Flue gas treatment process for thermal power plant

Abstract

The invention provides a flue gas treatment process for a thermal power plant, and relates to the technical field of flue gas treatment. The flue gas treatment process for the thermal power plant specifically comprises the following steps: S1, flue gas pretreatment; s2, electrochemical dust removal; s3, wet desulphurization and deep oxidation; s4, capturing carbon dioxide; and S5, intelligent control and monitoring. According to the flue gas treatment method for the thermal power plant, the pollutant removal efficiency is remarkably improved by combining multi-stage segmented treatment, an intelligent control system and a resource recycling technology, NOx, SO2, particulate matter and heavy metal are efficiently removed by utilizing a non-thermal plasma and electrochemical technology, and the treatment effect is good. Wet desulfurization and deep oxidation further ensure that the flue gas reaches the ultra-low emission standard, meanwhile, CO2 is effectively captured and utilized through an amine absorption method and microalgae photosynthesis, energy consumption is reduced, the operation cost is reduced, in addition, an intelligent monitoring system ensures that the treatment process is optimized and meets the environmental protection standard, the economic and social benefits are integrally improved, and the method is suitable for industrial production. And a win-win situation of environmental protection and economy is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of farmland water conservancy irrigation, and in particular to a flue gas treatment process for a thermal power plant. Background Art

[0002] A thermal power plant is a facility that generates electricity by burning fossil fuels (such as coal, oil, and natural gas) or biomass (such as wood and crop waste). The following is the basic working principle of a thermal power plant: the fuel is fed into the boiler for combustion, generating high-temperature and high-pressure steam, which drives the turbine to rotate. The turbine is connected to the generator and converted into electrical energy through mechanical energy. The electrical energy generated by the generator is boosted by the transformer and then transmitted to each user through the power grid. Thermal power plants are widely used around the world, but with the improvement of environmental protection awareness and the development of renewable energy technology, more and more countries and regions are looking for cleaner and more sustainable energy alternatives. Thermal power plants will generate a large amount of flue gas during operation, which contains a variety of harmful pollutants, such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, and heavy metals. These pollutants not only have a serious impact on the atmospheric environment, but also have an adverse effect on human health. Therefore, the development of efficient, economical and environmentally friendly flue gas treatment methods is an urgent need for current thermal power plants.

[0003] Existing flue gas treatment processes in thermal power plants include electrostatic precipitators (ESPs), which use electrostatic force to charge particulate matter in flue gas and collect it on dust collecting plates. Bag filters capture particulate matter in flue gas through filter materials (bags). Wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) uses liquid absorbents (such as limestone slurry) to absorb SO2 in flue gas. Activated carbon adsorption uses activated carbon to adsorb heavy metals and organic pollutants in flue gas. Among these technologies, electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) have low capture efficiency for fine particles, are easily affected by gas humidity and conductivity, and have high energy consumption. Bags in bag filters need to be replaced and maintained regularly, are prone to clogging, and have large pressure losses. Wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) will produce secondary pollution (such as wastewater and gypsum byproducts), have complex equipment, and have high investment and operating costs. Activated carbon in activated carbon adsorption is expensive, needs to be regenerated or treated after use, and the treatment efficiency decreases after adsorption saturation.

[0004] Therefore, the present invention proposes a flue gas treatment process for a thermal power plant to solve the above-mentioned problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a flue gas treatment process for a thermal power plant, which solves the problems of high energy consumption and low efficiency of the existing flue gas treatment methods.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: A flue gas treatment process for a thermal power plant, specifically comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Flue gas pretreatment

[0008] Install a non-thermal plasma processor at the initial stage of flue gas discharge from the boiler, using active oxygen free radicals generated by high electric fields to initially oxidize and decompose NOx and SO2 in the flue gas, thereby reducing pollutant concentrations;

[0009] S2. Electrochemical dust removal

[0010] In the post-pretreatment stage, an electrochemical precipitator is installed to capture fine particles and heavy metals in the flue gas through an electrolytic solution. The cations produced by the electrolytic reaction will adsorb the particles and settle;

