Brake disc modal improvement method and device based on topological optimization and medium

Abstract

The invention relates to a brake disc modal improvement method and device based on topological optimization and a medium. The method comprises the following steps: S1, establishing a three-dimensional geometric model of the brake disc; s2, simulation modeling is carried out; s21, carrying out grid division; s22, brake disc material and section attribute setting; s23, constraint, load and output setting; s3, analyzing in-plane and out-plane modal shapes and frequencies of the brake disc; s4, establishing a geometry for topology; s5, establishing an optimization model and parameters; s6, carrying out topological optimization solution, checking a result and optimizing a geometric structure; according to the method, the problems that the brake disc modal improvement thought is not clear, the engineering experience is excessively depended, and the modal result is not accurately estimated are solved; according to the topological optimization result, the change direction of the brake disc design is provided, so that the mode of the brake disc is improved, the development period is shortened, and the development cost is saved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of automobile braking, and relates to a brake disc modal improvement method, device and medium based on topological optimization. Background Art

[0002] As an efficient design method, topology optimization technology is widely used in the optimal layout of vehicle internal components and the research and development design of automotive parts. In the early stage of design, it provides the best distribution of force transmission paths and materials, making up for the shortcomings of product designers who rely solely on experience and fantasy of products. With the booming development of the automobile industry and the intensifying competition in the industry, comfortable and quiet driving experience has become the direction pursued by major automakers, and reducing brake disc noise has become a top priority. The main reason for brake noise is that the vibration of the friction pad of the disc brake excites the brake disc body to vibrate axially. Therefore, studying the natural frequency of the disc brake is of great significance to suppress the vibration and noise of the brake. The difficulty in controlling the brake disc mode lies mainly in the fact that the automobile brake disc itself has many modal vibration modes, and its natural frequency ranges from hundreds to 20,000 Hz. There are more than 100 modal vibration modes. It is not advisable to test so many brake disc modes through experiments in actual work. Designers usually need to make judgments based on their many years of work experience and need multiple rounds of simulation to design a brake disc with qualified modal. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a brake disc modal improvement method to effectively solve the above problems.

[0003] Patent document CN114692454A provides a method for modal simulation and analysis of automobile brake discs to prevent brake squeal. It analyzes the brake squeal problem related to the brake disc modal of the brake system, establishes a finite element model for the brake disc, extracts the real modal of the brake disc, and analyzes and optimizes the real modal characteristics of the brake disc, so as to reasonably design the structure of the brake disc in the early stage of brake disc development to avoid the occurrence of brake squeal. The present invention does not need to establish a complex model of friction pads, brake calipers, brake brackets, steering knuckles and their contact and friction parts, and does not need to perform system unstable modal analysis. It only needs to model and analyze the modal characteristics of the brake disc to evaluate the rationality of the brake disc structure design, and can optimize and control the brake disc structure, avoid the occurrence of brake squeal in the early stage of brake disc design, and can well improve the performance of the automobile chassis and product competitiveness, and accelerate the technological progress of automobile products.

[0004] The above patent document only uses simulation to distinguish in-plane modes from out-of-plane modes, and it is still necessary to design based on experience to adjust the in-plane modes and out-of-plane modes, so as to optimize the modes.

[0005] Patent document CN114626141A, a method, device, readable storage medium, noise optimization method and computer for obtaining the component contribution of the unstable mode of the braking system, solves the problem that the existing technology cannot reduce the risk of brake squeal noise in the early stage of the development of the braking system. The acquisition method includes: establishing a finite element model of each component of the braking system; obtaining the material parameters of each component of the braking system, obtaining the relationship, position and characteristics of each component of the finite element model of each component of the braking system, different braking pressure loads, different rotation speeds and directions, and different friction coefficients of brake friction pads and brake discs; solving the real mode of each component of the braking system; solving the complex mode of each component of the braking system; obtaining the component contribution of the unstable mode of each component of the braking system; obtaining the modal contribution of the component with the largest unstable modal contribution of the braking system. This application is applicable to the field of automobile manufacturing.

[0006] The above patent document is a method of performing overall simulation of the braking system and solving modal optimization.

[0007] Patent document CN218882857U provides a brake disc structure for improving the 1IPC modal natural frequency, including a brake disc body and a mounting brim, wherein the mounting brim is coaxially arranged with the brake disc body; the brake disc body is a double-layer disc body, and a plurality of heat dissipation ribs are arranged between the double-layer disc bodies of the brake disc body, and the double-layer disc bodies of the brake disc body are interconnected through the heat dissipation ribs; the concave surface of the swan neck of the mounting brim is provided with ribs uniformly distributed around the circumference. The above patent document adds ribs to the swan neck, and the ribs increase the mass at the swan neck, but the tangential rigidity is not significantly increased, so it can effectively reduce the frequency of the in-plane 1IPC compression mode at the swan neck of the brake disc, and is more beneficial to the separation of the in-plane and out-of-plane modes of the brake disc, avoiding the brake noise caused by the coupling of the brake disc. At the same time, the ribs increase the surface area of ​​the brake disc and improve the heat dissipation effect of the brake disc.

