Production method of soil conditioner

Abstract

The production method of the soil conditioner comprises the following steps: raw material selection, crushing and screening, pretreatment, fermentation treatment, aging treatment, acid-base adjustment, crushing and granulation, drying, screening and packaging. As the solid agricultural wastes are added into the fluid domestic sludge, the water content of the domestic sludge in the formed new raw material is reduced, and the water content of the agricultural wastes is increased, so that the friction force borne by solid substances in the domestic sludge during crushing is increased, the solid substances are more convenient to crush, and dehydration is not needed before crushing; the operation steps are simplified, the humidity of the agricultural waste is increased, the agricultural waste can be more conveniently combined with subsequent additives, liquid injection is not needed before chemical reaction, and the operation steps are also simplified; and the humidity of the agricultural wastes is increased by redundant moisture in the domestic sludge, so that the utilization rate of the domestic sludge is increased, and additional liquid does not need to be added to increase the humidity of the agricultural wastes, so that resources are saved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, in particular to a method for producing a soil conditioner. Background Art

[0002] Soil improver, also known as soil conditioner, refers to a material that can improve the physical properties of soil and promote crop nutrient absorption, but does not provide plant nutrients itself. The working principle of soil improver is to bond many small soil particles to form large and water-stable aggregates. It is widely used in preventing soil erosion, reducing soil moisture evaporation or excessive transpiration, saving irrigation water, and promoting healthy plant growth. It is mainly suitable for arid and semi-arid areas in northern my country and areas with insufficient accumulated temperature during the crop growth period, as well as soils with poor soil structure, especially dry land and sloping sandy land and saline-alkali land with severe water shortage.

[0003] There are many kinds of raw materials for making soil conditioners. In order to collect them quickly and reduce processing costs, we usually use natural materials, such as domestic sludge, agricultural waste, etc. These raw materials are usually crushed first during processing, but overly wet raw materials are not easy to crush, and overly dry raw materials are not easy to react with subsequent additives. Therefore, we usually dehydrate the domestic sludge before crushing to reduce the water content of the domestic sludge, and inject liquid into the agricultural waste before adding additives to increase the water content of the agricultural waste. The operation is cumbersome, and the domestic sludge will produce a large amount of sewage after dehydration, and the utilization rate is low. Agricultural waste requires additional liquid to be added, which will cause waste of resources. Summary of the invention

[0004] 1. Technical issues to be resolved

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for producing a soil conditioner, which is easier to operate and more resource-saving.

[0006] (II) Technical solution

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] A method for producing a soil conditioner comprises the following steps:

[0009] S1: selecting raw materials, and uniformly mixing fluid domestic sludge and solid agricultural waste in a weight ratio of 5:2;

[0010] S2: crushing and screening, crushing the raw material after the processing in step S1, and after the crushing is completed, screening with a first filter screen of 50-100 mesh to remove the residue, and dehydrating the remaining raw material;

[0011] S3: pretreatment, the raw material treated in step S2, the heavy metal passivator, and the soil bulking agent are uniformly mixed in a weight ratio of 7.5-8:1-1.5:1-1.5, and then an aqueous solution containing 5%-7% chitosan is added to make the liquid content reach 40%-50%, and then stirred evenly;

[0012] S4: Fermentation treatment, the raw material treated in step S3 and aerobic fermentation agent A are uniformly mixed in a weight ratio of 150-250:1 for primary fermentation, the fermentation temperature is 60-66°C, and the fermentation time is 13-15 days; the primary fermentation product and anaerobic fermentation agent B are uniformly mixed in a weight ratio of 200-300:1 for secondary fermentation, the fermentation temperature is 33-39°C, and the fermentation time is 6-8 days;

[0013] S5: aging treatment, sending the raw materials treated in step S4 to an aging workshop for aging, the aging time is 19-21 days;

[0014] S6: Acid-base adjustment, adding a pH regulator to the raw material treated in step S5 and adjusting the pH to 6.8-7.2;

[0015] S7: crushing and granulating, crushing the raw material after the processing in step S6, and after the crushing is completed, screening with a second filter screen of 150-200 mesh until all the raw materials pass through the second filter screen, and then granulating the powdered raw material;

[0016] S8: Drying, air-drying the raw material after the treatment in step S7 until the moisture content drops to 25%-30%;

[0017] S9: Screening and packaging. Place the raw material processed in step S8 on a third filter screen with a pore size of 2.1-2.2 mm, and set a vibrator under the third filter screen to make the raw material pass through the third filter screen by vibration screening. The granular raw material is weighed and packaged to prevent agglomerated raw materials from entering the packaging cavity.

