Target device

Abstract

The present invention discloses a target device, comprising: a shell (1); a target body (2) having a porous structure, the target body (2) being arranged in the shell (1) and used for receiving beam irradiation; and a heat exchange medium (3) being arranged to flow through the pores of the target body (2) so as to perform heat exchange on the target body (2); wherein the porosity of the target body (2) gradually decreases along the incident direction (A) of the beam.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of nuclear engineering, and in particular to a target device. Background Art

[0002] By applying the beam generated by an accelerator or other device to the target body of the target device, physical processes such as nuclear reactions occur in the target body, and particle flows or nuclide products that are difficult to obtain in nature can be obtained for use. During the nuclear reaction, the energy of the beam is converted into heat energy in the target body, causing the temperature of the target body to continue to rise, so the target body needs to be cooled. The current cooling methods mainly include air cooling or water cooling.

[0003] Since the energy of various beams decays exponentially after entering the target, the energy loss in the area where the beam first enters the target is faster, generating heat with higher power density on the target, making local heat exchange difficult and causing uneven heat distribution on the target, affecting the performance of the target device.

[0004] In addition, if the heat dissipation capacity is increased uniformly for different parts of the target, the flux of the product particle flow or the concentration of the product isotopes will be reduced, which will damage the practical value of the target device. Summary of the invention

[0005] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a target device to solve at least one aspect of the above technical problems.

[0006] According to one aspect of the present invention, a target device is proposed, comprising: a shell; a target body with a porous structure, the target body being arranged in the shell and used to receive beam irradiation; and a heat exchange medium, which is arranged to flow through the pores of the target body to exchange heat for the target body; wherein the porosity of the target body gradually decreases along the incident direction of the beam.

[0007] According to some embodiments, the shell is a tubular structure with openings at both ends, and the flow direction of the heat exchange medium in the shell is perpendicular to the incident direction of the beam.

[0008] According to some embodiments, the shell includes a first shell and a second shell, the first shell is a tubular structure with openings at both ends, the second shell is a tubular structure with one end closed, the first shell is arranged in the second shell, the target body is arranged in the first shell, the beam irradiates the closed end of the second shell, and the heat exchange medium flows in and out from the same side of the shell.

[0009] According to some embodiments, the shell is a box-shaped structure, the heat exchange medium accumulates in the shell, and the target body is completely immersed in the heat exchange medium.

[0010] According to some embodiments, the shell includes a plurality of inlets and a plurality of outlets, and the heat exchange medium flows in from the plurality of inlets and flows out from the plurality of outlets.

[0011] According to some embodiments, the housing comprises an incident area for allowing the beam to pass through.

[0012] According to some embodiments, the housing includes an incident opening for allowing the beam to pass through, and the target device further includes a front structure for closing the incident opening.

[0013] According to some embodiments, the target body is a one-piece structure; or the target body is composed of a plurality of parts with different porosities.

[0014] According to some embodiments, different portions of the target have different equivalent densities, wherein the highest equivalent density is more than twice the lowest equivalent density.

[0015] According to some embodiments, the size of the target is determined according to the penetration depth of the beam and the cross-sectional size of the beam.

[0016] In the target device according to the embodiment of the present invention, the porosity of the target body is gradually reduced along the incident direction of the beam, so that the heat dissipation capacity of the target body is gradually reduced along the incident direction of the beam, so that the heat of the higher power density in the initial beam entry area can be diffused to a greater extent, and the heat of the lower power density in the later beam entry area can be diffused to a smaller extent, ensuring that the heat is dissipated in a timely and uniform manner, which is conducive to improving the performance of the target device. In addition, the small porosity of the target body in the later beam entry area can prevent the flux of the product particle flow or the concentration of the product isotope from being greatly reduced, which is conducive to ensuring the practical value of the target device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, which will help to provide a comprehensive understanding of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a target device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 Shows Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a porous structure of a target body of a target device;

[0020] Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of a target device according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing a target device according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention; and

[0022] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a target device according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The technical solution of the present invention is further specifically described below through embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the specification, the same or similar reference numerals indicate the same or similar components.

[0024] In the detailed description below, for ease of explanation, many specific details are set forth to provide a comprehensive understanding of the disclosed embodiments. However, it is apparent that one or more embodiments may be implemented without these specific details. In other cases, known structures and devices are embodied in a schematic manner to simplify the accompanying drawings.

