Spraying device capable of rotatably spraying out spraying liquid, absorbing device and application of spraying device and absorbing device

Abstract

The invention relates to a spraying device capable of rotationally spraying out spraying liquid, an absorption device and application of the absorption device. The spraying device can atomize spraying liquid, so that the gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency is improved, and the acid consumption is reduced. The spraying device comprises a spraying liquid inlet, a first spraying pipe in fluid communication with the spraying liquid inlet, and a plurality of second spraying pipes which are in fluid communication with the first spraying pipe, are perpendicular to the first spraying pipe and extend towards the two sides of the first spraying pipe. The third spraying pipes are in fluid communication with the second spraying pipes and extend towards the two sides of the second spraying pipes in the direction perpendicular to the second spraying pipes, and the nozzles are located at the tail ends of the third spraying pipes and are in fluid communication with the third spraying pipes. The two adjacent nozzles located on the same side of the second spraying pipe are configured to enable spraying liquid to be sprayed out in the same rotating direction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of gas absorption, and more specifically to a spraying device for rotatingly spraying a spray liquid, an absorption device and applications thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the process of generating corresponding nitriles by ammonia or ammoxidation, in order to convert the raw gas such as hydrocarbons as much as possible, the raw gas ammonia is generally excessive, that is, the molar ratio of ammonia to the raw gas hydrocarbon is greater than 1, such as in the ammoxidation of propylene, the ammonia ratio (ammonia to propylene molar ratio) is 1.10-1.35, and in the ammoxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons, the ammonia ratio (ammonia to aromatic hydrocarbon molar ratio) is 4-8, therefore, the reactor outlet tail gas must contain unreacted ammonia. On the one hand, such as in the acrylonitrile production process, acrylonitrile in the reaction gas is prone to polymerization under alkaline conditions, and on the other hand, even if a small amount of unreacted ammonia escapes, it is easy to cause environmental pollution. Therefore, in the ammonia or ammoxidation process, it is necessary to use an absorption device (generally referred to as an ammonia absorber or a quenching tower) to remove the unreacted ammonia in the gas phase with acid or water, and this process is very necessary.

[0003] With the development of production technology, production load is also increasing. Large-scale and large-scale equipment is the future development trend. The higher the load of the equipment, the larger the equipment including the absorption device. It is known that in the absorption device, the circulating liquid (spraying liquid) is spread in the absorption device through the spraying device, and is in reverse contact with the ammonia-containing gas to absorb, so as to remove the residual ammonia in the gas phase.

[0004] Patent CN105425849 removes the remaining ammonia by adjusting the amount of added acid according to the pH value of the effluent from the absorber; Patent CN1199940 improves the gas-liquid two-phase mass transfer and heat transfer effect by adding internal components at the bottom of the absorber, which is essentially to solve the problem of uniform distribution of the ammonia-containing gas phase. However, ammonia penetration will inevitably occur in the absorber, that is, a small amount of ammonia will still escape, resulting in product loss or environmental pollution in the subsequent refining and separation units.

[0005] Since the spray liquid in the prior art is sprayed in the same rotation direction, during the downward process of the spray liquid, the droplets formed by one spray liquid come into contact with the droplets formed by another spray liquid, causing the droplet particle size to increase, and the effective area of ​​gas-liquid contact is reduced, resulting in a decrease in the utilization rate of the acid, and at the same time, more ammonia escapes. Summary of the invention

[0006] The inventors of the present invention have found that this problem can be solved by, for example, controlling the rotational spraying directions of the spray liquids from two adjacent nozzles. The present invention has been completed based on this finding.

[0007] In a first embodiment, the present invention relates to a spraying device, comprising a spray liquid inlet, a first spray pipe fluidically connected to the spray liquid inlet, a plurality of second spray pipes fluidically connected to the first spray pipe and extending perpendicularly to the first spray pipe on both sides thereof, a plurality of third spray pipes fluidically connected to the second spray pipe and extending perpendicularly to the second spray pipe on both sides thereof, and a nozzle located at the end of the third spray pipe and fluidically connected thereto, wherein on at least one of the second spray pipes, two adjacent nozzles located on the same side of the second spray pipe are constructed so that the spray liquid is sprayed in the same rotation direction.

[0008] In a second embodiment, the present invention relates to an absorption device, comprising a shell and a plurality of spray devices layered inside the shell at predetermined vertical intervals along the central axis direction of the absorption device, wherein at least one of the spray devices is the spray device described in the first embodiment.

[0009] In other embodiments, the present invention also relates to the use of the spraying device or the absorption device in the production of nitrile.

