, the probe cannot go deeper, and the scale on the probe is read to obtain the first thickness value, that is, the thickness of the active layer. When obstacles such as underground ice or hard stones are encountered during the measurement of the thickness of the active layer, the probe will be prevented from continuing to go deeper, thereby misleading the staff into thinking that the probe has reached the bottom of the active layer and obtaining an erroneous active layer thickness value. The probe can be taken out here and the above-mentioned temperature measurement is performed. The instrument is placed in the same measuring point, and the second thickness value, i.e., the active layer thickness, is read according to the temperature profile obtained by the thermometer and the depth at which 0°C appears. In addition, the freeze-thaw tube can be directly used for long-term monitoring of the active layer thickness, and it can be directly inserted into the selected fixed measuring point. In the maximum melting season of the active layer, the third thickness value, i.e., the active layer thickness, is obtained according to the characteristics of ice-water conversion in the freeze-thaw tube and the color change of methylene blue in the frozen state. At the same time, for the fixed measuring point, the above-mentioned telescopic steel drill probe and the thermometer can be used to perform a second measurement of the active layer thickness, and the two measurement results can be compared to verify the measurement accuracy of the method provided in the present application.

[0080] Optionally, the thermometer includes: a protective shell 210 and a temperature probe 220 ; the temperature probe 220 includes a plurality of temperature probes 220 , and the plurality of temperature probes 220 are arranged in the protective shell 210 at equal intervals.

[0081] like Figure 3 As shown, the thermometer includes a plurality of temperature probes 220 arranged at equal intervals, and the plurality of temperature probes 220 are all encapsulated in a protective shell 210. Optionally, the protective shell 210 can be made of a polyethylene aluminum-plastic composite material, which has the good property of not being easily deformed, so that it will not be deformed due to low-temperature shrinkage in frozen soil. Of course, the protective shell 210 is also not limited to being made of a polyethylene aluminum-plastic composite material, and any material that meets a certain hardness and is not easily deformed can be used.

[0082] Optionally, the thermometer used in this embodiment includes 20 temperature probes 220, each temperature probe 220 is set at an interval of 20 cm, and the temperature probe 220 is made of platinum material. The platinum probe has good characteristics such as high measurement accuracy, small measurement error (approximately ±0.05°C) and long service life. Of course, the material of the temperature probe 220 is not limited to platinum, and materials with similar characteristics can be selected according to actual conditions. Optionally, the number and spacing of the temperature probes 220 can be set according to the situation of the active layer.

[0083] Specifically, as mentioned above, when an obstacle is encountered during the measurement of the active layer thickness, the thermometer including the temperature probe 220 can be inserted into the point to be measured to measure the temperature. In this way, 20 temperature values ​​distributed along the depth will be obtained, that is, the temperature profile will be obtained. According to the definition of the active layer, the active layer thickness is the maximum depth of penetration of the 0°C isotherm. The intersection of the temperature profile and 0°C is selected, and the distance from the intersection to the first temperature point at the top of the thermometer is the active layer thickness.

[0084] Optionally, the freeze-thaw tube includes: an inner tube 320 and an outer tube 310; the inner tube 320 is embedded in the outer tube 310 and moves in the outer tube 310; there is a gap between the inner tube 320 and the outer tube 310, and the gap is filled with a buffer.

[0085] like Figure 4 As shown, the diameter of the inner tube 320 of the freeze-thaw tube needs to be smaller than the diameter of the outer tube 310, so that the inner tube 320 can be placed in the outer tube 310 and can move freely in the outer tube 310. There can be a certain gap between the inner tube 320 and the outer tube 310, and the gap can be filled with a certain amount of antifreeze or engine oil to prevent freezing between the inner tube 320 and the outer tube 310 in a low temperature environment (such as winter). In addition, sand can be filled between the inner and outer tubes 310 so that there will be no temperature difference when the inner and outer tubes 310 are in full contact.

[0086] Optionally, when the freeze-thaw tube is placed in the frozen soil for measurement, the inner tube 320 can be filled with clean water, and the clean water in the inner tube 320 will freeze in a cold environment. When the maximum melting depth of the frozen soil is reached, the temperature at the bottom of the inner tube 320 is still below 0°C, and the ice at the bottom will not melt. The depth of the melted ice in the inner tube 320 is also the maximum melting depth, that is, the thickness of the active layer. It should be noted that according to the definition of the active layer of permafrost, the permafrost temperature remains below 0°C for two years or more, and the thickness of the active layer is the maximum penetration depth of the 0°C isotherm. The melting depth of the ice in the inner tube 320 of the freeze-thaw tube inserted into the active layer of permafrost is the thickness of the active layer.

