A heat conduction system for a reactor

Abstract

The present invention relates to a heat conduction system of a reactor, comprising: a containment, a reactor pressure vessel is arranged inside the containment, and the reactor pressure vessel is provided with a water outlet and a water return port spaced apart from each other; a steam generator, the steam generator is located inside the containment, and the water outlet and the water return port are both connected to the steam generator; a first partition, one side of the first partition is fixed to the inner wall of the containment, and the other side is fixed to the outer wall of the reactor pressure vessel, and the water outlet and the water return port are respectively located on opposite sides of the first partition. The heat conduction system of a reactor provided by the present invention completes the heat conduction of the reactor pressure vessel and realizes the utilization of nuclear energy through the steam generator, and by separating the water outlet and the water return port by the first partition, the jet ejected from the reactor pressure vessel is intercepted, the damage to pipelines and equipment is reduced, and the service life of the containment is extended.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of reactors, and in particular to a heat conduction system of a reactor. Background Art

[0002] At present, environmental protection issues are receiving more and more attention from all walks of life. Among them, nuclear energy is valued by all countries due to its high energy density, abundant energy reserves, and clean and environmentally friendly characteristics. my country also attaches great importance to the utilization of nuclear energy and actively develops related nuclear energy technologies.

[0003] In the related art, in order to prevent the leakage of radioactive materials during the nuclear reaction process, a containment shell is set outside the reactor, and the reactor is completely isolated from the external environment by the containment shell, so that the containment shell can realize the function of a safety protection barrier.

[0004] However, jets may be triggered during the nuclear reaction, and jet impact may cause damage to the containment and the equipment inside it. The existing containment cannot properly protect the equipment inside it. Summary of the invention

[0005] An embodiment of the present invention provides a heat conduction system for a reactor to solve the problem in the related art that a nuclear reaction jet causes damage to a containment vessel and internal equipment.

[0006] In a first aspect, a heat conduction system of a reactor is provided, comprising: a containment, wherein a reactor pressure vessel is arranged inside the containment, and the reactor pressure vessel is provided with a water outlet and a water return port which are spaced apart from each other; a steam generator, wherein the steam generator is located inside the containment, and the water outlet and the water return port are both connected to the steam generator; and a first partition, wherein one side of the first partition is fixed to the inner wall of the containment, and the other side of the first partition is fixed to the outer wall of the reactor pressure vessel, and the water outlet and the water return port are respectively located on opposite sides of the first partition.

[0007] In some embodiments, the first partition extends in a horizontal direction.

[0008] In some embodiments, a plurality of through holes are formed on the first partition plate, and the steam generator is connected to a first pipe; one end of the first pipe is connected to the water return port, and the other end of the first pipe passes through the through holes and is connected to the steam generator.

[0009] In some embodiments, the heat conduction system further includes: a hull, the containment shell is arranged inside the hull; a ventilation pipe is fixed above the hull, both ends of the ventilation pipe are connected, and one end of the ventilation pipe is connected to the interior of the hull, and the other end extends out of the hull to communicate with the outside atmosphere.

[0010] In some embodiments, a second partition parallel to the first partition is further provided in the containment, and the first partition and the second partition divide the interior of the containment into a first space, a second space and a third space, and the first space, the second space and the third space are connected to each other; the first space, the second space and the third space are respectively provided with a first heat conduction system, a second heat conduction system and a third heat conduction system for exporting heat from the reactor pressure vessel.

[0011] In some embodiments, heat pipes are provided in the first heat conduction system, the second heat conduction system and the third heat conduction system; one side of the heat pipe is a heat absorption section, and the other side is a heat release section connected to the heat absorption section, the heat absorption section is inserted into the interior of the containment shell, and the heat release section extends out of the containment shell.

[0012] In some embodiments, the heat conduction system further includes: a hull, the containment shell is arranged inside the hull; the heat release sections of the heat pipes in the third heat conduction system and the second heat conduction system all pass through the hull for insertion into seawater.

[0013] In some embodiments, a shielding water tank is provided above the containment vessel, and the shielding water tank can absorb radioactive substances in the reactor pressure vessel; the first space is located above the second space and the third space, and the heat absorption section of the heat pipe in the first heat conduction system is inserted into the shielding water tank.

[0014] In some embodiments, the outer surface of the heat release section is fixedly connected with fins protruding outward; the fins extend spirally along the axial direction of the heat release section, and the fins extend from one end of the heat release section to the other end of the heat release section.