[0018] Preferably, the water content of the domestic sludge is greater than 60%, and the agricultural waste includes at least one of straw, stumps, weeds, fallen leaves, fruit shells, vines, branches, and livestock manure.

[0019] Preferably, the heavy metal passivator includes at least one of biochar and diatomaceous earth, and the soil bulking agent includes at least one of edible fungus residue and peat soil.

[0020] Preferably, the aerobic fermentation agent A is a composite aerobic bacterial agent, and the anaerobic fermentation agent B is Lactobacillus plantarum or yeast.

[0021] Preferably, the pH regulator is quicklime or humic acid.

[0022] Preferably, the diameter of the granules produced by the granulator is 1.5-2 mm.

[0023] Preferably, the stirring speed during mixing in step S1 is 100-300 r / min, and the stirring time is 40-50 min;

[0024] The stirring speed during mixing in step S3 is 300-500 r / min, and the stirring time is 20-30 min;

[0025] The stirring speed during mixing in step S4 is 200-400 r / min, and the stirring time is 30-40 min;

[0026] The stirring speed during mixing in step S6 is 150-350 r / min, and the stirring time is 35-45 min.

[0027] (III) Beneficial effects

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] Since solid agricultural waste is added to the fluid domestic sludge, the moisture content of the domestic sludge in the newly formed raw material decreases and the moisture content of the agricultural waste increases, which increases the friction force on the solid matter in the domestic sludge during crushing, making it easier to crush. There is no need for dehydration before crushing, which simplifies the operation steps, increases the humidity of the agricultural waste, and makes it easier to combine with subsequent additives. There is no need for liquid injection before chemical reaction, which also simplifies the operation steps. Since the excess water in the domestic sludge increases the humidity of the agricultural waste, the utilization rate of the domestic sludge is improved, and there is no need to add additional liquid to increase the humidity of the agricultural waste, thereby saving resources. In general, the production method of the soil conditioner can make the operation simpler and save more resources.

[0030] Furthermore, since the domestic sludge and agricultural waste in the raw materials are by-products of people's lives, no additional processing is required. The raw materials are widely available and easy to obtain, and the product cost is low. After processing, they can also play the role of waste utilization and ecological circulation, and have good ecological, social, economic and environmental benefits. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] Embodiment 1

[0033] A method for producing a soil conditioner comprises the following steps: S1: selecting raw materials, S2: crushing and screening, S3: pretreatment, S4: fermentation treatment, S5: aging treatment, S6: acid-base adjustment, S7: crushing and granulation, S8: drying, and S9: screening and packaging. The fluid domestic sludge and the solid agricultural waste are uniformly mixed in a weight ratio of 5:2; the raw materials treated in step S1 are crushed, and after the crushing is completed, they are screened with a first filter screen of 100 meshes to remove the residue, and the remaining raw materials are dehydrated; the raw materials treated in step S2, a heavy metal passivator, and a soil bulking agent are uniformly mixed in a weight ratio of 7.5:1.5:1.5, and then an aqueous solution containing 5%-7% chitosan is added to make the liquid content reach 50%, and then stirred uniformly; the raw materials treated in step S3 and an aerobic fermentation agent A are uniformly mixed in a weight ratio of 150:1 for a fermentation, and the fermentation temperature is 66°C. The fermentation time is 15 days; the primary fermentation product and the anaerobic fermentation agent B are uniformly mixed in a weight ratio of 200:1 for secondary fermentation, the fermentation temperature is 39°C, and the fermentation time is 8 days; the raw material treated in step S4 is sent to an aging workshop for aging, and the aging time is 21 days; a pH regulator is added to the raw material treated in step S5 and the pH is adjusted to 6.8-7.2; the raw material treated in step S6 is crushed, and after the crushing is completed, it is screened with a second filter screen of 200 mesh until all the raw materials pass through the second filter screen, and then the powdered raw material is granulated; the raw material treated in step S7 is air-dried until the moisture content is reduced to 25%-30%; the raw material treated in step S8 is placed on a third filter screen with an aperture of 2.1, and a vibrator is arranged under the third filter screen, the raw material is passed through the third filter screen by vibration screening, and the granular raw material is weighed and packaged to prevent the agglomerated raw material from entering the packaging cavity.