[0011] S3. Wet desulfurization and deep oxidation

[0012] Wet desulfurization is carried out in an absorption tower using nano-adsorbents and catalysts, and deep oxidation treatment is carried out using ozone or hydrogen peroxide;

[0013] S4. Carbon dioxide capture

[0014] The CO2 in the flue gas is captured by an absorption tower, compressed and purified, and then supplied to the microalgae cultivation pool, where the photosynthesis of the microalgae is used to convert the CO2 into organic matter;

[0015] S5. Intelligent control and monitoring

[0016] The Internet of Things and big data technologies are used to achieve real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment of each processing unit. Adaptive control algorithms are used to ensure that the system always operates in the best condition. High-precision online monitoring equipment is installed to detect the concentration of various pollutants in the flue gas in real time. Sensors and data analysis are used to ensure that all emission indicators meet the most stringent environmental protection standards.

[0017] Preferably, the plasma pretreatment in the flue gas pretreatment in step S1 can initially remove 30%-40% of NOx and SO2, while reducing the burden on the subsequent treatment system.

[0018] Preferably, the electrochemical dust removal in step S2 can remove more than 90% of fine particles and more than 80% of heavy metals.

[0019] Preferably, the nano-adsorbent in the wet desulfurization and deep oxidation in step S3 includes any one or a combination of multiple of activated carbon nanoparticles, silica gel nanoparticles, zinc oxide, and iron oxide.

[0020] Preferably, the catalyst in the wet desulfurization and deep oxidation in step S3 is a mixture of nanoparticles of copper, iron and manganese metals.

[0021] Preferably, the S3 wet desulfurization and deep oxidation wet desulfurization also include absorbent limestone slurry or lime slurry.

[0022] Preferably, the sensors installed in the intelligent control and monitoring of step S5 include sulfur dioxide sensors, nitrogen oxide sensors, particulate matter sensors, temperature sensors, pressure sensors, flow sensors, pH sensors, and conductivity sensors.

[0023] The present invention provides a flue gas treatment process for a thermal power plant. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] The invention provides a flue gas treatment process for a thermal power plant. The invention utilizes active oxygen free radicals generated by a high electric field to perform preliminary oxidation and decomposition of NOx and SO2, can effectively remove pollutants, reduce the burden of subsequent treatment, has a small device size, is applicable to a variety of working conditions, efficiently captures fine particulate matter and heavy metals through electrolysis reaction, has a high removal rate, is applicable to treating flue gas with complex components, can reduce the maintenance cost of traditional mechanical filtration, utilizes nano-adsorbents and catalysts to improve desulfurization efficiency, optimizes reactor design to improve absorption tower efficiency, has a high SO2 removal rate, is simple to handle by-products, has little secondary pollution, deeply oxidizes residual pollutants through ozone or hydrogen peroxide, improves NOx removal rate, has strong adaptability, can treat a variety of organic pollutants, utilizes photosynthesis to convert CO2 into organic matter, not only reduces CO2 emissions, but also can produce high-value algae products, and realizes resource recycling. The technology of the invention has significant advantages in treatment efficiency, environmental impact, operating cost and system intelligence, and can better meet the environmental protection requirements of modern thermal power plants. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] The embodiment of the present invention provides a flue gas treatment process for a thermal power plant, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0027] S1. Flue gas pretreatment

[0028] A non-thermal plasma processor is installed at the initial stage of flue gas discharge from the boiler, using active oxygen free radicals generated by high electric fields to initially oxidize and decompose NOx and SO2 in the flue gas, thereby reducing the concentration of pollutants.

[0029] Specifically:

[0030] Install a non-thermal plasma processor at the initial stage of flue gas discharge from the boiler, and install a high electric field plasma generator in the flue gas channel. Start the high voltage power supply to generate plasma, releasing a large number of active oxygen free radicals. The active oxygen free radicals react with NOx and SO2 in the flue gas to decompose them into harmless or easier to handle compounds. The expected effect is to initially remove 30%-40% of NOx and SO2, while reducing the burden on subsequent treatment systems.

