A welding method for high-strength thin plate components of ships

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of ship plate welding for high-strength thin plate components. When welding a plurality of thin plate sheets (1), transverse girders (2), and longitudinal ribs (3), welding is started from the central part, and then symmetrical welding is diffused to the left, right, upper, and lower peripheries in sequence; the butt joints are welded first, then the vertical welds are welded, and finally the fillet joints are welded; when welding a plurality of thin plate sheets (1), transverse girders (2), and longitudinal ribs (3), CO2 gas shielded welding is used for the welding surface, and submerged arc welding is used for the reverse side. The method for welding high-strength thin plate components for ships described in the present invention has simple steps, and according to the characteristics of the thin plates, the bending and deformation of the thin plates during the welding process is effectively avoided, the welding quality is improved, and the requirements of ships are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of ship plate welding, and more specifically, relates to a welding method for ship high-strength thin plate components. Background Art

[0002] During the shipbuilding process, a large number of 3-12mm thin plates are used to reduce the plate thickness and profile specifications, among which the plate thickness is mainly 4-8mm steel plates; the upper construction uses 3-8mm aluminum alloy materials, among which 3-4mm is the main one. For thin plates, submerged arc automatic welding or manual arc welding is difficult to operate, and the welding quality control requirements are high. It is also very easy to deform during the manufacturing process. The main causes of welding deformation are welding thermal stress, residual stress and external force, and thin plates are more sensitive to these deformation factors. Secondly, the cutting, welding, pyrotechnic correction, flipping, transportation, sandblasting, painting and other processes in the manufacturing process are easy to cause deformation of the plate frame. From the perspective of ship construction, for thin steel plates, controlling welding deformation is one of the key tasks. After each welding process, the structural stress generated during the production process needs to be released to avoid deformation caused by limited release of internal stress due to external force constraints. However, the existing welding methods cannot effectively meet the complete deformation in the welding of thin plates, thereby affecting the quality of the welded structure.

[0003] In the prior art, there is a technology named "A welding method for a thin plate hull structure" and the publication number is "WO2019019422A1". The technology is specifically as follows: a plurality of plates (1) are hoisted to a set position of a sheet body (2), and the welds on the same side of each plate and the sheet body are first welded, and then the welds on the other side of each plate and the sheet body are welded. The method first welds each plate to the same side of the sheet body, and when all plates are welded on the same side, returns to the first welded plate, welds the other side of the plate, and welds the same side of the plates one by one. The method can make the welding deformations on both sides offset each other, so that the installation of the sheet body after welding can better meet the installation accuracy requirements.

[0004] However, this technology does not involve the technical problems and technical solutions of the present application. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: in view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, a method for welding high-strength thin plate components of ships is provided which has simple steps, takes into account the characteristics of thin plate welding, effectively avoids bending and deformation of the thin plates during welding, improves welding quality, and meets the requirements of ships.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] The present invention is a method for welding a high-strength thin plate component of a ship. The high-strength thin plate of the ship comprises a plurality of thin plate plates 1, a transverse girder 2, and a longitudinal rib 3. The transverse girder 2 and the longitudinal rib 3 form a component. The welding steps of the method for welding a high-strength thin plate component of a ship are as follows:

[0008] S1. Thin plates 1 adjacent to each other in transverse direction are welded side by side, and thin plates 1 adjacent to each other in vertical direction are welded side by side; longitudinal ribs 3 are welded to the longitudinal welds formed by the horizontally adjacent thin plates 1 welded side by side, and transverse girders 2 are welded to the transverse welds formed by the vertically adjacent thin plates 1 welded side by side;

[0009] S2. When welding multiple thin plates 1, transverse girders 2, and longitudinal ribs 3, start welding from the center, and then spread symmetrically to the left, right, upper, and lower peripheries in sequence; when welding each part, first weld the transverse welding part, then weld the longitudinal welding part;

[0010] S3. When welding multiple thin plates 1, transverse girders 2, and longitudinal ribs 3, adjacent thin plates 1 are butt welds, thin plates 1 and transverse girders 2 or thin plates 1 and longitudinal ribs 3 are fillet welds, and transverse girders 2 and longitudinal ribs 3 are vertical welds;

[0011] S4. Weld the butt weld first, then the vertical weld, and finally the fillet weld;

[0012] S5. When welding multiple thin plates 1, transverse girders 2, and longitudinal ribs 3, CO2 gas shielded welding is used on the welding surface and submerged arc welding is used on the reverse side.

[0013] The thin plate sheet 1 includes a central thin plate sheet 4, an upper first thin plate sheet 5, an upper second thin plate sheet 6, a lower first thin plate sheet 7, a lower second thin plate sheet 8, a left first thin plate sheet 9, a left second thin plate sheet 10, a right first thin plate sheet 11, and a right second thin plate sheet 12.

[0014] When welding multiple thin plate plates 1, transverse girders 2, and longitudinal ribs 3, the central thin plate plate 4 includes four pieces. After the central thin plate plate 4 and the corresponding transverse girders 2 and longitudinal ribs 3 are welded, the left first thin plate plate 9 and the corresponding transverse girders 2 and longitudinal ribs 3 on the left side of the central thin plate plate 4 are welded, and then the right first thin plate plate 11 and the corresponding transverse girders 2 and longitudinal ribs 3 on the right side of the central thin plate plate 4 are welded, and then the left second thin plate plate 10 and the corresponding transverse girders 2 and longitudinal ribs 3 on the left side of the central thin plate plate 4 are welded, and then the right second thin plate plate 12 and the corresponding transverse girders 2 and longitudinal ribs 3 on the right side of the central thin plate plate 4 are welded, until the leftmost and rightmost thin plate plates 1 and the corresponding transverse girders 2 and longitudinal ribs 3 of the central thin plate plate 4 are welded.