[0008] The above patent documents are less relevant to the present application. Summary of the invention

[0009] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art and provide a brake disc modal improvement method based on topology optimization.

[0010] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0011] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention is implemented by adopting the following technical solutions:

[0012] A brake disc modal improvement method based on topology optimization specifically includes the following steps:

[0013] S1. Establish a three-dimensional geometric model of the brake disc;

[0014] S2, simulation modeling;

[0015] S21, grid division;

[0016] S22, brake disc material and cross-section property setting;

[0017] S23, constraints, loads and output settings;

[0018] S3. Analyze the in-plane and out-of-plane modal vibration shapes and frequencies of the brake disc;

[0019] S4. Create geometry for topology;

[0020] S5. Establishment of optimization model and parameters;

[0021] S6, topology optimization solution, result viewing and optimized geometric structure;

[0022] In the step S21, the mesh division specifically refers to importing the established geometric model into the pre-processing and solving software, performing geometric cleaning, surface mesh division, and quality inspection on the established finite element mesh, checking the parameter range including size, warpage and slenderness ratio, and checking the inconsistency between the finite element mesh and the geometric model, re-dividing and optimizing the mesh that exceeds the standard and has poor consistency, and dividing the second-order tetrahedral mesh after completion.

[0023] In the step S22, the setting of the brake disc material and cross-section properties specifically refers to inputting the elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, and density of the brake disc material, and setting the cross-section properties as entity unit properties.

[0024] In the step S23, the free boundary conditions of the brake disc finite element model are set, and the modal extraction method and parameters are set to extract the vibration modes and corresponding frequencies within the 120th order of the brake disc.

[0025] In the step S3, all in-plane and out-of-plane modes within 120 orders of the brake disc are analyzed, the order with a difference of less than 500 Hz is found, and the corresponding frequency is recorded;

[0026] In the step S4, the following three measures are used to optimize the geometric model design: 1. The principle of expanding the design area: expanding the size of the ventilation ribs while ensuring that the distribution of the ventilation ribs is not affected. The size of the ventilation ribs can be increased by 0.5 times, 1 times, or 2 times; 2. Separating the design area from the non-design area: the design area is the ventilation ribs, and the non-design area is other locations on the brake disc; 3. Ignoring the detailed features of the brake disc: removing smaller chamfers and fillets that do not affect the analysis.

[0027] In step S5, the optimization parameter setting specifically includes the following contents: the establishment of the model is consistent with step S2, except that when establishing the surface mesh, the design area and the non-design area must share nodes. When establishing the attributes, the geometry of the ventilation rib position is set as the design area attribute, and the mesh of the non-ventilation rib position is set as the non-design area attribute; the design area is set as the ventilation rib, the minimum and maximum member size constraints are introduced, the symmetry constraints are added, and the frequency response and volume fraction response of different orders of frequency analysis are established; the optimization target is the volume fraction, and the constraint is the maximum or minimum value of the frequency.

[0028] In step S6, after the simulation modeling is completed, the calculation file is exported, and the topological calculation is performed using the solving software. After the calculation is completed, the result is viewed using the post-processing software. The selection of the threshold value is determined according to the magnification of the design space. The threshold values ​​corresponding to the increase of 0.5 times, 1 times, and 2 times are 0.7, 0.5, and 0.3, respectively. The geometric reconstruction is performed according to the topological result, and step S2 is repeated to observe whether the mode is isolated. If it is isolated, the optimization is completed. If it is not isolated, the optimization continues.

[0029] An apparatus comprising one or more processors;

[0030] A memory for storing one or more programs;

[0031] When the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors implement the method as described above.

[0032] A computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, which implements the method described above when executed by a processor.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0034] The present invention solves the problems of unclear ideas for improving brake disc modalities, excessive reliance on engineering experience, and inaccurate prediction of modal results.

[0035] The present invention proposes a change in the design of the brake disc through the topology optimization results, thereby improving the brake disc mode, shortening the development cycle, and saving development costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

[0037] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a brake disc modal improvement method based on topology optimization according to the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the method flow of patent document CN114692454A;

[0039] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the method flow of patent document CN114626141A. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the implementation of the present invention clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention will be described in more detail below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiment of the present invention. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions. The described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings.

