Intercropping mode for relieving corn southern rust disease

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant disease ecology, and particularly discloses an intercropping mode for relieving corn southern rust disease. Different corn varieties and different pepper varieties are selected, for spring-planted peppers, positions are reserved when winter wheat is planted in the previous year, pepper seedlings are transplanted in May of the next year, and corn with the sowing time 1 is planted; after the wheat is harvested, summer-planted pepper is transplanted, and corn with the sowing time 2 is planted; performing statistical determination on the diseased plant rate, diseased leaf rate and disease index of the corn southern rust disease in the intercropping mode in a corn filling stage; selecting an optimal intercropping mode through measured data; in a harvesting period, respectively counting the yields of the corns and the peppers; other planting management methods of corn in the intercropping mode are the same as those of single-cropping corn, and other planting management methods of pepper in the intercropping mode are the same as those of single-cropping pepper. According to the intercropping mode, the morbidity of the corn southern rust disease can be effectively relieved, meanwhile, the yield can be increased, and therefore the economic benefits of strip-shaped compound planting can be remarkably increased.

Description

1. Technical field:

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of plant disease ecology, and in particular relates to an intercropping pattern for alleviating southern corn rust. 2. Background technology:

[0002] Southern corn rust is a fungal disease caused by multiple piles of rust fungi, which damages corn leaves by accumulating on the surface of corn leaves, causing disease in corn sheaths and ears, affecting corn photosynthesis and grain filling and maturation, causing shriveled grains, premature aging of plants, and whole plant dryness, which in turn leads to reduced corn quality and yield. The disease is widely spread in the summer corn areas of the Huanghuaihai region and southern corn-growing areas, with an annual incidence area of ​​more than 5 million hectares nationwide, posing a serious threat to corn production and national food security.

[0003] As one of the main summer corn producing areas in the Huanghuaihai region, Henan's high temperature and high humidity environment is extremely conducive to the occurrence and spread of southern corn rust. The annual incidence rate is about 30 million mu, accounting for more than 50% of the total planted area, seriously affecting corn production and national food security.

[0004] At present, the measures to prevent and control southern rust mainly include: strengthening water and fertilizer management, chemical control, "corn +" intercropping, etc. Among them, the "corn +" intercropping model refers to a new planting model that simultaneously plants corn and other crops (such as soybeans, peppers, etc.) on the same piece of land. This planting model can improve land utilization, improve soil fertility, reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, improve crop disease resistance, and increase crop yields and economic benefits. Among them, intercropping corn and peppers can not only make full use of land and light and heat resources, but also use the tall corn plants to shade the peppers and prevent sunburn.

[0005] There are reports both at home and abroad on the research of intercropping corn with other crops to control corn diseases. There have been studies of varying degrees in the past two decades. For example, intercropping corn with other crops can improve corn disease resistance (Du et al., 2024; Glaze-Corcoran et al., 2020; Ma Xiaohui et al., 2022).

[0006] Henan Province is an important agricultural province in China, known as the "Central Plains Granary". Its autumn grain production ranks first in the country, and its corn and pepper planting areas and production are both at the forefront of the country. At present, most of the intercropping patterns of corn and pepper are mainly peppers, and only one row of corn is planted to shade the peppers, which cannot meet the balance of food crops and cash crops. Therefore, it is very important to find an intercropping pattern that can effectively alleviate corn southern rust. In view of this, the present invention is specially proposed. 3. Summary of the invention:

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: in view of the technical problem that the existing intercropping mode of corn and pepper cannot meet the balance between food crops and cash crops, the present invention provides a new intercropping mode for alleviating southern corn rust. The intercropping mode of the present invention can effectively alleviate the incidence of southern corn rust and increase the yield at the same time, thereby significantly improving the economic benefits of strip composite planting.