[0015] Then weld the upper first thin plate 5 and the corresponding transverse girder 2 and longitudinal rib 3 on the upper part of the central thin plate 4, and weld the lower first thin plate 7 and the corresponding transverse girder 2 and longitudinal rib 3 on the lower part of the central thin plate 4.

[0016] Then weld the left first thin plate plate 9 on the left side of the upper first thin plate plate 5 on the upper part of the central thin plate plate 4, then weld the right first thin plate plate 11 on the right side of the upper first thin plate plate 5 on the upper part of the central thin plate plate 4, then weld the left second thin plate plate 10 on the left side of the upper first thin plate plate 5 on the upper part of the central thin plate plate 4, then weld the right second thin plate plate 12 on the right side of the upper first thin plate plate 5 on the upper part of the central thin plate plate 4, until the welding of the leftmost and rightmost thin plate plates 1 and the corresponding transverse girders 2 and longitudinal ribs 3 of the upper first thin plate plate 5 on the upper part of the central thin plate plate 4 is completed.

[0017] Then weld the left first thin plate plate 9 on the left side of the lower first thin plate plate 7 of the lower part of the central thin plate plate 4, weld the right first thin plate plate 11 on the right side of the lower first thin plate plate 7 of the lower part of the central thin plate plate 4, then weld the left second thin plate plate 10 on the left side of the lower first thin plate plate 7 of the lower part of the central thin plate plate 4, weld the right second thin plate plate 12 on the right side of the lower first thin plate plate 7 of the lower part of the central thin plate plate 4, until the leftmost and rightmost thin plate plates 1 and the corresponding transverse girders 2 and longitudinal ribs 3 of the lower first thin plate plate 7 of the lower part of the central thin plate plate 4 are completed.

[0018] The upper second thin plate 6 and the corresponding transverse girder 2 and longitudinal rib 3 of the upper part of the central thin plate 4 are welded, and then the lower second thin plate 8 and the corresponding transverse girder 2 and longitudinal rib 3 of the lower part of the central thin plate 4 are welded.

[0019] Then weld the left first thin plate plate 9 and the corresponding transverse girder 2 and longitudinal rib 3 on the left side of the upper second thin plate plate 6, then weld the right first thin plate plate 11 and the corresponding transverse girder 2 and longitudinal rib 3 on the right side of the upper second thin plate plate 6, then weld the left first thin plate plate 9 and the corresponding transverse girder 2 and longitudinal rib 3 on the left side of the lower second thin plate plate 8, then weld the upper right first thin plate plate 11 and the corresponding transverse girder 2 and longitudinal rib 3 on the right side of the lower second thin plate plate 8.

[0020] Then weld the left second thin plate plate 10 and the corresponding transverse girder 2 and longitudinal rib 3 on the left side of the upper second thin plate plate 6, then weld the right second thin plate plate 12 and the corresponding transverse girder 2 and longitudinal rib 3 on the right side of the upper second thin plate plate 6, then weld the left second thin plate plate 10 and the corresponding transverse girder 2 and longitudinal rib 3 on the left side of the lower second thin plate plate 8, then weld the right second thin plate plate 12 and the corresponding transverse girder 2 and longitudinal rib 3 on the right side of the lower second thin plate plate 8.

[0021] When using CO2 gas shielded welding, the thin plate 1 is a thin plate with a thickness of 3mm-12mm, the weld adopts single-sided multi-pass, the groove angle is 35°-60°, and the groove gap is 3mm-8mm; when using submerged arc welding, the weld adopts double-sided single-pass, and the groove gap is 0mm-2mm.

[0022] The technical solution of the present invention is adopted, and the working principle and beneficial effects are as follows:

[0023] The method for welding high-strength thin plate components of a ship described in the present invention is that when the structure is set up, the corresponding components of the ship are made of high-strength thin plates, and the high-strength thin plates include multiple thin plate panels 1, transverse girders 2, and longitudinal ribs 3. It is necessary to control the welding process of the multiple thin plate panels 1, transverse girders 2, and longitudinal ribs 3. The improvement lies in that, firstly, the arrangement order and welding order of the plates are reasonably arranged, that is: the thin plate panels 1 adjacent to each other in the horizontal direction are welded left and right, and the thin plate panels 1 adjacent to each other up and down are welded up and down; the longitudinal ribs 3 are welded to the longitudinal weld parts formed by the left and right welding of the thin plate panels 1 adjacent to each other in the horizontal direction, and the transverse girders 2 are welded to the transverse weld parts formed by the up and down welding of the thin plate panels 1 adjacent to each other in the horizontal direction, so as to realize the position arrangement and weld control of different components, and the thin plate panels and components are reliably connected; secondly, the welding steps of different plates and components are controlled, that is: when welding multiple thin plate panels 1, transverse girders 2, and longitudinal ribs 3, Welding starts from the center, and then spreads to the left, right, upper, and lower peripheries in turn for symmetrical welding; when welding each part, first weld the horizontal welding part, then weld the longitudinal welding part; again, control the welding sequence of the welds, that is: the adjacent thin plate 1 is a butt weld, the thin plate 1 and the horizontal girder 2 or the thin plate 1 and the longitudinal rib 3 are corner welds, and the horizontal girder 2 and the longitudinal rib 3 are vertical welds; S4. First weld the butt weld, then the vertical weld, and finally the corner weld; finally, protect during welding, that is: use CO2 gas shielded welding on the welding surface, and submerged arc welding on the reverse side. In this way, according to the characteristics of the thin plate, through the control of multiple links and steps, the deformation of the thin plate during the construction process is reduced to ensure the welding quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] The following is a brief description of the contents and symbols in the drawings of this specification:

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the high-strength thin plate for ships during welding according to the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the high-strength thin plate for ships during welding according to the present invention;

[0027] The marks in the attached drawings are respectively: 1, thin plate; 2, transverse girder; 3, longitudinal rib; 4, central thin plate; 5, the first thin plate at the top; 6, the second thin plate at the top; 7, the first thin plate at the bottom; 8, the second thin plate at the bottom; 9, the first thin plate on the left; 10, the second thin plate on the left; 11, the first thin plate on the right; 12, the second thin plate on the right. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following is a further detailed description of the specific implementation of the present invention, such as the shape, structure, mutual position and connection relationship between the various components involved, the function and working principle of each part, etc., through the description of the embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0029] As attached Figure 1 As shown, the present invention is a method for welding a high-strength thin plate component of a ship. The high-strength thin plate of the ship comprises a plurality of thin plate plates 1, a transverse girder 2, and a longitudinal rib 3. The transverse girder 2 and the longitudinal rib 3 form a component. The welding steps of the method for welding a high-strength thin plate component of a ship are as follows:

[0030] S1. Thin plates 1 adjacent to each other in the horizontal direction are welded side by side, and thin plates 1 adjacent to each other in the vertical direction are welded side by side; the longitudinal weld formed by the thin plates 1 adjacent to each other in the horizontal direction is welded to the longitudinal rib 3, and the transverse weld formed by the thin plates 1 adjacent to each other in the vertical direction is welded to the transverse girders 2; S2. When welding multiple thin plates 1, transverse girders 2, and longitudinal ribs 3, welding starts from the center, and then spreads symmetrically to the left, right, upper, and lower peripheries in turn; when welding each part, the transverse weld is welded first. Position, then weld the longitudinal welding position; S3. When welding multiple thin plates 1, transverse girders 2, and longitudinal ribs 3, adjacent thin plates 1 are butt welds, thin plates 1 and transverse girders 2 or thin plates 1 and longitudinal ribs 3 are angle welds, and transverse girders 2 and longitudinal ribs 3 are vertical welds; S4. First weld the butt welds, then weld the vertical welds, and finally weld the angle welds; S5. When welding multiple thin plates 1, transverse girders 2, and longitudinal ribs 3, CO2 gas shielded welding is used for the welding surface, and submerged arc welding is used for the reverse side. The above steps propose an improved technical solution to address the deficiencies in the prior art. When the structure is set, the corresponding parts of the ship are made of high-strength thin plates, and the high-strength thin plates include multiple thin plates 1, transverse girders 2, and longitudinal ribs 3. It is necessary to control the welding process of multiple thin plates 1, transverse girders 2, and longitudinal ribs 3. The improvement lies in that, firstly, the arrangement sequence and welding sequence of the plates are reasonably arranged, that is: the thin plates 1 adjacent to each other in the horizontal direction are welded side by side, and the thin plates 1 adjacent to each other in the vertical direction are welded side by side; the longitudinal welds formed by the thin plates 1 adjacent to each other in the horizontal direction are welded to the longitudinal ribs 3, and the transverse welds formed by the thin plates 1 adjacent to each other in the vertical direction are welded to the transverse girders 2, so as to realize the position arrangement and weld control of different components, and reliably connect the thin plates and components; secondly, the welding steps of different plates and components are controlled, that is: when welding multiple thin plates 1, transverse girders 2, and longitudinal ribs 3, Welding starts from the central part, and then diffuses symmetrical welding to the left, right, upper and lower peripheries in turn; when welding each part, first weld the transverse welding part, and then weld the longitudinal welding part; again, control the welding order of the welds, that is: the adjacent thin plate materials 1 are butt welds, the thin plate materials 1 and the transverse girder 2 or the thin plate materials 1 and the longitudinal rib 3 are corner welds, and the transverse girder 2 and the longitudinal rib 3 are vertical welds; S4. First weld the butt welds, then weld the vertical welds, and finally weld the corner welds; finally, protect during welding, that is: CO2 gas shielded welding is used for the welding surface, and submerged arc welding is used for the reverse side. In this way, according to the characteristics of the thin plate, the deformation of the thin plate during the construction process is reduced through the control of multiple links and steps, and the welding quality is guaranteed. In summary, the welding method of high-strength thin plate components for ships described in the present invention has simple steps, and according to the characteristics of the thin plate, the bending deformation of the thin plate during the welding process is avoided, the welding quality is improved, and the requirements of ships are met.