[0025] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a target device 100 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 1 As shown, the target device 100 includes: a shell 1; a target body 2 with a porous structure, which is arranged in the shell 1 and is used to receive beam irradiation; and a heat exchange medium 3, which is arranged to flow through the pores of the target body 2 to exchange heat for the target body 2; wherein the porosity of the target body 2 gradually decreases along the incident direction A of the beam.

[0026] Porosity refers to the percentage of the pore volume in a bulk material to the total volume of the material in its natural state. The beam may be protons, electrons, photons or light beams, neutrons and other microscopic charged particles. The heat exchange medium 3 may be liquid metal, liquid alloy, water or gas. In the target device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, by setting the target body 2 so that its porosity gradually decreases along the incident direction A of the beam, the heat dissipation capacity of the target body 2 gradually decreases along the incident direction A of the beam, so that the heat of the higher power density in the initial beam entry area can be diffused to a greater extent, and the heat of the lower power density in the later beam entry area can be diffused to a smaller extent, so as to ensure that the heat is dissipated in a timely and uniform manner, which is beneficial to improving the performance of the target device 100. In addition, the small porosity of the target body 2 in the later beam entry area can prevent the flux of the product particle flow or the concentration of the product isotope from being greatly reduced, which is beneficial to ensuring the practical value of the target device 100.

[0027] Figure 2 Shows Figure 1The schematic diagram of the porous structure of the target body 2 of the target device 100 is specifically a cross-sectional view of the porous structure. By setting the target body 2 as a porous structure, the heat exchange medium 3 can flow through the pores of the target body 2. Since the pores are distributed inside and outside the target body 2, there is a large contact area between the heat exchange medium 3 and the target body 2, and the contact range is wide, which is conducive to improving the heat dissipation capacity. The larger the porosity of the target body 2, the larger the heat exchange specific surface area, and the stronger the heat dissipation capacity. Among them, the specific surface area refers to the total area per unit mass of the material. In addition, the porous structure enables the heat exchange medium 3 to diffuse in it by capillary action, and the diffusion speed is fast. The porous structure can be a stacked ball structure, and the gaps in the middle of the stacked balls form the pores of the porous structure. The porous structure can be a spatial mesh structure, and the cavities in the spatial mesh structure form the pores of the porous structure. The porous structure can be obtained by processing the material, and its pore distribution can be designed as needed.

[0028] In some embodiments, the target body 2 may be an integral structure, that is, a porous structure with a gradient porosity is formed on the entire target body 2. In some embodiments, the target body 2 may be composed of a plurality of parts with different porosities, and the different parts may have a certain thickness, thereby being able to combine a porous structure with a variety of porosities. Figure 2 The target body 2 has three levels of porosity, and the porosity decreases from top to bottom. The number of porosity levels can be determined according to specific conditions, and the corresponding porosity size can be determined for each level.

[0029] Different porosities lead to different equivalent densities of materials. Different parts of the target body 2 have different equivalent densities. In the embodiment of the present invention, the highest equivalent density may be more than twice the lowest equivalent density. For example, for a target body 2 made of tungsten alloy, the lowest equivalent density of the target body 2 may be 3 grams per cubic centimeter, and the highest equivalent density may be 10 grams per cubic centimeter.

[0030] The target body 2 can be made of a hard material that can withstand a certain external force. 99 For the target device of Mo isotope, the material of the target body 2 can be selected from metal molybdenum or uranium-based alloy. For the target device for producing neutrons, the material of the target body 2 can be selected from tungsten-based alloy.

[0031] The size of the target 2 can be determined according to the penetration depth of the beam and the cross-sectional size of the beam.