[0015] In some embodiments, the first space, the second space and the third space are arranged in sequence from top to bottom in the vertical direction; the first heat conducting system is arranged on a side of the first space away from the second space; the second heat conducting system is arranged on a side of the second space close to the first space; and the third heat conducting system is arranged on a side of the third space close to the second space.

[0016] The beneficial effects brought about by the technical solution provided by the present invention include:

[0017] An embodiment of the present invention provides a heat conduction system for a reactor. Since a reactor and a steam generator are arranged inside a containment vessel, when the coolant in the reactor flows from a water outlet to the steam generator and then flows from the steam generator to a water return port of the reactor, the external water flow introduced into the steam generator absorbs the heat of the coolant, and the steam generator generates steam to realize the utilization of nuclear energy. The water outlet and the water inlet are respectively arranged on both sides of a first partition plate, which can prevent high-temperature and high-pressure coolant or gas from generating jets at the water outlet or the water inlet to hit the pipeline, causing damage to the pipeline between the reactor pressure vessel and the steam generator. The impact of the jet is reduced by the first partition plate, which can better protect the equipment and pipelines in the containment vessel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0019] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a heat conduction system for a reactor provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] In the figure:

[0021] 1. Containment vessel; 21. First partition; 22. Second partition; 31. First space; 32. Second space; 33. Third space; 41. First heat transfer system; 42. Second heat transfer system; 43. Third heat transfer system; 5. Heat pipe; 501. Heat absorption section; 502. Heat release section; 503. Insulation section; 504. Fin; 6. Hull; 7. Ventilation duct; 8. Shielding water tank; 9. Reactor pressure vessel; 10. Water outlet; 11. Water return outlet; 12. First pipeline; 13. Second pipeline; 14. Steam generator. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] The embodiment of the present invention provides a heat conduction system for a reactor, which can solve the problem in the related art that the nuclear reaction jet causes damage to the containment and internal equipment.

[0024] See also Figure 1 As shown, a heat conduction system of a reactor provided in an embodiment of the present invention may include: a containment shell 1, a reactor pressure vessel 9 may be arranged inside the containment shell 1, and the reactor pressure vessel 9 may be provided with a water outlet 10 and a water return port 11 spaced apart from each other; a steam generator 14, the steam generator 14 may be located inside the containment shell 1, and the water outlet 10 and the water return port 11 may be connected to the steam generator 14; a first partition plate 21, one side of the first partition plate 21 may be fixed to the inner wall of the containment shell 1, and the other side may be fixed to the outer wall of the reactor pressure vessel 9, and the water outlet 10 and the water return port 11 may be respectively located on opposite sides of the first partition plate 21. That is to say, the heat of the coolant in the reactor pressure vessel 9 is absorbed by the steam generator 14 to realize the energy utilization of the nuclear reaction, wherein the coolant flows out of the reactor pressure vessel 9 from the water outlet 10 to the steam generator 14, and then flows to the return water port 11 of the reactor pressure vessel 9 through the steam generator 14 to realize the reflux of the coolant and complete the coolant circulation. Due to the high temperature and high pressure inside the reactor pressure vessel 9, the high-pressure gas in the reactor may be ejected outward through the water outlet 10 or the return water port 11. Under the impact of the high-temperature and high-pressure gas, it is easy to cause pipelines or related equipment to be damaged. In order to prevent damage, the water outlet 10 and the water return port 11 of the reactor pressure vessel 9 are separated by the first partition 21. When the high-temperature and high-pressure jet is ejected from the reactor pressure vessel 9, the jet will impact the first partition 21. The jet is decelerated or intercepted by the first partition 21, thereby reducing the harm caused by the jet. At the same time, the jet from the water outlet 10 is prevented from being thrown to the water return port 11, thereby reducing the impact of the jet on the first pipeline 12 and the second pipeline 13, thereby improving the service life of the equipment in the containment 1, especially improving the service life of the first pipeline 12 and the second pipeline 13 connected to the steam generator 14.

[0025] See also Figure 1 As shown, in some optional embodiments, the first partition 21 can extend in the horizontal direction. Since the jets in the reactor pressure vessel 9 are mostly vertical jets, the first partition 21 extending in the horizontal direction can intercept the jets to the maximum extent. This can provide better safety protection for the equipment in the containment vessel 1.