[0034] Based on the above scheme, since solid agricultural waste is added to the fluid domestic sludge, the moisture content of the domestic sludge in the newly formed raw material decreases and the moisture content of the agricultural waste increases, which increases the friction force on the solid matter in the domestic sludge during crushing, making it easier to crush. There is no need to dehydrate before crushing, which simplifies the operation steps, increases the humidity of the agricultural waste, and makes it easier to combine with subsequent additives. There is no need to inject liquid before chemical reaction, which also simplifies the operation steps. Since the excess water in the domestic sludge increases the humidity of the agricultural waste, the utilization rate of the domestic sludge is improved, and there is no need to add additional liquid to increase the humidity of the agricultural waste, thereby saving resources. In general, by using the production method of the soil conditioner, the operation can be simpler and more resources can be saved.

[0035] Preferably, the moisture content of domestic sludge is 70%, and agricultural waste includes straw, stubble, weeds, fallen leaves, fruit shells, vines, branches, and livestock manure.

[0036] Preferably, the heavy metal passivator includes biochar and diatomaceous earth, and the soil bulking agent includes edible fungus residue and peat soil.

[0037] Preferably, the aerobic fermentation agent A is a composite aerobic bacterial agent, and the anaerobic fermentation agent B is Lactobacillus plantarum.

[0038] Preferably, the pH regulator is quicklime or humic acid.

[0039] Preferably, the diameter of the granules produced by the granulator is 1.5.

[0040] Preferably, the stirring speed during mixing in step S1 is 300 r / min, and the stirring time is 50 min; the stirring speed during mixing in step S3 is 500 r / min, and the stirring time is 30 min; the stirring speed during mixing in step S4 is 400 r / min, and the stirring time is 40 min; the stirring speed during mixing in step S6 is 350 r / min, and the stirring time is 45 min.

[0041] The technical solution in this embodiment can make the raw materials react more fully, and the finished product has a better effect of improving the soil.

[0042] Embodiment 2

[0043] The differences between this embodiment and the first embodiment are as follows.

[0044] A method for producing a soil conditioner comprises the following steps: S1: selecting raw materials, S2: crushing and screening, S3: pretreatment, S4: fermentation treatment, S5: aging treatment, S6: acid-base adjustment, S7: crushing and granulation, S8: drying, and S9: screening and packaging, wherein fluid domestic sludge and solid agricultural waste are uniformly mixed in a weight ratio of 5:2; the raw materials treated in step S1 are crushed, and after crushing, they are screened with a 50-mesh first filter screen to remove the residue, and the remaining raw materials are dehydrated; the raw materials treated in step S2, a heavy metal passivator, and a soil bulking agent are uniformly mixed in a weight ratio of 8:1:1, and then an aqueous solution containing 5%-7% chitosan is added to make the liquid content reach 40%-50%, and then stirred uniformly; the raw materials treated in step S3 and an aerobic fermentation agent A are uniformly mixed in a weight ratio of 250:1 for a fermentation, and the fermentation temperature is 60°C. The time is 13 days; the primary fermentation product and the anaerobic fermentation agent B are uniformly mixed in a weight ratio of 300:1 for secondary fermentation, the fermentation temperature is 33°C, and the fermentation time is 6 days; the raw materials treated in step S4 are sent to the aging workshop for aging, and the aging time is 19 days; the PH regulator is added to the raw materials treated in step S5 and the PH is adjusted to 6.8-7.2; the raw materials treated in step S6 are crushed, and after the crushing is completed, they are sieved with a second filter screen of 150 mesh until all the raw materials pass through the second filter screen, and then the powdered raw materials are granulated; the raw materials treated in step S7 are air-dried until the moisture content drops to 25%-30%; the raw materials treated in step S8 are placed on a third filter screen with an aperture of 2.2mm, and a vibrator is set under the third filter screen to make the raw materials pass through the third filter screen by vibration screening, and the granular raw materials are weighed and packaged to prevent the agglomerated raw materials from entering the packaging cavity.