[0041] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

[0043] See also Figure 1 The pre-processing software required in this embodiment is Hypermesh, and the solving and optimization software is Optistruct.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] A brake disc modal improvement method based on topology optimization, specifically comprising:

[0046] S1. Establishing a three-dimensional geometric model of a brake disc, wherein the three-dimensional geometric model of the brake disc includes a detailed model structure of a brake disc cap, a disc surface, ventilation ribs, and a swan neck;

[0047] S2, simulation modeling;

[0048] S21, grid division;

[0049] Import the initial geometric model into the Hypermesh pre-processing software, clean up the geometry of the model, remove small chamfers and fillets, delete the line segments with close distances, and then perform 2D meshing. Pay attention to the use of 3 layers of mesh at the fillet position and the weak parts of the geometric body. Check the quality of the surface mesh to make the mesh aspect ratio <5, minimum length >0.6, Jacobi >0.7, minimum angle >20, and maximum angle <135. Check the inconsistency between the finite element mesh and the geometric model, and re-divide and locally adjust the mesh that exceeds the standard and has poor consistency. Divide the volume mesh, set the maximum size to 2mm, set the growth rate of the volume mesh to 1 when it is established, and the mesh type is second-order tetrahedron.

[0050] S22. Setting of brake disc material and section properties: Input the elastic modulus E=111000MPa, Poisson's ratio 0.24, density 7.19g / cm3 of the brake disc material, and set the section properties as solid unit properties.

[0051] S23, constraints, loads and output settings: set the free boundary conditions of the brake disc finite element model, and set the Lanczos method as the modal calculation method to extract the vibration mode and corresponding frequency within the 120th order of the brake disc.

[0052] S3. Analyze the in-plane and out-of-plane modal vibration modes and frequencies of the brake disc. Analyze all in-plane and out-of-plane modes within 120 orders of the brake disc, find out the order with a difference of less than 500Hz, and record the corresponding frequency;

[0053] S4. Create geometry for topology;

[0054] Under the premise of ensuring that the distribution of ventilation ribs is not affected, the size of ventilation ribs is doubled; the ventilation ribs are separated from the brake disc, the ventilation ribs are the design area, and the rest are the non-design area. Smaller chamfers and fillets that do not affect the analysis are removed.

[0055] S5, optimization model and parameter establishment;

[0056] The establishment of the model is consistent with step S2, the difference is that when establishing the surface mesh, the design area and the non-design area must share nodes. When establishing the attributes, set the geometry of the ventilation rib position as the design area attribute, and the mesh of the non-ventilation rib position as the non-design area attribute; set the design area to the ventilation rib, set the minimum member size to 3mm, the maximum member size to 20mm, add symmetry constraints, and establish frequency responses and volume fraction responses of different orders of frequency analysis; the optimization target is the volume fraction, and the constraint is the maximum or minimum value of the frequency. When setting the response constraint, consider setting the difference to 500Hz, the optimization effect is obvious, and try to take an integer. The volume fraction response setting object is the design area, not the entire brake disc.

[0057] S6, topology optimization solution, result viewing and optimized geometric structure;

[0058] After the simulation modeling is completed, the calculation file is exported and the topological calculation is performed using the solving software. After the calculation is completed, the results are viewed using the post-processing software, and the threshold is selected as 0.5. The geometry is reconstructed according to the topological results, and step S2 is repeated to isolate the in-plane mode and the out-of-plane mode.

[0059] Example 2

[0060] Based on the above brake disc modal improvement method based on topology optimization, the present invention provides another device, which includes but is not limited to: one or more processors and memories.

[0061] The memory, as a computer-readable storage medium, can be used to store software programs, computer executable programs and modules, such as program instructions corresponding to the brake disc modal improvement method based on topology optimization in the embodiment of the present invention. The processor executes various functional applications and data processing of the vehicle by running the software programs, instructions and modules stored in the memory, that is, realizing the above-mentioned brake disc modal improvement method based on topology optimization.

[0062] The memory may mainly include a program storage area and a data storage area, wherein the program storage area may store an operating system and at least one application required for a function; the data storage area may store data created according to the use of the terminal, etc. In addition, the memory may include a high-speed random access memory, and may also include a non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device, a flash memory device, or other non-volatile solid-state storage devices.

[0063] Example 3

[0064] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon. When the program is executed by a processor, a brake disc modal improvement method based on topology optimization is implemented. The brake disc modal improvement method based on topology optimization comprises the following steps:

[0065] S1. Establish a three-dimensional geometric model of the brake disc;

[0066] S2, simulation modeling;

[0067] S21, grid division;

[0068] S22, brake disc material and cross-section property setting;

[0069] S23, constraints, loads and output settings;

[0070] S3. Analyze the in-plane and out-of-plane modal vibration shapes and frequencies of the brake disc;

[0071] S4. Create geometry for topology;

[0072] S5. Establishment of optimization model and parameters;

[0073] S6, topology optimization solution, result viewing and optimized geometry.