[0031] The thin plate 1 includes a central thin plate 4, an upper first thin plate 5, an upper second thin plate 6, a lower first thin plate 7, a lower second thin plate 8, a left first thin plate 9, a left second thin plate 10, a right first thin plate 11, and a right second thin plate 12. In the above structure, the high-strength thin plate components of the ship are welded, and the high-strength thin plate components of the ship include multiple component assemblies, and the structure of each component assembly includes multiple thin plates 1, transverse girders 2, and longitudinal ribs 3. The welding sequence needs to be controlled during the welding process of each component assembly. Therefore, the thin plate parts have the same material, size and thickness. In order to reliably control the welding sequence, the thin plate 1 is differentiated into a central thin plate 4, an upper first thin plate 5, an upper second thin plate 6, a lower first thin plate 7, a lower second thin plate 8, a left first thin plate 9, a left second thin plate 10, a right first thin plate 11, and a right second thin plate 12. In this way, on the one hand, because there are requirements for the welding sequence of different parts, on the other hand, it is convenient to mark and distinguish the thin plate 1 at different parts.

[0032] When welding multiple thin plate sheets 1, transverse girders 2, and longitudinal ribs 3, the central thin plate sheet 4 includes four pieces. After the central thin plate sheet 4 and the corresponding transverse girders 2 and longitudinal ribs 3 are welded, the left first thin plate sheet 9 and the corresponding transverse girders 2 and longitudinal ribs 3 on the left side of the central thin plate sheet 4 are welded, and then the right first thin plate sheet 11 and the corresponding transverse girders 2 and longitudinal ribs 3 on the right side of the central thin plate sheet 4 are welded, and then the left second thin plate sheet 10 and the corresponding transverse girders 2 and longitudinal ribs 3 on the left side of the central thin plate sheet 4 are welded, and then the right second thin plate sheet 12 and the corresponding transverse girders 2 and longitudinal ribs 3 on the right side of the central thin plate sheet 4 are welded, until the leftmost and rightmost thin plate sheets 1 and the corresponding transverse girders 2 and longitudinal ribs 3 of the central thin plate sheet 4 are welded. The above steps are explained by an embodiment. The central thin plate sheet 4 includes four pieces. The four central thin plate sheets 4 are welded first, and then the peripheral thin plate parts are welded with the central thin plate sheet 4 as the center. By controlling the welding sequence, the structural stress generated during the welding process can be effectively released, thereby effectively avoiding bending deformation caused by limited release of internal stress due to external force constraints, thereby ensuring structural quality.

[0033] Then weld the upper first thin plate 5 and the corresponding transverse girder 2 and longitudinal rib 3 on the upper part of the central thin plate 4, and weld the lower first thin plate 7 and the corresponding transverse girder 2 and longitudinal rib 3 on the lower part of the central thin plate 4. In the above steps, different positions need not only weld adjacent thin plates, but also need to weld corresponding transverse girder 2 and longitudinal rib 3.

[0034] Then weld the left first thin plate plate 9 on the left side of the upper first thin plate plate 5 on the upper part of the central thin plate plate 4, then weld the right first thin plate plate 11 on the right side of the upper first thin plate plate 5 on the upper part of the central thin plate plate 4, then weld the left second thin plate plate 10 on the left side of the upper first thin plate plate 5 on the upper part of the central thin plate plate 4, then weld the right second thin plate plate 12 on the right side of the upper first thin plate plate 5 on the upper part of the central thin plate plate 4, until the welding of the leftmost and rightmost thin plate plates 1 and the corresponding transverse girders 2 and longitudinal ribs 3 of the upper first thin plate plate 5 on the upper part of the central thin plate plate 4 is completed.

[0035] Then weld the left first thin plate plate 9 on the left side of the lower first thin plate plate 7 of the lower part of the central thin plate plate 4, weld the right first thin plate plate 11 on the right side of the lower first thin plate plate 7 of the lower part of the central thin plate plate 4, then weld the left second thin plate plate 10 on the left side of the lower first thin plate plate 7 of the lower part of the central thin plate plate 4, weld the right second thin plate plate 12 on the right side of the lower first thin plate plate 7 of the lower part of the central thin plate plate 4, until the leftmost and rightmost thin plate plates 1 and the corresponding transverse girders 2 and longitudinal ribs 3 of the lower first thin plate plate 7 of the lower part of the central thin plate plate 4 are completed.

[0036] The upper second thin plate 6 and the corresponding transverse girder 2 and longitudinal rib 3 of the upper part of the central thin plate 4 are welded, and then the lower second thin plate 8 and the corresponding transverse girder 2 and longitudinal rib 3 of the lower part of the central thin plate 4 are welded.

[0037] Then weld the left first thin plate plate 9 and the corresponding transverse girder 2 and longitudinal rib 3 on the left side of the upper second thin plate plate 6, then weld the right first thin plate plate 11 and the corresponding transverse girder 2 and longitudinal rib 3 on the right side of the upper second thin plate plate 6, then weld the left first thin plate plate 9 and the corresponding transverse girder 2 and longitudinal rib 3 on the left side of the lower second thin plate plate 8, then weld the upper right first thin plate plate 11 and the corresponding transverse girder 2 and longitudinal rib 3 on the right side of the lower second thin plate plate 8.

[0038] Then weld the left second thin plate plate 10 and the corresponding transverse girder 2 and longitudinal rib 3 on the left side of the upper second thin plate plate 6, then weld the right second thin plate plate 12 and the corresponding transverse girder 2 and longitudinal rib 3 on the right side of the upper second thin plate plate 6, then weld the left second thin plate plate 10 and the corresponding transverse girder 2 and longitudinal rib 3 on the left side of the lower second thin plate plate 8, then weld the right second thin plate plate 12 and the corresponding transverse girder 2 and longitudinal rib 3 on the right side of the lower second thin plate plate 8.