[0010] Technical Effects

[0011] The spraying device according to the present invention improves the gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency and reduces the acid consumption.

[0012] According to the spraying device of the present invention, liquid droplets are not easily entrained by gas mist out of the ammonia absorption tower. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1A , Figure 1B It is a schematic diagram of the nozzle in the prior art in top view and front view.

[0014] Figure 2A , Figure 2B It is a top view schematic diagram and top view detail diagram of the spraying device of the prior art.

[0015] Figure 3A , Figure 3B It is a front view schematic diagram of the ammonia absorption tower of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 4 It is a front view schematic diagram of the ammonia absorption tower of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 5A It is a top view / front view schematic diagram of two rotation modes of the nozzle of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 5B Schematic diagram of a spraying device from top view.

[0019] Figure 5C It is a detail diagram of a top view schematic diagram of a spraying device of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 5D It is a detail diagram of a top view of another spraying device of the present invention.

[0021] Fig. 6A , Figure 6B It is a top view schematic diagram of the spraying device of the present invention.

[0022] Description of reference numerals:

[0023] 1: Ammonia absorption tower

[0024] 2: Ammonia absorber internals demister

[0025] 3: Spraying device for internal components of ammonia absorption tower, 3a-3f are spraying devices

[0026] 4: Gas distributor for internal components of ammonia absorber

[0027] 5: Spraying device for internal components of ammonia absorption tower, 5a-5b is the spraying device

[0028] 6: Upper circulation pump

[0029] 7: Lower circulation pump

[0030] 8: Ammonia-containing gas feed

[0031] 9: Gas phase discharge from ammonia absorption tower

[0032] 10: Rehydration in the upper part

[0033] 11: Discharge of wastewater from the lower section

[0034] 12: Discharge of ammonium salt solution from the upper section

[0035] 13: Lower circulating fluid

[0036] 14: Upper circulating fluid

[0037] 15: Acid solution

[0038] 16: Circulating fluid

[0039] 17: Circulation pump

[0040] 18: Spraying device inlet

[0041] 19: Spraying device first spray pipe

[0042] 20a, 20b: Second spray pipe of the spraying device

[0043] 21: The third spray pipe of the spray device

[0044] 22: Spraying device atomizing nozzle DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, but it should be pointed out that the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by these specific embodiments, but is determined by the claims in the appendix.

[0046] All publications, patent applications, patents and other references mentioned in this specification are incorporated herein by reference. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this specification have the meanings conventionally understood by those skilled in the art. In the event of a conflict, the definitions in this specification shall prevail.

[0047] When this specification uses the prefix "well-known to those skilled in the art", "prior art" or similar terms to introduce materials, substances, methods, steps, devices or components, etc., the objects introduced by the prefix cover those commonly used in the art when this application is filed, but also include those that are not commonly used at present but will become recognized in the art as being suitable for similar purposes.

[0048] In the context of this specification, by substantially it is meant a deviation of no more than 20%, preferably no more than 10% or 5%.

[0049] Unless otherwise specified, all percentages, parts, ratios, etc. mentioned in this specification are based on weight and pressure is gauge pressure.

[0050] In the context of this specification, any two or more embodiments of the present invention may be arbitrarily combined, and the technical solutions thus formed belong to part of the original disclosure of this specification and also fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0051] In the context of this specification, all technical details etc. not mentioned are directly applicable to relevant information known in the art.

[0052] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a spraying device is provided. According to the present invention, the spraying device is particularly suitable for use in a gas absorption device (especially an ammonia absorption device).

[0053] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the spray device includes a spray liquid inlet, a first spray pipe fluidically connected to the spray liquid inlet, a plurality of (e.g., 10-26, preferably 12-22) second spray pipes fluidically connected to the first spray pipe and extending perpendicularly to the first spray pipe on both sides thereof, a plurality of (e.g., 4-26, preferably 6-22) third spray pipes fluidically connected to the second spray pipe and extending perpendicularly to the second spray pipe on both sides thereof, and a nozzle located at the end of the third spray pipe and fluidically connected to it.

[0054] The present invention has no specific limitation on the connection method between the spray pipes and between the third spray pipe and the nozzle, and conventional connection methods in the art can be used. For example, fixed connection or detachable connection can be used, preferably threaded connection, or other detachable connection methods, which are not specifically limited.