[0087] For example, initially, the ice content in the inner tube 320 is 100 mm. When the maximum melting season arrives, the ice in the active layer begins to melt into water. At this time, the remaining ice content is 60 mm, and the thickness of the active layer is 40 mm.

[0088] It should be noted that the freezing process of the active layer of permafrost in late autumn and early winter involves a two-way freezing process from top to bottom and from bottom to top. Therefore, optionally, a tightly packed mixture of colored fine sand, lead particles and pebbles can be added to the inner tube 320. During the two-way freezing process, the colored fine sand will migrate to the freezing front with the cold absorption effect and stay at the freezing front, thereby judging the two-way freezing depth of the active layer; when the ice melts into water, the colored fine sand will be at the junction of ice and water, which can help operators obtain its position faster and more accurately.

[0089] In addition, methylene blue or a fluorescein saturated sand mixture may be loaded into the inner tube 320, which may change color when frozen at 0°C, thereby helping operators to more accurately obtain the ice-water interface position.

[0090] Optionally, the bottom of the inner tube 320 may also include an expansion chamber and a release hole. When an ice-water phase change occurs in the inner tube 320, a certain volume change will occur. The expansion chamber and the release hole can play a certain buffering role and avoid damage to the inner tube 320 caused by the liquid in the inner tube 320 when it freezes and expands.

[0091] Alternatively, if Figure 4 As shown, an L-shaped melting tube support frame 330 and a melting tube scriber 340 are also included; the L-shaped melting tube support frame 330 includes two, and the two L-shaped melting tube support frames 330 are respectively arranged on both sides of the outer tube 310.

[0092] It should be noted that a scale may be provided on the outer tube 310, and by observing the position change of the melting pipe marker 340 on the outer tube 310, it is possible to observe whether there is ground subsidence due to thawing and ground uplift due to frost heave; the L-shaped melting pipe support frame 330 is used to support the frozen-thaw pipe, preventing the frozen-thaw pipe from tilting due to external interference, etc. On the other hand, it can also provide a certain driving force for the melting pipe marker 340.

[0093] The L-shaped melting tube support frame 330 includes a horizontal support plate and a vertical support plate connected to each other; the horizontal support plate is connected to the ground through a fixing member, and the vertical support plate is close to the outer tube 310; the melting tube scriber 340 is arranged along the extension direction of the vertical support plate and slides on the side wall of the outer tube 310.

[0094] It should be noted that the horizontal support plate of the L-shaped melting pipe support frame 330 can be connected to the ground through connectors such as screws, and the vertical support plate is close to the outer tube 310, so as to support the outer tube 310. Optionally, a slide groove can be provided on the side of the outer tube 310 that contacts the melting pipe scriber 340, and a pulley can be provided on the melting pipe scriber 340 so that the melting pipe scriber 340 can slide on the side wall of the outer tube 310. Specifically, when the ground moves down or rises due to thawing or frost heave, it will drive the frozen thawing pipe to move, so that the frozen thawing pipe and the L-shaped melting pipe support frame 330 are relatively displaced, and the vertical support plate of the L-shaped melting pipe support frame 330 will drive the melting pipe scriber 340 to slide in the vertical direction along the side wall of the outer tube 310. According to the sliding distance, the distance of the ground moving down or rising can be obtained.

[0095] Optionally, the outer tube 310 is made of aluminum-plastic composite material, and the inner tube 320 is made of silicone material.

[0096] It should be noted that the outer tube 310 can be an aluminum-plastic tube (aluminum-plastic composite tube), which is a tube body made of aluminum-plastic composite materials. The aluminum-plastic tube is a new type of pipe made of a middle longitudinally welded aluminum tube, inner and outer layers of polyethylene plastic, and hot melt adhesive between layers. Polyethylene is a non-toxic, odorless plastic with good impact resistance, corrosion resistance, and weather resistance. The longitudinally welded aluminum alloy in the middle layer makes the tube have the compressive strength of metal, and the impact resistance makes the tube easy to bend without rebounding. The aluminum-plastic composite tube has the two major characteristics of the strong pressure resistance of metal tubes and the acid and alkali corrosion resistance of plastic tubes. At the same time, it is also light in weight and resistant to low temperatures. The lowest operating temperature can reach -70 to -100°C. It has good chemical stability and can withstand the corrosion of most acids and alkalis. It is insoluble in general solvents at room temperature, has low water absorption, and has excellent electrical insulation performance. Optionally, the outer tube 310 can also adopt epoxy phenolic glass cloth laminated tube, referred to as epoxy tube. Epoxy phenolic glass cloth laminated tube is a rolled product made of electrical alkali-free glass fiber cloth as the base material and epoxy phenolic resin as the adhesive, which is heated, rolled, pressed, baked and solidified. It has high mechanical strength and good electrical performance stability under high humidity, and is suitable for mechanical, electrical and electronic products.

