Planting method for relieving continuous cropping obstacles of ginseng

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a planting method for relieving continuous cropping obstacles of ginseng. The invention discloses a planting method for relieving continuous cropping obstacles of ginseng, which comprises the following steps: adopting a planting method of crop rotation of ginseng and leaf mustard to improve the physical and chemical properties and enzyme activity of soil so as to relieve the continuous cropping obstacles of ginseng, and specifically, after continuously planting ginseng for three years, performing ploughing, weeding and harrowing treatment on the soil so as to make the soil loose and flat; a half-height ridge cultivation mode is adopted, leaf mustard is planted on the treated soil, topdressing is not carried out in the growth process of the leaf mustard, and manual weeding is carried out regularly; planting the ginseng on the land after the mustard is planted for one year.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of plant cultivation technology, and in particular relates to a planting method for alleviating obstacles to continuous cropping of ginseng. Background Art

[0002] Ginseng (Panax ginseng CA Meyer) is a perennial herb that has the effects of improving eyesight, regulating blood pressure, improving intelligence, improving the physical fitness of the elderly, improving the mental state of the elderly, and restoring and improving the heart function of the middle-aged and elderly. Ginseng has a strong affinity for soil. Even if normal cultivation and management modes are adopted after continuous cropping of ginseng, the survival rate of ginseng seedlings will drop to 30% or even lower after 2 years. In addition, there will be different degrees of problems such as short and yellow roots, root rot, and aggravated diseases, which will lead to poor growth, reduced yield, and even total failure in severe cases.

[0003] There are certain rules for the types and proportions of mineral nutrients required by crops, especially for certain elements, such as relatively high concentrations or proportions of certain trace elements. After the same crop has been planted for many years, the content of certain nutrients in the soil, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, will decrease. If they are not replenished in time, it will affect the normal growth of the next crop, reduce the plant's ability to resist stress, increase the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, and thus reduce yield and quality. The yield and quality of ginseng are closely related to the physical and chemical properties of the soil and the nutrient content of the soil. Long-term planting of ginseng will make the soil acidic, resulting in a decrease in soil pH and a decrease in cation exchange capacity. If it is not replenished in time, the plant's ability to resist stress will decrease, and diseases and insect pests will occur seriously, which is not conducive to the growth and development of ginseng, resulting in a decrease in yield and quality.

[0004] Soil enzymes are special active proteins with catalytic effects, including intracellular enzymes and extracellular enzymes. They can catalyze biochemical reactions in the soil and provide nutrients such as nitrogen sources for plant growth. To a certain extent, they reflect the activity of soil microorganisms and are biological activity indicators of soil quality. The continuous planting of ginseng has a serious impact on the physical and chemical properties of the ginseng root zone soil. At the same time, the enzyme activity of the soil and the composition and structure of the microbial community respond to the changes in the physical and chemical properties, which ultimately leads to a decrease in ginseng yield and quality. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of this application is to provide a planting method for alleviating the obstacles of continuous cropping of ginseng, adopting a planting method of ginseng and mustard rotation, effectively improving the physical and chemical properties and enzyme activity of ginseng continuous cropping soil, alleviating the obstacles of continuous cropping, and reducing the harm of pests and diseases.

[0006] The present application provides a planting method for alleviating ginseng continuous cropping obstacles, characterized in that the method comprises: The method of crop rotation between ginseng and mustard is adopted to improve the physical and chemical properties and enzyme activity of the soil to alleviate the obstacle of continuous cropping of ginseng. Specifically: After three consecutive years of ginseng planting, the soil is plowed, weeded and harrowed to make it loose and flat; semi-high ridge cultivation is adopted, and mustard is planted on the treated soil. No topdressing is applied during the growth of mustard, and manual weeding is carried out regularly; ginseng is planted on the land after one year of mustard planting.

[0007] Furthermore, the tillage depth is 30-35 cm.

[0008] Furthermore, the sowing depth of the mustard is 4-6 cm.

[0009] Furthermore, the row spacing of the mustard is 55-60 cm, and the plant spacing is 25-30 cm.

[0010] Furthermore, the mustard is sown in May and June, and the planting cycle is one season per year.

[0011] The planting method for alleviating the obstacles of continuous cropping of ginseng provided in the present application adopts a planting method of ginseng and mustard rotation, which is easy to implement, does not require topdressing and herbicides, and basically does not require manual weeding, saves costs and is green and safe; at the same time, it effectively improves the physical and chemical properties and enzyme activity of the soil for continuous cropping of ginseng, alleviates the obstacles of continuous cropping, and reduces the harm of pests and diseases; further, it can realize the continuous planting of ginseng in the same plot of land, significantly increase the yield per unit area, and improve the yield of ginseng. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0012] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the technical solution more clear, the technical solution is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific implementation methods. It should be understood that these descriptions are only exemplary and are not intended to limit the scope of the technical solution.

[0013] Embodiment 1

[0014] The present application provides a planting method for alleviating the continuous cropping obstacle of ginseng, including: using a planting method of ginseng and mustard rotation to improve the physical and chemical properties and enzyme activity of the soil to alleviate the continuous cropping obstacle of ginseng, specifically: 1) Plowing of ginseng fields: After three consecutive years of ginseng planting, the soil is plowed, weeded and harrowed to make it soft and flat; the plowing depth is 30-35cm.

