Ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and relates to an ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna which comprises a dielectric layer of a rectangular structure, a radiation layer arranged at the top of the dielectric layer and a floor layer arranged at the bottom of the dielectric layer. The radiation layer is of an axisymmetric structure and comprises a microstrip line of a rectangular structure and a first radiation patch of a circular structure. One end of the microstrip line is connected with one end of the first radiation patch, the other end of the microstrip line is vertically connected with the edge of the dielectric layer, and a gap is formed between the other end of the first radiation patch and the edge of the dielectric layer; the floor layer is partially overlapped with the microstrip line and is not overlapped with the first radiation patch; the floor layer is of a rectangular structure which is distributed in an axial symmetry manner relative to the microstrip line; and one long edge of the floor layer is overlapped with one edge of the dielectric layer. According to the invention, ultra wide band can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to an ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of modern communication technology, the requirements for antenna performance are becoming higher and higher. Traditional microstrip patch antennas have been widely used in wireless communications, radar, satellite communications and other fields due to their low cost, low profile, and easy integration.

[0003] In the prior art, there are many types of microstrip patch antennas.

[0004] However, the bandwidth of microstrip patch antennas is narrow and cannot meet the growing demand. Summary of the invention

[0005] Based on this, it is necessary to provide an ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna to achieve ultra-wideband in response to the above technical problems.

[0006] An ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna comprises: a dielectric layer of a rectangular structure, a radiation layer arranged on the top of the dielectric layer, and a floor layer arranged on the bottom of the dielectric layer;

[0007] The radiation layer is an axisymmetric structure, including: a microstrip line of a rectangular structure and a first radiation patch of a circular structure; one end of the microstrip line is connected to one end of the first radiation patch, the other end of the microstrip line is vertically connected to the edge of the dielectric layer, and there is a gap between the other end of the first radiation patch and the edge of the dielectric layer;

[0008] The floor layer partially overlaps with the microstrip line and does not overlap with the first radiation patch; the floor layer is a rectangular structure axially symmetrically distributed about the microstrip line; and one long side of the floor layer coincides with one side of the dielectric layer.

[0009] In one embodiment, the edge of the first radiation patch adjacent to the microstrip line is recessed away from the microstrip line to form two first grooves axially symmetrically distributed about the microstrip line;

[0010] The first groove is a strip structure of equal width, the length direction of the strip structure is parallel to the length direction of the microstrip line, and a short side of the strip structure is perpendicular to the parallel side of the strip structure.

[0011] In one embodiment, the radiation layer further comprises: two second radiation patches symmetrically distributed about the microstrip line axis;

[0012] The second radiation patch includes: a first side, a second side, and a third side which are connected end to end in sequence to form a closed figure;

[0013] The first side is arranged in parallel with one side of the dielectric layer and is tangent to the first radiation patch, the second side is arranged in parallel with another side of the dielectric layer, and the third side is an arc structure colinear with the edge of the first radiation patch.

[0014] In one embodiment, the first radiation patch is provided with two groups of second grooves symmetrically distributed about the microstrip line axis;

[0015] The second groove includes two or three strip-shaped gaps of unequal length but equal width, one corresponding end of the strip-shaped gap is connected to the edge of the first radiation patch, and the other corresponding end extends toward the symmetry axis of the radiation patch and has a gap with the symmetry axis.

[0016] In one embodiment, the second groove includes three strip-shaped band gaps of unequal lengths;

[0017] In the same group of second grooves, the lengths of the three strip-shaped band gaps gradually decrease in the direction toward the microstrip line, and the distance between any two adjacent strip-shaped band gaps gradually decreases in the direction toward the microstrip line.

[0018] In one embodiment, the second groove includes two strip-shaped band gaps of unequal lengths;

[0019] In the same group of second grooves, two strip-shaped band gaps are arranged in parallel with each other, and the length of the strip-shaped band gap far from the microstrip line is greater than the length of the strip-shaped band gap close to the microstrip line.

