Laser-electric arc hybrid welding method for tube plate

Abstract

The invention discloses a laser and electric arc hybrid welding method for a tube plate. A tube hole is formed in the tube plate; comprising the following steps that S1, a groove with an annular stress groove is machined in a tube plate at a tube hole through a groove machining assembly; s2, cleaning the groove; s3, the heat exchange tube to be welded is inserted into the tube hole, and the welding end of the heat exchange tube extends out of the tube plate; s4, a multi-energy welding assembly is used for welding the tube plate and the heat exchange tube at the groove; the stress groove is formed in the tube plate on the outer edge of the groove; the groove is machined in the tube plate, the stress groove is machined in the portion, on the outer edge of the groove, of the tube plate, and deformation caused by restraining stress in the welding process can be relieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to a tube sheet welding, and in particular to a tube sheet laser arc hybrid welding method. Background Art

[0002] The tube sheet is a circular steel plate with several holes slightly larger than the heat exchange tubes drilled in it. The heat exchange tubes are inserted into the holes to the designated position, and the two are connected together by expansion or welding. The tube sheet structure is the basic component of the common two-circuit system in the heat exchanger industry. At present, the connection between the tube sheet and the heat exchange tube is normally welding, and arc wire welding is the most common. This welding method, whether manual or automatic, often causes defects such as unfusion, hump and weld nodules due to the poor stability and large spatter of arc welding. The alloy elements in the welding wire are also often unevenly distributed in the weld, resulting in poor mechanical properties of the weld. Moreover, the weld is stressed at the root of the heat exchange tube, which is easy to cause weld cracking. In addition, due to the rapid thermal expansion and contraction during tube sheet welding, a very large restraint stress is caused, causing serious deformation of the tube sheet and the heat exchange tube. The emergence of these problems may cause leakage of the medium, affecting the production and product quality, or even cause explosion accidents, causing significant losses to personnel and property. In view of this, how to improve the quality of tube sheet welding has become a highly concerned issue in the heat exchanger industry. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of this section is to summarize some aspects of embodiments of the present invention and briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. Some simplifications or omissions may be made in this section and the specification abstract and the invention title of this application to avoid blurring the purpose of this section, the specification abstract and the invention title, and such simplifications or omissions cannot be used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0004] In view of the above and / or existing problems in welding tube sheets and heat exchange tubes, the present invention is proposed.

[0005] Therefore, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a tube sheet laser arc hybrid welding method. The present invention processes a groove on the tube sheet, and a stress groove is processed on the tube sheet at the outer edge of the groove, which can alleviate the deformation caused by the restraint stress during welding.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a tube sheet laser arc hybrid welding method, wherein a tube hole is opened on the tube sheet; comprising the following steps: S1 uses a groove processing assembly to process a groove with an annular stress groove on the tube sheet at the tube hole; S2 cleaning groove; S3 inserts the heat exchange tube to be welded into the tube hole so that the welding end of the heat exchange tube extends out of the tube sheet; S4 uses a multi-energy welding assembly to weld the tube sheet and heat exchange tube at the groove; The stress groove is opened on the tube sheet at the outer edge of the upper end of the groove. The groove is at the upper end of the tube hole, and the outer diameter of the groove gradually increases from bottom to top.

[0007] As a preferred solution of the tube plate laser arc hybrid welding method of the present invention, the groove processing assembly includes a groove processing frame, a positioning rod is fixedly connected to the groove processing frame, a processing cylinder is rotatably connected to the positioning rod, and the lower end of the processing cylinder is a cutter head with the same shape as the groove.

[0008] As a preferred solution of the tube plate laser arc hybrid welding method of the present invention, wherein: a positioning part is fixed on the positioning rod below the cutter head, a plurality of positioning countersunk holes are arranged on the positioning part, the positioning part is connected with a positioning cylinder via the positioning countersunk holes, a positioning hole is opened at the center of the positioning cylinder, one end of the positioning hole close to the outer edge of the tube hole is connected with a ball that can just roll in the positioning hole, the positioning cylinder is threadedly connected with a stop plate via the positioning hole, a spring is connected between the stop plate and the steel ball, and the ball can contact the tube plate at the outer edge of the tube hole under the action of the spring.

[0009] As a preferred solution of the tube-sheet laser arc hybrid welding method of the present invention, a positioning step is fixed on the positioning cylinder on the side of the positioning hole relative to the outer edge of the tube hole to prevent the ball from rolling out of the positioning cylinder.