[0039] When using CO2 gas shielded welding, the thin plate 1 is a thin plate with a thickness of 3mm-12mm, the weld adopts single-sided multi-pass, the groove angle is 35°-60°, and the groove gap is 3mm-8mm; when using submerged arc welding, the weld adopts double-sided single-pass, and the groove gap is 0mm-2mm. The above parameter control protects the welding of the thin plate 1 and the transverse girder 2 and the longitudinal rib 3 to improve the welding quality. For longer welds, the center symmetrical welding or the step-by-step welding method should be used for welding.

[0040] The high-strength thin plate component welding method of the present invention also controls deformation through the following steps:

[0041] 1. Deformation control measures in the design stage:

[0042] 1. Starting from the causes of welding deformation, the main control in the design stage is to reduce welding thermal stress. Select reasonable plate specifications, minimize the number of welds, and arrange the weld positions reasonably; 2. The welds should be arranged symmetrically into "cross" joints as much as possible to avoid the appearance of T-joints; the wave deformation of thin plates is related to the lateral contraction of their fillet welds. Reducing the height of the weld leg can effectively reduce the angular deformation. Therefore, the minimum value of the weld leg is taken under the premise of meeting the requirements of calculation and specifications. In addition, in dry areas or when the structural anti-corrosion requirements are met, staggered intermittent welding can be appropriately used instead of double-sided continuous welding and double-sided symmetrical intermittent welding; 3. Since there are many outfitting parts in the thin plate area of ​​this boat, the following two points should be noted during the design process: ① The selection of pipes, air ducts, and cable penetrations should be small, and the wall thickness should be taken as small as possible under the premise of meeting the requirements, and the weld leg should be taken as minimum as possible under the premise of meeting the requirements; ② Outfitting parts such as pipes, air ducts, cable brackets, and decorative plate brackets cannot be directly welded on steel plates, but should be welded on internal structures as much as possible, and pads should be added in special cases. 4. In the production design stage, reducing the subsequent flame process can also effectively control deformation. However, welding deformation cannot be avoided. Therefore, in the design stage, welding compensation, allowance, milling allowance, etc. can be added according to the shipyard process conditions, structural form and installation stage to improve precision control to reduce welding deformation. For the upper built inner wall, the form of a semicircular groove can be used to replace the stiffening material to reduce the heat of electric welding and pyrotechnic correction of thin plates, ensuring that the structure is straight and beautiful.

[0043] 2. Deformation control measures during storage:

[0044] Since thin plates have low rigidity, they are more sensitive to deformation under external forces. Therefore, uneven force should be avoided during the transportation, storage, pretreatment, unloading, and parts stacking of thin plates to avoid unnecessary bending deformation. 1. Electromagnetic lifting must be used when lifting a single thin plate; 2. Plates must be stacked on a flat surface. If the surface is uneven, a thick plate must be laid on the bottom layer; 3. Mixed stacking of thick and thin plates of different specifications is strictly prohibited; 4. Pallets must be used for the transportation of parts and plates that have been unloaded and cut, and electromagnetic lifting must be used for loading and unloading single plates. The transportation, storage, and pretreatment of profiles are similar to those of thin plates. Profiles can be lifted at multiple points, and single hook lifting is strictly prohibited. Pallets are used for transportation.

[0045] 3. Deformation control in the cutting and unloading stages: After pretreatment and digital cutting of plates below 1.6 mm, plates within 3 meters in width must be leveled with a nine-core roller to release the internal stress of the plates, and then hoisted on a frame covered with steel plates to prevent the steel plates from sagging downward; 2. Whether it is manual cutting, automatic or semi-automatic cutting knives, plate cutting must use a small cutting nozzle to control the corresponding cutting speed to reduce the cutting deformation of the edges; 3. For local gaps in the plates that are out of tolerance, grinding or scraping should be used to correct them, and gas cutting should not be used to avoid "pout" deformation caused by repeated heating; 4. For profiles, cold processing (rib cold bending machine) must be used for straightening before unloading and welding, and deformation must not be brought into the next process.

[0046] Fourth, deformation control measures in the welding stage:

[0047] 1. The panels must be assembled on a special truss foundation platform. The platform should be flat and rigid. It is strictly forbidden to assemble the panels on the ground. The welding work surface should be cleaned before welding. 2. For the assembly of thin plates, the gap between the panels should be strictly controlled at 0-0.5mm, the edges of the cuts should be neat, there should be no misalignment, and the upper and lower misalignments should not be greater than 1 / 3 of the plate thickness. Arc-starting plates and arc-extinguishing plates should be installed at both ends of the butt weld panels. 3. The alignment of the plates can be done by magnet pullers or other non-welding methods. In order to ensure its straightness, iron pressure or thick steel plates can be used for rigid fixation on both sides of the weld. The distance from the weld should meet the minimum distance for walking operation of special submerged arc welding. 4. In order to reduce welding deformation, it is necessary to reduce welding heat input as much as possible, so it is necessary to use thinner welding wire, select welding parameters according to welding regulations, the welding material should match the parent material, and the welding process should be strictly implemented. After welding, you can use a wooden hammer or rubber hammer to hammer the welded plate seam. The large plate needs to be rolled on a nine-core roller to extend the weld to release welding stress and eliminate angular deformation and internal stress. 5. For thin plate panels with many openings, it is not easy to lift them or use a nine-core roller to level them. You can place the panels on a basic platform and use special tooling to roll them to eliminate stress and achieve the purpose of correcting deformation.

