Centralizer

Abstract

The present invention provides a centralizer, comprising: a driving shaft, a drill bit for drilling holes is arranged on the driving shaft, and the driving shaft drives the drill bit to work; a centralizer cylinder, the centralizer cylinder is outer-mounted on the driving shaft, and a channel for the rock drilled by the drill bit to pass through is formed in the centralizer cylinder; a crushing mechanism, the crushing mechanism is arranged in the centralizer cylinder and driven by the driving shaft, and is used to crush the rock in the channel. By arranging the crushing mechanism in the centralizer cylinder and crushing the rock in the channel, not only the smoothness of the rock passing through the centralizer is improved, thereby improving the work efficiency, but also the durability of the drill bit is improved, thereby reducing the cost, and at the same time, the safety is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of petroleum exploitation, and in particular relates to a centralizer. Background Art

[0002] Horizontal directional drilling technology is a modern construction technology that combines directional drilling technology in the oil industry and highway pipe jacking technology. It has many advantages over excavation construction technology. The main construction processes of horizontal directional drilling include three parts: drilling guide holes, multi-stage hole expansion and pipeline backhaul. The purpose is to drill holes of a predetermined diameter below the surface according to the designed trajectory and backhaul the pipeline into the hole. The diameter of large oil and gas pipelines is usually D600-D1422mm, the diameter of pipeline hole expansion is generally 1.2-1.5 times the diameter of the pipeline, and the long-distance pipeline crossing distance is generally 1000m-3000m. During the construction process, due to the complex geological conditions below the surface, there are usually soft soil, sand, pebbles, boulders and building waste, which leads to slow footage and low efficiency during multi-stage hole expansion. Especially for drilling in long-distance rock layers and geologically broken areas, problems such as stuck drills, broken drill rods, and drill bit cone loss are serious, which can easily cause safety accidents and seriously restrict the construction progress. Engineering analysis shows that most drill bit jams, drill rod breakage and other accidents are closely related to insufficient rock crushing. Existing centralizers are generally spoke-type, spiral-shaped, cylindrical or roller-shaped structures, none of which have the function of rock crushing, and it is difficult to solve the problem of power source according to the existing structure. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a centralizer capable of crushing the rock drilled by the drill bit.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned and other related purposes, the present invention provides a centralizer, comprising:

[0005] A driving shaft, wherein a drill bit for drilling holes is arranged on the driving shaft, and the driving shaft drives the drill bit to work;

[0006] A straightening cylinder, the straightening cylinder being disposed on the driving shaft, and a passage for the rock drilled by the drill bit to pass through is formed in the straightening cylinder;

[0007] A crushing mechanism is arranged in the straightening cylinder and driven by the driving shaft, and is used for crushing rocks in the channel.

[0008] Optionally, the crushing mechanism comprises:

[0009] A differential frame, the differential frame is mounted on the drive shaft and can rotate around the drive shaft;

[0010] A transmission assembly is arranged on the differential frame and driven by the drive shaft. The transmission assembly is used to drive the differential frame to rotate and form a rotation speed difference with the straightening cylinder.

[0011] Optionally, the differential frame is provided with a crushing part for crushing rocks;

[0012] The crushing part faces the channel entrance, so that when the differential frame rotates, the crushing part collides with the rock and crushes the rock.

[0013] Optionally, the crushing portion is a conical surface arranged on the differential frame, and the conical surface gradually increases along the axial direction of the drive shaft from the inlet to the outlet of the channel.

[0014] Optionally, a cemented carbide coating is provided on the crushing part to increase the hardness.

[0015] Optionally, the transmission assembly is a differential gear train, comprising:

[0016] A sun gear, which is disposed on the drive shaft and rotates with the drive shaft;

[0017] A planetary shaft, which is rotatable about its axis and is disposed on the differential frame;

[0018] A planetary gear, which is disposed on the planetary shaft and meshes with the sun gear;

[0019] The ring gear is relatively fixedly arranged on the differential frame and meshes with the planetary gears, so that the ring gear is driven by the planetary gears, thereby driving the differential frame to rotate.