[0008] In order to solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0009] The present invention provides an intercropping pattern for alleviating southern corn rust, and the intercropping pattern comprises the following steps:

[0010] 1) Select Huangjinliang MY73 or Zhongkeyu 505 as corn varieties, and select Jiaoyu 18, Zaofeng 1 or Hangjiao 3 as pepper varieties;

[0011] 2) For spring peppers, leave space when planting winter wheat in the previous year, transplant the cultivated pepper seedlings in May of the following year, and plant corn with a sowing date of 1;

[0012] 3) After wheat is harvested, summer peppers are transplanted and corn with a sowing date of 2 is planted;

[0013] 4) During the grain filling period of corn (when the southern rust of corn is stable), statistical determination of the diseased plant rate, diseased leaf rate and disease index of southern rust of corn under the intercropping pattern was carried out; the optimal intercropping pattern was selected based on the measured data;

[0014] 5) During the harvest period, the yields of corn and pepper were counted separately;

[0015] 6) Other planting and management methods for corn under intercropping mode are the same as those for single-cropping corn, and other planting and management methods for pepper under intercropping mode are the same as those for single-cropping pepper.

[0016] According to the above intercropping pattern for alleviating southern corn rust, the sowing date of the sowing period 1 in step 2) is from May 20 to May 25.

[0017] According to the above intercropping pattern for alleviating southern corn rust, when the pepper seedlings described in step 2) are transplanted and corn with sowing period 1 is planted, the row ratio configuration between the corn variety and the pepper variety is set to 2:4, 3:4 or 4:6.

[0018] According to the above-mentioned intercropping pattern for alleviating southern rust of corn, the row spacing between corn and pepper is set to 110 cm, 85 cm or 60 cm.

[0019] According to the above intercropping pattern for alleviating southern corn rust, the sowing date of sowing period 2 in step 3) is June 1 to June 7.

[0020] According to the above intercropping pattern for alleviating southern corn rust, when the summer peppers are transplanted and corn with sowing date 2 is planted in step 3), the row ratio configuration between the corn varieties and the pepper varieties is set to 2:4, 3:4 or 4:6.

[0021] According to the above-mentioned intercropping pattern for alleviating southern rust of corn, the row spacing between corn and pepper is set to 110 cm, 85 cm or 60 cm.

[0022] According to the above intercropping pattern for alleviating southern corn rust, when performing statistical determination as described in step 4), 5 points are randomly surveyed for each treatment, 10 plants are randomly selected at each point, the number of diseased plants, the number of plant leaves, the number of diseased leaves and the area of ​​leaf lesions are investigated, and the diseased plant rate, diseased leaf rate and disease index are calculated.

[0023] According to the above intercropping pattern to alleviate southern corn rust,

[0024] Disease rate = (number of diseased plants in each treatment / total number of plants investigated in each treatment) × 100%;

[0025] Diseased leaf rate = (number of diseased leaves per plant / number of effective leaves per plant) × 100%;

[0026]

[0027] According to the above intercropping pattern for alleviating southern corn rust, the grading standards for the corresponding levels of southern corn rust are:

[0028] Level 0: No disease spots on the leaves of the whole plant;

[0029] Level 1: There are sporadic lesions on the leaves of the plant, i.e. the lesion area accounts for less than 5% of the total leaf area;

[0030] Level 3: The leaves of the plant have a small number of lesions, i.e. the lesion area accounts for 6-25% of the total leaf area;

[0031] Level 5: The leaves of the plant have moderate lesions, i.e. the lesion area accounts for 26-50% of the total leaf area;

[0032] Level 7: The leaves of the plant have a large number of lesions, that is, the area of ​​lesions accounts for 51-75% of the total leaf area;

[0033] Level 9: The leaves of the plant have a large number of lesions, that is, the area of ​​lesions accounts for more than 76% of the total leaf area, and some leaves are dry. The upper leaves have a large number of lesions and a few are dry.

