Block chain enhanced data attestation architecture based on role NFT and evolutionary game theory

Abstract

The invention provides a data traceability architecture based on a block chain. Data traceability management is enhanced through a role-based non-homogeneous token (NFT) and an evolutionary game theory. According to the architecture, data traceability information is recorded in a supply chain operation process by adopting an intelligent contract, so that transparency and traceability of data are realized. Besides, the system provides a dynamic and flexible access control mechanism by combining a role-based access control method and the NFT, designs a dynamic incentive distribution algorithm by adopting an evolutionary game theory, and effectively excites enterprise users in each link of the supply chain to participate in data recording, so that the data quality is improved and the operation cost is reduced. The architecture not only enhances the data security and anti-counterfeiting capability, but also greatly improves the processing efficiency through the automatic execution of the smart contract. Experimental results show that the system is excellent in fuel consumption and transaction throughput in intelligent contract execution, and can support large-scale supply chain management application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of data traceability and is a data traceability architecture based on blockchain enhancement, which uses role-based non-fungible tokens (NFT) and evolutionary game theory to achieve transparency, immutability and anti-counterfeiting of data traceability. The present invention also relates to a system and method for encouraging users to participate in the creation of data traceability records through a dynamic incentive mechanism, aiming to improve the quality and quantity of data traceability information. Background Art

[0002] At present, data traceability is mainly divided into log-based data traceability methods based on log file analysis and processing, ontology-based data traceability methods based on ontology models and knowledge graphs, and blockchain-based data traceability methods. Log-based data traceability is mainly used to record and track historical changes and access records of data. By generating detailed logs to record the status of data at different time points, including operations such as data creation, modification, deletion and access. The ontology-based data traceability method defines data entities, attributes, relationships and rules, making data not only traceable at the operational level, but also transparent at the semantic level. Blockchain technology records every operation and change of data through its unique decentralized and tamper-proof characteristics, thus forming a persistent, transparent and coherent data change history record. In contrast, the blockchain-based data traceability method stores various records used for data traceability (hereinafter referred to as data traceability records) and their mutual associations on the blockchain. Through a decentralized network structure, consensus algorithm and encryption technology, it provides stronger data security, prevents records used for data traceability from being tampered with, and ensures the reliability of the data source. Based on smart contracts, blockchain-based data traceability methods can achieve real-time data updates.

[0003] However, the data traceability method based on blockchain still has problems such as lack of authority control in the data traceability process and high system operation costs. There are the following technical challenges in building a blockchain-based data traceability architecture with access control: 1) Designing an authority control method with dynamic flexibility and anti-counterfeiting to meet the needs of the supply chain; 2) Designing an incentive mechanism to promote the creation of data traceability records on the blockchain; 3) Developing smart contracts based on authority control to achieve the creation, modification and query of data traceability records. Therefore, in response to these problems, the present invention proposes a data traceability architecture enhanced based on blockchain, which realizes dynamic and flexible access control of the operation of data traceability records, prevents the forgery of authority, and at the same time ensures the enthusiasm for the creation of data traceability records and improves the quality of data traceability records. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention proposes a blockchain-enhanced data proof architecture based on role-based NFT and evolutionary game theory, combines the role-based permission control method with NFT to achieve access control, and proposes a data traceability incentive mechanism based on evolutionary game theory to promote the creation of data traceability records on the blockchain.

[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] This solution provides a blockchain-enhanced data proof architecture based on role-based NFT and evolutionary game theory, which is characterized by including the following modules:

[0007] S1. Blockchain network and smart contract module. Blockchain technology is a distributed ledger technology that ensures data security, transparency and immutability through encryption algorithms and consensus mechanisms. It relies on peer-to-peer networks and chain data structures to achieve decentralized information storage and sharing. Smart contracts are self-executing protocols running on blockchains that contain transaction terms and logic. When predetermined conditions are met, smart contracts automatically execute related operations without the need for intermediaries. It relies on the decentralization and immutability of blockchains to ensure the transparency and reliability of contract execution. Blockchain networks are used to decentralize the storage and management of data traceability records, ensuring the transparency and immutability of data through distributed ledger technology. Smart contract modules are deployed on blockchain networks, including data traceability smart contracts and access control smart contracts. The data traceability smart contract is used to record data traceability information generated during supply chain operations, including the source, production process and distribution path of products or raw materials, to achieve data transparency and traceability; the access control smart contract is used to implement data access control based on role-based non-fungible tokens (NFTs), ensuring the dynamic flexibility and anti-counterfeiting of data through role definition, NFT generation and access rights verification.

