Engineering machinery tail gas field rapid initial detection system and detection method

Abstract

The invention discloses an engineering machinery tail gas on-site rapid initial detection system which comprises a pretreatment device shell, an air extracting pump and an air blowing pump are installed in the pretreatment device shell, an air inlet of the air extracting pump communicates with a tail gas capturing probe through an air inlet pipe, and an air outlet of the air extracting pump communicates with a three-way electromagnetic valve through an air outlet pipe. One air outlet of the three-way electromagnetic valve is communicated with a gas washing bottle; tail gas is divided into nitrogen oxide, aldehyde substances and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon substances, the tail gas is extracted by matching a gas extracting pump with a tail gas capturing probe, and the tail gas is conveyed into a gas washing bottle or a heating enrichment cavity according to the three substances; the high repetition array type chip, the aerogel type sensing chip and the magnetic separation sensing chip are used for enhancing the sensing intensity of captured and collected signals of the three substances, and the sensitivity and the accuracy of Raman spectrum detection are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of exhaust gas detection, and in particular to an on-site rapid initial detection system and a detection method for exhaust gas of construction machinery. Background Art

[0002] Traditional large-scale construction machinery has tight operating schedules and is not easy to move. An initial inspection at the machinery operation site can determine whether there are emissions exceeding standards in the machinery's exhaust. If there are emissions exceeding standards, further re-inspection is required to ensure that the vehicle meets environmental standards. Among them, high concentrations of aldehydes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and other trace targets in the exhaust of large-scale construction machinery are harmful to operators and the surrounding environment.

[0003] However, if large-scale detection equipment is used directly at the operation site of large-scale construction machinery, it will not only affect the project progress and production plan, but also increase the economic burden of the enterprise. Although conventional handheld Raman spectrometers can improve the convenience of on-site initial inspections, they are often not sensitive enough when capturing and analyzing specific harmful substances (such as nitrogen oxides, aldehydes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), which may lead to failure to accurately detect low-concentration pollutants and affect the effectiveness of environmental monitoring. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a rapid on-site initial inspection system and method for engineering machinery exhaust gas, so as to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a rapid initial inspection system for exhaust gas on site of construction machinery, comprising a pre-treatment device housing, wherein an air extraction pump and an air blowing pump are respectively installed inside the pre-treatment device housing, an air inlet of the air extraction pump is connected to an exhaust gas capture probe through an air inlet pipe, an air outlet of the air extraction pump is connected to a three-way solenoid valve through an air outlet pipe, one of the air outlets of the three-way solenoid valve is connected to a gas washing bottle, another air outlet of the three-way solenoid valve is connected to a three-way pipe, the gas washing bottle is connected to a first pipe body, and the end of the first pipe body is provided with a A peristaltic pump is provided, and the end of the first tube body is connected to the water inlet of the peristaltic pump, one of the outlets of the three-way pipe is connected to the water outlet of the peristaltic pump, the other outlet of the three-way pipe is connected to a heating enrichment chamber, the air outlet of the air pump is connected to one end of the heating enrichment chamber through the second tube body, the other end of the heating enrichment chamber is connected to the third tube body, a heating component is installed inside the heating enrichment chamber, a signal sensing enhancement component is installed on the heating enrichment chamber and the washing bottle, and a Raman spectrometer is provided outside the housing of the pre-treatment device.

[0006] Preferably, the signal sensing enhancement component includes a high-repetition array chip, an aerogel sensor chip and a magnetic separation sensor chip. The high-repetition array chip is installed inside the heating enrichment chamber, the aerogel sensor chip is installed on the inner wall of one end of the heating enrichment chamber close to the third tube body, and the magnetic separation sensor chip is installed at the bottom end of the washing bottle.

[0007] Preferably, the heating component comprises a heating pool, the heating pool is installed inside the heating and enrichment chamber, and a heating plate is installed on the inner bottom of the heating pool.

[0008] Preferably, a magnet is installed on the outer wall of the gas washing bottle near the bottom end.