[0034] In the technical scheme of the present invention, the selected Huangjinliang MY73 is provided by Henan Yuyu Seed Co., Ltd., Zhongkeyu 505 is provided by Beijing Lianchuang Seed Co., Ltd., Jiaoyu 18 is provided by Henan Qingyu Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., Zaofeng No. 1 is provided by the Vegetable Research Institute of Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and Hangjiao No. 3 is provided by Tianshui Lvpeng Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. Among them, the peppers are all pepper seedlings independently cultivated using seeds.

[0035] In the intercropping planting process, after the southern rust of corn is stable, the SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter (Minolta, Japan) is used to randomly select 10 corns from each planting mode to measure the relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) of the ear leaves. At the harvest time, the yield of corn and pepper in the intercropping mode is measured respectively, and 2-meter double-row corn is taken from each planting mode for testing, and the yield components (ear length, ear thickness, bald tip length, ear row number, row number of grains, and 100-grain weight) are investigated and measured, and the yield is calculated according to 14% grain moisture content. 5-meter double-row peppers are taken from each planting mode for testing, and the single fruit weight and the number of fruits per plant of peppers are investigated to calculate the pepper yield.

[0036] The positive beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0037] 1. The intercropping mode of the present invention can effectively alleviate the incidence of southern corn rust and increase the yield, thereby significantly improving the economic benefits of strip composite planting.

[0038] 2. In the face of the growing demand for stable food production and national food security, the present invention reduces the incidence of southern corn rust through a new intercropping (interplanting) pattern of corn and pepper, which is an important way to ensure my country's food security and sustainable agricultural development. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop and promote a new intercropping (interplanting) pattern of corn and pepper.

[0039] 3. Through the corn-pepper intercropping model of the present invention, the ventilation and light transmission capacity of the corn population can be improved, the incidence of southern corn rust can be reduced, and the impact of southern corn rust on corn leaf photosynthesis and yield can be alleviated.

[0040] 4. The technical solution of the present invention not only improves land use efficiency by planting multiple crops on a piece of land, but also increases production and income, deeply implements the national food security strategy, and consolidates and improves comprehensive production capacity. 4. Description of the drawings:

[0041] Figure 1 Analysis of the incidence of southern rust in intercropping patterns of Huangjinliang MY73 and different types of peppers;

[0042] Figure 2 Analysis of relative chlorophyll content in corn ear leaves under intercropping (intercropping) of Huangjinliang MY73 and different types of peppers;

[0043] Figure 3 Analysis of the incidence of southern rust in the intercropping (set) of Zhongkeyu 505 and Zaofeng 1;

[0044] Figure 4 Analysis of relative chlorophyll content in corn ear leaves under the intercropping (intercropping) mode of Zhongkeyu 505 and Zaofeng 1;

[0045] Figure 5 Physical picture of the incidence of southern rust in different intercropping patterns between Huangjinliang MY 73 and different pepper varieties;

[0046] Figure 5 In the figure, a: Huangjinliang MY73 monoculture; b: Huangjinliang MY73×Jiaoyu18 (2:4, D1); c: Huangjinliang MY73×Jiaoyu18 (2:4, D2); d: Huangjinliang MY73×Jiaoyu18 (3:4, D1); e: Huangjinliang MY73×Jiaoyu18 (3:4, D2); f: Huangjinliang MY73×Zaofeng1 (4:6, D2, S1); g: Huangjinliang MY73×Zaofeng1 (4:6, D2, S2); h: Huangjinliang MY73×Zaofeng1 (4:6, D2, S3); i: Huangjinliang MY73×Hangjiao3 (3:4, D2);

[0047] Figure 6 Actual picture of the incidence of southern rust in different intercropping patterns of Zhongkeyu 505 and different pepper varieties;

[0048] Figure 6 In the figure, a: Zhongkeyu 505 single crop; b: Zhongkeyu 505×Zaofeng No. 1 (2:4, D1); c: Zhongkeyu 505×Zaofeng No. 1 (2:4, D2); d: Zhongkeyu 505×Zaofeng No. 1 (3:4, D1); e: Zhongkeyu 505×Zaofeng No. 1 (3:4, D2); f: Zhongkeyu 505×Zaofeng No. 1 (4:6, D2, S1); g: Zhongkeyu 505×Zaofeng No. 1 (4:6, D2, S2); h: Zhongkeyu 505×Zaofeng No. 1 (4:6, D2, S3).