[0020] In one embodiment, the length of the long side of the strip-shaped band gap is 1.5 to 4.5 times the length of the short side of the strip-shaped band gap.

[0021] In one embodiment, the first radiation patch is provided with two third grooves symmetrically distributed about the microstrip line axis, and the third grooves are circular ring structures;

[0022] A fourth groove is provided on the first radiation patch and is symmetrically distributed about the microstrip line axis. The fourth groove is an equilateral triangle ring structure with one corner facing the direction of the microstrip line.

[0023] In one embodiment, a width of the third groove is greater than a width of the fourth groove.

[0024] In one embodiment, the medium layer is a square structure, and the length-to-width ratio of the floor layer is 9:7.

[0025] The above-mentioned ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna has a partial ground plane that can effectively adjust the electrical performance and radiation characteristics of the antenna, which not only optimizes the reflection area, but also reduces the back radiation, so that the antenna can work efficiently in a wider frequency band and has ultra-wideband performance. In addition, an indium tin oxide (ITO) film with a square resistance of 1Ω / sq can be used instead of a metal material as a conductive layer. The ITO film is a transparent conductive material that can ensure conductive properties while having excellent optical transmittance (up to 80% or more). It can not only achieve high transmittance of the antenna, but also increase the aesthetics of the antenna, meeting the needs of modern equipment for high-performance and high-value antennas, and can be widely used in transparent display screens, optical sensors, smart windows, new antennas and other fields. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna in one embodiment;

[0027] Figure 2 is a current diagram of the entire floor of an ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna at 3 GHz in one embodiment;

[0028] Figure 3 A current diagram of a portion of a floor of an ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna at 3 GHz in one embodiment;

[0029] Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing a comparison between a full floor and a partial floor of an ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna in one embodiment;

[0030] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a first groove on an ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna in one embodiment;

[0031] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a second radiating patch on an ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna in one embodiment;

[0032] Figure 7 A schematic diagram showing a comparison between an ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna having a first groove and having a second radiation patch when there is no second radiation patch in an embodiment;

[0033] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a second groove on an ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna in one embodiment;

[0034] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of another second groove on an ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna in an embodiment;

[0035] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of a third groove and a fourth groove on an ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna in an embodiment;

[0036] Fig.11 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of an ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna in a specific embodiment;

[0037] Fig.12 One of the dimension diagrams of an ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna in a specific embodiment;

[0038] Fig.13 FIG2 is a second dimension diagram of an ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna in a specific embodiment;

[0039] Fig.14 The third dimension diagram of an ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna in a specific embodiment;

[0040] Fig.15 is a schematic diagram S11 of an ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna in a specific embodiment;

[0041] Fig.16 is a simulated radiation pattern of an ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna at 2 GHz in a specific embodiment;

[0042] Fig.17 is a simulated radiation pattern of an ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna at 3 GHz in a specific embodiment;

[0043] Fig.18 is a simulated radiation pattern of an ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna at 4 GHz in a specific embodiment;

[0044] Fig.19 The figure is a gain diagram of an ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna in a specific embodiment.

[0045] Reference numerals:

[0046] Dielectric layer 1;

[0047] Radiation layer 2, microstrip line 21, first radiation patch 22, second radiation patch 23, first groove 24, second groove 25, third groove 26, fourth groove 27;

[0048] Floor layer 3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0050] It should be noted that all directional indications in the embodiments of the present application (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0051] In addition, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. in this application are only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of this application, "multiple groups" means at least two groups, such as two groups, three groups, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0052] In this application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connection", "fixation", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "fixation" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, a physical connection, or a wireless communication connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0053] In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the fact that ordinary technicians in the field can implement it. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by this application.

[0054] The present application provides an ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna, such as Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment, it includes: a dielectric layer, a radiation layer and a floor layer.

[0055] The dielectric layer is a rectangular structured carrier substrate, which provides support for the radiation layer and the floor layer.