[0020] Optionally, the differential frame is a rotating body, and the channel is a gap between the differential frame and the inner wall of the straightening cylinder.

[0021] Optionally, the differential frame comprises:

[0022] A housing, the rotatable outer sleeve of which is mounted on the driving shaft, wherein the transmission assembly is disposed in the housing and drives the housing to rotate;

[0023] A crushing barrel is axially arranged at one end of the housing near the channel inlet along the driving shaft and rotates with the housing, and the crushing part is arranged on the crushing barrel;

[0024] The end cover is axially arranged at one end of the shell body close to the channel outlet along the driving shaft and rotates with the shell body.

[0025] Optionally, the straightening cylinder is provided with a plurality of channel entrances for rock to enter, and each channel entrance is arranged along the circumference of the straightening cylinder. A flow limiting component for limiting the flow of rock in the channel is provided on the inner wall of the straightening cylinder, and the flow limiting component is provided between any two channel entrances along the circumference of the straightening cylinder.

[0026] Optionally, the flow limiting member is provided with a first inclined surface along the axial direction of the straightening cylinder close to the channel inlet, and the first inclined surface can guide part of the rock to the crushing mechanism, and the flow limiting member is provided with a second inclined surface along the axial direction of the straightening cylinder close to the channel outlet, and the second inclined surface can guide part of the rock away;

[0027] The flow limiting member is provided with an opening groove for rock flow along the axial direction of the driving shaft.

[0028] Optionally, one end of the straightening cylinder is evenly provided with first connecting pieces along the circumference of the straightening cylinder, the first connecting pieces are connected between the straightening cylinder and the driving shaft, and the other end of the straightening cylinder is evenly provided with second connecting pieces along the circumference of the straightening cylinder, the second connecting pieces are connected between the straightening cylinder and the driving shaft, and the straightening cylinder is driven to rotate with the driving shaft through the first connecting piece and the second connecting piece;

[0029] Wherein, the inlet of the channel is arranged between adjacent first connecting members, and the outlet of the channel is arranged between adjacent second connecting members.

[0030] As described above, the centralizer of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] By setting a crushing mechanism in the centralizer and crushing the rocks in the channel, we can avoid blockage and damage to the drill bit caused by rocks that are too large. This not only improves the smoothness of rock passing through the centralizer, thereby improving work efficiency, but also improves the durability of the drill bit, thereby reducing costs and improving safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Left view in;

[0034] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Right view in;

[0035] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the current limiting component in the present invention.

[0036] Part Number Description:

[0037] 1-driving shaft; 2-straightening cylinder; 23a-channel; 231a-channel entrance; 232a-channel exit; 3-crushing mechanism; 3a-crushing part, 301-hard alloy coating; 31-differential bracket; 311-end cover; 312-housing; 313-crushing cylinder; 32-transmission assembly; 321-sun gear; 322 planetary gear; 323-planetary shaft; 324-gear ring; 4-current limiting member; 4a-first inclined plane; 4b-second inclined plane; 4c-opening groove; 5-sleeve; 61-first connecting member; 62-second connecting member; 71-first hub; 72-second hub. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The following is a description of the implementation of the present invention by means of specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification.

[0039] like Figure 1-4 As shown, the present invention provides a centralizer, comprising:

[0040] A driving shaft 1, wherein a drill bit for drilling / reaming is arranged on the driving shaft 1, and the driving shaft 1 drives the drill bit to work; the rear end of the driving shaft 1 is installed on the driving source, and the drill bit is installed on the front end of the driving shaft 1, so that the driving shaft 1 is driven to rotate by the power source, thereby driving the drill bit to drill the rock and realize the drilling / reaming function; the power source is a fuel engine, an electric motor or other power settings, which can be selected according to specific needs; the front end is the end of the driving shaft axially close to the rock mass when in use, and the rear end is the end of the driving shaft axially away from the rock mass when in use.

