Gas storage test method and system based on gas storage structure parameters

Abstract

The invention discloses a gas storage test method and system based on gas storage structure parameters, and relates to the technical field of energy storage. The device comprises a stress loading device, a thermal loading device, an acoustic emission monitoring device and a distributed optical fiber device, and a containing cavity for containing a gas storage model is arranged in the stress loading device and used for applying stress to the gas storage model. And the thermal loading device is communicated with a gas storage cavity of the gas storage model through a liquid path and is used for adjusting the pressure and temperature in the gas storage cavity. The acoustic emission monitoring device is embedded in the stress loading device and used for monitoring fracture data of the gas storage model. The distributed optical fiber device is embedded in the gas storage cavity and used for monitoring temperature data and deformation data of the gas storage model. Therefore, the operation test of the gas storage model under different working conditions can be carried out, and the structural stability of the gas storage model under different operation working conditions can be monitored. Data reference can be provided for the design of the gas storage, and the design difficulty of structural parameters of the gas storage is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of energy storage technology, and in particular to a gas storage reservoir testing method and system based on gas storage reservoir structural parameters. Background Art

[0002] Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) is a large-scale energy storage technology that uses electricity to compress air and store it in underground gas storage reservoirs. When needed, the compressed air is released to generate electricity through turbines. CAES technology is suitable for balancing grid loads and storing intermittent electricity generated by renewable energy sources such as wind and solar energy, thereby improving the stability of the grid.

[0003] However, in the process of promoting compressed air energy storage power stations, since there are no completed gas storage projects for reference in actual applications, the difficulty of designing and constructing gas storage in different areas has been greatly increased. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, the present invention is proposed to provide a gas storage reservoir testing method and system based on gas storage reservoir structural parameters that overcome the above problems or at least partially solve the above problems.

[0005] Based on the first aspect of the present invention, a gas storage reservoir test system based on gas storage reservoir structural parameters is provided, the test system comprising: A stress loading device, wherein a housing cavity for housing a gas storage reservoir model is provided in the stress loading device, so as to apply stress to the gas storage reservoir model, wherein the gas storage reservoir model is obtained by manufacturing a corresponding three-dimensional geological model according to the gas storage reservoir structural parameters; A thermal loading device, the thermal loading device is in fluid communication with the gas storage cavity of the gas storage model, and is used to adjust the pressure and temperature of the hydraulic oil in the gas storage cavity; An acoustic emission monitoring device, which is embedded in the stress loading device and is used to monitor the rupture data of the gas storage model; A distributed optical fiber device is embedded in the gas storage cavity and arranged around the inner wall of the gas storage cavity to monitor the temperature data and deformation data of the gas storage model.

[0006] In an optional invention, the stress loading device comprises: Six loading plates, the six loading plates cooperate to form the accommodating cavity, wherein at least two of the loading plates are provided with connecting holes, and the connecting holes are used for the liquid pipelines of the thermal loading device to pass through; A stress loading component is fixedly connected to each end surface of the loading plate away from the accommodating cavity, so that the stress loading component can push the loading plate to move and adjust the stress applied to the gas storage.

[0007] An optional invention content, the connecting hole includes a liquid inlet hole and a liquid outlet hole, wherein the liquid inlet hole is opened on the bottom loading plate, and the liquid outlet hole is opened on the top loading plate; or, The liquid outlet is opened on the bottom loading plate, and the liquid inlet is opened on the top loading plate.

[0008] An optional invention content is that the connecting hole and the liquid pipeline are gap-matched.

[0009] An optional invention content, the acoustic emission monitoring device includes at least one acoustic emission sensor, at least one groove is formed on the end surface of the loading plate close to the accommodating cavity, and the acoustic emission sensor is embedded in the groove.

[0010] According to an optional invention, when there are at least two acoustic emission sensors, at least two of the acoustic emission sensors are spaced apart and distributed on the loading plate.

[0011] An optional invention content, the distributed optical fiber device includes a distributed optical fiber sensor, wherein the distributed optical fiber sensor surrounds the inner wall of the gas storage cavity at least twice.

[0012] Based on the second aspect of the present invention, a gas storage reservoir test method based on gas storage reservoir structural parameters is also provided. The test method is performed based on any test system described in the above invention content, and the test method comprises: Determining the ground stress according to geological data of the gas storage reservoir associated with the gas storage reservoir model, wherein the gas storage reservoir model is obtained by manufacturing a corresponding three-dimensional geological model according to the structural parameters of the gas storage reservoir; adjusting the stress loading device to apply the ground stress to the gas storage reservoir model to simulate the stress bearing environment of the gas storage reservoir; Determine the pressure change sequence and temperature change sequence of the air in the gas storage at a preset injection and production rate within a cycle operation period; According to the pressure change sequence and the temperature change sequence, the thermal loading device is adjusted to test the operating condition data of the gas storage reservoir, wherein the operating condition data at least includes rupture data, temperature data and deformation data.

