A kind of prevention and treatment method of potato scab

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preventing and treating potato scab. The method comprises the following steps: irrigating a planting field with peel fermentation liquid, deep ploughing, irrigating the field with peel fermentation liquid, and continuously drip irrigation for several days, so that the pathogens of potato scab remaining in the surface and deep layers of the soil can be effectively eliminated, and the infection probability of seed potatoes can be reduced. The seed potato tubers are soaked with the peel fermentation liquid, so that the infection resistance of the seed potato tubers can be improved, the incidence rate and disease index of potato scab can be effectively reduced, and the utilization rate of potato tubers can be improved. The peel fermentation liquid is continuously dripped from the budding stage to the third of the flowering stage and the young potato swelling stage, so that the pathogens around the young potatoes can be killed on the one hand to protect the young potatoes, and the nutrition for the plants can be supplemented on the other hand to enhance the immunity of the plants, so that the incidence rate and disease index of potato scab can be further reduced, and the potato yield can be improved. The continuous use of the peel fermentation liquid has no drug resistance and will not cause drug damage, and the economic benefit is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, and in particular to a method for preventing and treating potato scab. Background Art

[0002] Potatoes are 15-80 cm tall, glabrous or sparsely pubescent. The stem is divided into two parts: the aboveground stem and the underground stem. Potatoes are one of the four major staple foods in China. They have high nutritional value, strong adaptability, and high yield. They are the fourth largest food crop after wheat, corn, and rice. Potato planting areas are mainly distributed in Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Shandong, and other places. The most common and most difficult disease to prevent and control is potato scab, which not only affects the yield, but also affects the appearance and commercial value of potatoes. Scab mainly harms tubers, invading from lenticels and wounds, and producing brown spots on the surface of tubers in the early stage of the disease. Later, it gradually expands, and the tissue around the infection point necroses. The surface of the tuber is rough and the texture is corky. Depending on the type of pathogen, mature tubers often show raised or sunken surface lesions. In severe cases, the lesions are continuous, and the quality of the tubers is reduced. At the same time, because the epidermal tissue is damaged, it is easy to be infected by other pathogens, causing tuber rot. Potato scab pathogens mainly overwinter with diseased residues in the soil and become the primary infection source. They can also be carried by seed potatoes. After planting, the fungus source contacts the host through the wound surface of the seed potato, and then reproduces initially. The amount of fungus source increases. After the plant buds appear, during the potato expansion period, the fungus source enters the host through the pores of the potato or the wounds formed by the friction between the potato and the soil. When the temperature and humidity are suitable, the disease will occur. It can continue to cause harm during the expansion period of the young fruit. After the epidermis becomes corky, the damage has been caused, and the degree of further damage is reduced. The conditions for potato scab to develop are: 1. Sandy land is prone to scab, because the friction between the potato and the sand during the expansion process is easy to produce wounds, which provides a green channel for pathogens. 2. Low-lying waterlogged land is prone to disease, and bacteria spread with water and reproduce in large numbers. As long as the pores are large or there are wounds, the number of pathogens reaches a certain number and can infect and cause harm. 3. The large-scale application of alkaline fertilizers gradually makes the soil alkaline, which is conducive to the survival and reproduction of pathogens, causing potato scab to worsen year by year. 4. In addition, during the formation of potato tubers, the field humidity is low, and then there is continuous drought and no rain, which makes the disease more serious.

[0003] Therefore, in the process of potato scab prevention and treatment, we cannot wait until the potato is in the swelling stage before using drugs. Once the pathogen enters the wound, losses will inevitably occur. Drugs should be used in advance at the time of sowing, budding stage, and one-third of flowering. Before budding and one-third of flowering are sensitive periods for potatoes, and the use of chemical agents is likely to cause drug damage. It is urgent to develop a potato scab prevention and treatment method that can effectively prevent and treat potato scab and is not prone to drug damage. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling potato scab which is less likely to cause phytotoxicity and has good control effect.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: a method for preventing and treating potato scab, comprising the following steps:

[0006] (1) Planting site treatment:

[0007] 1.1) Before planting potatoes, apply 300-400 kg / mu of fermented fruit peel liquid to the planting site, deep plow the soil, prepare the land, and then apply 200-250 kg / mu of fermented fruit peel liquid to the planting site;

[0008] 1.2) Continuously drip irrigate the peel fermentation liquid on the planting site for 6 to 10 days to obtain a treated planting site;

[0009] (2) Planting: firstly soaking the potato seed tubers with the peel fermentation liquid, drying them in the air, and obtaining soaked seed tubers; then sowing the soaked seed tubers in the treated planting site;

[0010] (3) Prevention and control of potato scab:

[0011] 3.1) From the budding stage to the one-third flowering stage of potatoes, continuous drip irrigation of peel fermentation liquid is carried out;

[0012] 3.2) Continuously drip irrigation of peel fermentation liquid for 3 to 5 days during the potato bulking period;

[0013] (4) Strengthen field management: water and fertilize at the right time, and increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers;

[0014] (5) Harvesting: Harvest potatoes at the right time.