[0056] The radiation layer is arranged on the top of the dielectric layer and is an axisymmetric structure, including: a microstrip line and a first radiation patch; the microstrip line is a rectangular structure, one end of which is connected to the first radiation patch, and the other end is vertically connected to the edge of the dielectric layer; the first radiation patch is a circular structure, one end of which is connected to the microstrip line, and there is a gap between the other end and the edge of the dielectric layer.

[0057] The floor layer is arranged at the bottom of the dielectric layer and is a rectangular structure axially symmetrically distributed about the microstrip line; the floor layer partially overlaps with the microstrip line and has no overlap with the first radiation patch, and one long side of the floor layer coincides with one side of the dielectric layer.

[0058] In this embodiment, if Figures 2 to 4 As shown, the circular first radiation patch is energized by using microstrip feed line technology, and the current passes through a part of the ground plane to improve the current flow direction on the first radiation patch to achieve ultra-wideband of the antenna.

[0059] The above-mentioned ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna has a partial ground plane that can effectively adjust the electrical performance and radiation characteristics of the antenna, which not only optimizes the reflection area, but also reduces the back radiation, so that the antenna can work efficiently in a wider frequency band and has ultra-wideband performance. In addition, an indium tin oxide (ITO) film with a square resistance of 1Ω / sq can be used instead of a metal material as a conductive layer. The ITO film is a transparent conductive material that can ensure conductive properties while having excellent optical transmittance (up to 80% or more). It can not only achieve high transmittance of the antenna, but also increase the aesthetics of the antenna, meeting the needs of modern equipment for high-performance and high-value antennas, and can be widely used in transparent display screens, optical sensors, smart windows, new antennas and other fields.

[0060] like Figure 5 As shown, preferably, the edge of the first radiation patch adjacent to the microstrip line is recessed away from the microstrip line to form two first grooves symmetrically distributed about the microstrip line; the first groove is a strip structure of equal width, the length direction of the strip structure is parallel to the length direction of the microstrip line, and a short side of the strip structure is perpendicular to the parallel side of the strip structure. The setting of the first groove forms an inserted feeding, and the feeding point is closer to the center, which can better match the input impedance, and the first groove is combined with the first radiation patch of the circular structure to increase the resonance point and expand the bandwidth.

[0061] like Figure 6 As shown, further preferably, the radiation layer also includes: two second radiation patches; the two second radiation patches are axially symmetrically distributed about the microstrip line; the second radiation patch includes: a first side, a second side and a third side that are sequentially connected end to end to form a closed figure; the first side is arranged in parallel with one side of the dielectric layer and is tangent to the first radiation patch, the second side is arranged in parallel with another side of the dielectric layer, and the third side is an arc structure that is colinear with the edge of the first radiation patch. The arrangement of the second radiation patch not only increases the area of ​​the radiation patch and extends the current path, thereby improving the radiation efficiency of the antenna, but also introduces a new resonance point, further realizing ultra-wideband performance, and the second radiation patch, together with the first radiation patch and the first groove, increases the resonance depth of the resonance point on the basis of increasing the resonance point, so that the matching performance is better and the gain of the point is higher, such as Figure 7 shown.

[0062] In one embodiment, the first radiation patch is provided with two groups of second grooves symmetrically distributed about the microstrip line axis; the second grooves include two or three strip-shaped band gaps of unequal length but equal width, one corresponding end of the strip-shaped band gap is connected to the edge of the first radiation patch, and the other corresponding end extends in the direction of the symmetry axis of the radiation patch and has a gap with the symmetry axis. The provision of the second grooves can optimize current distribution, adjust impedance matching, introduce additional resonance points, further achieve ultra-wideband performance, and improve radiation characteristics.

[0063] like Figure 8 As shown, preferably, the second groove includes three strip-shaped band gaps of unequal lengths; in the same group of second grooves, the lengths of the three strip-shaped band gaps gradually decrease in the direction toward the microstrip line, and the distance between any two adjacent strip-shaped band gaps gradually decreases in the direction toward the microstrip line. The above arrangement can further increase the bandwidth.