[0013] An optional invention content, the determination of the pressure change sequence and temperature change sequence of the air in the gas storage at a preset injection and production rate within a cycle operation period includes: Determine, based on the structural data of the gas storage and the thermodynamic relationship associated with the compressed air, a temperature variation sequence of the air in the gas storage at a preset injection and production rate within a cycle operation period; Based on the temperature variation sequence, a pressure variation sequence of the air in the gas storage at a preset injection and production rate within a cycle operation period is determined.

[0014] An optional invention content, the geological data at least includes the following geological parameters: thermal conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient and external load.

[0015] In an optional invention, the test method further comprises a model manufacturing step of the gas storage reservoir model, wherein the model manufacturing step comprises: Obtain geological data and structural parameters of gas storage facilities; Based on the geological data and structural parameters, a gas storage reservoir model is cast.

[0016] An optional invention content is that the geological data of the cast gas storage model and the geological data of the gas storage have a geological similarity greater than or equal to a first similarity threshold.

[0017] An optional invention content, the test method also includes: Based on different injection and production rates, updating the pressure change sequence and the temperature change sequence; According to the updated pressure change sequence and temperature change sequence, the thermal loading device is adjusted to adjust the temperature and pressure of the gas storage model, so as to test the operating condition data of the gas storage at different injection and production rates.

[0018] An optional invention content, the test method also includes: After each update of the pressure change sequence and the temperature change sequence, the gas storage model is replaced.

[0019] An optional invention content, after replacing the gas storage reservoir model, the test method further includes: According to the updated pressure change sequence and temperature change sequence, the thermal loading device is adjusted to adjust the temperature and pressure of the replaced gas storage model, so as to test the operating condition data of gas storages with different structural parameters at different injection and production rates.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention includes a stress loading device, a thermal loading device, an acoustic emission monitoring device and a distributed optical fiber device. The stress loading device is provided with a housing cavity for accommodating a gas storage model, so as to apply stress to the gas storage model. The thermal loading device is in fluid communication with the gas storage cavity of the gas storage model, so as to adjust the pressure and temperature of the hydraulic oil in the gas storage cavity. The acoustic emission monitoring device is embedded in the stress loading device, so as to monitor the rupture data of the gas storage model. And the distributed optical fiber device is embedded in the gas storage cavity, and is arranged around the inner wall of the gas storage cavity, so as to monitor the temperature data and deformation data of the gas storage model. Thus, the corresponding stress, temperature and pressure can be applied to the gas storage model, and the operation test of the gas storage model under different working conditions can be carried out, and the structural stability of the gas storage model under different operating conditions can be monitored based on the rupture data, temperature data and deformation data. In addition, the operational safety of gas storage facilities under different gas storage structural parameters can be tested, which can provide data reference for the subsequent design of gas storage facilities and reduce the difficulty of designing gas storage structural parameters.

[0021] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present invention, it can be implemented according to the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are listed below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] By reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiment below, various other advantages and benefits will become clear to those of ordinary skill in the art. The accompanying drawings are only used for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiment and are not considered to be limitations of the present invention. In addition, the same reference symbols are used to represent the same components throughout the accompanying drawings.

[0023] In the attached picture: Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a gas storage reservoir test system based on gas storage reservoir structural parameters provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of a gas storage reservoir test system based on gas storage reservoir structural parameters provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between an acoustic emission sensor and a loading plate provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic flow chart of the steps of a gas storage reservoir test method based on gas storage reservoir structural parameters provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure numerals: 1. stress loading device; 11. loading plate; 1101. groove; 1102. liquid inlet hole; 1103. liquid outlet hole; 12. stress loading assembly; 2. acoustic emission sensor; 3. thermal loading device; 31. liquid pipeline; 4. distributed optical fiber sensor; 5. gas storage reservoir model; 501. gas storage cavity. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided in order to enable a more thorough understanding of the present invention and to enable the scope of the present invention to be fully communicated to those skilled in the art.

[0025] Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) is a large-scale energy storage technology that uses electricity to compress air and store it in underground gas storage reservoirs. When needed, the compressed air is released to generate electricity through turbines. CAES technology is suitable for balancing grid loads and storing intermittent electricity generated by renewable energy sources such as wind and solar energy, thereby improving the stability of the grid.