[0010] As a preferred solution of the tube plate laser arc hybrid welding method of the present invention, wherein: a processing motor is fixedly connected to the upper end of the processing frame, an output shaft is connected to the processing motor, a driving gear is connected to the output shaft, and a driven gear meshing with the driving gear is fixed to the upper end of the processing cylinder.

[0011] As a preferred solution of the tube-sheet laser arc hybrid welding method of the present invention, wherein: S1 is specifically, The groove processing assembly is driven by an external driving device to move the positioning part into the pipe hole. Under the action of the ball and the spring, the positioning rod is automatically positioned at the center of the pipe hole, the processing motor is controlled to move, the processing cylinder rotates, and the external driving device causes the groove processing assembly to drill downward until the cutter head processes a groove with a stress groove on the tube plate. The external driving device pulls out the groove processing assembly, the positioning rod leaves the pipe hole, and prepares for the processing of the groove at the next pipe hole.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the laser arc hybrid welding method for tube plates in the present invention, the multi-energy welding assembly includes a welding cylinder with an upward opening, a connecting ring is fixedly connected to the welding cylinder, a jet sleeve with an annular hollow cavity is connected to the lower end of the connecting ring, a jet nozzle is connected to the outer periphery of the jet sleeve, the jet nozzle is used to connect an external gas source to the closed hollow cavity, and a plurality of exhaust holes connected to the hollow cavity are arranged on the lower side of the jet sleeve, a welding wire cantilever and an arc welding cantilever are connected to the connecting ring, the welding wire cantilever is connected to a wire guide for feeding and releasing welding wire via a first universal joint, the arc welding cantilever is connected to a welding gun via a second universal joint, and the welding gun head of the welding gun can be aligned with the welding wire fed by the wire guide.

[0013] As a preferred solution of the tube plate laser arc hybrid welding method of the present invention, wherein: a bracket is fixedly connected in the opening of the welding cylinder, a spherical connecting through hole is opened on the bracket, the bracket is rotatably connected to a lens frame through the connecting through hole, and a focusing lens is connected to the center of the lens frame.

[0014] As a preferred solution of the laser arc hybrid welding method for tube plates in the present invention, wherein: a rotating hole is opened on the bracket at one end of the connecting through hole in the radial direction, and a swing rod is fixedly connected to the end of the lens holder extending into the rotating hole, and a mounting hole is opened on the bracket at one end of the rotating hole away from the connecting through hole, and a welding motor is fixedly connected to the bracket on the upper side of the mounting hole, and a transmission shaft extending downward into the mounting hole is connected to the welding motor, and a driving bevel gear is connected to the transmission shaft, and a driven bevel gear cooperating with the driving bevel gear is rotatably connected to the bracket, and an eccentric rod is connected between the driven bevel gear and the swing rod, and the eccentric rod is arranged to deviate from the center of the driven bevel gear and the center of the swing rod.

[0015] As a preferred solution of the tube-sheet laser arc hybrid welding method of the present invention, wherein: S4 specifically comprises the following steps: The external device emits a laser beam, and the focus point of the laser beam is adjusted so that the focus point of the laser beam is 3 to 4 mm below the lower side of the groove; Adjust the position of the arc welding cantilever to the normal direction of the groove track, and fix the arc welding cantilever; Adjust the position of the welding wire cantilever to the front of the running track of the multi-energy welding assembly, fix the welding wire cantilever, and make the arc welding cantilever and the welding wire cantilever form a 90° angle; Adjust the position of the arc welding gun by means of the second universal joint so that the arc action position of the welding gun head on the arc welding gun is aligned with the groove; Then adjust the wire guide position through the first universal joint so that the melting position of the welding wire coincides with the arc action position of the welding gun head; The welding gun is controlled to be turned on, and the electrode of the welding gun head emits an arc to melt the welding wire in the groove. At the same time, under the action of the electric arc, a molten pool is formed at the groove. At this time, the laser is turned on, and the laser beam is transmitted to the focusing lens through the optical fiber, and then focused on the molten pool by the focusing lens. The welding motor is controlled to be turned on, and the swing rod rotates to make the lens frame and the focusing lens swing; When the multi-energy welding assembly finishes moving along the set trajectory, the tube sheet is welded to the heat exchange tube through the groove.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects: when a multi-energy welding assembly is used to weld a tube sheet, the laser beam and the electric arc act together on the same molten pool, so that the laser beam swings in an "∞" shape in the molten pool. By utilizing the large melting depth of the laser, the molten pool is fully stirred to make the alloy elements in the molten pool evenly distributed, while spatter can be suppressed, and the cooling time of the molten pool is effectively extended, effectively avoiding the appearance of pores in the weld, effectively suppressing the appearance of humps and weld nodules, and also having a certain heat treatment effect on the weld, effectively reducing the residual stress in the weld, and improving the tube sheet welding quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative labor. Among them: Figure 1 This is a diagram of the internal structure of the tube sheet in the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 It is a diagram of the internal structure of the groove processing assembly in the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A partial enlarged view of point A in the middle.

