Laser welding robot

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of laser welding, in particular to a laser welding robot. Comprising a robot body and a welding base connected with the output end of the robot body. The welding gun is fixedly connected to the lower surface center of the welding seat; an annular groove is formed in the lower surface of the welding seat; the annular groove and the center of the lower surface of the welding seat are concentrically arranged; the annular groove is close to the edge of the lower surface of the welding base. A sheath is movably connected in the annular groove; the lower end of the sheath can extend out of or retract into the notch of the annular groove; the lower end of the sheath extends out of the notch of the annular groove and then can shield the welding gun; the welding gun is shielded through the protective sleeve in the welding process, on one hand, chippings generated by welding can be intercepted, on the other hand, smoke generated by welding can be prevented from being diffused, the smoke can be smoothly sucked away by the air pump in a centralized mode, the influence of the smoke on the working environment and personnel health is avoided, and compared with an original smoke treatment mode, the smoke treatment efficiency is improved. More centralization and higher efficiency are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of laser welding, in particular to a laser welding robot. Background Art

[0002] Laser welding is a high-energy density welding technology. The high-energy laser beam generated by the laser is focused into a very small spot by a lens system. The focused laser beam is irradiated on the surface of the workpiece, causing the local area to heat up and melt to form a molten pool. By moving the laser beam and / or the workpiece, the molten metal is connected together to form a weld. The laser welding robot is one of the common laser welding equipment.

[0003] During laser welding, smoke is generated. This is because during the laser welding process, the metal surface in the welding area is heated to a high temperature, which may cause gasification and oxidation reactions, leading to the generation of smoke. These fumes and smoke may have a negative impact on the working environment and the health of operators, so when performing laser welding, some measures are usually required to control and deal with the smoke. The conventional way to deal with smoke is to cover the outside of the welding robot with a welding casing, and use the air pump attached to the welding casing to absorb the smoke generated by the welding robot in the welding casing. However, for some large workpieces, the general welding robot is open welding, which makes the original method of using the welding casing to cover and absorb smoke not applicable.

[0004] In view of this, in order to overcome the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a laser welding robot to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to make up for the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention proposes a laser welding robot. The present invention shields the welding gun through a sheath during the welding process. On the one hand, it can intercept the debris generated by welding, and on the other hand, it can prevent the diffusion of smoke generated by welding, so that the smoke can be smoothly sucked away by the air pump, avoiding the impact of smoke on the working environment and personnel health. Compared with the original smoke treatment method, the present invention is more centralized and more efficient.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is: a laser welding robot described in the present invention comprises a robot body and a welding seat connected to the output end of the robot body; a welding gun is fixedly connected to the center of the lower surface of the welding seat; an annular groove is provided on the lower surface of the welding seat; the annular groove is concentrically arranged with the center of the lower surface of the welding seat; the annular groove is arranged close to the edge of the lower surface of the welding seat; a sheath is movably connected in the annular groove; the lower end of the sheath can extend or retract into the annular groove notch; the lower end of the sheath can shield the welding gun after extending out of the annular groove notch; an air suction groove is provided on the lower surface of the welding seat; a filter is provided at the notch of the air suction groove; the bottom of the air suction groove is connected to the air pipe; the other end of the air pipe is connected to the air pump; the welding robot is controlled and operated by a controller.

[0007] Preferably, the sheath is surrounded by a plurality of arc-shaped plates; the adjacent arc-shaped plates are connected in a sliding and sealing manner; and the lower end of the plurality of arc-shaped plates can adapt to the surface of the workpiece to be welded by the welding gun.

[0008] Preferably, a driving groove is provided inside the welding seat; the driving groove is located on the inner side of the annular groove; the driving plate is connected to the driving groove in an up and down sliding seal; the lower surface of the driving plate is fixedly connected to the driving rod; the driving rod passes through the lower surface of the welding seat and is arranged close to the welding gun; the driving plate divides the driving groove into an upper cavity at the upper position and a lower cavity at the lower position; the upper groove wall of the upper cavity is connected to the bottom of the annular groove through a driving hole; the sleeve is movably sealed and connected to the annular groove; the upper groove wall of the upper cavity and the upper surface of the driving plate are connected through a first spring.

[0009] Preferably, the driving rod is provided with an avoidance groove on the lower end surface; the avoidance groove is movably connected with a avoidance rod; the upper end of the avoidance rod is connected to the bottom of the avoidance groove by a second spring; the elastic force of the second spring is greater than the elastic force of the first spring; the lower groove wall of the lower cavity is connected to the lower surface of the welding seat and is provided with a lower hole; the opening of the lower hole faces the driving rod.