[0026] However, in the process of promoting compressed air energy storage power stations, since there are no completed gas storage projects for reference in actual applications, the difficulty of designing and constructing gas storage in different areas has been greatly increased.

[0027] Based on the above technical problems, an embodiment of the present invention is proposed. The embodiment of the present invention may include a stress loading device 1, a thermal loading device 3, an acoustic emission monitoring device and a distributed optical fiber device. The stress loading device 1 is provided with a housing cavity for accommodating a gas storage model 5, so as to apply stress to the gas storage model 5. The thermal loading device 3 is in fluid communication with the gas storage cavity 501 of the gas storage model 5, so as to adjust the pressure and temperature of the hydraulic oil in the gas storage cavity 501. The acoustic emission monitoring device is embedded in the stress loading device 1, so as to monitor the rupture data of the gas storage model 5. And the distributed optical fiber device is embedded in the gas storage cavity 501, and is arranged around the inner wall of the gas storage cavity 501, so as to monitor the temperature data and deformation data of the gas storage model 5. Thus, corresponding stress, temperature and pressure can be applied to the gas storage model 5, and operation tests of the gas storage model 5 under different working conditions can be carried out, and the structural stability of the gas storage model 5 under different operating conditions can be monitored based on the rupture data, temperature data and deformation data. This can provide data reference for the later design of gas storage facilities and reduce the difficulty of design and construction of gas storage facilities.

[0028] The embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the design stage of a gas storage, by applying corresponding stress, temperature and pressure to the gas storage model 5, conducting operation tests of the gas storage model 5 under different working conditions, and monitoring the structural stability of the gas storage model 5 under different operating conditions based on the rupture data, temperature data and deformation data. Thus, data reference can be provided for the design of a gas storage in the later stage.

[0029] In addition, the embodiments of the present invention can also be applied to the maintenance stage of the gas storage facility, that is, after being put into use, the operation test of the gas storage model 5 can be carried out based on the relevant operating parameters of the surrounding rock of the gas storage facility, so that the current operating conditions of the surrounding rock can be predicted based on the monitored fracture data, temperature data and deformation data, thereby facilitating the maintenance of the gas storage facility based on the predicted current operating conditions.

[0030] Reference Figure 1-3 The embodiment of the present invention provides a gas storage reservoir test system based on gas storage reservoir structural parameters. The test system may include a stress loading device 1, a thermal loading device 3, an acoustic emission monitoring device and a distributed optical fiber device, wherein: The stress loading device 1 is provided with a housing cavity for accommodating the gas storage model 5, so as to apply stress to the gas storage model 5. The thermal loading device 3 is in fluid communication with the gas storage cavity 501 of the gas storage model 5, so as to adjust the pressure and temperature of the hydraulic oil in the gas storage cavity 501. The acoustic emission monitoring device is embedded in the stress loading device 1, so as to monitor the rupture data of the gas storage model 5. And the distributed optical fiber device is embedded in the gas storage cavity 501, and is arranged around the inner wall of the gas storage cavity 501, so as to monitor the temperature data and deformation data of the gas storage model 5.

[0031] In the embodiment of the present invention, the geological parameters of the gas storage model 5 are associated with the geological parameters of the underground surrounding rock, that is, the geological similarity is greater than or equal to the first similarity threshold. The surrounding rock refers to the rock around the underground gas storage. The first similarity threshold can be 90%, 95%, 97%, etc., and those skilled in the art can determine the specific first similarity threshold based on the actual test results, which is not limited here. Among them, the geological parameters at least include thermal conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient, and external stress (also referred to as external load). Under the condition of ensuring geological similarity, it can be based on the structural parameters of the gas storage reservoir. For example, the structural parameters of the gas storage reservoir may include but are not limited to the lining radius, lining thickness, and stress resistance strength of the gas storage reservoir. The gas storage model 5 with a gas storage cavity 501 is cast using a variety of materials such as water, sand, lime, cement, and concrete. That is, the gas storage model is obtained by manufacturing a corresponding three-dimensional geological model based on the structural parameters of the gas storage reservoir. In some examples, the gas storage model 5 can be a hexahedron. In other examples, the gas storage model 5 may be a cube, the size of which may be 100 cm×100 cm×100 cm, and the annular cross-section of the gas storage cavity 501 may be circular.

[0032] The stress loading device 1 is used to apply stress to the gas storage reservoir model 5, that is, to simulate the external stress to which the underground surrounding rock of the excavated gas storage reservoir is subjected. Thus, the stress loading device 1 can be used to apply the same stress as the external stress to which the underground surrounding rock is subjected to to the gas storage reservoir model 5. In this way, the stress bearing environment of the underground gas storage reservoir can be simulated, and the geostress to which the gas storage reservoir is subjected in the actual underground environment can be simulated. Among them, the geostress refers to the stress existing in the earth's crust, which includes the stress caused by the weight of the rock above the gas storage reservoir, and the tectonic stress transmitted from the adjacent plots around the gas storage reservoir or the bottom of the gas storage reservoir.