[0055] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the spraying liquid is water or an acidic aqueous solution. Preferably, the ammonia-containing gas contacts the acidic aqueous solution as the spraying liquid from bottom to top in reverse from top to bottom, and the acidic H+ contained in the aqueous solution reacts with ammonia to remove the ammonia. Here, the acidic aqueous solution is an aqueous solution of an acidic substance. The acidic substance may be an inorganic acid, such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid; may also be an organic acid, such as acrylic acid, acetic acid; may also be an acidic salt, such as ammonium sulfate, without specific limitation.

[0056] According to the present invention, the droplet size of the spray liquid sprayed from the nozzle is very small, usually only 50-5000 microns, which can effectively play the gas absorption function, especially the ammonia removal function.

[0057] According to one embodiment of the present invention, on at least one (preferably all) of the second spray pipes, two adjacent (preferably all) nozzles located on the same side of the second spray pipe are constructed so that the spray liquid is sprayed in the same rotation direction. Usually, the spray liquid enters the rotating tower from the tangential direction of the nozzle, and forms a hollow cone with the nozzle outlet as the vertex after passing through the nozzle outlet. In order to ensure the uniformity of the spray liquid in the tower, the nozzle outlets of two adjacent nozzles are required to be equidistantly distributed in the cross section of the tower, that is, the spray liquid enters the nozzle in the same tangential direction. Therefore, the spray liquid on the same side of the second spray pipe is sprayed in the same rotation direction, while the spray liquid on the opposite sides of the second spray pipe is sprayed in the opposite rotation direction. In this way, after the spray liquid sprayed from the nozzles on the same second spray pipe intersects and collides, more droplets remain in their original state and move downward in the original direction of movement.

[0058] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the plurality of second spraying pipes extend substantially in parallel along a horizontal direction perpendicular to the first spraying pipe toward opposite sides thereof.

[0059] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the plurality of third spraying pipes extend substantially in parallel along a horizontal direction perpendicular to the second spraying pipe toward opposite sides thereof.

[0060] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the nozzle comprises a nozzle inlet, a rotating chamber and a nozzle outlet, wherein the rotating chamber is configured so that the spray liquid entering from the nozzle inlet leaves the nozzle outlet in a rotating manner after passing through the rotating chamber. According to the present invention, the rotating chamber can adopt any structure known in the art, as long as the spray liquid can leave the nozzle outlet in a rotating manner after passing through the rotating chamber, and there is no particular limitation.

[0061] According to one embodiment of the present invention, on at least one (preferably all) of the second spray pipes, at least one (preferably all) nozzles located on one side of the second spray pipe are configured to spray the spray liquid in a rotation direction A, and at least one (preferably all) nozzles located on the other side of the second spray pipe are configured to spray the spray liquid in a rotation direction B, wherein the rotation direction A is opposite to the rotation direction B.

[0062] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the rotation direction A is clockwise, and the rotation direction B is counterclockwise.

[0063] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, all nozzles on the opposite sides of two second spray pipes adjacent to each other are configured so that the spray liquid is sprayed in opposite rotation directions. Here, "adjacent to each other" means being on the same side of the first spray pipe and being adjacent to each other, and "opposite sides" means the sides of one second spray pipe and the other second spray pipe facing each other, such as Figure 5C After the spray liquids sprayed from the two adjacent nozzles of the second spray pipes adjacent to each other collide in their respective downward processes, the droplets can still maintain their original state and move downward, and the droplets are not easy to aggregate and grow larger, nor are they easy to break into smaller droplets.

[0064] According to one embodiment of the present invention, among all the nozzles of the spraying device, the number of nozzles spraying the spray liquid in the rotation direction A is equal to or substantially equal to the number of nozzles spraying the spray liquid in the rotation direction B. As can be seen from the above, the premise of uniform spraying is that the nozzles are evenly distributed in the tower, and usually preferably in an axisymmetric distribution mode. Therefore, the rotation directions of the nozzles appear in pairs in an axisymmetric manner. If the rotation directions of the paired nozzles are all in the same direction, it means that the rotation directions of all the nozzles are the same, which easily causes the spray liquid sprayed from two adjacent nozzles to collide with each other during the rotation and downward process, and the ammonia absorption efficiency is reduced due to the reduction of the total effective contact area with the gas ammonia.

[0065] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the inner diameter of the first spray pipe is 160-480 mm (preferably 200-450 mm), and the length is 4500-11500 mm (preferably 4800-10500 mm).

[0066] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the plurality of second spray pipes are the same as or different from each other, and each has an inner diameter independently of 30-150 mm (preferably 40-120 mm) and a length independently of 1200-5750 mm (preferably 1800-5250 mm).