[0049] Figure 7 Analysis of the incidence of southern rust in Huangjinliang MY73 and Zaofeng No. 1 under the 4:6 row ratio mode;

[0050] Figure 8 Analysis of the incidence of southern rust in Zhongke Yu 505 and Zaofeng No. 1 under the 4:6 row ratio mode.

[0051] By attaching Figure 1-4 It can be concluded that different intercropping patterns have a significant alleviating effect on the incidence of southern corn rust and SPAD of corn cob leaves. Figure 5-6It can be seen that by intercropping corn with different varieties of peppers in different modes, intercropping corn and peppers can significantly reduce the number of corn leaves infected with southern rust and the area of ​​southern rust on the leaves, which can effectively alleviate the incidence of southern rust in corn. Figure 7 and Figure 8 It can be concluded that in the intercropping pattern of corn varieties and Zaofeng No. 1 pepper, the incidence of southern rust is the lowest and the crop yield is the best in the planting pattern of 4:6 row ratio and 110cm spacing between corn and pepper. V. Specific implementation methods:

[0052] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with embodiments, but the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0053] During the following experiments:

[0054] Disease rate = (number of diseased plants in each treatment / total number of plants investigated in each treatment) × 100%;

[0055] Diseased leaf rate = (number of diseased leaves per plant / number of effective leaves per plant) × 100%;

[0056]

[0057] The grading standards for the corresponding grades of southern corn rust are:

[0058] Level 0: No disease spots on the leaves of the whole plant;

[0059] Level 1: There are sporadic lesions on the leaves of the plant, i.e. the lesion area accounts for less than 5% of the total leaf area;

[0060] Level 3: The leaves of the plant have a small number of lesions, i.e. the lesion area accounts for 6-25% of the total leaf area;

[0061] Level 5: The leaves of the plant have moderate lesions, i.e. the lesion area accounts for 26-50% of the total leaf area;

[0062] Level 7: The leaves of the plant have a large number of lesions, that is, the area of ​​lesions accounts for 51-75% of the total leaf area;

[0063] Level 9: The leaves of the plant have a large number of lesions, that is, the area of ​​lesions accounts for more than 76% of the total leaf area, and some leaves are dry. The upper leaves have a large number of lesions and a few are dry.

[0064] The specific optimization test process of the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0065] 1) Experiment on the effect of intercropping of Huangjinliang MY73 and different types of peppers on the incidence of southern corn rust:

[0066] The incidence of southern corn rust in different corn and pepper intercropping patterns was analyzed. The results are detailed in the attached Figure 1 .Depend on Figure 1 It can be concluded that different intercropping patterns of corn and peppers will alleviate the incidence of southern corn rust to varying degrees compared with corn monoculture. Among them, intercropping of Huangjinliang MY73 and the chili pepper variety Zaofeng No. 1 has the best effect on alleviating southern corn rust, with a significant decrease in the diseased plant rate and diseased leaf rate. The average disease index is 53.26% lower than that of Huangjinliang MY73 alone, which is a significant difference.

[0067] Figure 1 M1: corn variety Huangjinliang MY73; P1: chili pepper variety Jiaoyu 18; P2: chili pepper variety Zaofeng 1; P3: chili pepper variety Hangjiao 3; ×: intercropping; 2:4: 2 rows of corn and 4 rows of chili peppers; 3:4: 3 rows of corn and 4 rows of chili peppers; 4:6: 4 rows of corn and 6 rows of chili peppers; D1: corn sowing date 1 (May 24); D2: corn sowing date 2 (June 4); S1: the distance between chili peppers and corn is 110 cm; S2: the distance between chili peppers and corn is 85 cm; S3: the distance between chili peppers and corn is 60 cm.