[0033] The acoustic emission monitoring device is embedded in the stress loading device 1, and uses the acoustic emission phenomenon to monitor the rupture data of the gas storage model 5. The rupture data may include but are not limited to data such as model deformation and rupture. The acoustic emission phenomenon refers to the dislocation and fracture of the internal structure of a solid material when it is subjected to a load that exceeds its mechanical resistance bearing capacity. This process is accompanied by the release of energy, so that the energy is transmitted from the damaged part to the surrounding environment in the form of mechanical waves in the solid medium.

[0034] The thermal loading device 3 is in fluid communication with the gas storage cavity 501, and the pressure and temperature of the hydraulic oil in the gas storage cavity 501 are adjusted by the thermal loading device 3, so that the temperature and pressure of the hydraulic oil in the gas storage cavity 501 can be changed according to the operating parameters of different compressed air energy storage power stations, thereby forming a complete simulation of the change process of the corresponding gas temperature and pressure during the gas injection and gas production process of the gas storage reservoir. Among them, in some optional embodiments, the thermal loading device 3 can be a hydraulic station with a temperature control system. Thereby, the temperature and pressure of the hydraulic oil can be controlled during the test.

[0035] During the actual test, the stress loading device 1 is controlled to apply external stress to the surrounding rock associated with the gas storage model 5. Then, by repeatedly adjusting the temperature loading parameters and pressure loading parameters of the thermal loading device 3, the rupture data of the gas storage model 5 is monitored by the acoustic emission monitoring device, and the temperature data and deformation data of the gas storage are monitored by the distributed optical fiber device. Thus, the structural stability of the gas storage model 5 under different operating conditions can be monitored based on the rupture data, temperature data and deformation data. It can provide data reference for the design of the later gas storage, reduce the difficulty of the design and construction of the gas storage, and improve the structural stability of the compressed gas energy storage gas storage.

[0036] In an optional embodiment of the invention, referring to Figure 1 , Figure 2 as well as Figure 3 As shown, the stress loading device 1 may include six loading plates 11 and a stress loading assembly 12, and the six loading plates 11 cooperate to form the accommodating cavity, wherein at least two of the loading plates 11 are provided with connecting holes, and the connecting holes are used for the liquid pipeline 31 of the thermal loading device 3 to pass through. The stress loading assembly 12 is fixedly connected to the end surface of each loading plate 11 away from the accommodating cavity, so that the loading plate 11 is pushed to move by the stress loading assembly 12 to adjust the stress applied to the gas storage.

[0037] In an embodiment of the present invention, the loading plate 11 is used to form a pressure contact with the outer surface of the gas storage model 5 to simulate the ground stress on the surrounding rock / gas storage. The six faces of the hexahedral gas storage model 5 form pressure contacts with six loading plates 11 respectively. Among them, the end face of the loading plate 11 away from the gas storage model 5 is fixedly connected to the stress loading component 12. Therefore, under the action of the stress loading component 12, the loading plate 11 is pushed to move closer to or away from the gas storage model 5. In this way, the stress applied to the gas storage model 5 can be adjusted. By adjusting the pressure of different loading plates 11 on the gas storage model 5, the ground stress on the surrounding rock with different geological parameters can be simulated.

[0038] In some embodiments, in order to facilitate the placement and fixation of the gas storage model 5, the loading plate 11 at the bottom is fixed in position during the actual adjustment process. Thus, the movement of the top loading plate 11 and the four side loading plates 11 can be adjusted to achieve stress adjustment of the gas storage model 5.

[0039] In some embodiments, the bottom loading plate 11 may be provided with a connecting hole, and the connecting hole is used for the liquid pipeline 31 of the thermal loading device 3 to pass through. Thus, when the loading plate 11 forms a pressure contact with the gas storage reservoir model 5, the gas storage cavity 501 of the gas storage reservoir model 5 can be connected with the external liquid path. The connecting hole may include a liquid inlet hole 1102 and a liquid outlet hole 1103. The liquid pipeline 31 may be a rigid pipeline, for example, the liquid pipeline 31 may be a steel pipe.