[0008] S2. Non-fungible token (NFT) module. NFT is a unique digital asset based on blockchain that is indivisible and non-interchangeable. It is used in the fields of digital art, game props, etc. to realize the confirmation and transaction of digital assets. This module uses NFT for role-based access control to ensure the dynamic flexibility and anti-counterfeiting of data traceability information. This module includes role permission storage, role NFT management and metadata storage, which is achieved by storing the permission information corresponding to each role, generating and managing role-based non-fungible tokens, and storing metadata information of non-fungible tokens.

[0009] S3, Incentive mechanism module, based on evolutionary game theory, is used to allocate dynamic incentives based on the participation of company users in the creation of data traceability records. Evolutionary game theory uses mathematical models to analyze the evolution of strategies in a dynamic environment and uses replication dynamic equations to describe the changes in strategy frequency. This module encourages company users to actively participate in the creation and maintenance of data traceability records by dynamically adjusting incentives based on the participation rate of company users and the quality of data traceability records, recording and managing the reputation value of company users, and calculating the dynamic incentives of company users based on the evolutionary game theory model.

[0010] Furthermore, the blockchain network and smart contract module includes the following sub-modules:

[0011] S101. Blockchain network for decentralized storage and management of data traceability records. The blockchain network ensures the transparency and immutability of data through distributed ledger technology, and adopts consensus algorithm (POA) to verify and record data traceability information to ensure the integrity and reliability of data. The network consists of multiple nodes, each of which stores a complete copy of the data and works together through a consensus protocol to prevent single point failure and malicious tampering.

[0012] S102, smart contract module, deployed on the blockchain network, including data tracing smart contract, access control smart contract and management smart contract.

[0013] Data traceability smart contracts are used to record data traceability information generated during supply chain operations, including the source of products or raw materials, production processes, and distribution paths. The data traceability smart contracts can automatically perform the following operations: record data traceability information, generate and store detailed traceability records at each stage of the supply chain, including timestamps, locations, participant information, and operation details; update data traceability information, allowing authorized users to update existing records to reflect changes in the supply chain process; retrieve data traceability information, provide query interfaces, and allow users to retrieve and verify data traceability information based on specific conditions to ensure the real-time and accuracy of information.

[0014] Access Control Token (ACT) Smart Contract: Used to implement data access control based on role-based non-fungible tokens (NFTs). The access control smart contract includes: a role definition unit, which is used to define different access control roles and their permissions. Each role corresponds to a different level of access rights to ensure that only authorized users can access or modify specific data traceability information; an NFT generation unit, which is used to generate corresponding non-fungible tokens for each role. Each NFT contains detailed information and permission levels of the role, and is bound to the user account to ensure uniqueness and immutability; an access rights verification unit, which is used to verify the non-fungible tokens and corresponding permissions held by the user when the user requests access to data traceability information. The unit confirms the legitimacy of the user's access request by checking the NFT information bound to the user's account, and grants or denies access rights.

[0015] Management smart contract: used to coordinate the operation of data traceability smart contract and access control smart contract. The management smart contract includes: permission check unit, which checks the permission of the user before calling the function of the data traceability smart contract to ensure that the user has the necessary permission to perform the corresponding operation; role management unit, which manages the company organization at each stage and deploys and manages a separate management smart contract for each stage of the supply chain through smart contracts; record creation and modification unit, which creates or modifies data traceability records by calling the function of the data traceability smart contract after the permission verification is passed.