[0010] Preferably, the annular groove is provided with a corrugated groove from top to bottom against the inner groove wall; a movable block is movably connected in the corrugated groove; the movable block is fixedly connected to the inner wall of one of the arc plates; the movable block can drive the corresponding arc plate to move circumferentially and axially along the welding seat in the corrugated groove.

[0011] Preferably, the lower chamber is connected to the outside through a one-way air inlet hole; a one-way valve is arranged in the lower hole; the outside gas enters the lower chamber along the one-way air inlet hole, and the gas in the lower chamber can overcome the one-way valve and be discharged from the lower hole.

[0012] Preferably, the aperture of the one-way air inlet hole is smaller than the aperture of the lower hole; the speed at which the drive plate moves upward in the drive groove is smaller than the speed at which it moves downward; and the speed at which the arc plate extends out of the annular groove is smaller than the speed at which it retracts into the annular groove.

[0013] Preferably, one of the vertical direct contact surfaces of the arc plate in the circumferential direction is the first contact surface; the other vertical direct contact surface of the arc plate in the circumferential direction is the second contact surface; the middle section of the first contact surface is fixedly connected to a limit block; the second contact surface is provided with a vertical limit groove; the limit block is slidably connected in the corresponding limit groove; in the initial state, the limit block is located in the middle section of the corresponding limit groove.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0015] 1. The present invention shields the welding gun through the sheath during the welding process, which can intercept the debris generated by welding on the one hand, and prevent the fume generated by welding from diffusing on the other hand, so that the fume can be smoothly sucked away by the air pump, avoiding the impact of the fume on the working environment and personnel health. Compared with the original fume treatment method, it is more centralized and more efficient.

[0016] 2. The present invention combines a plurality of arc plates that slide and seal against each other, so that the lower ends of the plurality of arc plates can be applied to the surface of the workpiece, reducing the gap between the lower end of the sheath and the workpiece, improving the shielding effect of the sheath on smoke, and allowing the smoke to be better sucked away. In addition, the arc plate resting on the workpiece serves a pressing purpose, thereby improving the stability of the workpiece during welding.

[0017] 3. The present invention is movably connected in the corrugated groove by a movable block, so that the multiple arc plates can move back and forth along the circumferential direction during the process of retracting to the inner side of the annular groove, so that impurities on the inner wall of the sheath can fall off under the scraping of the annular groove, thereby improving the stability of the sheath returning to the annular groove and allowing the welding gun to be smoothly exposed for observation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and implementation modes.

[0019] Figure 1 is a stereogram of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a state diagram of the sheath extending out of the annular groove in the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of

[0022] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 The enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0023] Figure 5 is a stereoscopic view of the sheath retracting annular groove in the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 yes Figure 5The enlarged view of point B in the middle;

[0025] Figure 7 is a position diagram of the corrugated grooves in the present invention;

[0026] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 Enlarged view of point C in the middle;

[0027] Fig. 9 It is a position diagram of the limit groove and the limit block in the present invention;

[0028] Fig.10 yes Fig. 9 Enlarged view of point D in the middle.

[0029] In the figure: robot body 1, welding seat 2, annular groove 21, air suction groove 22, filter 23, air pipe 24, drive groove 25, upper cavity 251, lower cavity 252, drive hole 253, lower hole 254, one-way air inlet hole 255, drive plate 26, first spring 27, corrugated groove 28, movable block 29, welding gun 3, sheath 4, arc plate 41, first contact surface 42, second contact surface 43, limit block 44, limit groove 45, drive rod 5, avoidance groove 51, avoidance rod 52, second spring 53. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further explained below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0031] like Figures 1 to 10 As shown, the present invention includes the following embodiments:

[0032] Embodiment 1:

[0033] A laser welding robot comprises a robot body 1 and a welding seat 2 connected to the output end of the robot body 1; a welding gun 3 is fixedly connected to the center of the lower surface of the welding seat 2; an annular groove 21 is provided on the lower surface of the welding seat 2; the annular groove 21 is concentrically arranged with the center of the lower surface of the welding seat 2; the annular groove 21 is arranged close to the edge of the lower surface of the welding seat 2; a sheath 4 is movably connected in the annular groove 21; the sheath 4 can extend or retract into the notch of the annular groove 21 at the lower end; the sheath 4 can shield the welding gun 3 after extending out of the notch of the annular groove 21 at the lower end; an air suction groove 22 is provided on the lower surface of the welding seat 2; a filter screen 23 is provided at the notch of the air suction groove 22; the bottom of the air suction groove 22 is connected to an air pipe 24; the other end of the air pipe 24 is connected to an air pump; the welding robot is controlled and operated by a controller.