[0031] S2. Electrochemical dust removal

[0032] In the post-pretreatment stage, an electrochemical precipitator is installed to capture fine particles and heavy metals in the flue gas through an electrolytic solution. The cations produced by the electrolytic reaction will adsorb the particles and settle.

[0033] Specifically:

[0034] In the post-pretreatment stage, an electrochemical precipitator is installed, and the flue gas is introduced into the electrochemical precipitator. Through the electrolytic cell, the particulate matter and heavy metals in the flue gas enter the electrolytic solution. During the electrolysis process, cations (such as H + 、Na + ) Adsorb particles through electric field and make them settle. Regularly replace or clean the electrolytic cell to collect the settled particles and heavy metals. Expected effect: remove more than 90% of fine particles and more than 80% of heavy metals.

[0035] S3. Wet desulfurization and deep oxidation

[0036] Nano-adsorbents and catalysts are used for wet desulfurization in an absorption tower, and ozone or hydrogen peroxide is used for deep oxidation treatment.

[0037] Nano-adsorbents include activated carbon nanoparticles, silica gel nanoparticles, zinc oxide, iron oxide, and any one or more combinations thereof. Catalysts are nano-particle mixtures of copper, iron, and manganese metals. Wet desulfurization also includes absorbent limestone slurry or lime slurry. After wet desulfurization, an ozone generator or hydrogen peroxide injection system is set up to introduce ozone or hydrogen peroxide into the flue gas for further oxidation and decomposition with residual organic pollutants and NOx.

[0038] S4. Carbon dioxide capture

[0039] The CO2 in the flue gas is captured by an absorption tower, compressed and purified, and then supplied to the microalgae cultivation pool, where the CO2 is converted into organic matter by the photosynthesis of the microalgae.

[0040] S5. Intelligent control and monitoring

[0041] The Internet of Things and big data technologies are used to achieve real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment of each processing unit. Adaptive control algorithms are used to ensure that the system always operates in the best condition. High-precision online monitoring equipment is installed to detect the concentration of various pollutants in the flue gas in real time. Sensors and data analysis are used to ensure that all emission indicators meet the most stringent environmental protection standards.

[0042] The sensors include sulfur dioxide sensors, nitrogen oxide sensors, particulate matter sensors, temperature sensors, pressure sensors, flow sensors, pH sensors, and conductivity sensors.

[0043] System Architecture Overview

[0044] The intelligent control and monitoring system is based on the Internet of Things (IoT) and big data technology. It realizes real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment of the flue gas treatment process through multiple sensors, data acquisition devices, data analysis platforms and adaptive control algorithms.

[0045] Main Components

[0046] Sensor Networks

[0047] Sulfur dioxide sensor: detects SO2 concentration in flue gas.

[0048] Nitrogen oxide sensor: detects NOx concentration in flue gas.

[0049] Particle sensor: detects the concentration of particulate matter in the flue gas.

[0050] Temperature sensor: monitors temperature changes in the system.

[0051] Pressure sensor: monitors the pressure conditions in flue gas treatment equipment.

[0052] Flow sensor: detects flue gas flow.

[0053] pH sensor: monitors the pH value of the process liquid.

[0054] Conductivity sensor: measures the conductivity of the liquid, reflecting the concentration of pollutants.

[0055] Data acquisition and transmission module

[0056] Data collector: collects sensor data, performs preliminary processing and stores it.

[0057] Wireless communication module: Use Wi-Fi, LoRa, NB-I oT and other technologies to transmit data to the central control system.

[0058] Data analysis and processing platform

[0059] Cloud computing platform: Store and process large amounts of sensor data.

[0060] Big data analytics tools: Analyze historical and real-time data to identify trends and anomalies.

[0061] Machine learning algorithm: Adaptive control algorithm that optimizes control strategies by learning historical data.

[0062] Adaptive control system

[0063] Controller: receives data analysis results and adjusts the operating parameters of the processing unit.

[0064] Actuator: adjusts valves, fans, dosing devices and other equipment according to controller instructions.

[0065] user interface

[0066] Monitoring dashboard: Provides real-time data visualization, showing individual sensor readings and system status.