[0015] Furthermore, the peel fermentation liquid is one or more of passion fruit peel fermentation liquid, pitaya peel fermentation liquid, grapefruit peel fermentation liquid, banana peel fermentation liquid or watermelon peel fermentation liquid.

[0016] Furthermore, the preparation method of the peel fermentation liquid is as follows: 1) adding 40 to 60 parts by weight of peel, 3 to 5 parts by weight of soluble starch, 4 to 8 parts by weight of glucose, and 70 to 90 parts by weight of water into a container, mixing evenly, and sealing and fermenting in a dark place without direct sunlight for 30 to 35 days to obtain a fermentation stock solution; 2) diluting the fermentation stock solution with water by 10 to 15 times to obtain the peel fermentation liquid.

[0017] Furthermore, in the step 2), the biogas slurry is first diluted 5 to 8 times with water to obtain diluted biogas slurry; and the fermentation stock solution is then diluted 10 to 15 times with the diluted biogas slurry to obtain the peel fermentation solution.

[0018] Furthermore, in the step 1.2), the daily dosage of the mesocarp fermentation liquid is controlled at 180-210 kg / mu.

[0019] Furthermore, in the step 1.2), after continuous drip irrigation of the peel fermentation liquid to the previous diseased area and the waterlogged area after rain, 80-100 kg / mu of quicklime and 50-70 kg / mu of wood ash are first applied to the ground of the planting site to obtain a treated planting site.

[0020] Furthermore, in the step 3.1), the daily dosage of the mesocarp fermentation liquid is controlled at 230-250 kg / mu.

[0021] Furthermore, in the step 3.2), the daily dosage of the mesocarp fermentation liquid is controlled at 200-220 kg / mu.

[0022] Furthermore, in the step 3.2), when the potato bulking period encounters high temperature and rainy weather, 500-600 times diluted Wofengsu is applied at 250-270 kg / mu.

[0023] Furthermore, when the planting land in step 3.2) is sandy land, 200-230 kg / mu of root irrigation solution is applied during the potato bulking period to promote wound healing of the potato and prevent wound infection by pathogens. The root irrigation solution comprises, by weight: 200 parts of biogas slurry, 30-35 parts of water-soluble agricultural amino acid powder, 15-20 parts of sodium humate, 20-30 parts of potassium humate, and 2-3 parts of allicin.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention provides a method for preventing and controlling potato scab, which is effective in preventing and controlling potato scab and is not prone to causing phytotoxicity, targeting the problem that the period before budding and one-third of flowering is a sensitive period for potatoes and chemical agents are likely to cause phytotoxicity. The present invention provides a method for preventing and controlling potato scab, which is not prone to causing phytotoxicity. Specifically, the fruit peel fermentation liquid is used to irrigate the planting land, deep plowing is performed, and then the fruit peel fermentation liquid is used to irrigate the land, and continuous drip irrigation is performed for several days, which can effectively eliminate the potato scab pathogens remaining in the surface and deep layers of the soil and reduce the probability of potato seed potatoes being infected with the disease. The fruit peel fermentation liquid is used to irrigate the planting land, deep plowing is performed, and then the fruit peel fermentation liquid is used to irrigate the land, and continuous drip irrigation is performed for several days. Soaking potato seed tubers can improve their resistance to infection, effectively reduce the incidence and disease index of potato scab, and improve the utilization rate of potato tubers; continuous drip irrigation of peel fermentation liquid from the bud stage to the one-third stage of flowering and during the potato swelling stage can kill the pathogens around the potato and protect the potato, and on the other hand, it can supplement nutrition for the plant, enhance the plant's immunity, further reduce the incidence and disease index of potato scab, and increase potato yield. Continuous use has no drug resistance and will not cause drug damage, with high economic benefits.