[0034] In this embodiment, the sheath 4 is surrounded by a plurality of arc-shaped plates 41 ; the adjacent arc-shaped plates 41 are connected in a sliding and sealing manner; and the lower end of the plurality of arc-shaped plates 41 can adapt to the surface of the workpiece to be welded by the welding gun 3 .

[0035] In this embodiment, a driving groove 25 is provided inside the welding seat 2; the driving groove 25 is located on the inner side of the annular groove 21; the driving plate 26 is connected to the driving groove 25 in an up and down sliding seal; the lower surface of the driving plate 26 is fixedly connected to the driving rod 5; the driving rod 5 passes through the lower surface of the welding seat 2 and is arranged close to the welding gun 3; the driving plate 26 divides the driving groove 25 into an upper cavity 251 at the upper position and a lower cavity 252 at the lower position; the upper groove wall of the upper cavity 251 is connected to the bottom of the annular groove 21 through a driving hole 253; the sleeve 4 is movably and sealedly connected to the annular groove 21; the upper groove wall of the upper cavity 251 and the upper surface of the driving plate 26 are connected through a first spring 27.

[0036] In this embodiment, the driving rod 5 is provided with an avoidance groove 51 on the lower end surface; the avoidance groove 51 is movably connected with a avoidance rod 52; the upper end of the avoidance rod 52 is connected to the bottom of the avoidance groove 51 through a second spring 53; the elastic force of the second spring 53 is greater than the elastic force of the first spring 27; the lower groove wall of the lower cavity 252 is connected to the lower surface of the welding seat 2 and is provided with a lower hole 254; the lower hole 254 opens toward the driving rod 5.

[0037] In this embodiment, the annular groove 21 is provided with a corrugated groove 28 from top to bottom against the inner groove wall; a movable block 29 is movably connected in the corrugated groove 28; the movable block 29 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of one of the arc plates 41; the movable block 29 can drive the corresponding arc plate 41 to move circumferentially and axially along the welding seat 2 in the corrugated groove 28.

[0038] During operation, a welding table is placed under the welding gun 3. After placing the two workpieces to be welded on the welding table, the worker starts the controller to control the robot body 1 to work. The robot body 1 is a mechanical arm. The robot body 1 will drive the welding seat 2 of the output shaft to approach the welding position of the workpiece. The welding seat 2 will drive the welding gun 3, the driving rod 5 and the sheath 4 to move close to the welding position of the workpiece. The avoidance rod 52 is driven by the driving rod 5 to contact the workpiece first. As the welding seat 2 continues to approach the welding position, the avoidance rod 52 is compressed to drive the driving rod 5 to push the driving plate 26 to move in the driving groove 25. Since the elastic force of the first spring 27 is smaller than that of the second spring 27, the avoidance rod 52 is pressed to drive the driving rod 5 to push the driving plate 26 to move in the driving groove 25. Due to the elastic force of the second spring 53, the driving rod 5 and the avoidance groove 51 will not produce relative movement. As the avoidance rod 52 is compressed, the driving rod 5 will drive the driving plate 26 to squeeze the upper cavity 251. At the same time, the space of the lower cavity 252 becomes larger, and the external gas enters the lower cavity 252 for gas replenishment. As the driving plate 26 moves upward in the driving groove 25, the medium in the upper cavity 251 is pressurized and enters the annular groove 21 along the driving hole 253, thereby pushing the multiple arc plates 41 in the annular groove 21 to move downward. The lower end of the multiple arc plates 41 extends from the corresponding annular groove 21 under the action of the medium pressure, and the multiple arc plates extending out of the annular groove 21 41 can shield the welding gun 3, the lower end of the arc plate 41 can contact the workpiece, and the multiple arc plates 41 are slidably sealed and connected to each other, so the multiple arc plates 41 can be staggered with each other, so that the lower end of the multiple arc plates 41 can adapt to the surface of the workpiece, reduce the gap between the lower end of the arc plate 41 and the workpiece, and improve the shielding effect of the arc plate 41 on the workpiece welding. As the welding seat 2 continues to approach the welding position, the arc plate 41 cannot continue to move due to the obstruction of the workpiece, so that the arc plate 41 and the annular groove 21 on the welding seat 2 produce relative movement, so that the upper end of the arc plate 41 and the annular groove 21 are grooved. The medium between the bottom and the bottom is pressurized to flow back to the driving hole 253, and enters the driving groove 25 along the driving hole 253, so that the driving plate 26 moves in the driving groove 25, so that the space of the upper cavity 251 increases, and the space of the lower cavity 252 becomes smaller, so that the avoidance rod 52 overcomes the second spring 53 and moves toward the avoidance hole until the welding gun 3 moves to the welding position; the elastic force of the second spring 53 is transmitted to the medium in the driving groove 25 through the driving plate 26, so that the medium is transmitted to the multiple arc plates 41, and the multiple arc plates 41 are pressed against the workpiece at the lower end, so that the workpiece is pressed, thereby preventing the workpiece from shifting during welding and improving welding stability;