[0009] Preferably, a pressure sensor is installed on the inner wall of the third tube body.

[0010] Preferably, the outer wall of the housing of the pre-treatment device is provided with two detection windows, one of which is located outside the gas washing bottle, and the other is located outside the heating and enrichment chamber.

[0011] Preferably, a power supply is installed inside the housing of the pre-processing device, and the power supply is electrically connected to the vacuum pump, the air blowing pump, the heating plate, the peristaltic pump and the three-way solenoid valve.

[0012] The present invention also provides a method for rapid initial inspection of engineering machinery exhaust gas on site, comprising the following steps:

[0013] S1. Exhaust pre-treatment: start the vacuum pump to make the exhaust capture probe collect the exhaust during the operation of the engineering machinery into the intake pipe, and enter the three-way solenoid valve through the outlet pipe, and set the absorption liquid in the washing bottle;

[0014] S2, signal sensing selective enhancement processing: the tail gas entering the three-way solenoid valve is divided into three types of substances: nitrogen oxides, aldehydes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The three-way solenoid valve opens the channel connected to the gas washing bottle or the channel connected to the three-way pipe according to the detection requirements of the three types of substances;

[0015] S21. When performing nitrogen oxide detection, the three-way solenoid valve is opened to connect the opening of the three-way pipe, so that the tail gas enters the heating enrichment chamber through the three-way pipe, and the high-repetition array chip in the heating enrichment chamber adsorbs nitrogen oxides in the tail gas;

[0016] S22, when performing aldehyde substance detection, the three-way solenoid valve is opened to connect the opening of the gas washing bottle, so that the tail gas enters the gas washing bottle, the peristaltic pump is started to transport the absorption liquid in the gas washing bottle to the heating enrichment chamber, the heating plate in the heating enrichment chamber heats and evaporates the absorption liquid in the heating pool, and the blowing pump is started to blow the evaporated substance out of the third tube body, so that the aerogel sensor chip adsorbs the evaporated aldehyde substance;

[0017] S23, when performing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons detection, the three-way solenoid valve is opened to connect the opening of the gas washing bottle, so that the tail gas enters the gas washing bottle, and the magnetic separation sensor chip in the gas washing bottle can selectively adsorb polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are completely adsorbed on the magnetic separation sensor chip;

[0018] S3, Raman detection processing: open the detection window near the heated enrichment cavity, use the Raman spectrometer probe to irradiate the high-repetition array chip to obtain the detection results of nitrogen oxides, or irradiate the aerogel sensor chip to obtain the detection results of aldehydes, open the detection window near the gas washing bottle, and use the Raman spectrometer probe to irradiate the magnetic separation sensor chip to obtain the detection results of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons;

[0019] S4. Output Raman spectrum: The Raman spectrometer automatically outputs the Raman spectra of nitrogen oxides, aldehydes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons through high-repetition array chips, aerogel sensor chips and magnetic separation sensor chips.

[0020] Preferably, in S23, after the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are adsorbed on the magnetic separation sensor chip, a magnet is used to attract one end of the gas washing bottle, so that the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are gathered at one end of the gas washing bottle, thereby completing the enrichment work.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention divides exhaust gas into three categories of substances, namely nitrogen oxides, aldehydes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and extracts exhaust gas through a vacuum pump in combination with an exhaust gas capture probe, and transports the exhaust gas to a gas washing bottle or a heating enrichment chamber according to the three categories of substances, respectively, and utilizes a high-repetition array chip, an aerogel sensor chip and a magnetic separation sensor chip to enhance the signal sensing intensity of the captured and collected three categories of substances, thereby significantly improving the sensitivity and accuracy of Raman spectroscopy detection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a rapid initial inspection system for exhaust gas on site of an engineering machinery according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the heating and enrichment chamber in the on-site rapid initial inspection system for exhaust gas from an engineering machinery according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3It is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a gas washing bottle in a rapid initial inspection system for exhaust gas on site of an engineering machinery according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the flow structure of a method for rapid initial on-site inspection of exhaust gas from construction machinery according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] In the figure: 1. pre-treatment device housing; 2. vacuum pump; 3. air inlet pipe; 4. exhaust gas capture probe; 5. air outlet pipe; 6. three-way solenoid valve; 7. gas washing bottle; 8. Raman spectrometer; 9. peristaltic pump; 10. first tube body; 11. three-way pipe; 12. heating enrichment chamber; 13. air blowing pump; 14. second tube body; 15. third tube body; 16. heating component; 17. signal sensing enhancement component; 18. power supply; 19. heating pool; 20. heating plate; 21. high repetition array chip; 22. aerogel sensor chip; 23. pressure sensor; 24. magnetic separation sensor chip; 25. magnet; 26. detection window. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] See also Figure 1 An embodiment of the present invention provides an on-site rapid initial inspection system for engineering machinery exhaust gas, including: a pre-treatment device housing 1.