[0067] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the plurality of third spray pipes are the same as or different from each other, and each independently has an inner diameter of 10-60 mm (preferably 15-50 mm) and a length of 160-325 mm (preferably 175-300 mm).

[0068] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the nozzles are the same or different from each other, the inner diameter (referring to the nozzle outlet) is independently 3-20 mm (preferably 6-14 mm), and the diameter of the rotation chamber is independently 10.0-55.0 mm (preferably 13.0-45.0 mm).

[0069] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the spraying liquid spraying amount is independently 0.5-7.5 t / h (preferably 0.9-6.5 t / h), and the spraying angle is independently 65-120° (preferably 70-100°).

[0070] According to one embodiment of the present invention, on the first spray pipe, the horizontal distance between two adjacent second spray pipes is 640-1300 mm (preferably 700-1200 mm).

[0071] According to one embodiment of the present invention, on the same second spraying pipe, the horizontal distance between two adjacent third spraying pipes is 320-650 mm (preferably 350-600 mm).

[0072] According to one embodiment of the present invention, on two adjacent second spray pipes, the straight-line distance M (e.g., Fig. 6A , Figure 6BThe distance between the ends of the two spray pipes is not less than 320 mm, preferably not less than 350 mm. The inventors of the present invention have found that in order to improve the ammonia absorption efficiency, generally at any position on the cross section of the tower, there are at least two or more conical liquid surfaces formed with the nozzle as the center, including the tower wall. If the distance between the ends of the two spray pipes is too large, it is difficult to meet the overlap of the liquid surfaces sprayed by more than two nozzles at any position on the tower wall due to the limitation of the nozzle structure, which increases the probability of ammonia escaping from the "gap". If the distance between the ends of the two spray pipes is too small, in order to ensure the atomization quality of the spray liquid, the amount of circulating liquid in the ammonia absorption tower will inevitably increase, that is, the energy consumption of the pump will increase.

[0073] According to one embodiment of the present invention, it also relates to an absorption device, in particular an ammonia absorption tower or a quenching tower.

[0074] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the absorption device includes a shell and a plurality of (for example, 2-10, preferably 4-8) spraying devices arranged in layers inside the shell at a predetermined vertical interval along the central axis direction of the absorption device, wherein at least one of the spraying devices is the spraying device described in any one of the previous embodiments of this specification.

[0075] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the absorption device comprises two spray devices as described in any one of the foregoing embodiments of the present specification, and when the absorption device is cross-sectioned in a direction perpendicular to the central axis of the absorption device to obtain a cross section, the projections of at least one (preferably all) of the first spray pipe, the second spray pipe and the third spray pipe of the other spray device on the cross section substantially coincide.

[0076] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the projections of all nozzles of the one spraying device and the other spraying device on the cross section are substantially overlapped. The inventor of the present invention found that the multiple spraying devices in the absorption device are both relatively independent individuals and an organic whole. The circulating liquid is transported to the nozzles of each spraying device through the first spraying pipe, the second spraying pipe, and the third spraying pipe of each spraying device, and a hollow conical liquid surface is formed with the nozzle as the center. The gas contacts the circulating liquid in reverse. The gas can only contact the conical liquid surface formed by the upper spraying device after passing through the conical liquid surface formed by the lower spraying device. At the moment when the gas passes through the conical liquid surface, the ammonia in the gas reacts with the acid in the liquid. As the ammonia-containing gas passes through the multiple hollow conical liquid surfaces of the multiple spraying devices, it is finally completely neutralized by the acid in the circulating liquid. The hollow conical liquid surfaces of the upper and lower spraying devices can be regarded as a gas rising channel. Since each section is required to have an independent liquid phase circulation spraying device, the rising gas channel has a certain height. The projections of at least one (preferably all) of the first spray pipe, the second spray pipe and the third spray pipe on the cross section are basically overlapped, that is, the projections of the nozzles (cone centers) of each layer on the cross section are overlapped, so that ammonia is evenly distributed in the gas channel. If the projections of the nozzles of the upper layer and the nozzles of the lower layer on the cross section do not overlap, since the hollow cone liquid levels of the upper and lower layers are not in the same position, the gas channel of the rising gas is changed. After the rising gas passes through the gas channel, there is a problem of uneven gas distribution between the gas channels, which reduces the ammonia absorption effect.

[0077] According to one embodiment of the present invention, two nozzles whose projections basically overlap have the same rotation direction of the spray liquid. When the spray liquids sprayed from the nozzles of the two spray devices whose projections overlap collide downward, the droplet states of each nozzle are different. Relatively speaking, the two nozzles whose projections overlap but whose rotation directions are opposite are more likely to cause the droplets to break into several small droplets than the two nozzles with the same rotation direction. If the droplets are too small, they are easily entrained by the gas and escape.