[0025] The invention discloses a method for preventing and controlling potato scab. When preparing peel fermentation liquid, biogas slurry is used instead of water to dilute the fermentation stock liquid. The addition of biogas slurry can not only further reduce the probability of potato seed potatoes and plants being infected with the disease, but also effectively increase the potato yield, with better use effect and higher economic benefit. When the soil in the diseased area of ​​the previous crop and the waterlogged area after rain is disinfected, quicklime and plant ash are added to further assist in killing the potato scab pathogens remaining in the soil, so as to further reduce the incidence and condition of potato scab. Index; When encountering high temperature and rainy weather during the potato bulking period, apply more Wofengsu. Wofengsu contains amino acids, humic acid, polysaccharides, and various trace elements, which can supplement crop nutrition, increase photosynthetic rate, enhance plant immunity, increase yield, and reduce the incidence of potato scab; During the potato bulking process, friction with sand is easy to cause wounds, which are easily infected by pathogens. Therefore, applying root irrigation solution during the potato bulking period can effectively promote the healing of potato wounds and avoid wound infection with pathogens, thereby reducing the incidence of potato scab. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following embodiments may help those skilled in the art to more fully understand the present invention, but shall not limit the present invention in any way.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] A method for preventing and treating potato scab comprises the following steps:

[0029] (1) Planting site treatment: The planting site was selected in Wuming District, Nanning City, Guangxi. The planting site was loamy soil and located in the diseased area of ​​the previous crop. The planting time was mid-March and the potato variety was Bashu No. 9.

[0030] 1.1) Before planting potatoes, sprinkle 300 kg / mu of peel fermentation liquid on the ground of the planting site, deep plow the soil to a depth of about 35 cm, prepare the land, and then sprinkle 200 kg / mu of peel fermentation liquid on the ground of the planting site;

[0031] 1.2) For the diseased area of ​​the previous crop, the pericarp fermentation liquid was drip-irrigated continuously for 6 days in the planting area, and the daily dosage of pericarp fermentation liquid was controlled at 180 kg / mu. First, 80 kg / mu of quicklime was added to the ground of the planting area, and then 50 kg / mu of plant ash was applied to obtain a well-treated planting area;

[0032] (2) Planting: firstly soaking the potato seed tubers with the peel fermentation liquid, drying them in the air, and obtaining soaked seed tubers; then sowing the soaked seed tubers in the treated planting site;

[0033] (3) Prevention and control of potato scab:

[0034] 3.1) From the budding stage to the one-third flowering stage of potatoes, continuous drip irrigation of pericarp fermentation liquid was carried out, and the daily dosage of pericarp fermentation liquid was controlled at 230 kg / mu;

[0035] 3.2) During the potato bulking period, continuous drip irrigation of peel fermentation liquid was carried out for 3 days, and the daily dosage of peel fermentation liquid was controlled at 200 kg / mu;

[0036] During the potato bulking period, apply 500 times the amount of Wofengsu at 250 kg / mu;

[0037] (4) Strengthen field management: water and fertilize at the right time, and increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers;

[0038] (5) Harvesting: Harvest potatoes at the right time;

[0039] The peel fermentation liquid used in this embodiment is passion fruit peel fermentation liquid, pitaya peel fermentation liquid, grapefruit peel fermentation liquid, banana peel fermentation liquid or watermelon peel fermentation liquid; the preparation method of the peel fermentation liquid is as follows: 1) adding 40 parts by weight of peel, 3 parts by weight of soluble starch, 4 parts by weight of glucose, and 70 parts by weight of water into a container, mixing them evenly, and sealing and fermenting them in a dark place without direct sunlight for 30 days to obtain a fermentation stock solution; 2) first diluting the biogas slurry with water by 5 times to obtain a diluted biogas slurry; and then diluting the fermentation stock solution by 10 times with the diluted biogas slurry to obtain the peel fermentation liquid.

[0040] Example 2

[0041] A method for preventing and treating potato scab comprises the following steps:

[0042] (1) Planting site treatment: The planting site was selected in Wuming District, Nanning City, Guangxi. The planting site was sandy and located in the diseased area of ​​the previous crop. The planting time was mid-March and the potato variety was Bashu No. 9.