[0040] In some optional embodiments, considering that the annular cross-section of the gas storage cavity 501 is generally circular, the liquid pipeline 31 can be fixed on the two axial end faces of the gas storage cavity 501. And two oppositely disposed loading plates 11 are selected to respectively open a liquid inlet hole 1102 and a liquid outlet hole 1103. For example, two oppositely disposed side loading plates 11 are respectively opened with a liquid inlet hole 1102 and a liquid outlet hole 1103. For another example, two oppositely disposed top loading plates 11 and bottom loading plates 11 are respectively opened with a liquid inlet hole 1102 and a liquid outlet hole 1103.

[0041] Considering the convenience of adjusting the stress loading assembly 12, the top loading plate 11 and the bottom loading plate 11 may be provided with a liquid inlet hole 1102 and a liquid outlet hole 1103, respectively. For example, the top loading plate 11 may be provided with a liquid inlet hole 1102, and the bottom loading plate 11 may be provided with a liquid outlet hole 1103. For another example, the bottom loading plate 11 may be provided with a liquid inlet hole 1102, and the top loading plate 11 may be provided with a liquid outlet hole 1103.

[0042] Considering the sealing performance of the gas storage cavity 501, the liquid pipeline 31 may include a joint pipeline, and the joint pipeline may be fixed to the gas storage model 5 by casting during the process of manufacturing the gas storage model 5. The joint pipeline and the connecting hole are clearance-matched, so that the gas storage model 5 can be placed on the bottom loading plate 11, and the gas storage model 5 can also be positioned by the joint pipeline, so as to facilitate the stress adjustment of the stress loading component 12.

[0043] As an example of the stress loading component 12, the stress loading component 12 can be realized by opening a threaded hole on a fixing plate, inserting a connecting bolt into the threaded hole, and threadedly connecting with the fixing plate, and the top of the connecting bolt forms a pressure contact with the loading plate 11, so that the stress applied by the loading plate 11 to the gas storage reservoir model 5 can be adjusted by screwing the connecting bolt. During the screwing process, a pressure sensor can be provided at the top of the connecting bolt, so that the pressure applied to the loading plate 11 can be detected by the pressure sensor.

[0044] In an optional embodiment of the invention, referring to Figure 3 As shown, the acoustic emission monitoring device includes at least one acoustic emission sensor 2 , and at least one groove 1101 is formed on the end surface of the loading plate 11 close to the accommodating cavity, and the acoustic emission sensor 2 is embedded in the groove 1101 .

[0045] In an embodiment of the present invention, the acoustic emission monitoring device may include at least one acoustic emission sensor 2, and the acoustic emission sensor 2 is mainly based on the piezoelectric effect, and converts the received mechanical vibration (also called mechanical wave or stress wave) in the gas storage reservoir model 5 into an electrical signal. Therefore, at least one groove 1101 can be provided on the end surface of the loading plate 11 close to the accommodating cavity, and the number of the grooves 1101 can be adapted to the number of the acoustic emission sensors 2. Thus, the acoustic emission sensor 2 is embedded in the groove 1101 and fixed, and the sensor head of the acoustic emission sensor 2 can be flush with the surface of the loading plate 11, so that when the loading plate 11 forms a pressure contact with the gas storage reservoir model 5, the acoustic emission sensor 2 can be ensured to form a pressure contact with the gas storage reservoir model 5, thereby ensuring the detection accuracy of the acoustic emission sensor 2.

[0046] The bottom wall of the groove 1101 may also be provided with a wire hole connected to the end surface of the loading plate 11 away from the accommodating cavity, so as to facilitate the routing of the acoustic emission sensor 2 .

[0047] In an optional embodiment of the invention, when there are at least two acoustic emission sensors 2 , at least two acoustic emission sensors 2 are spaced apart and distributed on the loading plate 11 .

[0048] In the embodiment of the present invention, in order to improve the detection accuracy of the deformation data of the gas storage reservoir model 5, a plurality of acoustic emission sensors 2 may be provided. When there are at least two acoustic emission sensors 2, at least two acoustic emission sensors 2 are spaced apart on the loading plate 11, so that the deformation data of the gas storage reservoir model 5 can be monitored from different angles.

[0049] For example, two acoustic emission sensors 2 are installed on the top loading plate 11, two acoustic emission sensors 2 are installed on the bottom loading plate 11, and three emission sensors are installed on each side loading plate 11. Those skilled in the art can also select the number of the acoustic emission sensors 2 to be set according to the size specifications of the gas storage model 5, and no excessive limitation is made here.

[0050] In an optional embodiment of the invention, the distributed optical fiber device includes a distributed optical fiber sensor 4, wherein the distributed optical fiber sensor 4 surrounds the inner wall of the gas storage cavity 501 at least twice.