[0020] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the installation of the tube sheet and the heat exchange tubes in the present invention.

[0021] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the multi-energy welding assembly in the present invention.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a diagram of the internal structure of the multi-energy welding assembly of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 7 for Figure 6 A partial enlarged view of point B in the middle.

[0024] Figure 8Schematic diagram of the movement of the multi-energy welding assembly in the present invention (the direction indicated by the arrow is the direction of movement).

[0025] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure after the tube sheet and heat exchange tube are welded.

[0026] In the figure, 100 tube sheet, 101 tube hole, 102 groove, 103 stress groove, 200 groove processing assembly, 201 support bearing, 202 driving gear, 203 output shaft, 204 processing motor, 205 positioning rod, 205a positioning part, 205a-1 positioning countersunk hole, 206 processing frame, 207 processing cylinder, 207a driven gear, 207b cutter head, 208 ball, 209 positioning cylinder, 209a positioning step, 209b positioning hole, 210 nut, 211 spring, 212 stop plate, 300 heat exchange tube, 400 multi-energy welding assembly, 401 jet sleeve, 401a hollow cavity, 401b exhaust hole, 402 wire guide, 402a welding wire, 403 first universal joint, 404 welding wire cantilever, 405 connecting ring, 405a connecting hole, 405b connecting countersunk groove, 406 welding cylinder, 407 second universal joint, 408 arc welding cantilever, 409 welding gun, 409a welding gun head, 410 air nozzle, 411 connecting bolt, 412 bracket, 412a positioning countersunk hole, 412b connecting through hole, 413 focusing lens, 414 eccentric rod, 415 driven bevel gear, 416 driving bevel gear, 417 transmission shaft, 418 welding motor, 419 lens holder, 500 running track, 600 welding seam, 700 laser beam. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0028] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art may make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0029] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The term "in one embodiment" that appears in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it refer to a separate or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0030] Example 1 Reference Figure 1 to Figure 4 and Fig. 9This embodiment provides a tube sheet laser arc hybrid welding method, which can process a groove 102 with a stress groove 103 on the tube sheet 100 to reduce the stress deformation during the subsequent welding of the tube sheet 100 and the heat exchange tube 300.

[0031] A tube sheet laser arc hybrid welding method, S1 uses a groove processing assembly 200 to process a groove 102 with an annular stress groove 103 on a tube sheet 100 at a tube hole 101; S2 cleaning groove 102; S3 inserts the heat exchange tube 300 to be welded into the tube hole 101, so that the welding end of the heat exchange tube 300 extends out of the tube sheet 100, and the distance of extending out of the tube sheet 100 is set according to actual needs; S4 uses a multi-energy welding assembly 400 to weld the tube sheet 100 and the heat exchange tube 300 at the groove 102; The stress groove 103 is formed on the tube sheet 100 at the outer edge of the upper end of the groove 102. The groove 102 is at the upper end of the tube hole 101. The outer diameter of the groove 102 increases gradually from bottom to top.