[0068] 2) Effects of intercropping patterns of Huangjinliang MY73 and different types of peppers on the relative content of chlorophyll in maize leaves

[0069] The relative content of chlorophyll in the leaves of corn ears under the intercropping pattern of Huangjinliang MY73 and different types of peppers was analyzed. The analysis results are detailed in the attached Figure 2 ,Depend on Figure 2 It can be seen that the SPAD value of corn ear leaves in the intercropping mode of corn and pepper is significantly lower than that of corn monoculture, and the intercropping effect of Huangjinliang MY73 and Zaofeng 1 is better than that of Jiaoyu 18 and Hangjiao 3.

[0070] Figure 2 M1: corn variety Huangjinliang MY73; P1: chili pepper variety Jiaoyu 18; P2: chili pepper variety Zaofeng 1; P3: chili pepper variety Hangjiao 3; ×: intercropping; 2:4: 2 rows of corn and 4 rows of chili peppers; 3:4: 3 rows of corn and 4 rows of chili peppers; 4:6: 4 rows of corn and 6 rows of chili peppers; D1: corn sowing date 1 (May 24); D2: corn sowing date 2 (June 4); S1: the distance between chili peppers and corn is 110 cm; S2: the distance between chili peppers and corn is 85 cm; S3: the distance between chili peppers and corn is 60 cm.

[0071] 3) The effects of intercropping of Huangjinliang MY73 and different pepper types on corn and pepper yields are shown in Table 1.

[0072] Table 1 Corn yield and yield components under the intercropping pattern of Huangjinliang MY73 and different types of peppers

[0073]

[0074] By analyzing the data of corn yield and yield components under the intercropping (interplanting) mode of Huangjinliang MY73 and different types of peppers in Table 1, it can be concluded that there are significant differences in corn and pepper yields under different corn and pepper planting modes. Among them, the corn and pepper yields under the intercropping (interplanting) mode of corn and the chili pepper variety Zaofeng No. 1 are better than all planting modes and have the highest economic benefits. Combining the incidence of southern rust of corn and the SPAD value of corn cob leaves, it can be concluded that southern rust mainly affects the photosynthesis and filling process of corn leaves by accumulating multiple piles of rust fungi on corn leaves, reducing the 100-grain weight of corn, and thus affecting corn yield. By calculating the total economic benefits in combination with pepper yield (see the data in Table 2 for details), it can be concluded that the economic benefits are the best under the intercropping (interplanting) mode of corn and the chili pepper variety Zaofeng No. 1, and the incidence of southern rust is low, which is the new intercropping (interplanting) mode that can effectively alleviate corn southern rust.

[0075] Table 2 Corn yield and yield components under the intercropping pattern of Huangjinliang MY73 and different types of peppers

[0076]

[0077] Through the above experiments and their results, it was found that the intercropping pattern of pepper variety Zaofeng No. 1 and corn can effectively alleviate corn southern rust. Then, the corn variety Zhongkeyu 505 and the chili pepper variety Zaofeng No. 1 were intercropped and intercropped. With reference to the above experiments, the incidence of corn southern rust, the relative content of chlorophyll in corn ear leaves, and the yield and yield components of corn and pepper were investigated.

[0078] 4) Effects of intercropping of maize variety Zhongkeyu 505 and pepper variety Zaofeng 1 on the incidence of southern maize rust

[0079] The incidence of southern rust in the intercropping model of Zhongkeyu 505 and the chili pepper variety Zaofeng 1 was analyzed. The analysis results are detailed in the attached Figure 3 ,Depend on Figure 3 It can be seen that compared with Huangjinliang MY73, the incidence of southern rust in Zhongkeyu 505 is lower, and the diseased plant rate, diseased leaf rate and average disease index of Zhongkeyu 505 in the intercropping (intercropping) mode with different types of peppers are significantly lower than those in corn monoculture, which can effectively alleviate the incidence of southern rust in corn.