[0051] In the embodiment of the present invention, the distributed optical fiber sensor 4 utilizes the scattering phenomenon in the optical fiber and obtains the physical parameter distribution information along the length direction of the optical fiber by detecting the scattered light. Thus, the temperature data and deformation data along the length direction of the optical fiber can be obtained through the distributed optical fiber sensor 4 embedded in the gas storage cavity 501.

[0052] In order to improve the detection accuracy of the temperature data and the detection accuracy of the deformation data, the distributed optical fiber sensor 4 in the gas storage cavity 501 needs to have a certain length. Preferably, the distributed optical fiber sensor 4 surrounds the inner wall of the gas storage cavity 501 at least twice, so as to ensure that the amount of data detected in the circumferential direction of the gas storage cavity 501 is sufficient. When the distributed optical fiber sensor 4 is embedded in the inner wall of the gas storage cavity 501, it can be spirally wrapped around the inner wall of the gas storage cavity 501, and the spacing between two adjacent circles of the distributed optical fiber sensor 4 can be kept the same everywhere. For example, the spacing can be 10 cm, etc., which is not limited too much here.

[0053] The two ends of the distributed optical fiber sensor 4 are respectively led out from the liquid outlet 1103 and the liquid inlet 1102, and a corresponding optical fiber guide hole can be opened on the liquid cooling pipe for the distributed optical fiber sensor 4 to pass through. Those skilled in the art can seal the optical fiber guide hole according to the actual scenario, and no further limitation is made here.

[0054] In summary, the embodiment of the present invention discloses a stress loading device 1, a thermal loading device 3, an acoustic emission monitoring device and a distributed optical fiber device. The stress loading device 1 is provided with a housing cavity for accommodating a gas storage model 5, so as to apply stress to the gas storage model 5. The thermal loading device 3 is in fluid communication with the gas storage cavity 501 of the gas storage model 5, so as to adjust the pressure and temperature of the hydraulic oil in the gas storage cavity 501. The acoustic emission monitoring device is embedded in the stress loading device 1, so as to monitor the rupture data of the gas storage model 5. And the distributed optical fiber device is embedded in the gas storage cavity 501, and is arranged around the inner wall of the gas storage cavity 501, so as to monitor the temperature data and deformation data of the gas storage model 5. Thus, the corresponding stress, temperature and pressure can be applied to the gas storage model 5, and the operation test of the gas storage model 5 under different working conditions can be carried out, and the structural stability of the gas storage model 5 under different operating conditions can be monitored based on the rupture data, temperature data and deformation data. This can provide data reference for the later design of gas storage facilities and reduce the difficulty of design and construction of gas storage facilities.

[0055] Reference Figure 4 The embodiment of the present invention provides a gas storage reservoir test method based on gas storage reservoir structural parameters, and the test method may include: S401. Determine the ground stress according to the geological data of the gas storage reservoir associated with the gas storage reservoir model 5.

[0056] S402, adjusting the stress loading device 1 to apply the ground stress to the gas storage reservoir model 5 to simulate the stress bearing environment of the gas storage reservoir.

[0057] In an embodiment of the present invention, the test method further includes a model manufacturing step of the gas storage reservoir model 5, and the model manufacturing step may further include obtaining geological data and structural parameters of the gas storage reservoir, and then casting the gas storage reservoir model 5 based on the geological data and structural parameters, wherein the geological similarity between the geological data of the gas storage reservoir model 5 and the geological data of the gas storage reservoir is greater than or equal to a first similarity threshold. The first similarity threshold may be a condition for determining that the material for manufacturing the gas storage reservoir model 5 can replace the actual surrounding rock material. For example, the surrounding rock refers to the rock surrounding the underground gas storage reservoir. The first similarity threshold may be 90%, 95%, 97%, etc., and those skilled in the art may determine the specific first similarity threshold based on the actual test results, which is not excessively limited here.

[0058] Thus, the geological parameters of the manufactured gas storage reservoir model 5 are associated with the geological parameters around the gas storage reservoir, that is, the geological similarity is greater than or equal to the first similarity threshold. Among them, the geological data includes at least the following geological parameters: thermal conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient, and external stress (also referred to as external load). Under the condition of ensuring geological similarity, the gas storage reservoir structure parameters can be based on, for example, the gas storage reservoir structure parameters can include but are not limited to the lining radius, lining thickness, stress resistance strength, etc. of the gas storage reservoir. The gas storage reservoir model 5 with a gas storage cavity 501 is cast using a variety of materials such as water, sand, lime, cement, and concrete. That is, the gas storage reservoir model is obtained by manufacturing a corresponding three-dimensional geological model based on the gas storage reservoir structure parameters. In some examples, the gas storage reservoir model 5 can be a hexahedron. In other examples, the gas storage reservoir model 5 can be a cube, and its size can be 100cm×100cm×100cm, and the annular cross-section of the gas storage cavity 501 can be circular.