[0032] Specifically, the groove processing assembly 200 includes a groove 102 processing frame 206, a positioning rod 205 is fixedly connected to the groove 102 processing frame 206, and at least two support bearings 201 arranged at intervals in the height direction are connected to the positioning rod 205, and a processing cylinder 207 is rotatably connected to the positioning rod 205 outside the positioning rod 205, and the processing cylinder 207 is rotatably connected to the positioning rod 205 through the support bearing 201, and the lower end of the processing cylinder 207 is a cutter head 207b with the same shape as the groove 102, and a positioning portion 205a is fixed on the positioning rod 205 below the cutter head 207b, and the outer diameter of the positioning portion 205a is smaller than the diameter of the pipe hole 101, and a plurality of positioning countersunk holes 412a205 are arranged on the positioning portion 205a. a-1, the positioning portion 205a is threadedly connected to the positioning cylinder 209 through the positioning countersunk hole 412a205a-1, a positioning hole 209b is opened in the center of the positioning cylinder 209, and the end of the positioning hole 209b close to the outer edge of the tube hole 101 is connected to the ball 208 that can just roll in the positioning hole 209b, the positioning cylinder 209 is threadedly connected to the stop plate 212 through the positioning hole 209b, and a spring 211 is connected between the stop plate 212 and the steel ball. Under the action of the spring 211, the ball 208 can be pressed against the tube plate 100 at the outer edge of the tube hole 101, and a positioning step 209a is fixed on the positioning cylinder 209 on the side of the positioning hole 209b opposite to the outer edge of the tube hole 101 to prevent the ball 208 from rolling out of the positioning cylinder 209.

[0033] The specific steps of installing the ball 208, the positioning cylinder 209 and the spring 211 onto the positioning portion 205a are as follows: first, place the ball 208 into the positioning cylinder 209 through the positioning hole 209b, then place the spring 211, screw the stop plate 212 into the positioning cylinder 209, compress the spring 211, and abut against the ball 208. Under the action of the spring 211, the ball 208 presses against the positioning step 209a, and the outer edge of the ball 208 is outside the positioning portion 205a. Use the nut 210 to fasten the positioning cylinder 209 to the positioning portion 205a, and the nut 210 abuts against the outer edge of the positioning portion 205a.

[0034] In order to further realize the processing of the groove 102 at the upper position of the pipe hole 101, a processing motor 204 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the processing frame 206, an output shaft 203 is connected to the processing motor 204, a driving gear 202 is connected to the output shaft 203, and a driven gear 207a meshing with the driving gear 202 is fixed to the upper end of the processing cylinder 207.

[0035] When the processing motor 204 is in operation, the output shaft 203 rotates, the output shaft 203 drives the driving gear 202 to rotate, the driving gear 202 drives the processing cylinder 207 to rotate through the driven gear 207a, so that the cutter head 207b rotates, and when the groove processing assembly 200 moves down, that is, rotates in, the tube plate 100 at the upper end of the tube hole 101 is cut until the groove 102 processing is completed, and the processing motor 204 stops.

[0036] Step S1 specifically comprises: The groove processing assembly 200 is driven by an external driving device to move, so that the positioning part 205a is inserted into the pipe hole 101. Under the action of the ball 208 and the spring 211, the positioning rod 205 is automatically positioned at the center of the pipe hole 101, the processing motor 204 is controlled to move, the processing cylinder 207 rotates, and the external driving device causes the groove processing assembly 200 to drill downward until the cutter head 207b processes the groove 102 with the stress groove 103 on the tube plate 100. The processing motor 204 stops, the external driving device pulls out the groove processing assembly 200, and the positioning rod 205 leaves the pipe hole 101 to prepare for the processing of the groove 102 at the next pipe hole 101.

[0037] Example 2 Reference Figures 5 to 9 This embodiment is based on Embodiment 1, and differs from Embodiment 1 in that this embodiment provides a tube sheet laser arc hybrid welding method, which can further improve the welding quality between the tube sheet 100 and the heat exchange tube 300.