[0015] 2) Mustard planting: The semi-high ridge cultivation method is adopted to plant mustard on the treated soil; the sowing depth of mustard is 4-6cm; the row spacing of mustard is 55-60cm, and the plant spacing is 25-30cm; mustard is sown in May and June, and the planting cycle is one season a year.

[0016] 3) Field management: No topdressing is applied during the growth of mustard, and manual weeding is done regularly to prevent insects but not diseases.

[0017] 4) Ginseng planting: Ginseng is planted on the land after growing mustard for one year.

[0018] Embodiment 2

[0019] In order to verify the effectiveness of the planting method provided in the present application for alleviating the obstacles of continuous cropping of ginseng, a comparative test was also conducted in the present application example, specifically: 1) After three years of continuous ginseng cultivation, the soil was plowed, weeded and harrowed. The physical and chemical properties and enzyme activity of the treated soil were tested, and the test results shown in Table 1 and Table 2 were obtained: Table 1 Test results of soil physical and chemical properties of ginseng plots grown for three consecutive years soil Conductivity (ms / cm) pH Bulk density (g / cm³) Organic matter (g / kg) Available potassium (mg / kg) Ginseng 0.14±0.01 4.49±0.16 1.09±0.03 22.04±0.76 195.27±7.77 soil Total potassium (g / kg) Available phosphorus (mg / kg) Total phosphorus (g / kg) Available nitrogen (mg / kg) Total nitrogen (g / kg) Ginseng 20.12±0.21 60.87±7.36 0.31±0.01 138.76±2.13 1.37±0.07 Table 2 Results of soil enzyme activity test in ginseng plots grown for three consecutive years soil Catalase ml / (h·g)(ms / cm) Sucrase (mg·g-1·24h-1) Urease (mg·g-1·24h-1) Ginseng 0.51±0.03 5.12±0.71 7.44±0.68 2) The treated soil is evenly divided into three plots, marked as A, B, and C, among which Plot A continues to grow ginseng, Plot B is idle, and Plot C is planted with mustard using the method of the present application.

[0020] 3) After the mustard was harvested, the physical and chemical properties and enzyme activity of the soil in plots A, B, and C were tested, and the test results shown in Tables 3 and 4 were obtained: Table 3 Test results of soil physical and chemical properties of plots A, B, and C soil Conductivity (ms / cm) pH Bulk density (g / cm³) Organic matter (g / kg) Available potassium (mg / kg) A 0.07±0.02 4.38±0.10 1.01±0.02 21.80±2.26 150.15±7.60 B 0.11±0.01 4.29±0.03 1.21±0.12 22.45±1.3 186.43±4.61 C 0.12±0.02 4.70±0.13 1.11±0.02 27.04±1.47 280.06±8.72 soil Total potassium (g / kg) Available phosphorus (mg / kg) Total phosphorus (g / kg) Available nitrogen (mg / kg) Total nitrogen (g / kg) A 12.68±0.35 37.29±1.06 0.29±0.09 97.53±1.4 1.33±0.04 B 21.95±0.82 37.89±2.44 0.47±0.06 124.6±7.71 1.20±0.03 C 15.29±0.23 41.01±2.79 0.73±0.01 114.33±6.96 1.50±0.15 Table 4 Results of soil enzyme activity test in plots A, B, and C soil Catalase ml / (h·g)(ms / cm) Sucrase (mg·g-1·24h-1) Urease (mg·g-1·24h-1) A 0.64±0.02 3.23±0.23 5.22±1.37 B 0.62±0.07 2.07±0.6 7.74±0.99 C 0.65±0.03 3.80±0.22 11.15±0.97 By comparing Tables 1-4, it can be seen that the soil pH, available potassium, total phosphorus, organic matter and urease content increased significantly after crop rotation with mustard.

[0021] It can be seen that the crop rotation method of ginseng and mustard adopted in the present application can improve the physical and chemical properties and enzyme activity of the soil, which is of great significance for alleviating the obstacles of ginseng continuous cropping, reducing the harm of pests and diseases, and improving the yield and quality of ginseng.

[0022] The above contents are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, many changes can be made in the specific implementation methods and application scopes based on the ideas of the present technical content. As long as these changes do not deviate from the concept of the present invention, they all fall within the scope of protection of this patent.

Claims

1. A planting method for alleviating ginseng continuous cropping obstacles, characterized in that: The method comprises: The method of crop rotation between ginseng and mustard is adopted to improve the physical and chemical properties and enzyme activity of the soil to alleviate the obstacle of continuous cropping of ginseng. Specifically: After three consecutive years of ginseng planting, the soil is plowed, weeded and harrowed to make it loose and flat; semi-high ridge cultivation is adopted, and mustard is planted on the treated soil. No topdressing is applied during the growth of mustard, and manual weeding is carried out regularly; ginseng is planted on the land after one year of mustard planting.

2. The planting method for alleviating ginseng continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tillage depth is 30-35 cm.

3. The planting method for alleviating ginseng continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sowing depth of the mustard is 4-6 cm.

4. The planting method for alleviating ginseng continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The row spacing of the mustard is 55-60 cm, and the plant spacing is 25-30 cm.

5. The planting method for alleviating ginseng continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mustard is sown in May and June, and the planting cycle is one season per year.