[0078] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the two nozzles whose projections substantially overlap have the same spray diameter.

[0079] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the vertical spacing between two adjacent spraying devices (measured by the vertical spacing of the spraying liquid inlet of the spraying device) is 650-1350mm (preferably 750-1200mm). The inventor of the present invention found that when the vertical spacing between two adjacent spraying devices is less than 650mm, for an ammonia absorption tower with the same number of spraying devices, due to the insufficient contact time between the rising ammonia-containing gas and the descending circulating liquid, part of the ammonia in the gas phase directly passes through the hollow conical liquid surface formed by the circulating liquid, resulting in poor ammonia absorption efficiency. Although sufficient gas-liquid contact time can be met by increasing the number of spraying devices to achieve complete absorption of ammonia in the gas phase, the total amount of circulating liquid will be increased, and the energy consumption of the pump will be increased, which is obviously uneconomical. When the vertical spacing between two adjacent spraying devices is greater than 1350mm, in the case of the same spraying device, the height of the tower will increase, that is, the equipment investment cost will increase, and in addition, the difficulty of maintenance and repair will be increased.

[0080] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the inner diameter of the absorption device is 4.5-11.5 m (preferably 4.8-10.5 m).

[0081] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a nitrile production device is also provided, which includes a reactor and an absorption device.

[0082] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the reactor is configured to subject the hydrocarbon feedstock to an ammoxidation reaction to produce a reaction product containing nitrile, and the absorption device is configured to spray a spray liquid onto the reaction product through a spray device disposed therein to cool the reaction product.

[0083] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the spraying device is the spraying device described in any one of the foregoing embodiments of this specification or the absorption device is the absorption device described in any one of the foregoing embodiments of this specification.

[0084] According to one embodiment of the present invention, it also relates to a method for producing nitrile, which includes a step of subjecting a hydrocarbon raw material to an ammoxidation reaction to produce a reaction product containing nitrile (referred to as a reaction step), and a step of spraying a spray liquid onto the reaction product to cool the reaction product (referred to as a cooling step).

[0085] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in the cooling step, the spraying liquid is sprayed onto the reaction product using the spraying device described in any one of the foregoing embodiments of this specification or in the absorption device described in any one of the foregoing embodiments of this specification.

[0086] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in the cooling step, the spraying liquid contacts the reaction product in a countercurrent manner.

[0087] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in the cooling step, the flow ratio of the spraying liquid to the reaction product is 15-25:1.

[0088] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in the reaction step, the hydrocarbon feedstock is propylene, the molar ratio of propylene / ammonia / air (in terms of molecular oxygen) is 1:1.1-1.3:1.8-2.0, the reaction temperature is 420-440°C, the reaction pressure (gauge pressure) is 0.03-0.14 MPa, and the catalyst weight hourly space velocity is 0.06-0.15 h -1 , or, or the hydrocarbon raw material is isobutylene, the molar ratio of isobutylene / ammonia / air (in terms of molecular oxygen) is 1:1.3-1.6:2.2-2.8, the reaction temperature is 395-420°C, the reaction pressure (gauge pressure) is 0.03-0.14MPa, and the catalyst weight hourly space velocity is 0.08-0.17h -1 .

[0089] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in the cooling step, the spraying liquid cools the temperature of the reaction product from 425-445°C (or 390-420°C) to 81-86°C (or 87-95°C).

[0090] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in the cooling step, the spraying liquid reduces the ammonia content of the reaction product to below 150 ppm.

[0091] A specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0092] like Figure 3B As shown, according to the present invention, the reaction gas with a temperature of 440°C and unreacted ammonia enter the ammonia absorption tower 1 from the ammonia-containing gas feed port 8, the circulating liquid is extracted from the upper section and sent to the spraying device 3a-spraying device 3d through the circulating pump 6, sulfuric acid is added to the circulating pump outlet pipeline from the acid solution port 15, the circulating liquid passes through the spraying device 3, enters from the inlet 14 of the spraying device 3, and passes through the first spraying pipe 19, the second spraying pipe 20a (20b), and the third spraying pipe 21 to the atomizing nozzle 22 along the fluid direction, and the atomizing nozzle rotates to the left: the right rotation is 1:1. The circulating liquid sprayed from the nozzle 22 forms an acid mist liquid layer in the ammonia absorption tower, absorbs the gaseous ammonia from the gas feed port 8, and the tail gas is discharged from the ammonia absorption tower from the gas phase discharge port 9. The tail gas temperature at the top of the tower is 84°C. The projections of the ends of the third spraying pipes of the spraying devices 3a-3d overlap on the cross section of the tower. The schematic diagram of the nozzle (nozzle) structure of the spraying device and the top view of the spraying device are shown in FIG. Figure 5A , Figure 5B shown.