[0048] 5. Deformation control measures during welding stage:

[0049] 1. The quality of assembly positioning welding should meet the normal weld quality requirements. After the panel is positioned, the front and rear ends and the middle are fixed with irons, and the two sides of the plate are fixed with right-angle plates. The interval is guaranteed to be about 200mm. The entire welding process uses iron fixation to achieve linear matching to control welding deformation; 2. In order to reduce welding deformation, the tire frame plate uses a "7"-shaped card plate to pull and fix it with the tire frame; when the card plate is pulled against, it should be added according to the actual situation of the segment. It is strictly forbidden to use ear plates to weld directly with the tire frame plate and the tire frame; 3. The size, shape and quantity of components and profiles should be checked according to the drawings. Deformed or twisted profiles should be repaired or replaced It can only be installed, and forced assembly is strictly prohibited; so as not to cause deformation of the entire plate frame and make it impossible to correct it; 4. When installing components, positioning should be carried out from the middle to the surroundings, and the longitudinal components should be installed first. It is strictly prohibited to use the "gantry" on the plate frame for forced welding. Make full use of tooling parts to install components and outfitting parts; 5. The welding of all components and plate seams should not exceed the requirements in the welding specification table. Controlling the height of the weld leg is one of the effective measures to control the deformation of the plate frame; 6. For components with large areas and long stiffeners, the segmented back-welding method should be adopted. The welding should be carried out from the center to the front and back, left and right, and around the center The skip welding method should not be concentrated in one area; at the same time, an even number of welders should be used for symmetrical welding, and the number of welders should not exceed 6 people; 7. In order to control welding deformation, the welds with large shrinkage should be welded first, and the welds with small shrinkage should be welded later; the prescribed welding sequence should be strictly followed during welding, that is, the welding should be carried out in the order of from the middle to the surroundings, first butt joint and then corner joint, first vertical corner welding and then flat corner welding; 8. After the assembly and welding of the flat plate frame is completed, the back-baking method is used for the structural position, from the center to the surroundings, and the reverse structural imprint is heated in a linear manner to eliminate stress. The heating temperature is about 450° and air cooling is used; 9. The cutting of the edge should be Automatic or semi-automatic cutting knives should be used as much as possible. Parts that cannot be cut mechanically can be cut manually, but cutting based on the template should be used to avoid repeated heating deformation caused by repeated cutting. Small cutting nozzles should be used for all cutting nozzles; 10. In order to ensure the straightness of the edge of the plane assembly and avoid deformation during turning over and lifting, binding materials should be installed after the edge is corrected. Without affecting the subsequent processes, the binding materials can be brought into the closing and major closing stages of the sections or slipway; 11. After the pyrotechnics are completed and meet the requirements, for larger enclosure panels, a reinforcing material needs to be installed horizontally at the free end of the non-component surface of the enclosure 400mm away from the lower edge. The reinforcing material must have sufficient strength and rigidity. Depending on the situation, a temporary reinforcement material can be added in the middle to prevent deformation during lifting and welding, and the temporary reinforcement material in the middle can be removed after welding. 12. To prevent deformation after welding of doors, windows and other openings on the wall frame, necessary reinforcement should be made around the openings. 13. The base of the segmented tire frame must have sufficient rigidity and fixed measures must be taken. The tire frame must not be in a free state. The spacing between the longitudinal and transverse formwork should be ≤1000mm; the height of the longitudinal and transverse formwork should be ≥100mm, but the thickness must be ≥10mm to ensure that the segmented tire frame plate does not deform.

[0050] 6. Deformation control measures during hot working process:

[0051] 1. To correct the undulating deformation of the plate frame, the back of the frame on both sides of the concave surface should be heated first. When it is not completely leveled, the back of the convex frame should be corrected by long strips or other forms of heating. 2. To correct the concave and convex deformation in the same plate grid, first use single or double line heating on the back of the frame, and the temperature should not be too high; then use long strips, short strips, medium short straight or cross heating at the junction of the concave and convex deformation for correction (strip heating is faster and more efficient than point heating, but point correction can easily make the plate stiff; it is not recommended 3. To correct the instability and deformation of the edge of the plate frame, first use the long strip heating method to correct the undulating wave deformation and "thin horse" deformation of a section of the skeleton close to the deformation site, and then use the triangle heating method to correct the instability and deformation of the free edge of the plate frame; 4. To correct the folding deformation of the joint of the panel, first use the short strip heating method to correct the longitudinal bending, and then use the long strip heating method to heat on both sides of the weld to correct the folding deformation; 5. In order to avoid the overall deformation of the three-dimensional segment caused by the local heating surface, the correction operation should be carried out from bottom to top. When correcting the deformation of several adjacent and parallel panels, correction should be made one panel at a time. In this way, the deformation deflection in the interval panel will be reduced due to the contraction of the adjacent panel, which is conducive to accelerating the correction. 6. When correcting two adjacent structures with different rigidity, the structure with greater rigidity should be corrected first. When correcting a plate-frame structure, the deformation of the frame should be corrected first, and then the deformation of the plate. 7. When correcting a plate-frame structure with openings or free edges, the deformation of the plate frame should be corrected first, and then the deformation of the openings and free edges.