[0059] In some optional embodiments of the invention, when comparing geological similarities, the parameter similarities of various geological parameters can be accumulated and then averaged to obtain a mean similarity value as the geological similarity.

[0060] The stress loading device 1 is used to apply stress to the gas storage reservoir model 5, that is, to simulate the external stress to which the underground surrounding rock of the excavated gas storage reservoir is subjected. Thus, the stress loading device 1 can be used to apply the same stress as the external stress to which the underground surrounding rock is subjected to to the gas storage reservoir model 5. In this way, the stress bearing environment of the underground gas storage reservoir can be simulated, and the geostress to which the gas storage reservoir is subjected in the actual underground environment can be simulated. Among them, the geostress refers to the stress existing in the earth's crust, which includes the stress caused by the weight of the rock above the gas storage reservoir, and the tectonic stress transmitted from the adjacent plots around the gas storage reservoir or the bottom of the gas storage reservoir.

[0061] S403, determining a pressure change sequence and a temperature change sequence of the air in the gas storage at a preset injection and production rate within a cycle operation period.

[0062] S404, adjusting the thermal loading device 3 according to the pressure change sequence and the temperature change sequence to test the operating condition data of the gas storage.

[0063] In the embodiment of the present invention, it is considered that the energy stored in the gas storage is the thermal energy and pressure potential energy of the air. During the operation of the gas storage, the temperature and pressure of the gas in the gas storage are constantly changing and affecting each other. In addition, due to a cyclic working cycle of the gas storage, it includes the inflation stage, the gas storage stage, the deflation stage and the gas storage stage in time sequence. When the gas storage is in the inflation stage, gas injection compression is performed; when the gas storage is in the first gas storage stage, high-pressure gas is stored; when the gas storage is in the deflation stage, high-pressure gas is collected, that is, gas deflation is performed for power generation; when the gas storage is in the second gas storage stage, low-pressure gas is stored.

[0064] The preset injection and production efficiency includes the injection rate and the production rate. In the process of large-scale temperature increase and pressure increase and temperature and pressure reduction of compressed air in the gas storage, different temperature increase and pressure increase rates, and temperature and pressure reduction rates, the temperature, external stress and structural deformation of the structure of the gas storage will change. It will have a certain impact on the stable operation of the gas storage. Therefore, the pressure change sequence and temperature change sequence of the air in the gas storage under the preset injection and production efficiency are calculated, and the temperature and pressure regulation of the thermal loading device 3 can be used to simulate the air temperature change and air pressure change of the gas storage in an actual operation cycle according to the time sequence. The pressure change sequence is used to characterize the change of the air pressure value in a cycle, and the temperature change sequence is used to characterize the change of the air temperature value in a cycle.

[0065] Thus, the pressure and temperature of the hydraulic oil in the gas storage cavity 501 can be adjusted by the thermal loading device 3 according to the pressure change sequence and the temperature change sequence, and the operating condition data of the gas storage reservoir can be tested by monitoring the deformation of the gas storage reservoir model 5. The operating condition data may include rupture data, temperature data and deformation data, and the operating condition data is obtained by detecting the acoustic emission sensor 2 and the distributed optical fiber sensor 4. Among them, the rupture data may include the number of cracks and the width of cracks in the gas storage reservoir.

[0066] This can provide data reference for the subsequent construction of gas storage facilities and the setting of operating parameters for compressed air energy storage power stations, reducing the difficulty of designing and constructing gas storage facilities.

[0067] In some optional embodiments, the pressure change sequence of the air in the gas storage at a preset injection and production rate within a cycle can be determined based on the structural data of the gas storage and the thermodynamic relationship associated with the compressed air. The structural data may include the volume of the gas storage, the leakage, and the surrounding rock temperature. Considering that when an underground gas storage is artificially constructed, it is usually excavated under hard rock conditions, so the volume of the gas storage can be a constant. And considering that the gas storage has good sealing performance, the leakage of the gas storage during normal gas storage can be ignored. Therefore, the thermodynamic control formula for compressed air in the gas storage can be as follows: Formula (1) In the above formula (1), p is the gas pressure of the gas storage reservoir (Pa); V is the volume of the gas storage reservoir ( ); T is the compressed air temperature in the gas storage (K); ρ is the compressed air density in the gas storage ( ); is the isochoric specific heat of air (J / (kg·K)); R is the air gas constant (J / (kg·K)); Z is the air compressibility factor; is the convective heat transfer rate (J / s); is the heat exchange coefficient between air and surrounding rock in the gas storage (W / ( )); is the surface area of ​​the gas storage reservoir ( ); is the surrounding rock temperature (K); t is the calculation time (s); u is the gas internal energy of the gas storage (J); h is the gas enthalpy of the gas storage (J); is the injected gas enthalpy (J); , They are respectively the gas injection rate function and the gas production rate function (kg / s).