[0045] Preferably, the diameter of the granules produced by the granulator is 2 mm.

[0046] Preferably, the stirring speed during mixing in step S1 is 100 r / min, and the stirring time is 40 min; the stirring speed during mixing in step S3 is 300 r / min, and the stirring time is 20 min; the stirring speed during mixing in step S4 is 200 r / min, and the stirring time is 30 min; the stirring speed during mixing in step S6 is 150 r / min, and the stirring time is 35 min.

[0047] The technical solution in this embodiment can meet the minimum requirements of raw material reaction, and can produce more finished products as quickly as possible with lower cost.

[0048] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0049] In addition, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to limit components is only for the convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of this application.

[0050] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for producing a soil conditioner, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Selecting raw materials, and uniformly mixing fluid domestic sludge and solid agricultural waste in a weight ratio of 5:2; S2: crushing and screening, crushing the raw material after the processing in step S1, and after the crushing is completed, screening with a first filter screen of 50-100 mesh to remove the residue, and dehydrating the remaining raw material; S3: pretreatment, the raw material treated in step S2, the heavy metal passivator, and the soil bulking agent are uniformly mixed in a weight ratio of 7.5-8:1-1.5:1-1.5, and then an aqueous solution containing 5%-7% chitosan is added to make the liquid content reach 40%-50%, and then stirred evenly; S4: Fermentation treatment, the raw material treated in step S3 and aerobic fermentation agent A are uniformly mixed in a weight ratio of 150-250:1 for primary fermentation, the fermentation temperature is 60-66°C, and the fermentation time is 13-15 days; the primary fermentation product and anaerobic fermentation agent B are uniformly mixed in a weight ratio of 200-300:1 for secondary fermentation, the fermentation temperature is 33-39°C, and the fermentation time is 6-8 days; S5: aging treatment, sending the raw materials treated in step S4 to an aging workshop for aging, the aging time is 19-21 days; S6: Acid-base adjustment, adding a pH regulator to the raw material treated in step S5 and adjusting the pH to 6.8-7.2; S7: crushing and granulating, crushing the raw material after the processing in step S6, and after the crushing is completed, screening with a second filter screen of 150-200 mesh until all the raw materials pass through the second filter screen, and then granulating the powdered raw material; S8: Drying, air-drying the raw material after the treatment in step S7 until the moisture content drops to 25%-30%; S9: Screening and packaging. Place the raw material processed in step S8 on a third filter screen with a pore size of 2.1-2.2 mm, and set a vibrator under the third filter screen to make the raw material pass through the third filter screen by vibration screening. The granular raw material is weighed and packaged to prevent agglomerated raw materials from entering the packaging cavity.

2. The method for producing a soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water content of the domestic sludge is greater than 60%, and the agricultural waste includes at least one of straw, stumps, weeds, fallen leaves, fruit shells, vines, branches, and livestock manure.

3. The method for producing a soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heavy metal passivator includes at least one of biochar and diatomaceous earth, and the soil bulking agent includes at least one of edible fungus residue and peat soil.

4. The method for producing a soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aerobic fermentation agent A is a composite aerobic bacterial agent, and the anaerobic fermentation agent B is a plant lactobacillus or a yeast.

5. The method for producing a soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pH regulator is quicklime or humic acid.

6. The method for producing a soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the granules produced by the granulator is 1.5-2 mm.

7. The method for producing a soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stirring speed during mixing in step S1 is 100-300 r / min, and the stirring time is 40-50 min; The stirring speed during mixing in step S3 is 300-500 r / min, and the stirring time is 20-30 min; The stirring speed during mixing in step S4 is 200-400 r / min, and the stirring time is 30-40 min; The stirring speed during mixing in step S6 is 150-350 r / min, and the stirring time is 35-45 min.