[0016] Furthermore, the non-fungible token (NFT) module includes the following sub-modules:

[0017] S201, a role authority storage unit is used to store the authority information corresponding to each role. The role authority storage unit includes the following types of roles and their corresponding authorities:

[0018] Administrator: Has the highest authority and can create, modify, and delete all data traceability records, and assign and manage other user roles.

[0019] Operator: Has data entry and modification permissions, can create and update data traceability records, but cannot delete records.

[0020] Auditor: Has data viewing permissions and can retrieve and view all data traceability records, but cannot modify or delete records.

[0021] Ordinary users: have limited data viewing permissions and can retrieve and view some data traceability records. Permissions are restricted based on specific needs.

[0022] Temporary users: have short-term access rights and can view specific data traceability records within a certain period of time. They are suitable for temporary review or inspection scenarios.

[0023] S202, role NFT management unit, used to generate, distribute and manage role-based non-fungible tokens (NFT). The role NFT management unit generates NFTs for each role through smart contracts. These NFTs contain detailed information, permission levels and unique identifiers of the role, and are bound to the user account to ensure uniqueness and non-tamperability. Specific functions include:

[0024] Generate NFT: Generate the corresponding NFT based on the user role, and record the role name, permission level, validity period, and other relevant information.

[0025] Distribute NFT: Distribute the generated NFT to the corresponding user account and record the distribution information.

[0026] Manage NFTs: Update, adjust permissions, and delete existing NFTs. When a user’s role changes, update their NFT information in a timely manner.

[0027] Audit and record keeping: Record the generation, distribution, and update logs of all NFTs for easy auditing and tracking.

[0028] S203, access control unit, used to verify the NFT and corresponding permissions held by the user when accessing data traceability information. This unit checks the NFT information bound to the user account to confirm the legitimacy of the access request and grant or deny access rights. Specific functions include:

[0029] Permission verification: When a user requests access to data traceability information, verify the NFT and corresponding permissions they hold to ensure that only authorized users can access or modify the data.

[0030] Permission management: Adjust user access rights as needed, and update permission information when user roles change.

[0031] Temporary permission allocation: Assign short-term access permissions to temporary users and automatically revoke their permissions after the validity period expires.

[0032] Furthermore, the incentive mechanism module includes the following contents:

[0033] S301. Model construction. The model is a symmetrical evolutionary model of user participation in data traceability record creation (hereinafter referred to as record creation game model), including a triple G = (P, S, U), where:

[0034] P represents the set of all users in the system; S represents all strategy spaces that users can choose, where S = (S1, S2) = (participate, do not participate). Users can choose whether to participate in the creation of data traceability records; U represents the payoff matrix of both parties in the game.

[0035] S302, dynamic incentive allocation algorithm, the benefits of users participating in creating data traceability records mainly depend on parameters such as record quality c, user reputation level r, dividend coefficient k, balance level λ and dynamic incentive τ. Among them, the dividend coefficient k and balance level λ are fixed values ​​set by the system for a long time; the average quality c and reputation level r of data traceability records created by users are behavior-dependent and relatively stable. However, the dynamic incentive τ can be adjusted dynamically in real time by the system. Therefore, the size of the dynamic incentive τ plays a vital role in increasing the proportion of users who choose to participate in the strategy. In order to encourage users to adopt a participation strategy, the system sets a minimum dynamic incentive τ. For low-reputation users who deliberately create junk data traceability records, the system should withhold dynamic incentives and impose fines if necessary. The dynamic incentive allocation algorithm is as follows:

[0036]

[0037] Based on the analysis of the incentive mechanism, we can deduce the range of dynamic incentive τ that encourages users to adopt participation strategies. In order to encourage users to choose participation strategies, the system will set a minimum dynamic incentive τ. The formula is:

[0038] τ>[r(k-1)+λ]ln(1+c)-px

[0039] The system should set the minimum dynamic excitation τ, whose value is:

[0040]

[0041] Where x represents the proportion of users in the system who choose to participate in the strategy. For low-reputation users, the system should withhold dynamic incentives and impose penalties if necessary. When τ>0, τ will be set to zero (indicating no dynamic incentives); when τ<0, τ will be set to an appropriate value to impose a penalty. For honest users, the system calculates appropriate dynamic incentives to encourage them to participate.