[0032] Refer again Figure 1In this embodiment, the shell 1 is a tubular structure with two ends open, and the flow direction of the heat exchange medium 3 in the shell 1 is perpendicular to the incident direction A of the beam. The upper and lower ends of the target 2 can be respectively mounted on the upper and lower tube walls of the tubular structure. The tubular structure serves as a flow channel for the heat exchange medium 3 and plays a role in limiting the flow of the heat exchange medium 3. As a result, the heat exchange medium 3 in the tubular structure can flow in and out through the side of the target 2, and the heat exchange medium 3 enters the pores of the target 2 to exchange heat with the target 2. An incident area can be set on the tubular structure for the beam to pass through, and the target 2 can be placed corresponding to the incident area, so that the beam can pass through the tube wall of the tubular structure and irradiate the target 2. The porosity of the target 2 close to the incident area is larger, the heat exchange specific surface area is larger, and the heat dissipation capacity is stronger, and accordingly a large amount of heat generated by this part is taken away; the porosity of the target 2 far from the incident area is smaller, the heat exchange specific surface area is smaller, and the heat dissipation capacity is weaker, and accordingly a small amount of heat generated by this part is taken away. As a result, the heat of the entire target body 2 is evenly distributed.

[0033] Figure 3 FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a target device 200 according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 As shown, the shell 1 includes a first shell 11 and a second shell 12. The first shell 11 is a tubular structure with openings at both ends, and the second shell 12 is a tubular structure with one end closed. The first shell 11 is arranged in the second shell 12, and the target 2 is arranged in the first shell 11. The beam irradiates the closed end of the second shell 12, and the heat exchange medium 3 flows in and out from the same side of the shell 1.

[0034] The closed end of the second shell 12 can be a curved structure, that is, the cross-section of the second shell 12 can be U-shaped. The tube diameter of the first shell 11 is smaller than the tube diameter of the second shell 12, and the center line of the first shell 11 and the center line of the second shell 12 can coincide, thereby forming a flow space for the heat exchange medium 3 between the outer wall of the first shell 11 and the inner wall of the second shell 12. The upper and lower ends of the target body 2 can be respectively installed on the upper and lower tube walls of the first shell 11, and the heat exchange medium 3 flows in and out through the side of the target body 2. The closed end of the second shell 12 can be provided with an incident area for the beam to pass through. The position of the incident area can correspond to the opening of the first shell 11, so that the beam passes through the closed end and irradiates the target body 2 arranged in the first shell 11.

[0035] The heat exchange medium 3 can flow in from the opening of the first shell 11 and flow in the tubular structure of the first shell 11. The heat exchange medium 3 flows through the target body 2, enters the pores of the target body 2, exchanges heat with the target body 2, and then reaches the closed end of the second shell 12. It turns back under the obstruction of the closed end and flows out from the flow space formed between the outer wall of the first shell 11 and the inner wall of the second shell 12. The flow direction of the heat exchange medium 3 in the shell 1 is parallel to the irradiation direction A of the beam. The porosity of the target body 2 close to the incident area is larger, and the heat dissipation capacity is stronger, which accordingly takes away a large amount of heat generated by this part; the porosity of the target body 2 away from the incident area is smaller, and the heat dissipation capacity is weaker, which accordingly takes away a small amount of heat generated by this part. As a result, the heat of the entire target body 2 is evenly distributed.

[0036] Figure 4 FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a target device 300 according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 As shown, the shell 1 is a box-shaped structure, the heat exchange medium 3 accumulates in the shell 1, and the target 2 is completely immersed in the heat exchange medium 3. Figure 1 and Figure 3 The tubular structure extends in one direction. Figure 3 The box-like structure is extended in three directions. The heat exchange medium 3 enters the shell 1 from the inlet and accumulates therein. There are gaps between the two ends and the sides of the target body 2 and the shell 1. The heat exchange medium 3 can submerge the target body 2 therein, that is, the target body 2 is set to be immersed. The heat exchange medium 3 flows out from the outlet after completing the heat exchange with the target body 2.

[0037] An incident area can be set on the top of the shell 1 for beam penetration, and the target 2 can be placed corresponding to the incident area, so that the beam can pass through the top wall of the shell 1 and irradiate the target 2. The porosity of the target 2 near the incident area is larger, and the heat dissipation capacity is stronger, and a large amount of heat generated by this part is taken away accordingly; the porosity of the target 2 far from the incident area is smaller, and the heat dissipation capacity is weaker, and a small amount of heat generated by this part is taken away accordingly. In this way, the heat of the entire target 2 is evenly distributed.