[0041] A straightening cylinder 2 is disposed on the driving shaft 1 and is used for straightening the driving shaft 1, thereby improving the reliability of the rotation of the driving shaft 1 and avoiding the risk of drill bit breakage due to the tilt of the driving shaft 1 during drilling / reaming. A channel 23a is formed in the straightening cylinder 2 for the rock drilled by the drill bit to pass through; when the drill bit is drilling / reaming, the rock drilled by the drill bit is discharged through the channel 23a; the straightening cylinder 2 rotates with the driving shaft 1, or the straightening cylinder 2 is fixed and the driving shaft 1 rotates inside the straightening cylinder 2.

[0042] The crushing mechanism 3 is arranged in the straightening cylinder 2 and driven by the driving shaft 1, so that the crushing mechanism crushes the rock in the channel 23a; when the rock drilled by the drill bit enters the channel 23a, the rock is crushed by the crushing mechanism 3, and the crushed rock is transported out of the channel 23a.

[0043] By setting a crushing mechanism 3 in the centralizing cylinder 2 and crushing the rocks in the channel 23a, it is avoided that the rocks are too large to cause blockage and damage the drill bit. This not only improves the smoothness of the rock passing through the centralizer, thereby improving work efficiency, but also improves the durability of the drill bit, thereby reducing costs and improving safety.

[0044] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, the crushing mechanism 3 includes:

[0045] A differential frame 31, wherein the differential frame 31 is disposed on the drive shaft 1 and can rotate around the drive shaft 1;

[0046] The transmission assembly 32 is arranged on the differential frame 31 and driven by the drive shaft 1 . The transmission assembly 32 is used to drive the differential frame 31 to rotate and form a rotation speed difference with the straightening cylinder 2 .

[0047] When the drive shaft 1 rotates, the drive shaft 1 first drives the transmission assembly 32, and then the transmission assembly 32 drives the differential frame 31 to rotate, so that the rocks entering the channel 32a collide with the differential frame 31 (the differential frame collides with the rocks when it rotates), and then the rocks are crushed, and through the rotation speed difference between the differential frame 31 and the straightening cylinder 2, the crushed rocks are moved out of the channel 32a as the differential frame 31 rotates, so that the rocks flow smoothly in the channel 32a, thereby improving the ability to move rock cuttings, preventing blockage, improving the reliability of the straightening cylinder 2, and also improving work efficiency.

[0048] like Figure 1 , Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments, a crushing part 3a for crushing rocks is provided on the differential frame 31; by providing the crushing part 3a, when the differential frame rotates, the crushing part 3a collides with the rock, thereby crushing the rock, so that the function of crushing the rock can be satisfied only by increasing the hardness of the crushing part 3a, avoiding cost waste due to increasing the hardness of the differential frame as a whole, and under the premise of satisfying the rock crushing function, not only the cost is saved, but also the compactness of the structure is improved.

[0049] The crushing part 3a is facing the channel entrance and is arranged on the front side of the differential frame 31, so that when the differential frame 31 rotates, the rock entering from the channel entrance collides with the crushing part 3a and is crushed. By setting the crushing part toward the channel entrance, the crushing efficiency of the crushing part 3a on the rock can be increased.

[0050] like Figure 1As shown, in some embodiments, the crushing part 3a is a conical surface provided on the differential frame 3, and the conical surface gradually increases along the axial direction of the drive shaft from the entrance to the exit of the channel; by adopting a conical surface structure, it can collide with more rocks, thereby improving the rock crushing efficiency, and at the same time, it can also improve the structural strength of the crushing part 3a, ensuring the reliability of the crushing part 3a when colliding with the rock. Of course, the crushing part can also be in the form of an arc surface or a curved surface, which can be selected according to specific needs.