[0029] Among them, Figure 1 As shown, an air suction pump 2 and an air blowing pump 13 are respectively installed inside the housing 1 of the pre-treatment device, the air inlet of the air suction pump 2 is connected to the exhaust gas capture probe 4 through the air inlet pipe 3, the air outlet of the air suction pump 2 is connected to the three-way solenoid valve 6 through the air outlet pipe 5, one of the air outlets of the three-way solenoid valve 6 is connected to the washing bottle 7, the other air outlet of the three-way solenoid valve 6 is connected to the three-way pipe 11, the washing bottle 7 is connected to the first tube body 10, a peristaltic pump 9 is provided at the end of the first tube body 10, and the end of the first tube body 10 is connected to the water inlet of the peristaltic pump 9, one of the outlets of the three-way pipe 11 is connected to the water outlet of the peristaltic pump 9, the other outlet of the three-way pipe 11 is connected to the heating enrichment chamber 12, the air outlet of the air blowing pump 13 is connected to one end of the heating enrichment chamber 12 through the second tube body 14, and the other end of the heating enrichment chamber 12 is connected to the third tube body 15.

[0030] When in use, the exhaust gas capture probe 4 is started by starting the vacuum pump 2 to collect the exhaust gas during the operation of the engineering machinery and enter the intake pipe 3, and the exhaust gas is output to the three-way solenoid valve 6 through the outlet pipe 5 on the vacuum pump 2. An absorption liquid is arranged in the washing bottle 7, wherein the exhaust gas entering the three-way solenoid valve 6 is divided into three types of substances: nitrogen oxides, aldehydes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. When nitrogen oxides are required, the exhaust gas is input into the heating enrichment chamber 12 through the three-way solenoid valve 6 and the three-way pipe 11 for signal sensing enhancement. When aldehydes are required, the exhaust gas is input into the washing bottle 7 through the three-way solenoid valve 6, and the absorption liquid adsorbed with aldehydes is input into the heating enrichment chamber 12 through the peristaltic pump 9 for signal sensing enhancement. When polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are required, the exhaust gas is input into the washing bottle 7 through the three-way solenoid valve 6 for signal sensing enhancement.

[0031] In this embodiment, Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, a heating component 16 is installed inside the heating and enrichment chamber 12, and the heating component 16 includes a heating pool 19. The heating pool 19 is installed inside the heating and enrichment chamber 12, and a heating plate 20 is installed on the inner bottom of the heating pool 19. A signal sensing enhancement component 17 is installed on the heating and enrichment chamber 12 and the washing bottle 7, and a Raman spectrometer 8 is provided on the outside of the pre-treatment device housing 1.

[0032] Among them, the signal sensing enhancement component 17 includes a high-repetition array chip 21, an aerogel sensor chip 22 and a magnetic separation sensor chip 24. The high-repetition array chip 21 is installed inside the heating enrichment chamber 12, the aerogel sensor chip 22 is installed on the inner wall of the heating enrichment chamber 12 at one end close to the third tube body 15, and the magnetic separation sensor chip 24 is installed at the bottom end of the washing bottle 7, and a magnet 25 is installed on the outer wall of the washing bottle 7 close to the bottom end.