[0080] Figure 3M2: corn variety Zhongkeyu 505; P2: chili pepper variety Zaofeng No. 1; ×: intercropping; 2:4: 2 rows of corn and 4 rows of chili peppers; 3:4: 3 rows of corn and 4 rows of chili peppers; 4:6: 4 rows of corn and 6 rows of chili peppers; D1: corn sowing date 1 (May 24); D2: corn sowing date 2 (June 4); S1: the distance between chili peppers and corn is 110 cm; S2: the distance between chili peppers and corn is 85 cm; S3: the distance between chili peppers and corn is 60 cm.

[0081] 5) Effects of intercropping between Zhongkeyu 505 and the chili pepper variety Zaofeng 1 on the relative content of chlorophyll in maize leaves

[0082] Depend on Figure 4 The analysis of the situation chart shows that the relative chlorophyll content of corn ear leaves in the intercropping (interplanting) mode of Zhongkeyu 505 and Zaofeng 1 is significantly higher than that in the monoculture of Zhongkeyu. Figure 3 It can be concluded that the relative content of chlorophyll in corn cob leaves is negatively correlated with the incidence of southern rust.

[0083] Figure 4 M2: corn variety Zhongkeyu 505; P2: chili pepper variety Zaofeng No. 1; ×: intercropping; 2:4: 2 rows of corn and 4 rows of chili peppers; 3:4: 3 rows of corn and 4 rows of chili peppers; 4:6: 4 rows of corn and 6 rows of chili peppers; D1: corn sowing date 1 (May 24); D2: corn sowing date 2 (June 4); S1: the distance between chili peppers and corn is 110 cm; S2: the distance between chili peppers and corn is 85 cm; S3: the distance between chili peppers and corn is 60 cm.

[0084] 6) Effect of intercropping (intercropping) pattern of Zhongkeyu 505 and Zaofeng No. 1 on corn and pepper yields Analysis of corn yield and yield components (see Table 3 for details) under different intercropping (intercropping) patterns of Zhongkeyu 505 and Zaofeng No. 1 shows that the 100-grain weight of corn under the planting pattern of Zhongkeyu 505 and Zaofeng No. 1 is higher than that of Zhongkeyu 505 alone, which is consistent with the conclusion drawn from the above experiment (corn southern rust affects leaf photosynthesis and leads to insufficient filling). Combining Table 3, Table 4 and the total economic benefit, it can be concluded that intercropping (intercropping) of the chili pepper variety Zaofeng No. 1 with corn can improve economic benefits and alleviate the frequency of corn southern rust, that is, the intercropping pattern studied in the present invention is a new intercropping (intercropping) pattern that alleviates corn southern rust.

[0085] Table 3 Corn yield and yield components under the intercropping (or intercropping) pattern of Zhongkeyu 505 and Zaofeng 1

[0086] Table 4 Pepper yield and yield composition under intercropping (intercropping) mode of Zhongkeyu 505 and Zaofeng 1

[0087]

[0088] Embodiment 1:

[0089] The intercropping mode for alleviating southern corn rust of the present invention comprises the following detailed steps:

[0090] 1) Select Huangjinliang MY73 as the corn variety and Zaofeng No. 1 as the pepper variety (summer pepper);

[0091] 2) After wheat is harvested, summer peppers are transplanted and corn with a sowing date of 2 is planted;

[0092] The sowing date of sowing schedule 2 is June 4; during the experiment, the row ratio configuration between the corn varieties and the pepper varieties is set to 2:4, 3:4 and 4:6; the row spacing between the corn and the pepper is set to 110 cm, 85 cm and 60 cm;