[0052] 7. Deformation control measures during turning over and transportation

[0053] 1. When lifting and turning over the thin plate and components after cutting, electromagnetic lifting, multi-point lifting, special lifting beams and lifting clamps should be used. It is not allowed to install and weld lifting codes on the plates, and single-point lifting is performed to avoid unnecessary bending and deformation of the plates and components. At the same time, it is also to reduce unnecessary useless processes such as unnecessary "code plate" welding, removal and batch grinding; 2. After all wall panels and decks are prefabricated, they should be placed on special "door"-shaped flat brackets for transportation to prevent deformation caused by transportation and extrusion; 3. The lifting ring must be used for the lifting and turning over of wall panels with a length of more than 4m. The lifting ring should be installed on the strong rib supporting wall material, and the profile can also be lengthened to make a lifting ring during production design; 4. In order to reduce the number of turning over of the surrounding wall panels and reduce deformation, the surrounding wall is spliced ​​with the non-structural surface as the panel surface. After the single-sided automatic welding is completed, it is turned over to the structural surface for welding, and then the structure is marked. The welding shrinkage compensation is appropriately placed at the weld position. After the component assembly and welding, the deformation of the wall panel is checked, and pyrotechnic correction is performed if necessary. 5. For large thin plate sheets or segments, the overall structure is weak and it is very easy to deform during the turning process. In order to avoid deformation of the thin plate segments during the turning process, it is necessary to design special turning tooling. The turning steps of large thin plate sheets / segments are as follows: fix the thin plate segment to be turned over on the turning platform; connect the lifting cable of the lifting equipment to the end of the turning platform away from the connecting seat; control the lifting equipment to lift the turning platform and flip it with the connecting seat as the center, so that the thin plate segment contacts the ground; remove the turning platform from the thin plate segment.

[0054] 8. Deformation control measures during loading and closing stages

[0055] 1. Before closing, it is strictly forbidden to remove the binding materials of the deck section and the air duct wall plate at the closing mouth, so as to avoid deformation of the edges during turning over and lifting. The remaining binding materials can only be removed after the closing welds and structural welding are completed; 2. The closing mouth margin and bevel trimming are cut by rail plasma cutting machine. For those that cannot be cut by rail, template cutting must be used; 3. The assembly horse plate of the outer plate closing seam is not allowed to be welded on the outer surface; 4. For structural assembly, cold processing methods such as top, pull and press should be used as much as possible. Temporary reinforcement can only be removed after the closing seam and structural welding are completed; 5. Use single pier multi-point distributed shelving to evenly bear the force to prevent deformation of the shelving caused by uneven ground; 6. The hoisting is in accordance with the full width and multi-layer, making full use of its own structural form frame, and partially supplemented with φ150mm round tube reinforcement, in conjunction with a distributed multi-hanging point solution.

[0056] The method for welding high-strength thin plate components of a ship described in the present invention is that when the structure is set up, the corresponding components of the ship are made of high-strength thin plates, and the high-strength thin plates include multiple thin plate panels 1, transverse girders 2, and longitudinal ribs 3. It is necessary to control the welding process of the multiple thin plate panels 1, transverse girders 2, and longitudinal ribs 3. The improvement lies in that, firstly, the arrangement order and welding order of the plates are reasonably arranged, that is: the thin plate panels 1 adjacent to each other in the horizontal direction are welded left and right, and the thin plate panels 1 adjacent to each other up and down are welded up and down; the longitudinal ribs 3 are welded to the longitudinal weld parts formed by the left and right welding of the thin plate panels 1 adjacent to each other in the horizontal direction, and the transverse girders 2 are welded to the transverse weld parts formed by the up and down welding of the thin plate panels 1 adjacent to each other, so as to realize the position arrangement and weld control of different components, and the thin plate panels and components are reliably connected; secondly, the welding steps of different plates and components are controlled, that is: when welding multiple thin plate panels 1, transverse girders 2, and longitudinal ribs 3, , start welding from the center, and then spread symmetrical welding to the left, right, upper, and lower peripheries in turn; when welding each part, first weld the horizontal welding part, then weld the longitudinal welding part; again, control the welding sequence, that is: the adjacent thin plate 1 is a butt weld, the thin plate 1 and the horizontal girder 2 or the thin plate 1 and the longitudinal rib 3 are angle welds, and the horizontal girder 2 and the longitudinal rib 3 are vertical welds; S4. First weld the butt weld, then weld the vertical weld, and finally weld the angle weld; finally, protect during welding, that is: use CO2 gas shielded welding on the welding surface and submerged arc welding on the reverse side. In this way, according to the characteristics of the thin plate, through the control of multiple links and steps, the deformation of the thin plate during the construction process is reduced to ensure the welding quality.