[0033] When nitrogen oxide detection is performed, the exhaust gas entering the heating and enrichment chamber 12 can absorb nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas through the high-repetition array chip 21. When aldehyde substances are detected, the exhaust gas entering the scrubbing bottle 7 is attached to the absorption liquid, and finally the absorption liquid is transported to the heating pool 19 in the heating and enrichment chamber 12 through the peristaltic pump 9, and the absorption liquid is heated and evaporated by the heating plate 20, and the evaporated substance is blown out from the third tube body 15 through the blowing pump 13, so that the aerogel sensor chip 22 absorbs the evaporated aldehyde substances. When polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are detected, the exhaust gas entering the scrubbing bottle 7 selectively absorbs polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas through the magnetic separation sensor chip 24.

[0034] Further, see Figure 1Two detection windows 26 are provided on the outer wall of the housing 1 of the pretreatment device, one of which is located outside the gas washing bottle 7, and the other is located outside the heating and enrichment chamber 12. By opening the detection window 26 near the heating and enrichment chamber 12, the Raman spectrometer 8 probe can be used to irradiate the high-repetition array chip 21 to obtain the detection result of nitrogen oxides, or irradiate the aerogel sensor chip 22 to obtain the detection result of aldehyde substances. The detection window 26 near the gas washing bottle 7 is opened, and the Raman spectrometer 8 probe is used to irradiate the magnetic separation sensor chip 24 to obtain the detection result of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

[0035] Further, see Figure 2 A pressure sensor 23 is installed on the inner wall of the third tube body 15. The pressure sensor 23 can measure the air pressure in the heating and enrichment chamber 12 in real time. When the air pressure in the heating and enrichment chamber 12 reaches a threshold, the exhaust gas is stopped from entering.

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, a power supply 18 is installed inside the housing 1 of the pre-treatment device, and the power supply 18 is electrically connected to the vacuum pump 2, the air blowing pump 13, the heating plate 20, the peristaltic pump 9 and the three-way solenoid valve 6, so that the power supply 18 is used to provide electricity to the vacuum pump 2, the air blowing pump 13, the heating plate 20, the peristaltic pump 9 and the three-way solenoid valve 6.

[0037] According to the above technical scheme, the detection steps of the on-site rapid initial inspection system for engineering machinery exhaust are summarized and sorted out. Figure 1-Figure 4 , including the following steps:

[0038] S1, exhaust gas pre-treatment: by starting the vacuum pump 2, the exhaust gas capture probe 4 collects the exhaust gas during the operation of the engineering machinery and enters the intake pipe 3, and enters the three-way solenoid valve 6 through the outlet pipe 5, and the washing bottle 7 is provided with an absorption liquid;

[0039] S2, signal sensing selective enhancement processing: the tail gas entering the three-way solenoid valve 6 is divided into three types of substances: nitrogen oxides, aldehydes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The three-way solenoid valve 6 opens the channel connected to the gas washing bottle 7 or the channel connected to the three-way pipe 11 according to the detection requirements of the three types of substances;

[0040] S21, when performing nitrogen oxide detection, the three-way solenoid valve 6 is opened to connect the opening of the three-way pipe 11, so that the tail gas enters the heating and enrichment chamber 12 through the three-way pipe 11, and the high-repetition array chip 21 in the heating and enrichment chamber 12 adsorbs nitrogen oxides in the tail gas;

[0041] S22, when performing aldehyde substance detection, the three-way solenoid valve 6 is opened to connect the opening of the washing bottle 7, so that the tail gas enters the washing bottle 7, the peristaltic pump 9 is started to transport the absorption liquid in the washing bottle 7 to the heating enrichment chamber 12, the heating plate 20 in the heating enrichment chamber 12 heats and evaporates the absorption liquid in the heating pool 19, and the blowing pump 13 is started to blow the evaporated substance out of the third tube body 15, so that the aerogel sensor chip 22 adsorbs the evaporated aldehyde substance;