[0038] Figure 5 FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a target device 400 according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5As shown, the target device 400 has a similar structure to the target device 300, both of which are box-shaped structures. The difference is that the shell 1 of the target device 400 includes multiple inlets 11 and multiple outlets 12, and the heat exchange medium 3 flows in from the multiple inlets 11 and flows out from the multiple outlets 12; and the shell 1 includes an incident opening 13 for allowing the beam to pass through, and the target device 400 also includes a front structure 4 for closing the incident opening 13. By providing multiple inlets 11 and multiple outlets 12, the flow of the heat exchange medium 3 can be accelerated and the heat exchange capacity can be improved. The target device 400 can also include a rear structure 5, which is arranged at one end of the target body 2 away from the front structure 4. The front structure 4 and the rear structure 5 can have other independent functions, such as being used as a conversion target.

[0039] In some embodiments, a detector may also be used to detect the heat exchange medium 3 in the shell to understand the heat exchange situation in real time and monitor whether the target device operates normally.

[0040] According to the above description, the target device of the present invention can at least achieve the following technical effects:

[0041] (1) The heat exchange medium enters the pores of the target body to exchange heat with the target body. The contact area between the heat exchange medium and the target body is large, the contact range is wide, and the heat exchange is sufficient;

[0042] (2) The heat exchange capacity gradually decreases along the incident direction of the beam, so that the heat generated in the area with concentrated heat is dissipated to a large extent, and the heat generated in the area with less heat is dissipated to a small extent, ensuring that the heat on the target is evenly distributed;

[0043] (3) The porosity of the target body gradually decreases along the incident direction of the beam. For the part with less heat generation, there is no need to create a large number of pores, which avoids the reduction of the flux of the product particle flow or the concentration of the product isotope, which is beneficial to ensure the practical value of the target device.

[0044] Although the present invention is described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the embodiments disclosed in the drawings are intended to exemplify the implementation of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. In order to clearly show the details of each component, the components in the drawings are not drawn to scale, so the proportions of the components in the drawings should not be regarded as a limitation.

[0045] Although some embodiments of the present general inventive concept have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present general inventive concept, the scope of which is defined in the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A target device, comprising: Housing (1); A target body (2) having a porous structure, the target body (2) being arranged in the housing (1) and used for receiving beam irradiation; and A heat exchange medium (3) is arranged to flow through the pores of the target body (2) to perform heat exchange on the target body (2); Wherein, the porosity of the target body (2) gradually decreases along the incident direction (A) of the beam; The shell (1) comprises a first shell (11) and a second shell (12), the first shell (11) being a tubular structure with two ends open, the second shell (12) being a tubular structure with one end closed, the first shell (11) being arranged in the second shell (12), the target (2) being arranged in the first shell (11), the beam irradiating the closed end of the second shell (12), and the heat exchange medium (3) flowing in and out from the same side of the shell (1); The cross section of the second shell (12) is constructed to be U-shaped, the center line of the first shell (11) coincides with the center line of the second shell (12), and a flow space for the heat exchange medium (3) is formed between the outer wall of the first shell (11) and the inner wall of the second shell (12); the upper and lower ends of the target body (2) are respectively mounted to the upper and lower tube walls of the first shell (11), and the heat exchange medium (3) flows in and out through the side of the target body (2); an incident area is formed on the closed end of the second shell (12), which is suitable for the beam to pass through, and the position of the incident area corresponds to the position of the opening of the first shell (11), so that the beam passes through the closed end to irradiate the target body (2); The heat exchange medium (3) flows in from the opening of the first shell (11) and flows in the tubular structure of the first shell (11), the heat exchange medium (3) flows through the target body (2), enters the pores of the target body (2), exchanges heat with the target body (2), and then reaches the closed end of the second shell (12), turns back under the obstruction of the closed end, and flows out of the flow space; The flow direction of the heat exchange medium (3) in the housing (1) is parallel to the incident direction (A) of the beam.

2. The target device according to claim 1, characterized in that The target body (2) is an integral structure; or The target body (2) is composed of a plurality of parts with different porosities.

3. The target device according to claim 1, characterized in that Different parts of the target body (2) have different equivalent densities, wherein the highest equivalent density is more than twice the lowest equivalent density.

4. The target device according to claim 1, characterized in that The size of the target body (2) is determined according to the penetration depth of the beam and the cross-sectional size of the beam.

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