[0039] After the movement of the welding gun 3 is completed, the controller is started to control the welding gun 3 to perform laser welding on the workpiece. At the same time, the controller controls the air pump to work. The welding gun 3 generates smoke during the welding process of the workpiece. The smoke enters the suction groove 22 along the filter 23 under the suction force generated by the air pump and is sucked out along the air pipe 24. The smoke is filtered by the filter 23 and sucked away. The plurality of arc plates 41 shield the welding gun 3, so the smoke generated during the welding process of the welding gun 3 is not easy to leak, so that the smoke can be discharged from the suction groove 22 after being shielded by the arc plate 41. In addition, debris splashing is generated during the welding process, and the inner wall of the arc plate 41 can The robot body 1 can block the debris generated during welding. The robot body 1 can control the welding seat 2 and the welding gun 3 to move along the weld. The welding seat 2 can drive multiple arc plates 41 to move along the weld, so that the welding gun 3 can be moved in time. The arc plates 41 can also shield the welding of the welding gun 3, so that the smoke generated by welding can be smoothly and centrally extracted. Compared with the traditional gas extraction in a certain space, the smoke extraction of the present invention is more concentrated and more efficient. The external gas will enter the inside of the sheath 4 along the gap between the lower end of the arc plate 41 and the workpiece for gas replenishment;

[0040] After the welding of the workpiece is completed, the welding seat 2 will be lifted up and away from the workpiece, the welding seat 2 will drive the welding gun 3 away from the workpiece, the multiple arc plates 41 will further extend from the annular groove 21, and the avoidance rod 52 will also extend from the avoidance groove 51 under the action of the second spring 53. As the welding seat 2 continues to move away from the workpiece, the avoidance rod 52 breaks away from the contact with the workpiece, and the first spring 27 will push the driving plate 26 to return. The driving plate 26 is squeezed by the first spring 27 to squeeze the lower cavity 252, so that the gas in the lower cavity 252 is discharged along the lower hole 254, and the lower hole 254 is directed toward the driving rod 5, so that the debris on the surface of the driving rod 5 falls off in time to avoid adhesion. The space of the upper cavity 251 becomes larger during the return process of the driving plate 26 to form a negative pressure, so that the medium in the annular groove 21 enters the driving groove 25 along the driving hole 253 under the action of the negative pressure, so that the multiple arc plates 41 are directed toward The movable block 29 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of one of the arc plates 41, and the movable block 29 is movably connected in the corrugated groove 28. Therefore, the movable block 29 moves from bottom to top in the corrugated groove 28 as the arc plate 41 retracts into the annular groove 21, so that the arc plate 41 connected to the movable block 29 moves back and forth in the circumferential direction and retracts into the annular groove 21. A plurality of arc plates 41 surround and form the sheath 4, so that the entire sheath 4 will produce a circumferential back and forth movement under the movement of the movable block 29, so that the impurities on the inner wall of the sheath 4 are scraped off by the back and forth scraping of the notch of the annular groove 21, so that the debris on the inner wall of the sheath 4 is cleaned, and the back and forth scraping cleaning effect is better, so as to avoid the residue of the sheath 4 affecting the retraction of the annular groove 21. After the inner wall cleaning is completed, the sheath 4 retracts into the annular groove 21 under the action of negative pressure, so that the welding gun 3 is exposed, and the laser welding process of the workpiece is completed.

[0041] In this embodiment, the sheath 4 is used to shield the welding gun 3 during the welding process. On the one hand, the debris generated by welding can be intercepted, and on the other hand, the fume generated by welding can be prevented from diffusing, so that the fume can be smoothly sucked away by the air pump, thereby preventing the fume from affecting the working environment and personnel health. Compared with the original fume treatment method, it is more centralized and more efficient.