[0038] Specifically, the multi-energy welding assembly 400 includes a welding cylinder 406 with an upward opening, a connecting ring 405 is fixedly connected to the welding cylinder 406, and a jet sleeve 401 with an annular hollow cavity 401a is connected to the lower end of the connecting ring 405. The center of the jet sleeve 401 has a through hole, and the outer periphery of the jet sleeve 401 is connected to a jet nozzle 410, and the jet nozzle 410 is used to connect an external gas source to the closed hollow cavity 401a. A plurality of exhaust holes 401b connected to the hollow cavity 401a are arranged on the lower side of the jet sleeve 401, and the axial direction of the exhaust hole 401b points to the direction of the focal point of the laser beam 700. The connecting ring 405 is connected to the welding wire cantilever 404 and the arc welding cantilever 408, and the upward end of the connecting ring 405 has a connecting sink 405b, and the welding wire cantilever The upper part of the arm 404 and the upper part of the arc welding cantilever 408 can be respectively inserted downward into the connecting groove 405b, and a plurality of connecting holes 405a are provided on the connecting ring 405 at the lower side of the connecting groove 405b. The welding wire cantilever 404 inserted into the connecting groove 405b and the downward end of the arc welding cantilever 408 are both provided with connecting holes that can be coaxial with the connecting hole 405a. The welding wire cantilever 404 is connected to a wire guide 402 for delivering welding wire 402a via a first universal joint 403, and the arc welding cantilever 408 is connected to a welding gun 409 via a second universal joint 407. The welding gun head 409a of the welding gun 409 can be aligned with the welding wire 402a delivered by the wire guide 402. The wire guide 402 and the welding gun 409 are both prior arts, and how to feed the wire and weld will not be elaborated, and are not the improvement points of the present application.

[0039] The external gas source is connected to the air nozzle 410 through a pipeline. During welding, the external gas source provides inert gas to the air nozzle 410 through the pipeline. The inert gas can be CO2 or Ar. The inert gas is discharged downward through the exhaust hole 401b toward the focus of the laser beam 700 to ensure that there is always protective gas in the welding area.

[0040] Specifically, a bracket 412 is fixedly connected in the opening of the welding cylinder 406, and a spherical connecting through hole 412b is opened on the bracket 412. The bracket 412 is just rotatably connected to the lens frame 419 through the connecting through hole 412b. A through hole is opened in the center of the lens frame 419, and a focusing lens 413 is fixedly connected to the through hole of the lens frame 419. A rotating hole is opened on the bracket 412 at one end in the radial direction of the connecting through hole 412b, and a swing rod is fixedly connected to the end of the lens frame 419 extending into the rotating hole. A mounting hole is opened on the bracket 412 at the end of the rotating hole away from the connecting through hole 412b, and the upper side of the mounting hole A welding motor 418 is fixedly connected to the bracket 412, and a transmission shaft 417 extending downward into the mounting hole is connected to the welding motor 418, and a driving bevel gear 416 is connected to the transmission shaft 417. A driven bevel gear 415 cooperating with the driving bevel gear 416 is rotatably connected to the bracket 412, and an eccentric rod 414 is connected between the driven bevel gear 415 and the swing rod, and the eccentric rod 414 is set away from the center of the driven bevel gear 415 and the center of the swing rod; a light-transmitting glass is connected to the welding cylinder 406 below the bracket 412, and the through hole covers the light-transmitting glass, and the light-transmitting glass has a splash-proof effect.

[0041] The external device is connected to the welding cylinder 406, and the external device drives the welding cylinder 406 to move, and also provides the laser beam 700 to the focusing lens 413. The external device is a prior art, such as a mechanical arm, etc., which is not an improvement of the present invention. Before welding, the running track 500 of the external device is set according to the predetermined track of the weld 600, so that the running track 500 meets the needs of the groove 102 welding.

[0042] Step S4 specifically includes the following steps: The external device emits a laser beam 700, and the focus point of the laser beam 700 is adjusted by the external device so that the focus point of the laser beam 700 is 3 to 4 mm below the lower side of the groove 102; Adjust the position of the arc welding cantilever 408 to the normal direction of the groove 102 trajectory, and use the connecting bolt 411 to screw into the corresponding connecting hole 405a and the connecting countersunk hole to fix the arc welding cantilever 408 on the connecting ring 405; Adjust the position of the welding wire cantilever 404 to the front of the running track 500 of the multi-energy welding assembly 400, use the connecting bolt 411 to screw into the corresponding connecting hole 405a and the connecting countersunk hole, fix the welding wire cantilever 404 on the connecting ring 405, and the arc welding cantilever 408 forms a 90° angle with the welding wire cantilever 404; Adjust the position of the arc welding gun 409 by using the second universal joint 407, so that the arc action position of the welding gun head 409a on the arc welding gun 409 is aligned with the groove 102, and fix the second universal joint 407 and the arc welding gun 409; Then, the position of the wire guide 402 is adjusted through the first universal joint 403 so that the melting position of the welding wire 402a coincides with the arc action position of the welding gun head 409a, and the first universal joint 403 and the wire guide 402 are fixed; The welding gun 409 is controlled to be turned on, and the electrode of the welding gun head 409a is arced to melt the welding wire 402a in the groove 102. At the same time, under the action of the electric arc, a molten pool is formed at the groove 102. At this time, the laser is turned on, and the laser beam 700 is transmitted to the focusing lens 413 through the optical fiber, and then focused on the molten pool by the focusing lens 413. The welding motor 418 is controlled to be turned on, and the swing rod rotates to make the lens frame 419 and the focusing lens 413 swing; When the multi-energy welding assembly 400 finishes moving along the set trajectory, the tube sheet 100 is welded to the heat exchange tube 300 through the groove 102 (eg Fig. 9 as shown).