[0026] See also Figure 1As shown, in some optional embodiments, a plurality of through holes may be provided on the first partition 21, and the steam generator 14 is connected with the first pipe 12; one end of the first pipe 12 may be connected with the water return port 11, and the other end may pass through the through hole to be connected with the steam generator 14. In other words, the gas on both sides of the first partition 21 may flow in the containment 1 through the through holes provided on the first partition 21, thereby avoiding the existence of a local high-pressure area in the containment 1 and facilitating the arrangement of the pipes in the containment 1. In this embodiment, the first pipe 12 passes through the through hole to be connected with the steam generator 14. In other embodiments, other pipes may pass through the through hole to connect the two sides of the first partition 21.

[0027] See also Figure 1 As shown, in some optional embodiments, the heat transfer system may further include: a hull 6, and the containment shell 1 may be arranged inside the hull 6; a ventilation pipe 7 may be fixed above the hull 6, and the two ends of the ventilation pipe 7 are connected, and one end of the ventilation pipe 7 may be connected to the inside of the hull 6, and the other end may extend out of the hull 6 to communicate with the outside atmosphere. In other words, the containment shell 1 is arranged in the hull 6, and the energy generated by the nuclear reaction is used to supply the energy required by the ship, wherein the hull 6 discharges hot air and exhaust gas from the containment shell 1 area through the ventilation pipe 7, so as to avoid the accumulation of gas in the hull 6 affecting the health of the personnel in the hull 6.

[0028] See also Figure 1 As shown, in some optional embodiments, a second partition 22 parallel to the first partition 21 may be further provided in the containment vessel 1, and the first partition 21 and the second partition 22 may divide the interior of the containment vessel 1 into a first space 31, a second space 32 and a third space 33, and the first space 31, the second space 32 and the third space 33 are interconnected; the first space 31, the second space 32 and the third space 33 may be respectively provided with a first heat conduction system 41, a second heat conduction system 42 and a third heat conduction system 43 for extracting heat from the reactor pressure vessel 9. Since the first partition 21 and the second partition 22 are provided in the containment shell 1 to divide the internal space of the containment shell 1 into multiple areas, even if the air between the areas can be conducted, heat will still be concentrated inside the containment shell 1, causing local high temperatures in some areas of the containment shell 1, affecting the safe use of the containment shell 1. By respectively providing a first heat conduction system 41, a second heat conduction system 42 and a third heat conduction system 43 in the first space 31, the second space 32 and the third space 33, heat can be exported for each area of ​​the containment shell 1. In this embodiment, each heat conduction system uses a heat pipe 5 for heat conduction. In other embodiments, heat can be conducted to different areas by other heat conduction methods such as spraying and circulating water.

[0029] See also Figure 1As shown, in some optional embodiments, a heat pipe 5 may be provided in the first heat conducting system 41, the second heat conducting system 42 and the third heat conducting system 43; one side of the heat pipe 5 may be a heat absorbing section 501, and the other side may be a heat releasing section 502 connected to the heat absorbing section 501, the heat absorbing section 501 is inserted into the interior of the containment shell 1, and the heat releasing section 502 extends out of the containment shell 1. That is to say, heat pipe 5 is used for heat conduction in different areas. A tube shell, a liquid wick and an end cap are arranged inside the heat pipe 5. The tube shell is under negative pressure and filled with working liquid. The negative pressure condition reduces the boiling point of the working liquid. The working liquid absorbs heat and vaporizes when heated. The vaporized working liquid causes a pressure difference inside the tube shell, driving the working liquid to flow to the high-temperature end of the heat pipe 5, realizing continuous passive heat conduction of the heat pipe 5. Its thermal conductivity efficiency is higher than that of other contact thermal conductive materials. It can quickly realize the heat extraction in the containment 1 and avoid the concentration of heat in the containment 1. Its passive heat conduction method can realize automatic heat conduction and avoid the situation where the heat concentration area is not conducted due to uncertainty of the heat concentration position. The safety of the use of the containment 1 is greatly improved. The heat absorption section 501 and the heat release section 502 are connected through the insulation section 503.

[0030] See also Figure 1 As shown, in some optional embodiments, the heat conduction system may also include: a hull 6, and the containment 1 may be arranged inside the hull 6; the heat release section 502 of the heat pipe 5 in the third heat conduction system 43 and the second heat conduction system 42 may pass through the hull 6 for insertion into the seawater. In other words, the heat pipe 5 conducts heat to the containment 1 in the hull 6. Compared with other active heat conduction devices, the heat pipe 5 occupies a smaller volume and can adapt to the narrow space in the hull 6. The heat release section 502 of the heat pipe 5 passes through the hull 6 and is inserted into the seawater, and the containment 1 is cooled by the seawater, providing a stable and continuous cold source for the heat pipe 5, and continuously cooling the containment 1. In this embodiment, the third heat conduction system 43 and the second heat conduction system 42 are respectively located above and below the reactor pressure vessel 9. When heat leaks out of the reactor pressure vessel 9, the heat is introduced into the seawater through the heat pipe 5, thereby reducing the heat transfer to the first space 31, reducing the heat conduction load of the first heat conduction system 41, and reducing the heat absorbed in the shielding water tank 8.