[0042] S23, when performing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons detection, the three-way solenoid valve 6 is opened to connect the opening of the washing bottle 7, so that the tail gas enters the washing bottle 7, and the magnetic separation sensor chip 24 in the washing bottle 7 can selectively adsorb the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are completely adsorbed on the magnetic separation sensor chip 24;

[0043] S3, Raman detection processing: open the detection window 26 near the heating enrichment chamber 12, use the Raman spectrometer 8 probe to irradiate the high-repetition array chip 21 to obtain the detection results of nitrogen oxides, or irradiate the aerogel sensor chip 22 to obtain the detection results of aldehyde substances, open the detection window 26 near the washing bottle 7, use the Raman spectrometer 8 probe to irradiate the magnetic separation sensor chip 24 to obtain the detection results of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons;

[0044] S4. Output Raman spectra: The Raman spectrometer 8 automatically outputs the Raman spectra of nitrogen oxides, aldehydes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons through the high-repetition array chip 21 , the aerogel sensor chip 22 and the magnetic separation sensor chip 24 .

[0045] Furthermore, in S23, after the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are adsorbed on the magnetic separation sensor chip 24, a magnet 25 is used to attract one end of the gas washing bottle 7, so that the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are gathered at one end of the gas washing bottle 7, thereby completing the enrichment work.

[0046] In summary: the present invention divides exhaust gas into three categories of substances, namely nitrogen oxides, aldehydes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and extracts exhaust gas through a vacuum pump 2 in combination with an exhaust gas capture probe 4, and transports the exhaust gas to a scrubbing bottle 7 or a heating enrichment chamber 12 according to the three categories of substances, and utilizes a high-repetition array chip 21, an aerogel sensor chip 22 and a magnetic separation sensor chip 24 to enhance the signal sensing intensity of the captured and collected three categories of substances, thereby significantly improving the sensitivity and accuracy of Raman spectroscopy detection.

[0047] Parts not involved in the present invention are the same as the prior art or can be implemented by the prior art. Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it is understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A rapid initial inspection system for exhaust gas from construction machinery on site, comprising a pre-treatment device housing (1), characterized in that: An air extraction pump (2) and an air blowing pump (13) are respectively installed inside the housing (1) of the pre-treatment device; the air inlet of the air extraction pump (2) is connected to an exhaust gas capture probe (4) via an air inlet pipe (3); the air outlet of the air extraction pump (2) is connected to a three-way solenoid valve (6) via an air outlet pipe (5); one of the air outlets of the three-way solenoid valve (6) is connected to a gas washing bottle (7); the other air outlet of the three-way solenoid valve (6) is connected to a three-way pipe (11); the gas washing bottle (7) is connected to a first tube body (10); a peristaltic pump (9) is provided at the end of the first tube body (10); and the end of the first tube body (10) is connected to the peristaltic pump ( The invention relates to a pre-treatment device for treating a water-soluble substance in a pre-treatment process. The pre-treatment device for treating a water-soluble substance in a pre-treatment process is characterized in that the pre-treatment device for treating a water-soluble substance in a pre-treatment process is provided with a heating and enriching chamber (12). ...

2. The on-site rapid initial inspection system for engineering machinery exhaust gas according to claim 1 is characterized by: The signal sensing enhancement component (17) comprises a high-repetition array chip (21), an aerogel sensor chip (22) and a magnetic separation sensor chip (24); the high-repetition array chip (21) is installed inside the heating and enrichment chamber (12); the aerogel sensor chip (22) is installed on the inner wall of one end of the heating and enrichment chamber (12) close to the third tube body (15); and the magnetic separation sensor chip (24) is installed at one end of the bottom of the gas washing bottle (7).

3. The on-site rapid initial inspection system for engineering machinery exhaust gas according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The heating component (16) comprises a heating pool (19), the heating pool (19) is installed inside the heating enrichment chamber (12), and a heating plate (20) is installed on the inner bottom of the heating pool (19).