[0093] 3) During the grain filling period of corn (when the southern rust of corn is stable), the diseased plant rate, diseased leaf rate and disease index of southern rust of corn under the intercropping pattern were statistically determined. Figure 7 It can be concluded that intercropping of Huangjinliang MY73 and Zaofeng No. 1 can significantly reduce the incidence of southern rust of corn. The incidence of southern rust is lowest in the planting mode of Huangjinliang MY73 and Zaofeng No. 1 with a row ratio of 4:6 and a spacing of 110 cm. The diseased plant rate, diseased leaf rate and average disease index are reduced by 15.57%, 32.14% and 28.71 respectively compared with Huangjinliang monocropping.

[0094] When performing the statistical determination, 5 points were randomly surveyed for each treatment, 10 plants were randomly selected at each point, the number of diseased plants, the number of plant leaves, the number of diseased leaves and the area of ​​leaf lesions were investigated, and the diseased plant rate, diseased leaf rate and disease index were calculated;

[0095] 4) At the harvesting stage, the yields of corn and pepper were measured respectively (the results are shown in Table 5). It can be concluded that the corn yield of the intercropping (interplanting) mode of Huangjinliang MY73 and Zaofeng No. 1 was lower than that of corn (pepper) monoculture, mainly due to the decrease in the number of corn ears and the weight of pepper per fruit. However, the 100-grain weight of corn in interplanting (interplanting) was higher than that in monoculture, mainly because the incidence of southern rust in monoculture corn was more serious than that in interplanting (interplanting), which had a greater impact on SPAD and photosynthesis of corn leaves, resulting in insufficient filling, which in turn affected the 100-grain weight and yield.

[0096] 5) Other planting and management methods for corn under the intercropping mode are the same as those for single-cropping corn, and other planting and management methods for pepper under the intercropping mode are the same as those for single-cropping pepper.

[0097] Table 5 Corn and pepper yield and yield components of Huangjinliang MY73 and Zaofeng No.1 in 4:6 row ratio mode

[0098]

[0099] Embodiment 2:

[0100] The intercropping mode for alleviating southern corn rust of the present invention comprises the following detailed steps:

[0101] 1) Zhongkeyu 505 was selected as the corn variety, and Zaofeng No. 1 (summer pepper) was selected as the pepper variety;

[0102] 2) After wheat is harvested, summer peppers are transplanted and corn with a sowing date of 2 is planted;

[0103] The sowing date of sowing schedule 2 is June 4; during the experiment, the row ratio configuration between the corn varieties and the pepper varieties is set to 2:4, 3:4 and 4:6; the row spacing between the corn and the pepper is set to 110 cm, 85 cm and 60 cm;

[0104] 3) During the grain filling period of corn (when the southern rust of corn is stable), the diseased plant rate, diseased leaf rate and disease index of southern rust of corn under the intercropping pattern were statistically determined. The results are detailed in the attached Figure 8 ,Depend on Figure 8 It can be concluded that the incidence of southern rust in different intercropping patterns of Zhongkeyu 505 and Zaofeng No. 1 was significantly lower than that of corn monoculture. In the planting pattern with a row ratio of 4:6 and a spacing of 110 cm between corn and pepper, the incidence of southern rust in corn was low, and the diseased plant rate, diseased leaf rate and average disease index were reduced by 46.69%, 46.15% and 17.38 respectively compared with monoculture.

[0105] 4) At the harvest period, the yields of corn and pepper were measured respectively. After analysis, it can be concluded that the yields of corn and pepper were slightly lower than those of corn and pepper monoculture, but the 100-grain weight of corn in the intercropping (planting) mode was higher than that of monoculture, and the total economic benefit was improved compared with that of monoculture, which is consistent with the results of Example 1 (the yield results are shown in Table 6 for details);

[0106] 5) Other planting and management methods for corn under the intercropping mode are the same as those for single-cropping corn, and other planting and management methods for pepper under the intercropping mode are the same as those for single-cropping pepper.