[0051] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, the crushing part 3a is provided with a cemented carbide coating 301 for increasing hardness, thereby further improving the rock crushing capability. Of course, other components that can increase the strength of the crushing part may also be provided.

[0052] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, the transmission assembly 32 is a differential gear train, including:

[0053] A sun gear 321, wherein the sun gear 321 is fixedly disposed on the drive shaft 1 and rotates along with the drive shaft 1;

[0054] A planetary shaft 323, wherein the planetary gear 323 is rotatable around its axis and is disposed on the differential frame 31;

[0055] A planetary gear 322, wherein the planetary gear 322 is fixedly disposed on the planetary shaft 323, and the planetary gear 322 is meshed with the sun gear 321, so that the planetary gear 322 can be driven by the sun gear 321;

[0056] The ring gear 324 is relatively fixedly disposed on the differential frame 31 , and the ring gear 324 is meshed with the planetary gears 322 , so that the ring gear 324 can be driven by the planetary gears 322 , thereby driving the differential frame 31 to rotate.

[0057] There are three planetary shafts 323 , which are evenly arranged axially around the sun gear 321 . The number of the planetary gears 322 is the same as that of the planetary shafts 323 , and they are respectively mounted on the planetary shafts 323 .

[0058] When the drive shaft 1 rotates, the sun gear 321 rotates with the drive shaft 1, and at the same time, the sun gear 321 drives the planetary gear 322 to rotate, and the planetary gear 322 meshes with the ring gear 324, thereby driving the ring gear 324 to rotate, and then the ring gear 324 drives the differential frame 31 to rotate, so that the differential frame 31 and the straightening cylinder 2 form a speed difference. Of course, the transmission assembly 32 can also be a planetary gear system, which can be selected according to specific needs.

[0059] The differential gear train used here not only has the advantages of small size and light weight, thereby increasing the compactness of the structure and meeting the requirements of lightweight design, but also has the advantages of stable operation and low noise.

[0060] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, the differential frame 31 is a rotating body, and the channel 23a is a gap between the differential frame 31 and the inner wall of the straightening cylinder 2, so that after the rock enters the channel 23a (gap), the rock collides with the differential frame 31 and is crushed by the differential frame 31. At the same time, as the differential frame 31 rotates, the crushed rock is brought out of the channel 23a (gap). The use of this structural setting can improve the compactness of the structure and reduce space waste.

[0061] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, the differential frame 31 includes:

[0062] The housing 312 is rotatably mounted on the driving shaft 1. The transmission assembly 31 is disposed in the housing 1 and drives the housing 312 to rotate.

[0063] The crushing barrel 313 is fixedly arranged at one end of the housing near the channel entrance along the axial direction of the driving shaft, and rotates with the housing 312. The crushing part 3a is arranged on the crushing barrel 313, so that the rock is first crushed by the crushing part 3a after entering the channel 23a, and then the crushed rock is brought out of the channel 23a through the rotation of the crushing barrel 313 and the housing 312. At the same time, the crushing barrel 313 also has a protective and dustproof effect on the housing 312, preventing the rock from directly impacting the end face of the housing, thereby improving the reliability of the housing rotation. The front end of the crushing barrel 313 is also fixedly provided with a sleeve 5, and the sleeve 5 can be rotatably mounted on the driving shaft 1. By setting the sleeve 5, it not only supports the crushing barrel, but also blocks the rock from entering the crushing barrel 313; the sleeve 5 can be connected to the crushing barrel 313 by threading, and of course, it can also be made in an integrated manner or in an interference fit, which can be selected according to specific needs.

[0064] The end cover 311 is fixedly arranged at one end of the shell 312 near the channel outlet along the axial direction of the driving shaft, and rotates with the shell 312, thereby playing a role in protecting the shell and preventing dust, avoiding the impact of crushed rocks on the end face of the shell, and further improving the reliability of the shell rotation.