[0042] In this embodiment, the arc plate 41 is composed of a plurality of arc plates 41 that are slidably sealed against each other, so that the lower end of the plurality of arc plates 41 can be applied to the surface of the workpiece, reducing the gap between the lower end of the sheath 4 and the workpiece, improving the shielding effect of the sheath 4 on the smoke, so that the smoke can be better sucked away, and the arc plate 41 against the workpiece serves the purpose of pressing, thereby improving the stability of the workpiece during welding;

[0043] The present invention is movably connected in the corrugated groove 28 through the movable block 29, so that the multiple arc plates 41 can move back and forth along the circumferential direction during the process of retracting to the inner side of the annular groove 21, so that impurities on the inner wall of the sheath 4 can fall off under the scraping of the notch of the annular groove 21, thereby improving the stability of the sheath 4 returning to the annular groove 21, so that the welding gun 3 can be smoothly exposed for observation.

[0044] Embodiment 2:

[0045] The lower chamber 252 is connected to the outside world via a one-way air inlet 255 ; a one-way valve is provided in the lower hole 254 ; external gas enters the lower chamber 252 along the one-way air inlet 255 , and the gas in the lower chamber 252 can overcome the one-way valve and be discharged from the lower hole 254 .

[0046] In this embodiment, the aperture of the one-way air inlet 255 is smaller than that of the lower hole 254; the speed at which the drive plate 26 moves upward in the drive groove 25 is smaller than the speed at which it moves downward; the speed at which the arc plate 41 extends out of the annular groove 21 is smaller than the speed at which it retracts into the annular groove 21.

[0047] During operation, when the driving plate 26 moves upward in the driving groove 25, the space of the lower chamber 252 becomes larger to form a negative pressure, so that the external gas will enter the lower chamber 252 along the one-way air inlet hole 255, and when the driving plate 26 moves downward in the driving groove 25, the space of the lower chamber 252 becomes smaller, so that the gas in the lower chamber 252 is pressurized and discharged along the lower hole 254, thereby realizing the impact cleaning of debris on the surface of the driving rod 5; since the aperture of the one-way air inlet hole 255 is smaller than the aperture of the lower hole 254, the upward movement speed of the driving plate 26 in the driving groove 25 is smaller than the downward movement speed, so that the speed at which the arc plate 41 extends out of the annular groove 21 is smaller than the speed at which the annular groove 21 is retracted, so that when the welding gun 3 moves upward, the arc plate 41 will not immediately retract into the annular groove 21, so that the smoke on the inner side of the sheath 4 can be more thoroughly sucked away and filtered by the air pump during the delayed retraction of the arc plate 41, further avoiding the leakage and diffusion of smoke, and further improving safety.

[0048] Embodiment 3:

[0049] One of the vertical direct contact surfaces of the arc plate 41 in the circumferential direction is the first contact surface 42; the other vertical direct contact surface of the arc plate 41 in the circumferential direction is the second contact surface 43; the middle section of the first contact surface 42 is fixedly connected to a limit block 44; the second contact surface 43 is provided with a vertical limit groove 45; the limit block 44 is slidably connected in the corresponding limit groove 45; in the initial state, the limit block 44 is located in the middle section of the corresponding limit groove 45;

[0050] During operation, since the limit block 44 is slidably connected in the corresponding limit groove 45, the contact positions of adjacent arc plates 41 can be staggered from each other by a distance in the axial direction of the welding seat 2, thereby satisfying that the lower end of the arc plate 41 is against the uneven workpiece surface, so that the gap between the workpiece surface and the lower end of the arc plate 41 is reduced. More importantly, in the process of multiple arc plates 41 retracting into the annular groove 21, due to the restrictions of the limit block 44 and the limit groove 45, the degree of staggering between adjacent arc plates 41 is limited, so that when there is debris attached to the inner side of one of the arc plates 41, the inner sides of other arc plates 41 cannot be completely retracted into the annular groove 21 under the action of negative pressure even when clean, so as to ensure that the annular groove 21 has a certain degree of negative pressure in a certain space, so that the debris on the inner wall of the arc plate 41 is scraped off by the higher force of the arc plate 41 to retract into the annular groove 21, and the multiple arc plates 41 scrape back and forth in the circumferential direction to improve the debris cleaning effect of the inner wall of the arc plate 41.