[0043] The first universal joint 403 and the second universal joint 407 are both prior art. There is no need to elaborate on how to fix or adjust the angle with the wire guide 402 or the welding gun 409, which is not an improvement point of the present invention.

[0044] When the tube sheet 100 is welded using the multi-energy welding assembly 400, the laser beam 700 and the electric arc act together on the same molten pool, causing the laser beam 700 to swing in an "∞" shape in the molten pool. By utilizing the large melting depth of the laser, the molten pool is fully stirred to make the alloy elements in the molten pool evenly distributed, while spatter can be suppressed and the cooling time of the molten pool can be effectively extended, effectively avoiding the appearance of pores in the weld 600, effectively suppressing the appearance of humps and weld nodules, and also having a certain heat treatment effect on the weld 600, effectively reducing the residual stress in the weld 600, and improving the welding quality of the tube sheet 100.

[0045] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should all be included in the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tube sheet laser arc hybrid welding method, characterized in that: The tube plate (100) is provided with tube holes (101); The following steps are included: S1 uses a groove processing assembly (200) to process a groove (102) with an annular stress groove (103) on a tube plate (100) at a tube hole (101); S2 cleaning groove (102); S3 inserting the heat exchange tube (300) to be welded into the tube hole (101) so that the welding end of the heat exchange tube (300) protrudes out of the tube sheet (100); S4: welding the tube sheet (100) and the heat exchange tube (300) at the groove (102) using a multi-energy welding assembly (400); The stress groove (103) is formed on the tube sheet (100) at the outer edge of the groove (102).

2. The tube-sheet laser arc hybrid welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The groove processing assembly (200) comprises a groove (102) processing frame (206), a positioning rod (205) is fixedly connected to the groove (102) processing frame (206), a processing cylinder (207) is rotatably connected to the outside of the positioning rod (205), and the lower end of the processing cylinder (207) is a cutter head (207b) having the same shape as the groove (102).

3. The tube-sheet laser arc hybrid welding method according to claim 2, characterized in that: A positioning portion (205a) is fixed on the positioning rod (205) below the cutter head (207b), and a plurality of positioning countersunk holes (412a) (205a-1) are arranged on the positioning portion (205a). The positioning portion (205a) is connected to a positioning tube (209) via the positioning countersunk holes (412a) (205a-1), and a positioning hole (209b) is opened at the center of the positioning tube (209). 9b) is connected to one end close to the outer edge of the tube hole (101) with a ball (208) that can just roll in the positioning hole (209b); the positioning cylinder (209) is threadedly connected to a stop plate (212) through the positioning hole (209b); a spring (211) is connected between the stop plate (212) and the steel ball; and the ball (208) can abut against the tube plate (100) at the outer edge of the tube hole (101) under the action of the spring (211).

4. The tube-sheet laser arc hybrid welding method according to claim 3, characterized in that: A positioning step (209a) is fixed on the positioning tube (209) on the side of the positioning hole (209b) opposite to the outer edge of the tube hole (101) to prevent the ball (208) from rolling out of the positioning tube (209).

5. The tube-sheet laser arc hybrid welding method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The upper end of the processing frame (206) is fixedly connected to a processing motor (204), the processing motor (204) is connected to an output shaft (203), the output shaft (203) is connected to a driving gear (202), and the upper end of the processing cylinder (207) is fixed to a driven gear (207a) meshing with the driving gear (202).