[0067] Alarm system: When abnormal conditions or excessive emissions are detected, an alarm is issued to notify operators.

[0068] Workflow

[0069] Data collection: Various sensors detect pollutant concentration, temperature, pressure, flow and other parameters in the flue gas in real time, and the data is transmitted to the data collector via the wireless network.

[0070] Data transmission: The data collector uploads the collected data to the cloud computing platform.

[0071] Data processing and analysis: The cloud platform uses big data analysis tools and machine learning algorithms to process and analyze data and identify the optimal processing strategy.

[0072] Adaptive control: The analysis results are transmitted to the control system, and the controller adjusts the operating parameters of each processing unit according to the algorithm to ensure that the system operates in the best state.

[0073] Real-time monitoring and feedback: The monitoring panel displays the system status and various parameters in real time, and the operator can check and make necessary interventions at any time. The alarm system notifies relevant personnel immediately when an abnormality is detected.

[0074] System Advantages

[0075] Through high-precision sensors, we can accurately monitor the pollutant concentration and system operation status. We can dynamically adjust the treatment parameters to ensure that the flue gas treatment effect is always optimal. We can promptly detect and handle abnormal situations to reduce the risk of exceeding emission standards. Through data analysis, we can continuously optimize system performance and improve treatment efficiency.

[0076] This system framework makes comprehensive use of modern scientific and technological means to greatly improve the intelligence and efficiency of flue gas treatment in thermal power plants.

[0077] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A flue gas treatment process for a thermal power plant, characterized in that: The specific steps include: S1. Flue gas pretreatment Install a non-thermal plasma processor at the initial stage of flue gas discharge from the boiler, using active oxygen free radicals generated by high electric fields to initially oxidize and decompose NOx and SO2 in the flue gas, thereby reducing pollutant concentrations; S2. Electrochemical dust removal In the post-pretreatment stage, an electrochemical precipitator is installed to capture fine particles and heavy metals in the flue gas through an electrolytic solution. The cations produced by the electrolytic reaction will adsorb the particles and settle; S3. Wet desulfurization and deep oxidation Wet desulfurization is carried out in an absorption tower using nano-adsorbents and catalysts, and deep oxidation treatment is carried out using ozone or hydrogen peroxide; S4. Carbon dioxide capture The CO2 in the flue gas is captured by an absorption tower, compressed and purified, and then supplied to the microalgae cultivation pool, where the photosynthesis of the microalgae is used to convert the CO2 into organic matter; S5. Intelligent control and monitoring The Internet of Things and big data technologies are used to achieve real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment of each processing unit. Adaptive control algorithms are used to ensure that the system always operates in the best condition. High-precision online monitoring equipment is installed to detect the concentration of various pollutants in the flue gas in real time. Sensors and data analysis are used to ensure that all emission indicators meet the most stringent environmental protection standards.

2. A flue gas treatment process for a thermal power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plasma pretreatment in the flue gas pretreatment step S1 can initially remove 30%-40% of NOx and SO2, while reducing the burden on the subsequent treatment system.

3. The flue gas treatment process of a thermal power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrochemical dust removal in step S2 can remove more than 90% of fine particles and more than 80% of heavy metals.

4. The flue gas treatment process of a thermal power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nano-adsorbent in the wet desulfurization and deep oxidation of step S3 includes any one or a combination of multiple of activated carbon nano-particles, silica gel nano-particles, zinc oxide, and iron oxide.

5. The flue gas treatment process of a thermal power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that: The catalyst in the wet desulfurization and deep oxidation of step S3 is a mixture of nanoparticles of copper, iron and manganese metals.

6. The flue gas treatment process of a thermal power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wet desulfurization in the S3 wet desulfurization and deep oxidation also includes absorbent limestone slurry or lime slurry.

7. The flue gas treatment process of a thermal power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensors installed in the intelligent control and monitoring of step S5 include sulfur dioxide sensors, nitrogen oxide sensors, particulate matter sensors, temperature sensors, pressure sensors, flow sensors, pH sensors, and conductivity sensors.