[0107] Table 6 Corn and pepper yield and yield components of Zhongkeyu 505 and Zaofeng No. 1 in 4:6 row ratio mode

[0108]

Claims

1. An intercropping pattern for alleviating southern corn rust, characterized in that: The intercropping model comprises the following steps: 1) Select Huangjinliang MY73 or Zhongkeyu 505 as corn varieties, and select Jiaoyu 18, Zaofeng 1 or Hangjiao 3 as pepper varieties; 2) For spring peppers, leave space when planting winter wheat in the previous year, transplant the cultivated pepper seedlings in May of the following year, and plant corn with a sowing date of 1; 3) After wheat is harvested, summer peppers are transplanted and corn with a sowing date of 2 is planted; 4) During the grain filling period of corn, statistical determination of the diseased plant rate, diseased leaf rate and disease index of southern corn rust under the intercropping pattern was carried out, and the optimal intercropping pattern was selected based on the measured data; 5) During the harvest period, the yields of corn and pepper were counted separately; 6) Other planting and management methods for corn under intercropping mode are the same as those for single-cropping corn, and other planting and management methods for pepper under intercropping mode are the same as those for single-cropping pepper.

2. The intercropping pattern for alleviating southern corn rust according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sowing date of the sowing period 1 in step 2) is May 20 to May 25.

3. The intercropping pattern for alleviating southern corn rust according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the pepper seedlings described in step 2) are transplanted and corn with sowing period 1 is planted, the row ratio configuration between the corn variety and the pepper variety is set to 2:4, 3:4 or 4:

6.

4. The intercropping pattern for alleviating southern corn rust according to claim 3, characterized in that: Set the row spacing between corn and peppers to 110cm, 85cm or 60cm.

5. The intercropping pattern for alleviating southern corn rust according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sowing date of the sowing period 2 in step 3) is from June 1 to June 7.

6. The intercropping pattern for alleviating southern corn rust according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the summer peppers are transplanted and corn with sowing date 2 is planted in step 3), the row ratio configuration between the corn varieties and the pepper varieties is set to 2:4, 3:4 or 4:

6.

7. The intercropping pattern for alleviating southern corn rust according to claim 6, characterized in that: Set the row spacing between corn and peppers to 110cm, 85cm or 60cm.

8. The intercropping pattern for alleviating southern corn rust according to claim 1, characterized in that: When performing statistical determination as described in step 4), 5 points were randomly surveyed for each treatment, 10 plants were randomly selected at each point, the number of diseased plants, the number of plant leaves, the number of diseased leaves and the area of ​​leaf lesions were investigated, and the diseased plant rate, diseased leaf rate and disease index were calculated.

9. The intercropping pattern for alleviating southern corn rust according to claim 8, characterized in that: Disease rate = (number of diseased plants in each treatment / total number of plants investigated in each treatment) × 100%; Diseased leaf rate = (number of diseased leaves per plant / number of effective leaves per plant) × 100%; 10. The intercropping pattern for alleviating southern corn rust according to claim 9, characterized in that: The grading standards for the corresponding levels of southern corn rust are: Level 0: No disease spots on the leaves of the whole plant; Level 1: There are sporadic lesions on the leaves of the plant, i.e. the lesion area accounts for less than 5% of the total leaf area; Level 3: The leaves of the plant have a small number of lesions, i.e. the lesion area accounts for 6-25% of the total leaf area; Level 5: The leaves of the plant have moderate lesions, i.e. the lesion area accounts for 26-50% of the total leaf area; Level 7: The leaves of the plant have a large number of lesions, that is, the area of ​​lesions accounts for 51-75% of the total leaf area; Level 9: The leaves of the plant have a large number of lesions, that is, the area of ​​lesions accounts for more than 76% of the total leaf area, and some leaves are dry. The upper leaves have a large number of lesions and a few are dry.

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