[0043] 1.1) Before planting potatoes, sprinkle 400 kg / mu of peel fermentation liquid on the ground of the planting site, deep plow the soil to a depth of about 35 cm, prepare the land, and then sprinkle 250 kg / mu of peel fermentation liquid on the ground of the planting site;

[0044] 1.2) Continuously drip irrigate the pericarp fermentation liquid for 10 days at the planting site, and control the daily dosage of pericarp fermentation liquid at 210 kg / mu. Then, apply 100 kg / mu of quicklime and 70 kg / mu of plant ash on the ground of the planting site to obtain a well-treated planting site;

[0045] (2) Planting: firstly soaking the potato seed tubers with the peel fermentation liquid, drying them in the air, and obtaining soaked seed tubers; then sowing the soaked seed tubers in the treated planting site;

[0046] (3) Prevention and control of potato scab:

[0047] 3.1) From the budding stage to the one-third flowering stage of potatoes, continuous drip irrigation of pericarp fermentation liquid is carried out, and the daily dosage of pericarp fermentation liquid is controlled at 230-250 kg / mu;

[0048] 3.2) During the potato bulking period, continuous drip irrigation of peel fermentation liquid was carried out for 5 days, and the daily dosage of peel fermentation liquid was controlled at 220 kg / mu;

[0049] When the potato is in the bulking period and the weather is hot and rainy, apply 600 times diluted Wofengsu at 270 kg / mu;

[0050] During the potato bulking period, 200 kg / mu of root irrigation liquid is applied to promote wound healing and prevent wound infection. The root irrigation liquid includes, by weight: 200 parts of biogas slurry, 30 parts of water-soluble agricultural amino acid powder, 15 parts of sodium humate, 20 parts of potassium humate, and 2 parts of allicin;

[0051] (4) Strengthen field management: water and fertilize at the right time, and increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers;

[0052] (5) Harvesting: Harvest potatoes at the right time;

[0053] The peel fermentation liquid used in this embodiment is passion fruit peel fermentation liquid, pitaya peel fermentation liquid, grapefruit peel fermentation liquid, banana peel fermentation liquid or watermelon peel fermentation liquid; the preparation method of the peel fermentation liquid is as follows: 1) adding 60 parts by weight of peel, 5 parts by weight of soluble starch, 8 parts by weight of glucose and 90 parts by weight of water into a container, mixing them evenly, and sealing and fermenting them in a dark place without direct sunlight for 35 days to obtain a fermentation stock liquid; 2) first diluting the biogas slurry by 8 times with water to obtain a diluted biogas slurry; and then diluting the fermentation stock liquid by 15 times with the diluted biogas slurry to obtain the peel fermentation liquid.

[0054] Example 3

[0055] A method for preventing and treating potato scab comprises the following steps:

[0056] (1) Planting site treatment: The planting site was selected in Wuming District, Nanning City, Guangxi. The planting site was sandy and located in the diseased area of ​​the previous crop. The planting time was mid-March and the potato variety was Bashu No. 9.

[0057] 1.1) Before planting potatoes, sprinkle 400 kg / mu of peel fermentation liquid on the ground of the planting site, deep plow the soil to a depth of about 35 cm, prepare the land, and then sprinkle 250 kg / mu of peel fermentation liquid on the ground of the planting site;

[0058] 1.2) Continuously drip irrigate the pericarp fermentation liquid for 10 days at the planting site, and control the daily dosage of pericarp fermentation liquid at 210 kg / mu. Then, apply 100 kg / mu of quicklime and 70 kg / mu of plant ash on the ground of the planting site to obtain a well-treated planting site;

[0059] (2) Planting: firstly soaking the potato seed tubers with the peel fermentation liquid, drying them in the air, and obtaining soaked seed tubers; then sowing the soaked seed tubers in the treated planting site;

[0060] (3) Prevention and control of potato scab:

[0061] 3.1) From the budding stage to the one-third flowering stage of potatoes, continuous drip irrigation of pericarp fermentation liquid is carried out, and the daily dosage of pericarp fermentation liquid is controlled at 230-250 kg / mu;

[0062] 3.2) During the potato bulking period, continuous drip irrigation of peel fermentation liquid was carried out for 5 days, and the daily dosage of peel fermentation liquid was controlled at 220 kg / mu;

[0063] When the potato is in the bulking period and the weather is hot and rainy, apply 600 times diluted Wofengsu at 270 kg / mu;

[0064] (4) Strengthen field management: water and fertilize at the right time, and increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers;

[0065] (5) Harvesting: Harvest potatoes at the right time;

[0066] The peel fermentation liquid used in this embodiment is passion fruit peel fermentation liquid, pitaya peel fermentation liquid, grapefruit peel fermentation liquid, banana peel fermentation liquid or watermelon peel fermentation liquid; the preparation method of the peel fermentation liquid is as follows: 1) adding 60 parts by weight of peel, 5 parts by weight of soluble starch, 8 parts by weight of glucose and 90 parts by weight of water into a container, mixing them evenly, and sealing and fermenting them in a dark place without direct sunlight for 35 days to obtain a fermentation stock liquid; 2) first diluting the biogas slurry by 8 times with water to obtain a diluted biogas slurry; and then diluting the fermentation stock liquid by 15 times with the diluted biogas slurry to obtain the peel fermentation liquid.