[0031] See also Figure 1As shown, in some optional embodiments, a shielding water tank 8 can be provided above the containment vessel 1, and the shielding water tank 8 can absorb radioactive substances in the reactor pressure vessel 9; the first space 31 can be located above the second space 32 and the third space 33, and the heat absorption section 501 of the heat pipe 5 in the first heat conduction system 41 is inserted into the shielding water tank 8. That is to say, the first space 31 is close to the top of the containment shell 1, and a shielding water tank 8 is arranged above the containment shell 1. The radioactive material leaked from the containment shell 1 is absorbed by the liquid in the shielding water tank 8 to reduce the pollution of the nuclear reaction. At the same time, the heat absorption section 501 of the heat pipe 5 of the first heat conducting system 41 is inserted into the shielding water tank 8, and the heat of the containment shell 1 is absorbed by the shielding water tank 8 whose temperature is lower than that of the containment shell 1. Compared with inserting the heat pipe 5 of the first heat conducting system 41 into seawater like the second heat conducting system 42, the heat pipe 5 of the first heat conducting system 41 is inserted into the shielding water tank 8, and the length of the heat pipe 5 is shorter, which not only reduces the cost but also reduces the occupied space of the heat conducting system and is more convenient to arrange. The heat pipe 5 of the first heat conducting system 41 is arranged perpendicular to the arc-shaped upper surface of the containment shell 1, which reduces the difficulty of installing the heat pipe 5 compared with the vertical arrangement.

[0032] See also Figure 1 As shown, in some optional embodiments, the outer surface of the heat release section 502 can be fixedly connected with a fin 504 protruding outward; the fin 504 can extend spirally along the axial direction of the heat release section 502, and the fin 504 can extend from one end of the heat release section 502 to the other end of the heat release section 502. That is to say, the outer surface of the heat release section 502 is provided with fins 504 extending in a spiral direction along the axial direction, and the spiral of the fins 504 connects the two ends of the heat release section 502, which not only increases the contact area of ​​the heat release section 502 through its protruding outer surface, improves the heat exchange efficiency of the heat release section 502, but also realizes heat transfer at both ends of the heat release section 502. Compared with the structure of the fins 504 arranged at intervals, the spiral continuous structure can quickly transfer local high temperature to the entire heat release section 502, further improving the thermal conductivity of the heat pipe 5. In this embodiment, the fins 504 are made of nickel-chromium alloy or iron-chromium alloy, and the outer surface of the heat release section 502 is paved with magnesium oxide sand to fill the gaps between the fins 504 to improve the thermal conductivity of the fins 504. In other embodiments, the fins 504 can be made of other thermally conductive materials, and the fins 504 can also be provided at the heat absorption section 501 of the heat pipe 5 to improve the thermal conductivity of the heat absorption section 501.

[0033] See also Figure 1As shown, in some optional embodiments, the first space 31, the second space 32 and the third space 33 can be arranged in sequence from top to bottom along the vertical direction; the first heat conduction system 41 can be arranged on the side of the first space 31 away from the second space 32; the second heat conduction system 42 can be arranged on the side of the second space 32 close to the first space 31; the third heat conduction system 43 can be arranged on the side of the third space 33 close to the second space 32. That is to say, the first space 31, the second space 32 and the third space 33 are arranged along the vertical direction, wherein the heat conduction system in each space is located above the space. Since heat generally converges upward, arranging the heat conduction system at the upper position of each space can avoid the heat in each space from converging at the upper part to damage the partition or the containment 1, and the heat conduction system is arranged at the heat convergence position, which can make the temperature difference of the heat conduction system larger and improve the heat conduction efficiency.