[0065] like Figure 1As shown, in some embodiments, the straightening cylinder 2 is provided with a plurality of channel entrances 231a for rock to enter, and each channel entrance 231a is arranged along the circumference of the straightening cylinder, and a flow limiting member 4 for limiting the flow of rock in the channel 23a is provided on the inner wall of the straightening cylinder 2, and the flow limiting member 4 is provided between any two channel entrances 231a along the circumference of the straightening cylinder; by providing the flow limiting member 4, the flow of rock to the crushing cylinder 313 is slowed down, thereby improving the complete crushing of the rock by the crushing cylinder 313, and avoiding blockage of the channel 23a due to insufficient rock crushing caused by too many rocks; by providing the flow limiting member 4 between adjacent channel entrances 231a, the resistance to rock flow can be reduced, and the rock is convenient to enter the channel 23a.

[0066] The straightening cylinder 2 is provided with a channel outlet 232a corresponding to the channel inlet 231a, and the crushed rocks are discharged through the channel outlet 232a.

[0067] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, the flow limiting member 4 is provided with a first inclined surface 4a along the axial direction of the straightening cylinder near the channel entrance, and the first inclined surface 4a gradually approaches the axis of the straightening cylinder from front to back along the axial direction of the straightening cylinder. The first inclined surface 4a guides part of the rock to the crushing mechanism, so that the flow limiting member 4 can avoid blockage caused by rocks at this location while satisfying the requirements of blocking and limiting the flow of rocks.

[0068] The flow limiting member 4 is provided with a second inclined surface 4b at one end thereof close to the channel outlet 232a along the axial direction of the straightening cylinder. The second inclined surface 4b gradually moves away from the axis of the straightening cylinder from front to back along the axial direction of the straightening cylinder. The second inclined surface 4b guides part of the crushed rock away from the crushing mechanism and also has a giving way function to avoid interference with the crushing cylinder.

[0069] The flow limiting member 4 is provided with an opening groove 4c for rock flow along the axial direction of the driving shaft, and the opening groove 4c passes through the first inclined surface 4a and the second inclined surface 4b, which is not only convenient for processing and manufacturing, but also convenient for the flow of rocks.

[0070] In some embodiments, one end of the straightening cylinder 2 is evenly provided with first connecting members 61 along the circumference of the straightening cylinder. One end of the straightening cylinder is the front end of the straightening cylinder. The first connecting member 61 is connected between the straightening cylinder 2 and the driving shaft 1. The first connecting member 61 is a first spoke. There are four first spokes, which are evenly arranged around the axis of the straightening cylinder. The driving shaft 1 is provided with a first hub 71 for connecting the first spoke. The first hub 71 is fixedly provided on the driving shaft 1. There are four flow limiters 4, which correspond to the first spokes one by one along the axial direction of the straightening cylinder.

[0071] The other end of the straightening cylinder 2 is evenly provided with second connecting members 62 along the circumference of the straightening cylinder. The second connecting member 62 is connected between the straightening cylinder 2 and the driving shaft 1. The second connecting member 62 is a second spoke plate. There are four second spoke plates, which are evenly arranged around the axis of the straightening cylinder. The second spoke plates correspond to the first spoke plates axially of the straightening cylinder one by one. A second hub 72 for connecting the second spoke plates is provided on the driving shaft 1. The second hub 72 is fixedly arranged on the driving shaft 1.

[0072] When the driving shaft 1 rotates, the first and second spokes are driven to rotate through the first hub 71 and the second hub 72, thereby driving the straightening cylinder 2 to rotate; by driving the straightening cylinder 2 to rotate through the driving shaft 1, the straightening effect of the straightening cylinder 2 on the driving shaft 1 can be increased.

[0073] The channel entrance 231a is arranged between adjacent first connecting members, and there are four channel entrances, which are surrounded by the inner wall of the centralizing cylinder 2, the first hub 71, and the first connecting member 61;

[0074] The channel outlet 232 a is disposed between adjacent second connecting members 62 . There are four channel outlets, which are surrounded by the inner wall of the straightening cylinder 2 , the second hub 72 , and the second connecting member 62 .