[0067] Example 4

[0068] A method for preventing and treating potato scab comprises the following steps:

[0069] (1) Planting site treatment: The planting site was selected in Wuming District, Nanning City, Guangxi. The planting site was sandy and located in the diseased area of ​​the previous crop. The planting time was mid-March and the potato variety was Bashu No. 9.

[0070] 1.1) Before planting potatoes, sprinkle 400 kg / mu of peel fermentation liquid on the ground of the planting site, deep plow the soil to a depth of about 35 cm, prepare the land, and then sprinkle 250 kg / mu of peel fermentation liquid on the ground of the planting site;

[0071] 1.2) Continuously drip irrigate the pericarp fermentation liquid for 10 days at the planting site, and control the daily dosage of pericarp fermentation liquid at 210 kg / mu to obtain a well-treated planting site;

[0072] (2) Planting: firstly soaking the potato seed tubers with the peel fermentation liquid, drying them in the air, and obtaining soaked seed tubers; then sowing the soaked seed tubers in the treated planting site;

[0073] (3) Prevention and control of potato scab:

[0074] 3.1) From the budding stage to the one-third flowering stage of potatoes, continuous drip irrigation of pericarp fermentation liquid is carried out, and the daily dosage of pericarp fermentation liquid is controlled at 230-250 kg / mu;

[0075] 3.2) During the potato bulking period, continuous drip irrigation of peel fermentation liquid was carried out for 5 days, and the daily dosage of peel fermentation liquid was controlled at 220 kg / mu;

[0076] When the potato is in the bulking period and the weather is hot and rainy, apply 600 times diluted Wofengsu at 270 kg / mu;

[0077] During the potato bulking period, 200 kg / mu of root irrigation liquid is applied to promote wound healing and prevent wound infection. The root irrigation liquid includes, by weight: 200 parts of biogas slurry, 30 parts of water-soluble agricultural amino acid powder, 15 parts of sodium humate, 20 parts of potassium humate, and 2 parts of allicin;

[0078] (4) Strengthen field management: water and fertilize at the right time, and increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers;

[0079] (5) Harvesting: Harvest potatoes at the right time;

[0080] The peel fermentation liquid used in this embodiment is passion fruit peel fermentation liquid, pitaya peel fermentation liquid, grapefruit peel fermentation liquid, banana peel fermentation liquid or watermelon peel fermentation liquid; the preparation method of the peel fermentation liquid is as follows: 1) adding 60 parts by weight of peel, 5 parts by weight of soluble starch, 8 parts by weight of glucose and 90 parts by weight of water into a container, mixing them evenly, and sealing and fermenting them in a dark place without direct sunlight for 35 days to obtain a fermentation stock liquid; 2) first diluting the biogas slurry by 8 times with water to obtain a diluted biogas slurry; and then diluting the fermentation stock liquid by 15 times with the diluted biogas slurry to obtain the peel fermentation liquid.

[0081] Example 5

[0082] A method for preventing and treating potato scab comprises the following steps:

[0083] (1) Planting site treatment: The planting site was selected in Wuming District, Nanning City, Guangxi. The planting site was sandy and located in the diseased area of ​​the previous crop. The planting time was mid-March and the potato variety was Bashu No. 9.

[0084] 1.1) Before planting potatoes, sprinkle 400 kg / mu of peel fermentation liquid on the ground of the planting site, deep plow the soil to a depth of about 35 cm, prepare the land, and then sprinkle 250 kg / mu of peel fermentation liquid on the ground of the planting site;

[0085] 1.2) Continuously drip irrigate the pericarp fermentation liquid for 10 days at the planting site, and control the daily dosage of pericarp fermentation liquid at 210 kg / mu. Then, apply 100 kg / mu of quicklime and 70 kg / mu of plant ash on the ground of the planting site to obtain a well-treated planting site;

[0086] (2) Planting: firstly soaking the potato seed tubers with the peel fermentation liquid, drying them in the air, and obtaining soaked seed tubers; then sowing the soaked seed tubers in the treated planting site;

[0087] (3) Prevention and control of potato scab:

[0088] 3.1) From the budding stage to the one-third flowering stage of potatoes, continuous drip irrigation of pericarp fermentation liquid is carried out, and the daily dosage of pericarp fermentation liquid is controlled at 230-250 kg / mu;