[0093] Example

[0094] The present invention is further described in detail below using examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[0095] Example 1

[0096] Ammonia absorption tower Figure 3B The two-stage structure has an inner diameter of 7200mm. The acid added to the circulating liquid is sulfuric acid. The acid-containing circulating liquid is sent to the absorption tower through the upper circulating pump and 4 spraying devices. Figure 5B , the spraying device top view details as shown Figure 5C As shown in the schematic diagram, each spray device has 16 second spray pipes, and the second spray pipes are provided with 11 to 18 third spray pipes. The projections of the third spray ends of the spray devices overlap and rotate in the same direction, all the nozzles on the same side of the second spray pipe rotate in the same direction, the nozzles on the opposite sides of the second spray pipe rotate in opposite directions, and all the nozzles on the opposite sides of the two adjacent second spray pipes rotate in opposite directions, and the number of nozzles with the same rotation chamber direction is 480 and 480 respectively. The vertical spacing between two adjacent spraying devices is 950mm; the inner diameter of the first spraying pipe of the spraying device is 250mm, and the length of the first spraying pipe is 7000mm; the inner diameter of the second spraying pipe of the spraying device is 100mm, the length of the second spraying pipe is 2100mm-3450mm, and the spacing between adjacent second spraying pipes is 800mm; the inner diameter of the third spraying pipe of the spraying device is 40mm, the length of the third spraying pipe is 200mm, and the spacing between adjacent third spraying pipes is 400mm; the nozzle outlet diameter of the spraying device is 11.5mm, the nozzle rotation chamber diameter is 40mm, the spraying angle is 75°, the spraying liquid spraying amount of each nozzle is 4.8t / h, and the weight ratio of the spraying liquid to the reaction gas entering from the gas inlet is 20. The residual ammonia concentration of the tail gas at the reaction outlet is 41ppm.

[0097] Example 2

[0098] Ammonia absorption tower Figure 4 The one-stage structure has an inner diameter of 7200 mm. The acid added to the circulating liquid is sulfuric acid. The acid-containing circulating liquid is sent to the absorption tower through the upper circulating pump and 5 spraying devices. Figure 5B , the spraying device top view details as shown Figure 5CAs shown in the schematic diagram, each spraying device has 16 second spraying pipes, and the second spraying pipes are provided with 11 to 18 third spraying pipes. The projections of the third spraying ends of the spraying devices overlap and rotate in the same direction. All the nozzles on the same side of the second spraying pipe rotate in the same direction, and the nozzles on the opposite sides of the second spraying pipe rotate in opposite directions. Moreover, all the nozzles on the opposite sides of the two adjacent second spraying pipes rotate in opposite directions, and the number of nozzles with the same rotation direction is 600 and 600 respectively. The vertical spacing between two adjacent spraying devices is 920mm, the inner diameter of the first spraying pipe of the spraying device is 220mm, and the length is 7000mm; the inner diameter of the second spraying pipe of the spraying device is 100mm, the length is 2100mm-3450mm, and the spacing between adjacent second spraying pipes is 800mm; the inner diameter of the third spraying pipe of the spraying device is 40mm, the length is 200mm, and the spacing between adjacent third spraying pipes is 400mm; the nozzle outlet diameter of the spraying device is 11.1mm, the nozzle rotation chamber diameter is 40mm, the spraying angle is 78°, the spraying liquid spraying amount of each nozzle is 3.8t / h, and the weight ratio of the spraying liquid to the reaction gas entering from the gas inlet is 20. The residual ammonia concentration of the tail gas at the reaction outlet is 34ppm.

[0099] Example 3

[0100] The same as Example 2, except that the nozzles on the opposite sides of the 8 second spray pipes on each spray device rotate in opposite directions, and the nozzles on the opposite sides of the other 8 second spray pipes rotate in the same direction. The tail gas residual concentration at the reaction outlet is 90 ppm.

[0101] Example 4

[0102] As in Example 2, the distance between adjacent third spray pipes is 300 mm, and the distance between the ends of two adjacent third spray pipes as shown in Figure 6A is 300 mm. The residual ammonia concentration of the tail gas at the reaction outlet is 76 ppm.