[0042] S303, incentive mechanism parameters, the parameters involved in the incentive mechanism include:

[0043] Reputation level r: the user's reputation level for participating in the creation of data traceability records. A higher reputation level will encourage users to participate more in record creation.

[0044] Dividend coefficient k: represents the ratio of the dividends a user receives from selling role-based NFTs to direct income;

[0045] Balance level λ: represents the balance coefficient set by the system, which is used to balance the user reputation level and the quality of data traceability records;

[0046] Dynamic incentive τ: used to encourage users to continue to participate in creating data traceability records when their income is insufficient (τ>0), and to punish low-reputation users who frequently create junk data traceability records (τ<0);

[0047] Computing resource costs The computing resource costs incurred when users create data traceability records on the blockchain.

[0048] S304. Profit calculation formula, scenario 1: User A and User B both participate in the creation of data traceability records. Their profits include direct profits and cooperative profits. The net profit formula is:

[0049] r ln(1+c)-θln(1+c)+ωr ln(1+c)+τ-φ

[0050] Scenario 2: Only user A participates in creating data traceability records, and his benefits are:

[0051] r ln(1+c)-θln(1+c)+τ-φ

[0052] User B's profit is:

[0053] ωr ln(1+c)+kr ln(1+c)-p

[0054] Scenario 3: User A and User B do not participate in creating data traceability records. Their benefits are:

[0055] kr ln(1+c)

[0056] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The present invention proposes a blockchain-enhanced data proof architecture based on role-based NFT and evolutionary game theory, which improves the security, transparency and effectiveness of the incentive mechanism of the data traceability system by combining blockchain technology, role-based non-fungible tokens (NFT) and evolutionary game theory. First, the data traceability records are stored and managed through a decentralized blockchain network, ensuring the immutability and transparency of the data. Secondly, the role-based non-fungible token (NFT) implements fine-grained access control, ensuring that only authorized users can access and modify specific data, thereby effectively preventing unauthorized access and data tampering. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0057] Figure 1 It is a system architecture diagram of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 2 This is a specific flow chart for data tracing for this system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0059] The specific implementation modes of the present invention are described below so that those skilled in the art can understand the present invention. However, it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific implementation modes. For those of ordinary skill in the art, as long as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and determined by the attached claims, these changes are obvious, and all inventions and creations utilizing the concept of the present invention are protected.

[0060] The embodiments of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0061] like Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides a data traceability architecture based on blockchain, and the data traceability process includes the following steps:

[0062] 1. Initialization and data collection. At the beginning of the supply chain, the system first deploys the blockchain network and smart contracts to collect and record initial data traceability information. The blockchain network stores and manages data traceability records in a decentralized manner, and uses a consensus algorithm to ensure the transparency and immutability of the data. The data traceability smart contract is responsible for automatically collecting various data at the beginning of the supply chain, including the source, initial status, production date, production location, batch number and supplier information of the product or raw materials. These data are recorded on the blockchain to generate data traceability records, including timestamps, locations, participant information and operation details. Smart contracts also provide data update and query interfaces, and authorized users can update and retrieve data traceability information to reflect changes in the supply chain process and ensure the real-time and accuracy of the information;

[0063] 2. Cast role-based NFTs. In the supply chain, role-based non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are cast for each participant to achieve fine-grained access control. The system administrator accesses the ACT smart contract through the blockchain network interface to define the roles and permissions of each participant, including administrators, operators, auditors, ordinary users, and temporary users. The ACT smart contract generates corresponding NFTs for each role. These NFTs contain detailed information and permission levels of the roles and are bound to the user accounts of the participants to ensure uniqueness and immutability. The generated NFTs are distributed to the corresponding user accounts, and the distribution information is recorded to achieve role-based access control, ensuring that only authorized users can access or modify specific data traceability information;