[0064] like Fig. 9 As shown, preferably, the second groove includes two strip-shaped band gaps of unequal lengths; in the same group of second grooves, the two strip-shaped band gaps are arranged in parallel with each other, and the length of the strip-shaped band gap away from the microstrip line is greater than the length of the strip-shaped band gap close to the microstrip line. The above arrangement can further increase the bandwidth.

[0065] Further preferably, the length of the long side of the strip band gap is 1.5 to 4.5 times the length of the short side of the strip band gap, so as to increase the resonance depth on the basis of further improving the bandwidth.

[0066] like Fig.10 As shown, in one embodiment, two third grooves are arranged symmetrically about the microstrip line axis on the first radiation patch, and the third grooves are circular ring structures; a fourth groove is arranged symmetrically about the microstrip line axis on the first radiation patch, and the fourth groove is an equilateral triangle ring structure with an angle facing the direction of the microstrip line. The arrangement of the third groove and the fourth groove can change the current path, disperse the current, and adjust the frequency band range and the center frequency (the characteristic impedance of the antenna can be changed by adjusting the radius of the third groove to achieve the generation of a specific resonance point; the current path can be changed by adjusting the distance between the two third grooves, and the position of the resonance point can be adjusted; by adjusting the height of the fourth groove, the current path between the gaps is changed, and the spacing between the dual resonance points can be adjusted).

[0067] Preferably, the width of the third groove is greater than the width of the fourth groove, and the inner radius of the third groove is equal to the inner ring side length of the fourth groove, so as to improve gain stability.

[0068] In one embodiment, the dielectric layer is a square structure, and the length-to-width ratio of the floor layer is 9:7, so as to further increase the resonance depth.

[0069] like Fig.11As shown, in a specific embodiment, the dielectric layer, the radiation layer and the floor layer are all made of non-metallic materials, wherein the dielectric layer adopts a high borosilicate glass dielectric substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.7 and a thickness of H=1.6 mm, and the radiation layer and the floor layer are made of indium tin oxide (Indium Tin Oxide, ITO) film. The specific size parameters are as follows Figure 12 to Figure 14 Dimensions shown and not shown may take any values.

[0070] The antenna in the above embodiment is simulated and analyzed using the three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation software CST Studio Suite, and the results are as follows.

[0071] like Fig.15 As shown in the figure, the simulation S11 result of the antenna. It can be seen that the reflection loss of the antenna in the 1.8-4.9GHz frequency band is less than -10dB, and the relative bandwidth exceeds the 25% specified by the FCC. It is an ultra-wideband antenna, and the maximum resonance depth reaches below -44dB, which has excellent performance.

[0072] like Figures 16 to 18 As shown in the figure, the antenna has simulated radiation patterns at 2GHz, 3GHz, and 4GHz in the frequency band. It can be seen that in the horizontal plane (theta = 0°), the antenna satisfies the omnidirectional characteristics of the unit pole antenna, and in the vertical plane, the antenna satisfies the "8"-shaped directional characteristics; when the frequency band gradually increases, the antenna's radiation pattern has a slight distortion, which is mainly caused by the geometric size of the antenna compared with the working wavelength.

[0073] like Fig.19 The figure shows the simulated gain diagram of the antenna. It can be seen that in the whole frequency band, the gain of the antenna is basically maintained at 1.5dBi, which is gain stable.

[0074] In summary, the present application combines the first radiation patch, the second radiation patch, the first groove, the second groove, the third groove and the fourth groove, adopts microstrip line feeding, and is grounded through part of the floor. The final size of the antenna is 45*44*1.6mm, which achieves miniaturization. The operating frequency range is 1.8-4.9GHz, and the reflection loss in the 1.8-4.9GHz frequency band is less than -10dB. The relative bandwidth reaches 92.53%, which meets the requirement that the ultra-wideband relative bandwidth accounts for more than 20% of the center frequency, and can achieve ultra-wideband. The gain after 1.9GHz in the entire band fluctuates at 1.5dBi, with stable performance, and the maximum resonance depth reaches below -44dB, showing excellent radiation characteristics and coverage performance. The overall design is in the shape of a kitten's head, with excellent light transmittance and aesthetics. It is an optically transparent antenna that combines ultra-wideband, high performance, high light transmittance, aesthetics, fun and small size, providing an ideal solution for modern communication equipment.