[0089] 3.2) During the potato bulking period, continuous drip irrigation of peel fermentation liquid was carried out for 5 days, and the daily dosage of peel fermentation liquid was controlled at 220 kg / mu;

[0090] When the potato is in the bulking period and the weather is hot and rainy, apply 600 times diluted Wofengsu at 270 kg / mu;

[0091] During the potato bulking period, 200 kg / mu of root irrigation liquid is applied to promote wound healing and prevent wound infection. The root irrigation liquid includes, by weight: 200 parts of biogas slurry, 30 parts of water-soluble agricultural amino acid powder, 15 parts of sodium humate, 20 parts of potassium humate, and 2 parts of allicin;

[0092] (4) Strengthen field management: water and fertilize at the right time, and increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers;

[0093] (5) Harvesting: Harvest potatoes at the right time;

[0094] The peel fermentation liquid used in this embodiment is passion fruit peel fermentation liquid, pitaya peel fermentation liquid, grapefruit peel fermentation liquid, banana peel fermentation liquid or watermelon peel fermentation liquid; the preparation method of the peel fermentation liquid is: 1) adding 60 parts by weight of peel, 5 parts by weight of soluble starch, 8 parts by weight of glucose, and 90 parts by weight of water into a container, mixing them evenly, and sealing and fermenting them in a dark place without direct sunlight for 35 days to obtain a fermentation stock solution; 2) diluting the fermentation stock solution with water by 15 times to obtain the peel fermentation liquid.

[0095] Example 6

[0096] A method for preventing and treating potato scab comprises the following steps:

[0097] (1) Planting site treatment: The planting site was selected in Wuming District, Nanning City, Guangxi. The planting site was sandy and located in the diseased area of ​​the previous crop. The planting time was mid-March and the potato variety was Bashu No. 9.

[0098] 1.1) Before planting potatoes, sprinkle 400 kg / mu of peel fermentation liquid on the ground of the planting site, deep plow the soil to a depth of about 35 cm, prepare the land, and then sprinkle 250 kg / mu of peel fermentation liquid on the ground of the planting site;

[0099] 1.2) Continuously drip irrigate the pericarp fermentation liquid for 10 days at the planting site, and control the daily dosage of pericarp fermentation liquid at 210 kg / mu. Then, apply 100 kg / mu of quicklime and 70 kg / mu of plant ash on the ground of the planting site to obtain a well-treated planting site;

[0100] (2) Planting: firstly soaking the potato seed tubers with the peel fermentation liquid, drying them in the air, and obtaining soaked seed tubers; then sowing the soaked seed tubers in the treated planting site;

[0101] (3) Prevention and control of potato scab:

[0102] 3.1) From the budding stage to the one-third flowering stage of potatoes, continuous drip irrigation of pericarp fermentation liquid is carried out, and the daily dosage of pericarp fermentation liquid is controlled at 230-250 kg / mu;

[0103] 3.2) During the potato bulking period, continuous drip irrigation of peel fermentation liquid was carried out for 5 days, and the daily dosage of peel fermentation liquid was controlled at 220 kg / mu;

[0104] During the potato bulking period, 200 kg / mu of root irrigation liquid is applied to promote wound healing and prevent wound infection. The root irrigation liquid includes, by weight: 200 parts of biogas slurry, 30 parts of water-soluble agricultural amino acid powder, 15 parts of sodium humate, 20 parts of potassium humate, and 2 parts of allicin;

[0105] (4) Strengthen field management: water and fertilize at the right time, and increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers;

[0106] (5) Harvesting: Harvest potatoes at the right time;

[0107] The peel fermentation liquid used in this embodiment is passion fruit peel fermentation liquid, pitaya peel fermentation liquid, grapefruit peel fermentation liquid, banana peel fermentation liquid or watermelon peel fermentation liquid; the preparation method of the peel fermentation liquid is as follows: 1) adding 60 parts by weight of peel, 5 parts by weight of soluble starch, 8 parts by weight of glucose and 90 parts by weight of water into a container, mixing them evenly, and sealing and fermenting them in a dark place without direct sunlight for 35 days to obtain a fermentation stock liquid; 2) first diluting the biogas slurry by 8 times with water to obtain a diluted biogas slurry; and then diluting the fermentation stock liquid by 15 times with the diluted biogas slurry to obtain the peel fermentation liquid.