[0064] 3. Data traceability records and access control. Data traceability information of each link in the supply chain is recorded and managed through smart contracts, and access control is performed based on role-based NFTs. Operators use data traceability smart contracts to generate and record detailed data traceability information at each link in the supply chain. The data traceability smart contract generates data traceability records on the blockchain, including timestamps, locations, participant information, and operation details. Authorized users can update existing records through data traceability smart contracts. The updated records will be automatically verified and stored through the blockchain network to ensure their immutability and real-time nature. When a user requests access to specific data traceability information, the ACT smart contract checks the NFT information bound to the user's account. If the NFT held by the user contains access rights, access rights are granted, allowing the user to view or modify data traceability records; otherwise, the access request will be denied;

[0065] 4. Dynamic incentive allocation. Apply a dynamic incentive mechanism based on evolutionary game theory to dynamically adjust incentive parameters and encourage participants to provide high-quality data. The system calculates the dynamic incentive τ based on the user's participation in record creation. Users with high-quality data records and active participation will receive more dynamic incentives. The system will adjust the incentive allocation according to the preset parameters and models. For low-reputation users who deliberately create junk data traceability records, the system should withhold dynamic incentives and impose fines when necessary.

[0066] In an embodiment of the present invention, step 1 specifically includes the following sub-steps:

[0067] 1.1. Blockchain network deployment. In the initial stage of the supply chain, the blockchain network is first deployed to decentralize the storage and management of data traceability records. The blockchain network consists of multiple nodes, each of which stores a complete copy of the data and works together through a consensus protocol to prevent single point failures and malicious tampering;

[0068] 1.2. Smart contract deployment: deploy data traceability smart contracts and access control smart contracts on the blockchain network. The data traceability smart contract is used to record data traceability information generated during supply chain operations, such as the source, production process, and distribution path of products or raw materials. The access control smart contract is used to manage and verify user access rights;

[0069] 1.3. Initial data collection: Each participant in the supply chain accesses the data traceability smart contract through the blockchain network interface and inputs the initial data. The data includes the product’s source, initial status, production date, production location, batch number, and supplier information. The data traceability smart contract automatically generates data traceability records.

[0070] In an embodiment of the present invention, step 2 specifically includes the following sub-steps:

[0071] 2.1. System administrator accesses ACT smart contract. System administrator accesses ACT smart contract through blockchain network interface and is responsible for managing and distributing non-fungible tokens (NFT). ACT smart contract generates unique NFT for different roles to manage access rights and verify user identity;

[0072] 2.2. Define roles and permissions. The system administrator defines the roles and permissions of each participant in the supply chain, including the following roles:

[0073] Administrator: has the highest authority and can create, modify and delete all data traceability records, and assign and manage other user roles;

[0074] Operator: has data entry and modification permissions, can create and update data traceability records, but cannot delete records;

[0075] Auditor: has data viewing authority and can retrieve and view all data traceability records, but cannot modify or delete records;

[0076] Ordinary users: have limited data viewing permissions and can retrieve and view some data traceability records. Specific permissions are limited according to actual needs;

[0077] Temporary users: have short-term access rights and can view specific data traceability records within a certain period of time. They are suitable for temporary review or inspection scenarios.

[0078] 2.3. Generate role-based NFTs. The ACT smart contract generates corresponding NFTs based on the defined roles and permissions. These NFTs contain detailed information of the roles, permission levels, and unique identifiers. The generated NFTs are unique and immutable, and are bound to the user account to ensure that each NFT can only be used by a specific user;

[0079] 2.4. Distribution and management of NFTs. The generated NFTs are distributed to the corresponding user accounts and the distribution information is recorded. The ACT smart contract is also responsible for managing these NFTs, including updates, permission adjustments, and deletions. The system will update the NFT information of users in a timely manner when their roles change to ensure the dynamic flexibility and security of permission management;

[0080] 2.5. Verify user permissions. When a user requests access to data traceability information, the ACT smart contract will check the NFT information bound to the user account and confirm its access rights. If the NFT held by the user contains the corresponding permissions, access rights are granted; otherwise, the access request is denied. In this way, the system can effectively prevent unauthorized access and ensure the security and privacy of data.