[0034] The principle of a heat conduction system for a reactor provided by an embodiment of the present invention is:

[0035] The water outlet 10 and the water return port 11 of the reactor pressure vessel 9 are separated by the first partition 21. When the high-temperature and high-pressure jet is ejected from the water outlet 10 or the water return port 11 of the reactor pressure vessel 9, the jet is intercepted by the first partition 21 to reduce the impact of the jet. The water outlet 10 and the water return port 11 are both connected to the steam generator 14, and the heat generated by the nuclear reaction can be used to produce steam to realize the utilization of nuclear reaction energy. The steam generator 14 is connected to the water outlet 10 through the second pipe 13, and is connected to the water return port 11 through the first pipe 12. The first pipe 12 and the second pipe 13 are separated by the first partition 21, reducing the impact of the jet on the two pipes, which can improve the service life of the two pipes and extend the service life of the containment 1. Better protection of the equipment and pipes in the containment 1.

[0036] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", etc. indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific position, be constructed and operated in a specific position, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention. Unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be a connection between the two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0037] It should be noted that, in the present invention, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprise a ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements.

[0038] The foregoing is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, which enables those skilled in the art to understand or implement the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed herein.

Claims

1. A heat transfer system for a reactor, characterized in that: It includes: A containment shell (1), wherein a reactor pressure vessel (9) is arranged inside the containment shell (1), and the reactor pressure vessel (9) is provided with a water outlet (10) and a water return port (11) spaced apart from each other; a steam generator (14), the steam generator (14) being located inside the containment vessel (1), the water outlet (10) and the water return port (11) both being in communication with the steam generator (14); a first baffle (21), one side of the first baffle (21) being fixed to the inner wall of the containment vessel (1), and the other side of the first baffle (21) being fixed to the outer wall of the reactor pressure vessel (9), and the water outlet (10) and the water return port (11) being respectively located on two opposite sides of the first baffle (21); The containment shell (1) is further provided with a second partition (22) parallel to the first partition (21); the first partition (21) and the second partition (22) divide the interior of the containment shell (1) into a first space (31), a second space (32) and a third space (33); the first space (31), the second space (32) and the third space (33) are connected; A first heat conduction system (41), a second heat conduction system (42) and a third heat conduction system (43) for conducting heat from the reactor pressure vessel (9) are respectively arranged in the first space (31), the second space (32) and the third space (33); The first heat conducting system (41), the second heat conducting system (42) and the third heat conducting system (43) are all provided with heat pipes (5); One side of the heat pipe (5) is a heat absorbing section (501), and the other side is a heat releasing section (502) connected to the heat absorbing section (501); the heat absorbing section (501) is inserted into the interior of the containment shell (1), and the heat releasing section (502) extends out of the containment shell (1).

2. The heat transfer system for a reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first partition plate (21) extends in a horizontal direction.

3. The heat transfer system for a reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first partition plate (21) is provided with a plurality of through holes, and the steam generator (14) is connected to a first pipeline (12); One end of the first pipe (12) is connected to the water return port (11), and the other end passes through the through hole and is connected to the steam generator (14).

4. The heat transfer system of a reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat conduction system further comprises: A hull (6), wherein the containment vessel (1) is arranged inside the hull (6); A ventilation pipe (7) is fixed above the hull (6), the two ends of the ventilation pipe (7) are connected, one end of the ventilation pipe (7) is connected to the inside of the hull (6), and the other end extends out of the hull (6) to communicate with the outside atmosphere.

5. The heat transfer system of a reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat conduction system further comprises: A hull (6), wherein the containment vessel (1) is arranged inside the hull (6); The heat release sections (502) of the heat pipes (5) in the third heat conduction system (43) and the second heat conduction system (42) are both passed through the hull (6) for insertion into seawater.

6. The heat transfer system for a reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A shielding water tank (8) is arranged above the containment vessel (1), and the shielding water tank (8) can absorb radioactive substances in the reactor pressure vessel (9); the first space (31) is located above the second space (32) and the third space (33), and the heat absorbing section (501) of the heat pipe (5) in the first heat conduction system (41) is inserted into the shielding water tank (8).

7. The heat transfer system for a reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer surface of the heat release section (502) is fixedly connected with fins (504) protruding outwards; The fin (504) extends spirally along the axial direction of the heat release section (502), and the fin (504) extends from one end of the heat release section (502) to the other end of the heat release section (502).

8. The heat transfer system for a reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first space (31), the second space (32) and the third space (33) are arranged in sequence from top to bottom along the vertical direction; The first heat conduction system (41) is arranged on a side of the first space (31) away from the second space (32); The second heat conduction system (42) is arranged on a side of the second space (32) close to the first space (31); The third heat conduction system (43) is arranged on a side of the third space (33) close to the second space (32).

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