[0057] The present invention is described above by way of example in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It is obvious that the specific implementation of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned method. As long as various improvements are made using the method concept and technical solution of the present invention, or the concept and technical solution of the present invention are directly applied to other occasions without improvement, they are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for welding high-strength thin plate components of a ship, characterized in that: The ship high-strength thin plate comprises a plurality of thin plate plates (1), transverse girders (2), and longitudinal ribs (3). The welding steps of the ship high-strength thin plate component welding method are as follows: S1. The thin plates (1) adjacent to each other in transverse direction are welded side by side, and the thin plates (1) adjacent to each other in vertical direction are welded side by side; the longitudinal ribs (3) are welded to the longitudinal welds formed by the thin plates (1) adjacent to each other in transverse direction, and the transverse girders (2) are welded to the transverse welds formed by the thin plates (1) adjacent to each other in vertical direction; S2. When welding multiple thin plates (1), transverse girders (2), and longitudinal ribs (3), welding is started from the center, and then symmetrically welded to the left, right, upper, and lower peripheries in sequence; when welding each part, the transverse welding part is welded first, and then the longitudinal welding part; S3. When welding a plurality of thin plates (1), transverse girders (2), and longitudinal ribs (3), adjacent thin plates (1) are butt welded, the thin plates (1) and transverse girders (2) or the thin plates (1) and longitudinal ribs (3) are angle welded, and the transverse girders (2) and longitudinal ribs (3) are vertical welded; S4. Weld the butt weld first, then the vertical weld, and finally the fillet weld; S5. When welding multiple thin plates (1), transverse girders (2), and longitudinal ribs (3), CO2 gas shielded welding is used on the welding surface and submerged arc welding is used on the reverse side; The thin plate (1) comprises a central thin plate (4), an upper first thin plate (5), an upper second thin plate (6), a lower first thin plate (7), a lower second thin plate (8), a left first thin plate (9), a left second thin plate (10), a right first thin plate (11), and a right second thin plate (12); When welding a plurality of thin plate plates (1), transverse girders (2), and longitudinal ribs (3), the central thin plate plate (4) includes four plates. After the central thin plate plate (4) and the corresponding transverse girders (2) and longitudinal ribs (3) are welded, the left first thin plate plate (9) and the corresponding transverse girders (2) and longitudinal ribs (3) on the left side of the central thin plate plate (4) are welded, and then the right first thin plate plate (11) and the corresponding transverse girders (2) and longitudinal ribs (3) on the right side of the central thin plate plate (4) are welded, and then the left second thin plate plate (10) and the corresponding transverse girders (2) and longitudinal ribs (3) on the left side of the central thin plate plate (4) are welded, and then the right second thin plate plate (12) and the corresponding transverse girders (2) and longitudinal ribs (3) on the right side of the central thin plate plate (4) are welded, until the leftmost and rightmost thin plate plates (1) and the corresponding transverse girders (2) and longitudinal ribs (3) of the central thin plate plate (4) are welded; Then, the upper first thin plate (5) and the corresponding transverse girder (2) and longitudinal rib (3) are welded to the upper part of the central thin plate (4), and the lower first thin plate (7) and the corresponding transverse girder (2) and longitudinal rib (3) are welded to the lower part of the central thin plate (4); Then weld the left first thin plate (9) on the left side of the upper first thin plate (5) on the upper part of the central thin plate (4), then weld the right first thin plate (11) on the right side of the upper first thin plate (5) on the upper part of the central thin plate (4), then weld the left second thin plate (10) on the left side of the upper first thin plate (5) on the upper part of the central thin plate (4), and then weld the right second thin plate (12) on the right side of the upper first thin plate (5) on the upper part of the central thin plate (4), until the leftmost and rightmost thin plates (1) on the upper first thin plate (5) on the upper part of the central thin plate (4) and the corresponding transverse girders (2) and longitudinal ribs (3) are welded; Then weld the left first thin plate (9) on the left side of the lower first thin plate (7) at the lower part of the central thin plate (4), weld the right first thin plate (11) on the right side of the lower first thin plate (7) at the lower part of the central thin plate (4), then weld the left second thin plate (10) on the left side of the lower first thin plate (7) at the lower part of the central thin plate (4), weld the right second thin plate (12) on the right side of the lower first thin plate (7) at the lower part of the central thin plate (4), until the leftmost and rightmost thin plates (1) at the lower first thin plate (7) at the lower part of the central thin plate (4) and the corresponding transverse girders (2) and longitudinal ribs (3) are completed; Welding the upper second thin plate (6) and the corresponding transverse girder (2) and longitudinal rib (3) on the upper part of the central thin plate (4), and then welding the lower second thin plate (8) and the corresponding transverse girder (2) and longitudinal rib (3) on the lower part of the central thin plate (4); Then, the left first thin plate (9) and the corresponding transverse girder (2) and longitudinal rib (3) are welded to the left side of the upper second thin plate (6), and the right first thin plate (11) and the corresponding transverse girder (2) and longitudinal rib (3) are welded to the right side of the upper second thin plate (6), and the left first thin plate (9) and the corresponding transverse girder (2) and longitudinal rib (3) are welded to the left side of the lower second thin plate (8), and the right first thin plate (11) and the corresponding transverse girder (2) and longitudinal rib (3) are welded to the right side of the lower second thin plate (8); Then, the left second thin plate (10) and the corresponding transverse girder (2) and longitudinal rib (3) on the left side of the upper second thin plate (6) are welded, and then the right second thin plate (12) and the corresponding transverse girder (2) and longitudinal rib (3) on the right side of the upper second thin plate (6) are welded, and then the left second thin plate (10) and the corresponding transverse girder (2) and longitudinal rib (3) on the left side of the lower second thin plate (8) are welded, and then the right second thin plate (12) and the corresponding transverse girder (2) and longitudinal rib (3) on the right side of the lower second thin plate (8) are welded.

2. The method for welding high-strength thin plate components for ships according to claim 1, characterized in that: When CO2 gas shielded welding is used, the thin plate (1) is a thin plate with a thickness of 3 mm to 12 mm, the weld adopts single-sided multi-pass, the groove angle is 35° to 60°, and the groove gap is 3 mm to 8 mm; when submerged arc welding is used, the weld adopts double-sided single-pass, and the groove gap is 0 mm to 2 mm.

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