[0081] In an embodiment of the present invention, step 3 specifically includes the following sub-steps:

[0082] 3.1. Generate data traceability records. At each link of the supply chain, operators access the data traceability smart contract through the blockchain network interface to generate and record detailed data traceability information. This information includes the source of products or raw materials, production process and distribution path, etc. The data traceability smart contract will automatically generate data traceability records, including timestamps, locations, participant information and operation details;

[0083] 3.2. Record data on the chain. The data traceability smart contract submits the generated data traceability records to the blockchain network for verification and recording through the consensus algorithm. The blockchain network ensures the transparency and immutability of the data. All nodes synchronously update these records to ensure the consistency and integrity of the data.

[0084] 3.3. Data update: Authorized users can access the data traceability smart contract through the blockchain network interface to update existing data traceability records. Authorized users can enter new data, and the data traceability smart contract will verify the user's authority and submit the updated data to the blockchain network for verification and storage;

[0085] 3.4. Access control. When a user requests access to data traceability information, the access control smart contract will check the non-fungible token (NFT) information bound to the user's account. The access control smart contract verifies whether the user holds the corresponding permissions and decides whether to grant access rights based on the verification results. If the NFT held by the user contains access rights, the user is allowed to view or modify the data traceability record; otherwise, the access request is denied;

[0086] 3.5. Data query: Users access the data traceability smart contract through the blockchain network interface and enter query conditions. The smart contract retrieves the data traceability records based on the query conditions and returns the corresponding information to ensure that users can obtain the required real-time and accurate data.

[0087] In an embodiment of the present invention, step 4 specifically includes the following sub-steps:

[0088] 4.1. Model construction: construct a dynamic incentive model based on evolutionary game theory. This model is a symmetric evolutionary model for the creation of user participation data traceability records, including the triple G = (P, S, U), where P represents the set of all users in the system, S represents all strategy spaces that users can choose (participate or not participate), and U represents the payoff matrix of both parties in the game;

[0089] 4.2. Dynamic incentive parameter setting, based on the user's reputation level r, dividend coefficient k, balance level λ and computing resource cost The system sets the initial dynamic incentive τ based on the parameters such as . These parameters are used to calculate the dynamic incentive that users can obtain when creating data traceability records. The formula is as follows:

[0090] τ>[r(k-1)+λ]ln(1+c)-px

[0091] The system should set the minimum dynamic excitation τ, whose value is:

[0092]

[0093] Among them, x represents the proportion of users who choose to participate in the strategy in the system;

[0094] 4.3. Incentive calculation: The system calculates dynamic incentives τ in real time based on the user's participation in record creation. Users with high-quality data records and active participation will receive more dynamic incentives. For low-reputation users who deliberately create junk data traceability records, the system should withhold dynamic incentives and impose fines when necessary;

[0095] 4.4. Incentive allocation: The system administrator adjusts dynamic incentive parameters through the evolutionary game theory model to ensure the fairness and effectiveness of incentive allocation. For users with high reputation, the system provides more incentives to encourage their continued participation and provide high-quality data traceability records;

[0096] 4.5. Profit distribution: According to the incentive mechanism model, the system calculates the profit of each user and distributes the corresponding incentives. The specific formula is:

[0097] Scenario 1: User A and User B both participate in the creation of data traceability records. Their benefits include direct benefits and cooperative benefits. The net benefit formula is:

[0098] r ln(1+c)-θln(1+c)+ωrln(1+c)+τ-φ

[0099] Scenario 2: Only user A participates in creating data traceability records, and his benefits are:

[0100] r ln(1+c)-θln(1+c)+τ-φ

[0101] User B's profit is:

[0102] ωr ln(1+c)+kr ln(1+c)-p

[0103] Scenario 3: User A and User B do not participate in creating data traceability records. Their benefits are:

[0104] kr ln(1+c).