[0108] Comparative Example 1

[0109] A method for preventing and controlling potato scab: the planting site is selected in Wuming District, Nanning City, Guangxi, the planting site is loamy land, and the planting site is not in the diseased area of ​​the previous crop; the planting time is mid-March, and the potato variety is Bashu No. 9;

[0110] General defense plan:

[0111] (1) When planting, spray the planting furrow with 150-300 times of Qingkulike and 150-300 times of Diliwang, aiming at the seed blocks to disinfect the seed blocks and repair wounds;

[0112] (2) During the budding stage, use 150-300 times of Qingkulike + 300-500 times of Diliwang + 600 times of Wofengsu, drip irrigation or flushing, and foliar spraying can be performed at the same time;

[0113] (3) When the number of flowers accounts for 1 / 3, use 150-300 times of Qingkulike + 300-500 times of Diliwang + 600 times of Wofengsu, drip irrigation or flushing, and foliar spray can be performed at the same time.

[0114] Potato scab was controlled according to the control methods of Examples 1-4 and Comparative Example 1, and control effect data were collected;

[0115] Five plots were selected as field test plots for each embodiment and comparative example, each plot having an area of ​​30 m 2 , and counted the number of harvested tubers and the number of diseased tubers in each plot.

[0116] Scab disease grading standards:

[0117] Level 0: The potato skin is healthy and has no disease spots;

[0118] Level 1: The potato skin is basically healthy, with 1-2 sporadic spots, the area of ​​which does not exceed 1 / 4 of the potato skin surface area;

[0119] Level 2: There are 3-5 lesions on the potato peel surface, occupying an area of ​​1 / 4-1 / 3 of the potato peel surface area;

[0120] Level 3: There are 5-10 spots on the potato peel, covering an area of ​​1 / 3-1 / 2 of the potato peel;

[0121] Level 4: Severely infected, with more than 10 lesions or the area of ​​lesions exceeds 1 / 2 of the surface area of ​​the potato peel.

[0122] Incidence rate = number of diseased tubers per plot / number of harvested tubers per plot × 100%;

[0123] Disease index = Σ(number of diseased tubers × representative value of the disease level) / (number of tubers harvested in each plot × representative value of the highest disease level) × 100%.

[0124] The statistical results are shown in Table 1 below:

[0125] Table 1

[0126] project Incidence of scab disease / % Disease index <![CDATA[Yield per plot (kg / 30m 2 )]]> Calculate the yield per mu / (kg) Example 1 1.5 1.87 158.7 3528.43 Example 2 1.3 1.54 160.3 3564.00 Example 3 2.6 3.76 152.5 3390.58 Example 4 2.8 4.19 148.2 3294.98 Example 5 3.4 5.23 138.6 3081.54 Example 6 2.9 4.35 141.8 3152.69 Comparative Example 1 2.5 3.69 150.1 3337.22

[0127] From the statistical results of Table 1, it can be seen that in the method for preventing and controlling potato scab of the present invention, the planting sites of Examples 1-6 are all located in the diseased area of ​​the previous crop, and Comparative Example 1 adopts a general prevention scheme, and the planting site is not located in the diseased area of ​​the previous crop. The prevention and control results show that the prevention and control effects of Examples 1-6 are similar to those of the general prevention scheme, and since the difference between the two exists in whether they are located in the diseased area of ​​the previous crop, it can be seen that the prevention and control effect of the present method is better than that of the general prevention scheme, and the present method is used for prevention and control, and continuous use has no drug resistance and will not cause drug damage.