[0075] It should also be noted that the 1.8-4.9GHz frequency band has a wide range of application value in modern communication technology. This frequency band covers some of the LTE and 5G frequency bands in the field of mobile communications, supports high-speed data transmission and wide-area coverage, and can provide stable global coverage in satellite communications. At the same time, it is also used for distance measurement and ground monitoring in radar systems, with good penetration and long-distance detection capabilities. In addition, in the field of wireless local area networks (WLAN), especially the 2.4GHz frequency band, it can be used for wireless network connections in homes and enterprises, and also plays an important role in industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) applications, such as Bluetooth technology and wireless sensor networks.

[0076] The technical features of the above embodiments may be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0077] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present application, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be pointed out that, for a person of ordinary skill in the art, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. An ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna, characterized in that: include: A dielectric layer of a rectangular structure, a radiation layer disposed on the top of the dielectric layer, and a floor layer disposed on the bottom of the dielectric layer; The radiation layer is an axisymmetric structure, including: a microstrip line of a rectangular structure and a first radiation patch of a circular structure; one end of the microstrip line is connected to one end of the first radiation patch, the other end of the microstrip line is vertically connected to the edge of the dielectric layer, and there is a gap between the other end of the first radiation patch and the edge of the dielectric layer; The floor layer partially overlaps with the microstrip line and does not overlap with the first radiation patch; the floor layer is a rectangular structure axially symmetrically distributed about the microstrip line; and one long side of the floor layer coincides with one side of the dielectric layer.

2. The ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The edge of the first radiation patch adjacent to the microstrip line is recessed in a direction away from the microstrip line to form two first grooves axially symmetrically distributed about the microstrip line; The first groove is a strip structure of equal width, the length direction of the strip structure is parallel to the length direction of the microstrip line, and a short side of the strip structure is perpendicular to the parallel side of the strip structure.

3. The ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The radiation layer further comprises: two second radiation patches symmetrically distributed about the microstrip line axis; The second radiation patch includes: a first side, a second side, and a third side which are connected end to end in sequence to form a closed figure; The first side is arranged in parallel with one side of the dielectric layer and is tangent to the first radiation patch, the second side is arranged in parallel with another side of the dielectric layer, and the third side is an arc structure colinear with the edge of the first radiation patch.

4. An ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The first radiation patch is provided with two groups of second grooves symmetrically distributed about the microstrip line axis; The second groove includes two or three strip-shaped gaps of unequal length but equal width, one corresponding end of the strip-shaped gap is connected to the edge of the first radiation patch, and the other corresponding end extends toward the symmetry axis of the radiation patch and has a gap with the symmetry axis.

5. The ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: The second groove includes three strip-shaped band gaps of unequal lengths; In the same group of second grooves, the lengths of the three strip-shaped band gaps gradually decrease in the direction toward the microstrip line, and the distance between any two adjacent strip-shaped band gaps gradually decreases in the direction toward the microstrip line.

6. The ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: The second groove includes two strip-shaped band gaps of unequal lengths; In the same group of second grooves, two strip-shaped band gaps are arranged in parallel with each other, and the length of the strip-shaped band gap far from the microstrip line is greater than the length of the strip-shaped band gap close to the microstrip line.

7. The ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that: The length of the long side of the strip band gap is 1.5 to 4.5 times the length of the short side of the strip band gap.

8. An ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The first radiation patch is provided with two third grooves symmetrically distributed about the microstrip line axis, and the third grooves are in a circular ring structure; A fourth groove is provided on the first radiation patch and is symmetrically distributed about the microstrip line axis. The fourth groove is an equilateral triangle ring structure with one corner facing the direction of the microstrip line.

9. The ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that: The width of the third groove is greater than the width of the fourth groove.

10. An ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The medium layer is a square structure, and the length-to-width ratio of the floor layer is 9:7.

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