Claims

1. A blockchain-based data provenance architecture for improving supply chain transparency and data traceability, including: S1. Blockchain network and smart contract module. The smart contract module is deployed on the blockchain network, including data traceability smart contract and access control smart contract. The data traceability smart contract is used to record data traceability information during supply chain operations to achieve data transparency and traceability. Access control smart contracts are used to implement data access control based on role-based non-fungible tokens (NFTs). S2, Non-fungible token (NFT) module, is used for role-based access control to ensure the dynamic flexibility and anti-counterfeiting of data traceability information. This is achieved by storing the permission information corresponding to each role, generating and managing role-based non-fungible tokens, and storing metadata information of non-fungible tokens. S3, Incentive mechanism module, based on evolutionary game theory, is used to allocate dynamic incentives based on the participation of corporate users in the creation of data traceability records. This module encourages corporate users to actively participate in the creation and maintenance of data traceability records by dynamically adjusting incentives based on the participation rate of corporate users and the quality of data traceability records, recording and managing the reputation value of corporate users, and calculating the dynamic incentives of corporate users based on the evolutionary game theory model.

2. The blockchain-based data traceability architecture as claimed in claim 1, wherein the blockchain network and smart contract module S1 comprises: S101. Blockchain network for decentralized storage and management of data traceability records. The blockchain network ensures the transparency and immutability of data through distributed ledger technology, and adopts consensus algorithm (POA) to verify and record data traceability information to ensure the integrity and reliability of data. The network consists of multiple nodes, each of which stores a complete copy of the data and works together through a consensus protocol to prevent single point failure and malicious tampering. S102, smart contract module, deployed on the blockchain network, including data tracing smart contract, access control smart contract and management smart contract: Data traceability smart contracts are used to record data traceability information generated during supply chain operations, including the source of products or raw materials, production processes, and distribution paths. The data traceability smart contracts can automatically perform the following operations: record data traceability information, generate and store detailed traceability records at each stage of the supply chain, update data traceability information, retrieve data traceability information, and provide query interfaces to allow users to retrieve and verify data traceability information based on specific conditions to ensure the real-time and accuracy of the information; Access Control Token (ACT) Smart Contract: Used to implement data access control based on role-based non-fungible tokens (NFT). The access control smart contract includes: a role definition unit, which is used to define different access control roles and their permissions. Each role corresponds to a different level of access rights, ensuring that only authorized users can access or modify specific data traceability information; an NFT generation unit, which is used to generate corresponding non-fungible tokens for each role; Management smart contract: used to coordinate the operation of data traceability smart contract and access control smart contract. The management smart contract includes: permission check unit, which checks the permission of the user before calling the function of the data traceability smart contract to ensure that the user has the necessary permission to perform the corresponding operation; role management unit, which manages the company organization at each stage and deploys and manages a separate management smart contract for each stage of the supply chain through smart contracts; record creation and modification unit, which creates or modifies data traceability records by calling the function of the data traceability smart contract after the permission verification is passed.

3. The blockchain-based data traceability architecture as claimed in claim 1, wherein the non-fungible token (NFT) module S2 comprises: S201, a role authority storage unit is used to store the authority information corresponding to each role. The role authority storage unit includes the following types of roles and their corresponding authorities: Administrator: Has the highest authority and can create, modify, and delete all data traceability records, and assign and manage other user roles. Operator: Has data entry and modification permissions, can create and update data traceability records, but cannot delete records. Auditor: Has data viewing permissions and can retrieve and view all data traceability records, but cannot modify or delete records. Ordinary users: have limited data viewing permissions and can retrieve and view some data traceability records. Permissions are restricted based on specific needs. Temporary users: have short-term access rights and can view specific data traceability records within a certain period of time. They are suitable for temporary review or inspection scenarios. S202, a role NFT management unit, which is used to generate, distribute and manage role-based non-fungible tokens (NFTs). The role NFT management unit generates NFTs for each role through smart contracts, and its specific functions include: Generate NFT: Generate the corresponding NFT based on the user role, record the role name, permission level, validity period and other relevant information; Distribute NFT: Distribute the generated NFT to the corresponding user account and record the distribution information; Manage NFTs: Update, adjust permissions, and delete existing NFTs. When a user's role changes, update their NFT information in a timely manner. Audit and record keeping: Record the generation, distribution, and update logs of all NFTs for easy auditing and tracking. S203, access control unit, used to verify the NFT and corresponding permissions held by the user when accessing data traceability information. This unit checks the NFT information bound to the user account to confirm the legitimacy of the access request and grant or deny access rights. Specific functions include: Permission verification: When a user requests access to data traceability information, verify the NFT and corresponding permissions held by the user to ensure that only authorized users can access or modify the data; Permission management: adjust user access rights as needed, and update permission information when user roles change; Temporary permission allocation: Assign short-term access permissions to temporary users and automatically revoke their permissions after the validity period expires.