6. The tube-sheet laser arc hybrid welding method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The S1 is specifically: The groove processing assembly (200) is driven by an external driving device to move, so that the positioning part (205a) is inserted into the pipe hole (101). Under the action of the ball (208) and the spring (211), the positioning rod (205) is automatically positioned at the center of the pipe hole (101), and the processing motor (204) is controlled to move, and the processing cylinder (207) is rotated. The external driving device causes the groove processing assembly (200) to drill downward until the cutter head (207b) processes a groove (102) with a stress groove (103) on the pipe plate (100). The external driving device pulls out the groove processing assembly (200), and the positioning rod (205) leaves the pipe hole (101), so as to prepare for processing the groove (102) at the next pipe hole (101).

7. The tube-to-sheet laser arc hybrid welding method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The multi-energy welding assembly (400) comprises a welding cylinder (406) with an upward opening, a connecting ring (405) is fixedly connected to the welding cylinder (406), a jet sleeve (401) with an annular hollow cavity (401a) is connected to the lower end of the connecting ring (405), a jet nozzle (410) is connected to the outer periphery of the jet sleeve (401), and the jet nozzle (410) is used to connect an external gas source to the closed hollow cavity (401a), and a plurality of jet nozzles (410) are arranged on the lower side of the jet sleeve (401) and connected to the hollow cavity (401a). The connecting ring (405) is connected to an exhaust hole (401b) connected to a welding wire cantilever (404) and an arc welding cantilever (408); the welding wire cantilever (404) is connected to a wire guide (402) for delivering a welding wire (402a) via a first universal joint (403); the arc welding cantilever (408) is connected to a welding gun (409) via a second universal joint (407); a welding gun head (409a) of the welding gun (409) can be aligned with the welding wire (402a) delivered by the wire guide (402).

8. The tube-sheet laser arc hybrid welding method according to claim 7, characterized in that: A bracket (412) is fixedly connected in the opening of the welding cylinder (406), and a spherical connecting through hole (412b) is opened on the bracket (412). The bracket (412) is rotatably connected to a lens frame (419) through the connecting through hole (412b), and a focusing lens (413) is connected to the center of the lens frame (419).

9. The tube-sheet laser arc hybrid welding method according to claim 8, characterized in that: A rotating hole is formed on the bracket (412) at one end of the connecting through hole (412b) in the radial direction, and a swing rod is fixedly connected to one end of the lens bracket (419) extending into the rotating hole. A mounting hole is formed on the bracket (412) at one end of the rotating hole away from the connecting through hole (412b). A welding motor (418) is fixedly connected to the bracket (412) on the upper side of the mounting hole. A transmission shaft (417) extending downward into the mounting hole is connected to the welding motor (418). A driving bevel gear (416) is connected to the transmission shaft (417). A driven bevel gear (415) cooperating with the driving bevel gear (416) is rotatably connected to the bracket (412). An eccentric rod (414) is connected between the driven bevel gear (415) and the swing rod, and the eccentric rod (414) is arranged to deviate from the center of the driven bevel gear (415) and the center of the swing rod.

10. The tube-sheet laser arc hybrid welding method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The S4 specifically includes the following steps: The external device emits a laser beam (700), and adjusts the focus point of the laser beam (700) so that the focus point of the laser beam (700) is 3 to 4 mm below the lower side of the groove (102); The position of the arc welding cantilever (408) is adjusted to the normal direction of the groove (102) track, and the arc welding cantilever (408) is fixed; The position of the welding wire cantilever (404) is adjusted to the front of the running track (500) of the multi-energy welding assembly (400), and the welding wire cantilever (404) is fixed, so that the arc welding cantilever (408) and the welding wire cantilever (404) form an angle of 90°; The position of the arc welding gun (409) is adjusted by means of the second universal joint (407) so that the arc action position of the welding gun head (409a) on the arc welding gun (409) is aligned with the groove (102); The position of the wire guide (402) is then adjusted by the first universal joint (403) so that the melting position of the welding wire (402a) coincides with the arc action position of the welding gun head (409a); The welding gun (409) is controlled to be turned on, and the electrode of the welding gun head (409a) is arced to melt the welding wire (402a) in the groove (102). At the same time, under the action of the electric arc, a molten pool is formed at the groove (102). At this time, the laser is turned on, and the laser beam (700) is transmitted to the focusing lens (413) through the optical fiber, and then focused on the molten pool by the focusing lens (413). The welding motor (418) is controlled to be turned on, and the swing rod rotates to make the lens frame (419) and the focusing lens (413) swing; When the multi-energy welding assembly (400) finishes moving along the set trajectory, the tube sheet (100) is welded to the heat exchange tube (300) via the groove (102).

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