[0128] The invention discloses a method for preventing and controlling potato scab. Aiming at the problem that the period before budding and one third of flowering is sensitive for potatoes and chemical agents are likely to cause phytotoxicity, a method for preventing and controlling potato scab is developed, which can effectively prevent and control potato scab and is not likely to cause phytotoxicity. Specifically, the peel fermentation liquid is used to irrigate the planting land, deep plowing is performed, and the peel fermentation liquid is then used to irrigate the land, and continuous drip irrigation is performed for several days, so that the potato scab pathogens remaining in the surface and deep layers of the soil can be effectively eliminated, and the infection probability of potato seed potatoes is reduced. Soaking potato seed tubers with peel fermentation liquid can improve the infection resistance of potato seed tubers, effectively reduce the incidence and disease index of potato scab, and increase the utilization rate of potato tubers; continuous drip irrigation of peel fermentation liquid from the potato bud stage to one-third of the flowering stage and the potato swelling stage can kill the pathogens around the potato and protect the potato, and on the other hand, it can also supplement nutrition for the plant, enhance the plant immunity, further reduce the incidence and disease index of potato scab, and increase potato yield. Continuous use has no drug resistance and will not cause drug damage, with high economic benefits; when preparing peel fermentation liquid, biogas slurry is used instead of water to dilute the fermentation stock liquid. The addition of biogas slurry can not only further reduce the disease probability of potato seed potatoes and plants, but also effectively increase potato yield, with better use effect and higher economic benefits; when disinfecting the soil in the previous diseased area and the waterlogged area after rain, quicklime and wood ash are also added to further assist in killing the potato scab pathogens remaining in the soil, further reducing the incidence of potato scab. and disease index; when encountering high temperature and rainy weather during the potato bulking period, apply more Wofengsu. Wofengsu contains amino acids, humic acid, polysaccharides, and various trace elements, which can supplement crop nutrition, increase photosynthetic rate, enhance plant immunity, thereby increasing yield and reducing the incidence of potato scab; during the potato bulking process, friction with sand is likely to cause wounds, which are easily infected by pathogens. Therefore, applying root irrigation solution during the potato bulking period can effectively promote the healing of potato wounds and avoid wound infection with pathogens, thereby reducing the incidence of potato scab.

[0129] Although the present invention has been described in detail above with general descriptions and specific embodiments, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that some modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the present invention. Therefore, these modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present invention all fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preventing and treating potato scab, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Planting site treatment: 1.1) Before planting potatoes, apply 300-400 kg / mu of peel fermentation liquid to the planting site, deep plow the soil, prepare the land, and then apply 200-250 kg / mu of peel fermentation liquid to the planting site; 1.2) Continuously drip irrigation of the peel fermentation liquid on the planting site for 6 to 10 days to obtain a treated planting site; (2) Planting: firstly soaking potato seed tubers with peel fermentation liquid, drying them in the air, and obtaining soaked seed tubers; then sowing the soaked seed tubers in the treated planting site; (3) Prevention and control of potato scab: 3.1) From the budding stage to the one-third flowering stage of potatoes, continuous drip irrigation of peel fermentation liquid is carried out; 3.2) Continuously drip irrigation of peel fermentation liquid for 3 to 5 days during the potato bulking period; (4) Strengthen field management: water and fertilize at the right time, and increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers; (5) Harvesting: Harvest potatoes at the right time; The peel fermentation liquid is one or more of passion fruit peel fermentation liquid, pitaya peel fermentation liquid, grapefruit peel fermentation liquid, banana peel fermentation liquid or watermelon peel fermentation liquid; The preparation method of the peel fermentation liquid is as follows: 1) adding 40 to 60 parts by weight of peel, 3 to 5 parts by weight of soluble starch, 4 to 8 parts by weight of glucose, and 70 to 90 parts by weight of water into a container, mixing them evenly, and sealing and fermenting them in a dark place without direct sunlight for 30 to 35 days to obtain a fermentation stock solution; 2) diluting the fermentation stock solution with water by 10 to 15 times to obtain the peel fermentation liquid; in the step 2), the biogas slurry is first diluted with water by 5 to 8 times to obtain the diluted biogas slurry, and then the fermentation stock solution is diluted by 10 to 15 times with the diluted biogas slurry to obtain the peel fermentation liquid; In the step 1.2), after continuous drip irrigation of the peel fermentation liquid in the previous crop diseased area and the waterlogged area after rain, 80-100 kg / mu of quicklime and 50-70 kg / mu of plant ash are first applied to the ground of the planting site to obtain a treated planting site; In the step 3.2), when the potato is in the expansion period and the weather is hot and rainy, apply 500-600 times of Wofengsu solution at 250-270 kg / mu; When the planting site in step 3.2) is sandy soil, 200-230 kg / mu of root irrigation solution is applied during the potato bulking period to promote wound healing of the potato and prevent wound infection with pathogens. The root irrigation solution comprises, by weight, 200 parts of biogas slurry, 30-35 parts of water-soluble agricultural amino acid powder, 15-20 parts of sodium humate, 20-30 parts of potassium humate, and 2-3 parts of allicin.

2. A method for preventing and treating potato scab according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 1.2), the daily dosage of the mesocarp fermentation liquid is controlled at 180-210 kg / mu.

3. A method for preventing and treating potato scab according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 3.1), the daily dosage of the mesocarp fermentation liquid is controlled at 230-250 kg / mu.

4. A method for preventing and treating potato scab according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 3.2), the daily dosage of the mesocarp fermentation liquid is controlled at 200-220 kg / mu.