4. In the blockchain-based data traceability architecture as claimed in claim 1, the incentive mechanism module S3 is designed based on evolutionary game theory to encourage company users to actively participate in the creation of data traceability records. This module encourages company users to create data traceability records on the blockchain by dynamically adjusting their personal benefits. The incentive mechanism mainly includes the following contents: S301. Model construction. The model is a symmetrical evolutionary model of user participation in data traceability record creation (hereinafter referred to as record creation game model), including a triple G = (P, S, U), where: P represents the set of all users in the system; S represents all strategy spaces that users can choose, where S = (S1, S2) = (participate, do not participate). Users can choose whether to participate in the creation of data traceability records; U represents the payoff matrix of both parties in the game. S302, dynamic incentive allocation algorithm, the benefits of users participating in creating data traceability records mainly depend on parameters such as record quality c, user reputation level r, dividend coefficient k, balance level λ and dynamic incentive τ. Among them, the dividend coefficient k and balance level λ are fixed values ​​set by the system for a long time; the average quality c and reputation level r of data traceability records created by users are behavior-dependent and relatively stable. However, the dynamic incentive τ can be adjusted dynamically in real time by the system. Therefore, the size of the dynamic incentive τ plays a vital role in increasing the proportion of users who choose to participate in the strategy. In order to encourage users to adopt a participation strategy, the system sets a minimum dynamic incentive τ. For low-reputation users who deliberately create junk data traceability records, the system should withhold dynamic incentives and impose fines if necessary. The dynamic incentive allocation algorithm is as follows: Based on the analysis of the incentive mechanism, we can deduce the range of dynamic incentive τ that encourages users to adopt participation strategies. In order to encourage users to choose participation strategies, the system will set a minimum dynamic incentive τ. The formula is: τ>[r(k-1)+λ]ln(1+c)-px The system should set the minimum dynamic excitation τ, whose value is: Where x represents the proportion of users in the system who choose to participate in the strategy. For low-reputation users, the system should withhold dynamic incentives and impose penalties if necessary. When τ>0, τ will be set to zero (indicating no dynamic incentives); when τ<0, τ will be set to an appropriate value to impose a penalty. For honest users, the system calculates appropriate dynamic incentives to encourage them to participate. S303, incentive mechanism parameters, the parameters involved in the incentive mechanism include: Reputation level r: the user's reputation level for participating in the creation of data traceability records. A higher reputation level will encourage users to participate more in record creation. Dividend coefficient k: represents the ratio of the dividends a user receives from selling role-based NFTs to direct income; Balance level λ: represents the balance coefficient set by the system, which is used to balance the user reputation level and the quality of data traceability records; Dynamic incentive τ: used to encourage users to continue to participate in creating data traceability records when their income is insufficient (τ>0), and to punish low-reputation users who frequently create junk data traceability records (τ<0); Computing resource costs The computing resource costs incurred when users create data traceability records on the blockchain. S304. Profit calculation formula, scenario 1: User A and User B both participate in the creation of data traceability records. Their profits include direct profits and cooperative profits. The net profit formula is: rln(1+c)-θln(1+c)+wrln(1+c)+τ-φ Scenario 2: Only user A participates in creating data traceability records, and his benefits are: rln(1+c)-θln(1+c)+τ-φ User B's profit is: ωrln(1+c)+kxln(1+c)-p Scenario 3: User A and User B do not participate in creating data traceability records. Their benefits are: kr ln(1+c).

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