[0075] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone familiar with the art may modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by a person of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed by the present invention shall still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A centralizer, characterized in that: include: A driving shaft, wherein a drill bit for drilling holes is arranged on the driving shaft, and the driving shaft drives the drill bit to work; A straightening cylinder, the straightening cylinder being disposed on the driving shaft, and a passage for the rock drilled by the drill bit to pass through is formed in the straightening cylinder; A crushing mechanism, which is arranged in the straightening cylinder and driven by the driving shaft, and is used for crushing rocks in the channel; The crushing mechanism comprises: A differential frame, the differential frame is mounted on the drive shaft and can rotate around the drive shaft; A transmission assembly is arranged on the differential frame and driven by the drive shaft. The transmission assembly is used to drive the differential frame to rotate and form a rotation speed difference with the straightening cylinder.

2. The centralizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The differential frame is provided with a crushing part for crushing rocks; The crushing part faces the channel entrance, so that when the differential frame rotates, the crushing part collides with the rock and crushes the rock.

3. The centralizer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The crushing part is a conical surface arranged on the differential frame, and the conical surface gradually increases along the axial direction of the drive shaft from the inlet to the outlet of the channel.

4. The centralizer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The crushing part is provided with a hard alloy coating for improving hardness.

5. The centralizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission assembly is a differential gear train, comprising: A sun gear, which is disposed on the drive shaft and rotates with the drive shaft; A planetary shaft, which is rotatable about its axis and is disposed on the differential frame; A planetary gear, which is disposed on the planetary shaft and meshes with the sun gear; The ring gear is relatively fixedly arranged on the differential frame and meshes with the planetary gears, so that the ring gear is driven by the planetary gears, thereby driving the differential frame to rotate.

6. The centralizer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The differential frame is a rotating body, and the channel is a gap between the differential frame and the inner wall of the straightening cylinder.

7. The centralizer according to claim 6, characterized in that: The differential frame comprises: A housing, the rotatable outer sleeve of which is mounted on the driving shaft, wherein the transmission assembly is disposed in the housing and drives the housing to rotate; A crushing barrel is axially arranged at one end of the housing near the channel inlet along the driving shaft and rotates with the housing, and the crushing part is arranged on the crushing barrel; The end cover is axially arranged at one end of the shell body close to the channel outlet along the driving shaft and rotates with the shell body.

8. The centralizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The straightening cylinder is provided with a plurality of channel entrances for rocks to enter, and each channel entrance is arranged along the circumference of the straightening cylinder. A flow limiting component for limiting the flow of rocks in the channel is provided on the inner wall of the straightening cylinder, and the flow limiting component is provided between any two channel entrances along the circumference of the straightening cylinder.

9. The centralizer according to claim 8, characterized in that: The flow limiting member is provided with a first inclined surface at one end of the channel entrance along the axial direction of the straightening cylinder, and the first inclined surface can guide part of the rock to the crushing mechanism; the flow limiting member is provided with a second inclined surface at one end of the channel exit along the axial direction of the straightening cylinder, and the second inclined surface can guide part of the rock away; The flow limiting member is provided with an opening groove for rock flow along the axial direction of the driving shaft.

10. The centralizer according to claim 2, characterized in that: One end of the straightening cylinder is evenly provided with first connecting pieces along the circumference of the straightening cylinder, and the first connecting pieces are connected between the straightening cylinder and the driving shaft. The other end of the straightening cylinder is evenly provided with second connecting pieces along the circumference of the straightening cylinder, and the second connecting pieces are connected between the straightening cylinder and the driving shaft, and the straightening cylinder is driven to rotate with the driving shaft through the first connecting piece and the second connecting piece. Wherein, the inlet of the channel is arranged between adjacent first connecting members, and the outlet of the channel is arranged between adjacent second connecting members.

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