[0103] Example 5

[0104] The same as Example 2, except that two adjacent third spray pipes are as follows Figure 6B The terminal distance shown is 565 mm. The residual ammonia concentration of the tail gas from the reaction outlet is 105 ppm.

[0105] Example 6

[0106] The same as Example 2, except that the vertical spacing between two adjacent spraying devices is 550 mm, the spacing between the third spraying pipes of the spraying devices is 500 mm, and the spacing between two adjacent third spraying pipes is 500 mm. Figure 6B The terminal distance shown is 707 mm; the residual ammonia concentration in the tail gas from the reaction outlet is 120 ppm.

[0107] Example 7

[0108] The same as embodiment 2, except that all nozzles on the opposite sides of two adjacent second spray pipes rotate in the same direction. The top view of the spray device is as follows: Figure 5D As shown in the schematic diagram, the residual ammonia concentration of the tail gas at the reaction outlet is 100ppm.

[0109] Example 8

[0110] The same as embodiment 2, except that the projections of all nozzles of the one spraying device and the other spraying device on the cross section are staggered (non-overlapping). The residual concentration of tail gas from the reaction outlet is 78 ppm.

[0111] Example 9

[0112] The same as Example 2, except that the two nozzles whose projections are substantially overlapped spray liquid in opposite directions. The residual concentration of tail gas at the reaction outlet is 85 ppm.

[0113] Example 10

[0114] The same as Example 1, except that the rotation chamber directions of all nozzles of the spraying device are all the same, and the residual ammonia concentration of the tail gas from the reaction outlet is 169 ppm.

[0115] Comparative Example 1

[0116] The same as Example 2, except that the rotation chambers of any two adjacent nozzles on the same side of the second spray pipe are in opposite directions. The residual ammonia concentration of the tail gas at the reaction outlet is 194 ppm.

[0117] Comparative Example 2

[0118] Same as Example 1, except that all nozzles of the spraying device are used Figure 1A , Figure 1B The structural form has a residual ammonia concentration of 212ppm in the tail gas from the reaction outlet.

Claims

1. A spraying device, comprising a spray liquid inlet, a first spray pipe connected to the spray liquid inlet fluid, a plurality of (e.g., 10-26, preferably 12-22) second spray pipes connected to the first spray pipe fluid and extending perpendicularly to the first spray pipe to both sides thereof, a plurality of (e.g., 4-26, preferably 6-22) third spray pipes connected to the second spray pipe fluid and extending perpendicularly to the second spray pipe to both sides thereof, and a nozzle located at the end of the third spray pipe and connected to the fluid, wherein on at least one (preferably all) of the second spray pipes, two adjacent (preferably all) nozzles located on the same side of the second spray pipe are constructed so that the spray liquid is sprayed in the same rotation direction.

2. The spraying device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of second spraying pipes extend perpendicularly to the first spraying pipe and substantially parallel to opposite sides thereof in a horizontal direction, and / or the plurality of third spraying pipes extend perpendicularly to the second spraying pipe and substantially parallel to opposite sides thereof in a horizontal direction, and / or all nozzles on opposite sides of two adjacent second spraying pipes arranged side by side are constructed so that the spraying liquid is sprayed in opposite rotation directions.

3. The spraying device of claim 1, wherein the nozzle comprises a nozzle inlet, a rotation chamber, and a nozzle outlet, wherein the rotation chamber is configured such that the spraying liquid entering from the nozzle inlet leaves the nozzle outlet in a rotating manner after passing through the rotation chamber.

4. The spraying device of claim 1, wherein on at least one (preferably all) of the second spray pipes, at least one (preferably all) nozzles located on one side of the second spray pipe are configured to spray the spray liquid in a rotation direction A, and at least one (preferably all) nozzles located on the other side of the second spray pipe are configured to spray the spray liquid in a rotation direction B, wherein the rotation direction A is opposite to the rotation direction B.

5. The spray device of claim 4, wherein the rotation direction A is clockwise and the rotation direction B is counterclockwise.

6. The spray device of claim 4, wherein among all the nozzles of the spray device, the number of nozzles spraying the spray liquid in the rotation direction A is equal to or substantially equal to the number of nozzles spraying the spray liquid in the rotation direction B.

7. The spraying device of claim 1, wherein the inner diameter of the first spray pipe is 160-480 mm (preferably 200-450 mm) and the length is 4500-11500 mm (preferably 4800-10500 mm), and / or the plurality of second spray pipes are the same or different from each other, and the inner diameters are independently 30-150 mm (preferably 40-120 mm) and the lengths are independently 1200-5750 mm (preferably 1800-5250 mm), and / or the plurality of third spray pipes are the same or different from each other, and the inner diameters are independently 10-60 mm (preferably 15-50 mm) and the lengths are independently 160-325 mm (preferably 175-300 mm).