[0074] The computer-readable storage medium provided by the present invention has computer executable instructions that are not limited to the method operations described above, but can also execute related operations in the brake disc modal improvement method based on topology optimization provided by any embodiment of the present invention.

[0075] Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed in this application can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional and technical personnel can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of this application.

[0076] In the above embodiments, it can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, it can be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When loading and executing computer program instructions on a computer, the process or function described in the embodiment of the present invention is generated in whole or in part. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable devices. The computer instructions can be transmitted from a website site, a computer, a server or a data center to another website site, a computer, a server or a data center by wired (for example, coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line DSL) or wireless (for example, infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) mode. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server, a data center, etc. that contains one or more available media integrated. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (for example, a floppy disk, a hard disk, a tape), an optical medium (for example, a DVD), or a semiconductor medium (for example, a solid-state hard disk Solid State Disk, SSD), etc.

[0077] The above is only a specific implementation of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modification, equivalent replacement and improvement made by any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention and within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. At the same time, the contents not described in detail in this specification belong to the prior art known to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A brake disc modal improvement method based on topology optimization, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Establish a three-dimensional geometric model of the brake disc; S2, simulation modeling; S21, grid division; S22, brake disc material and cross-section property setting; S23, constraints, loads and output settings; S3. Analyze the in-plane and out-of-plane modal vibration shapes and frequencies of the brake disc; S4. Create geometry for topology; S5. Establishment of optimization model and parameters; S6, topology optimization solution, result viewing and optimized geometry structure.

2. The brake disc modal improvement method based on topology optimization according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S21, the mesh division specifically refers to importing the established geometric model into the pre-processing and solving software, performing geometric cleaning, surface mesh division, and quality inspection on the established finite element mesh, checking the parameter range including size, warpage and slenderness ratio, and checking the inconsistency between the finite element mesh and the geometric model, re-dividing and optimizing the mesh that exceeds the standard and has poor consistency, and dividing the second-order tetrahedral mesh after completion.

3. The brake disc modal improvement method based on topology optimization according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S22, the setting of the brake disc material and cross-section properties specifically refers to inputting the elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, and density of the brake disc material, and setting the cross-section properties as entity unit properties.

4. The brake disc modal improvement method based on topology optimization according to claim 1, characterized in that: The constraints, loads and output settings in step S23 refer to: setting the free boundary conditions of the brake disc finite element model, and setting the modal extraction method and parameters to extract the vibration modes and corresponding frequencies within 120 orders of the brake disc.

5. The brake disc modal improvement method based on topology optimization according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S3, all in-plane and out-of-plane modes within the 120th order of the brake disc are analyzed, the order with a difference of less than 500 Hz is found, and the corresponding frequency is recorded.

6. The brake disc modal improvement method based on topology optimization according to claim 1, characterized in that: The establishment of the geometry for topology described in step S4 is used to optimize the geometric model design, including the following three measures: First, the principle of expanding the design area: the size of the ventilation ribs is enlarged under the premise of ensuring that the distribution of the ventilation ribs is not affected. The size of the ventilation ribs can be increased by 0.5 times, 1 times, or 2 times; Second, the design area is separated from the non-design area: the design area is the ventilation ribs, and the non-design area is other positions of the brake disc; Third, ignore the detailed features of the brake disc: remove smaller chamfers and fillets that do not affect the analysis.

7. The brake disc modal improvement method based on topology optimization according to claim 1, characterized in that: The establishment of the optimization model and parameters described in step S5 specifically includes the following contents: the establishment of the model is consistent with step S2, the difference is that when establishing the surface mesh, the design area and the non-design area must share nodes; when establishing the attributes, the geometry of the ventilation rib position is set as the design area attribute, and the mesh of the non-ventilation rib position is set as the non-design area attribute; the design area is set as the ventilation rib, the minimum and maximum member size constraints are introduced, the symmetry constraints are added, and the frequency response and volume fraction response of different orders of frequency analysis are established; the optimization target is the volume fraction, and the constraint is the maximum or minimum value of the frequency.

8. The brake disc modal improvement method based on topology optimization according to claim 1, characterized in that: The topology optimization solution, result viewing and geometric structure optimization described in step S6 specifically include: exporting the calculation file after the simulation modeling is completed, using the solution software to perform the topology calculation, and using the post-processing software to view the results after the calculation is completed. The selection of the threshold value is determined according to the magnification of the design space. The threshold values ​​corresponding to the increase of 0.5 times, 1 times, and 2 times are 0.7, 0.5, and 0.3 respectively; geometric reconstruction is performed according to the topology results, and step S2 is repeated to observe whether the mode is isolated. If isolated, the optimization is completed, and if not isolated, the optimization continues.

9. A device, characterized in that: comprising one or more processors; A memory for storing one or more programs; When the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the program is executed by a processor, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is implemented.

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