[0051] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate directions or positional relationships based on the attached Figure 1 The orientation or positional relationship shown is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used to distinguish the description and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0052] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A laser welding robot, comprising a robot body (1) and a welding seat (2) connected to the output end of the robot body (1); a welding gun (3) is fixedly connected to the center of the lower surface of the welding seat (2); and the characteristics are: The lower surface of the welding seat (2) is provided with an annular groove (21); the annular groove (21) is arranged concentrically with the center of the lower surface of the welding seat (2); the annular groove (21) is arranged close to the edge of the lower surface of the welding seat (2); the annular groove (21) is movably connected to a sheath (4); the lower end of the sheath (4) can extend or retract into the notch of the annular groove (21); the lower end of the sheath (4) can shield the welding gun (3) after extending out of the notch of the annular groove (21); the lower surface of the welding seat (2) is provided with an air suction groove (22); the notch of the air suction groove (22) is provided with a filter (23); the bottom of the air suction groove (22) is connected to an air pipe (24); the other end of the air pipe (24) is connected to an air pump; the welding robot is controlled and operated by a controller.

2. A laser welding robot according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sheath (4) is surrounded by a plurality of arc-shaped plates (41); adjacent arc-shaped plates (41) are connected in a sliding and sealing manner; and the lower ends of the plurality of arc-shaped plates (41) can adapt to the surface of a workpiece to be welded by a welding gun (3).

3. A laser welding robot according to claim 2, characterized in that: A driving groove (25) is provided inside the welding seat (2); the driving groove (25) is located on the inner side of the annular groove (21); the driving groove (25) is slidably sealed and connected to a driving plate (26) in an up-and-down manner; the lower surface of the driving plate (26) is fixedly connected to a driving rod (5); the driving rod (5) passes through the lower surface of the welding seat (2) and is arranged close to the welding gun (3); the driving plate (26) divides the driving groove (25) into an upper cavity (251) at an upper position and a lower cavity (252) at a lower position; the upper groove wall of the upper cavity (251) and the bottom of the annular groove (21) are connected via a driving hole (253); the sleeve (4) is movably sealed and connected to the annular groove (21); the upper groove wall of the upper cavity (251) and the upper surface of the driving plate (26) are connected via a first spring (27).

4. A laser welding robot according to claim 3, characterized in that: The driving rod (5) is provided with an avoidance groove (51) on the lower end surface; the avoidance groove (51) is movably connected with an avoidance rod (52); the upper end of the avoidance rod (52) is connected to the bottom of the avoidance groove (51) via a second spring (53); the elastic force of the second spring (53) is greater than the elastic force of the first spring (27); the lower groove wall of the lower cavity (252) is connected to the lower surface of the welding seat (2) and is provided with a lower hole (254); the lower hole (254) opens toward the driving rod (5).

5. A laser welding robot according to claim 3, characterized in that: The annular groove (21) is provided with a corrugated groove (28) from top to bottom against the inner groove wall; a movable block (29) is movably connected in the corrugated groove (28); the movable block (29) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of one of the arc-shaped plates (41); the movable block (29) can drive the corresponding arc-shaped plate (41) to move circumferentially and axially along the welding seat (2) in the corrugated groove (28).

6. A laser welding robot according to claim 4, characterized in that: The lower chamber (252) is connected to the outside world via a one-way air inlet hole (255); a one-way valve is arranged in the lower hole (254); external gas enters the lower chamber (252) along the one-way air inlet hole (255), and the gas in the lower chamber (252) can overcome the one-way valve and be discharged from the lower hole (254).

7. A laser welding robot according to claim 6, characterized in that: The aperture of the one-way air inlet hole (255) is smaller than the aperture of the lower hole (254); the speed at which the driving plate (26) moves upward in the driving groove (25) is smaller than the speed at which it moves downward; and the speed at which the arc-shaped plate (41) extends out of the annular groove (21) is smaller than the speed at which it retracts into the annular groove (21).

8. The laser welding robot according to claim 5, characterized in that: One of the vertical direct contact surfaces of the arc plate (41) in the circumferential direction is the first contact surface (42); the other vertical direct contact surface of the arc plate (41) in the circumferential direction is the second contact surface (43); the middle section of the first contact surface (42) is fixedly connected to a limit block (44); the second contact surface (43) is provided with a vertical limit groove (45); the limit block (44) is slidably connected in the corresponding limit groove (45); in an initial state, the limit block (44) is located in the middle section of the corresponding limit groove (45).

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