8. The spraying device of claim 1, wherein the nozzles are the same or different from each other, the inner diameter (referring to the nozzle outlet) is independently 3-20 mm (preferably 6-14 mm), the diameter of the rotating chamber is independently 10.0-55.0 mm (preferably 13.0-45.0 mm), the spray liquid spray volume is independently 0.5-7.5 t / h (preferably 0.9-6.5 t / h), and the spraying angle is independently 65-120° (preferably 70-100°).

9. The spraying device of claim 1, wherein on the first spray pipe, the horizontal spacing between two adjacent second spray pipes is 640-1300 mm (preferably 700-1200 mm), and / or, on the same second spray pipe, the horizontal spacing between two adjacent third spray pipes is 320-650 mm (preferably 350-600 mm), and / or, on two adjacent second spray pipes, the straight-line distance M between the end of any third spray pipe on one second spray pipe and the end of any third spray pipe on another adjacent second spray pipe is not less than 320 mm (preferably not less than 350 mm).

10. An absorption device, comprising a shell and a plurality of (e.g., 2-10, preferably 4-8) spraying devices arranged in layers inside the shell at predetermined vertical intervals along the central axis direction of the absorption device, wherein at least one of the spraying devices is the spraying device described in claim 1.

11. The absorption device according to claim 10 comprises two spray devices according to claim 1, and when the absorption device is cut across in a direction perpendicular to the central axis of the absorption device to obtain a cross section, the projections of at least one (preferably all) of the first spray pipe, the second spray pipe and the third spray pipe of one of the spray devices and the other spray device on the cross section substantially coincide.

12. The absorption device of claim 11, wherein the projections of all nozzles of the one spraying device and the other spraying device on the cross section substantially overlap, and / or the two nozzles whose projections substantially overlap have the same spray liquid rotation direction, and / or the two nozzles whose projections substantially overlap have the same spray diameter.

13. The absorption device according to claim 10, wherein the vertical spacing between two adjacent spraying devices (measured by the vertical spacing of the spraying liquid inlets of the spraying devices) is 650-1350 mm (preferably 750-1200 mm), and / or the inner diameter of the absorption device is 4.5-11.5 m (preferably 4.8-10.5 m).

14. A device for producing nitrile, comprising a reactor and an absorber, wherein the reactor is configured to cause ammoxidation of a hydrocarbon feedstock to produce a reaction product containing nitrile, and the absorber is configured to spray a spray liquid onto the reaction product through a sprayer arranged therein to cool the reaction product, wherein the sprayer is the sprayer according to claim 1 or the absorber is the absorber according to claim 10.

15. A method for producing nitrile, comprising a step of subjecting a hydrocarbon feedstock to an ammoxidation reaction to produce a reaction product containing nitrile (referred to as a reaction step), and a step of spraying a spray liquid onto the reaction product to cool the reaction product (referred to as a cooling step), wherein the spray liquid is sprayed onto the reaction product using the spray device described in claim 1 or in the absorption device described in claim 10.

16. The production method according to claim 15, wherein in the cooling step, the spraying liquid contacts the reaction product in a countercurrent manner.

17. The manufacturing method according to claim 15, wherein in the cooling step, the mass flow ratio of the spraying liquid to the reaction product is 15-25:

1.

18. The production method according to claim 15, wherein in the reaction step, the hydrocarbon feedstock is propylene, the molar ratio of propylene / ammonia / air (in terms of molecular oxygen) is 1:1.1-1.3:1.8-2.0, the reaction temperature is 420-440°C, the reaction pressure (gauge pressure) is 0.03-0.14 MPa, and the catalyst weight hourly space velocity is 0.06-0.15 h -1 , or, or the hydrocarbon raw material is isobutylene, the molar ratio of isobutylene / ammonia / air (in terms of molecular oxygen) is 1:1.3-1.6:2.2-2.8, the reaction temperature is 395-420°C, the reaction pressure (gauge pressure) is 0.03-0.14MPa, and the catalyst weight hourly space velocity is 0.08-0.17h -1 .

19. The manufacturing method of claim 15, wherein in the cooling step, the spraying liquid cools the temperature of the reaction product from 425-445°C (or 390-420°C) to 81-86°C (or 87-95°C), and / or, in the cooling step, the spraying liquid reduces the ammonia content of the reaction product to below 150 ppm.

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