[0097] The inner tube 320 can be made of a silicone tube, which has good cold resistance at ultra-low temperatures, good anti-frost heave performance, and a certain degree of flexibility, and will not be damaged by thermal expansion and contraction. At the same time, the inner tube 320 can also be made of a transparent material, which is convenient for the staff to observe the ice-water interface in the inner tube 320. Of course, the materials of the inner tube 320 and the outer tube 310 are not limited to those proposed in this embodiment, and materials that meet similar performance requirements can also be appropriately selected, and no specific restrictions are made without application.

[0098] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for measuring the thickness of a permafrost active layer, applied to a permafrost active layer thickness measurement system, characterized in that: The measuring system includes a telescopic steel drill probe, a temperature measuring instrument and a freeze-thaw pipe; The telescopic steel drill probe comprises: a first steel drill, a second steel drill, a slider, a baffle and a connecting piece; One end of the first steel bar is set to a conical structure, which is a solid cone. The other end of the first steel bar is sleeved on the second steel bar through the connecting piece and is detachably connected to the second steel bar. The first steel bar and the second steel bar have different diameters. A sliding component is set between the first steel bar and the second steel bar, so that the first steel bar and the second steel bar can slide to form a certain sleeve section. The diameter of the first steel drill is greater than the diameter of the second steel drill; The baffle comprises: a first baffle and a second baffle; The first baffle and the second baffle are spaced apart and arranged at an end of the second steel drill away from the first steel drill; The sliding block is sleeved on the second steel drill and slides between the first baffle plate and the second baffle plate; The telescopic steel drill probe, the temperature measuring instrument and the freeze-thaw tube respectively obtain a first thickness value, a second thickness value and a third thickness value; Measuring the thickness of the active layer using the telescopic steel drill probe and the temperature measuring instrument includes: Determine whether there are obstacles in the point to be measured; If there is no obstacle, insert the telescopic steel drill probe into the point to be measured, and obtain the first thickness value according to the scale of the telescopic steel drill probe; If there is an obstacle, the telescopic steel drill probe is taken out from the point to be measured, and the thermometer is inserted into the point to be measured to obtain the temperature profile, and the second thickness value is obtained according to the temperature profile and the depth at which 0°C appears.

2. The method for measuring the thickness of the permafrost active layer according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also included is a third steel chisel; Two ends of the third steel bar are respectively connected with the first steel bar and the second steel bar through the connecting piece, and are respectively detachably connected with the first steel bar and the second steel bar.

3. The method for measuring the thickness of the permafrost active layer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second steel drill and the third steel drill are hollow steel drills; Adjustment holes are respectively provided at the ends of the first steel bar, the second steel bar and the third steel bar that are sleeved with each other.

4. The method for measuring the thickness of the permafrost active layer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first steel bar, the second steel bar and the third steel bar are all provided with scales.

5. The method for measuring the thickness of the permafrost active layer according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes a handle; The handles include two, and the two handles are respectively arranged at two ends of the slider.

6. The method for measuring the thickness of the permafrost active layer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature measuring instrument comprises: a protective shell and a temperature probe; The temperature probes include a plurality of temperature probes, and the plurality of temperature probes are arranged in the protective shell at equal intervals.

7. The method for measuring the thickness of the permafrost active layer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The freeze-thaw pipe comprises: an inner pipe and an outer pipe; The inner tube is embedded in the outer tube and moves in the outer tube; There is a gap between the inner tube and the outer tube, and the gap is filled with a buffer.

8. The method for measuring the thickness of the permafrost active layer according to claim 1, characterized in that: Measuring the thickness of the active layer using the freeze-thaw tube includes: The freeze-thaw pipe is inserted into a preset fixed measuring point, and the third thickness value is obtained according to the ice-water conversion amount in the freeze-thaw pipe.

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