4. The on-site rapid initial inspection system for engineering machinery exhaust gas according to claim 2 is characterized by: A magnet (25) is installed on the outer wall of the gas washing bottle (7) near the bottom end.

5. The on-site rapid initial inspection system for engineering machinery exhaust gas according to claim 1 is characterized by: A pressure sensor (23) is installed on the inner wall of the third tube body (15).

6. The on-site rapid initial inspection system for engineering machinery exhaust gas according to claim 1 is characterized by: The outer wall of the pre-treatment device housing (1) is provided with two detection windows (26), one of which is located outside the gas washing bottle (7) and the other is located outside the heating and enrichment chamber (12).

7. The on-site rapid initial inspection system for engineering machinery exhaust gas according to claim 3 is characterized by: A power source (18) is installed inside the housing (1) of the pre-treatment device, and the power source (18) is electrically connected to the vacuum pump (2), the air blowing pump (13), the heating plate (20), the peristaltic pump (9) and the three-way solenoid valve (6).

8. A rapid initial inspection method for exhaust gas from construction machinery on site, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, exhaust gas pre-treatment: by starting the vacuum pump (2), the exhaust gas capture probe (4) collects the exhaust gas during the operation of the engineering machinery and enters the intake pipe (3), and enters the three-way solenoid valve (6) through the outlet pipe (5), and the absorption liquid is set in the washing bottle (7); S2, signal sensing selective enhancement processing: the tail gas entering the three-way solenoid valve (6) is divided into three types of substances, namely, nitrogen oxides, aldehydes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The three-way solenoid valve (6) opens the channel connected to the gas washing bottle (7) or the channel connected to the three-way pipe (11) according to the detection requirements of the three types of substances; S21, when performing nitrogen oxide detection, the three-way solenoid valve (6) is opened to connect the opening of the three-way pipe (11), so that the tail gas enters the heating and enrichment chamber (12) through the three-way pipe (11), and the high-repetition array chip (21) in the heating and enrichment chamber (12) adsorbs the nitrogen oxides in the tail gas; S22, when performing aldehyde substance detection, the three-way solenoid valve (6) is opened to connect the opening of the gas washing bottle (7), so that the tail gas enters the gas washing bottle (7), the peristaltic pump (9) is started to transport the absorption liquid in the gas washing bottle (7) to the heating enrichment chamber (12), the heating plate (20) in the heating enrichment chamber (12) heats and evaporates the absorption liquid in the heating pool (19), the blowing pump (13) is started to blow the evaporated substance out of the third tube (15), and the aerogel sensor chip (22) adsorbs the evaporated aldehyde substance; S23, when performing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons detection, the three-way solenoid valve (6) is opened to connect the opening of the gas washing bottle (7), so that the tail gas enters the gas washing bottle (7), and the magnetic separation sensor chip (24) in the gas washing bottle (7) can selectively adsorb the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are completely adsorbed on the magnetic separation sensor chip (24); S3, Raman detection processing: opening the detection window (26) near the heated enrichment chamber (12), using the probe of the Raman spectrometer (8) to irradiate the high-repetition array chip (21) to obtain the detection results of nitrogen oxides, or irradiate the aerogel sensor chip (22) to obtain the detection results of aldehyde substances, opening the detection window (26) near the gas washing bottle (7), using the probe of the Raman spectrometer (8) to irradiate the magnetic separation sensor chip (24) to obtain the detection results of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; S4. Outputting Raman spectra: The Raman spectrometer (8) automatically outputs the Raman spectra of nitrogen oxides, aldehydes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons through the high-repetition array chip (21), the aerogel sensor chip (22) and the magnetic separation sensor chip (24).

9. The method for rapid initial on-site detection of engineering machinery exhaust gas according to claim 8 is characterized in that: In S23, after the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are adsorbed on the magnetic separation sensor chip (24), a magnet (25) is used to attract the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at one end of the gas washing bottle (7), so that the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are gathered at the one end of the gas washing bottle (7), thereby completing the enrichment work.

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