[0068] Furthermore, the expressions of the gas enthalpy and internal energy in the gas storage reservoir may be replaced by the following replacement formula: Formula (2) In the above formula (2), is the isobaric specific heat of air (J / (kg·K)); is the injected air temperature (K); is the initial temperature of the gas in the gas storage (K); is the initial density of the gas in the gas storage reservoir ( ).

[0069] In the embodiment of the present invention, in order to simplify the calculation, the temperature change of the surrounding rock can be ignored, the gas density in the gas storage is replaced by the average gas density during the calculation period, and the air is considered to be an ideal gas. According to formula (1) and formula (2), if Z=1, then ; At the same time, assuming that the surrounding rock temperature remains unchanged, the gas injection efficiency and gas production rate of the gas storage are constant, then , Does not change over time, that is , , the simplified calculation formula of gas density and gas temperature of gas storage is as follows: Formula (3) Formula (4) Formula (5) In the above formula (3), formula (4) and formula (5), when n=1, it corresponds to the first gas storage stage, when n=2, it corresponds to the gas release stage, and when n=3, it corresponds to the second gas storage stage; Refers to the start time of the nth stage When n=0, Refers to the start time of the inflation phase The temperature at that time; for example, when n=1, Refers to the start time of the first gas storage stage The temperature at that time; for example, when n=2, Refers to the start of the deflation phase The temperature at that time; for example, when n=3, Refers to the start time of the second gas storage stage Temperature at Refers to the initial moment of a cycle (i.e., gas injection and production cycle), and is also the beginning moment of the gas filling phase; Refers to the end time of the inflation phase in a cycle, and also the beginning time of the first gas storage phase in a cycle; Refers to the end time of the first gas storage phase in a cycle, and also the start time of the gas release phase in a cycle; Refers to the end time of the deflation phase in a cycle, and also the start time of the second gas storage phase in a cycle; It refers to the end time of a cycle operation period (i.e. injection and production gas cycle), and also the end time of the second gas storage stage in a cycle. Refers to the average density of gas in a gas storage reservoir during a cycle of operation.

[0070] After obtaining the gas temperature using formula (3), formula (4) and formula (5), the gas pressure in the gas storage reservoir can be calculated using formula (1). Thus, the pressure change sequence and temperature change sequence at the preset injection and production rate within a cycle operation period can be obtained.

[0071] In an optional embodiment of the invention, the test method may further include updating the pressure change sequence and the temperature change sequence based on different injection and production rates. According to the updated pressure change sequence and temperature change sequence, the thermal loading device 3 is adjusted to adjust the temperature and pressure of the gas storage model 5, so as to test the operating condition data of the gas storage at different injection and production rates.

[0072] In the embodiment of the present invention, the injection and production rate can be set to multiple rates in advance, so that according to different injection and production rates, the pressure change sequence and temperature change sequence of the air in the gas storage at different injection and production rates in a cycle working period can be obtained, so that the temperature and pressure of the gas storage model 5 can be adjusted according to the updated pressure change sequence and temperature change sequence. Therefore, by monitoring the data of the gas storage model 5, the operating condition data of the gas storage at different injection and production rates can be obtained. And according to the operating condition data at different injection and production rates, a data reference can be provided for the setting of the operating parameters of the compressed air energy storage power station.

[0073] In other embodiments, in order to improve the test accuracy of the operating condition data at different injection rates, the gas storage reservoir model 5 can be replaced after each update of the pressure change sequence and the temperature change sequence, thereby preventing the operating condition data obtained in the previous test from affecting the test results of the current test.

[0074] In summary, the embodiment of the present invention discloses a gas storage test method based on gas storage structural parameters, and the test method may include first determining the ground stress according to the geological data of the gas storage associated with the gas storage model 5, wherein the geological data at least includes the following geological parameters: thermal conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient and external load. Then, the stress loading device 1 is adjusted to apply the ground stress to the gas storage model 5 to simulate the stress bearing environment of the gas storage. Then, the pressure change sequence and temperature change sequence of the gas storage air at a preset injection and production rate within a cycle operation period are determined. Finally, according to the pressure change sequence and temperature change sequence, the thermal loading device 3 is adjusted to test the operating condition data of the gas storage, wherein the operating condition data at least includes rupture data, temperature data and deformation data. Thus, the operating condition of the gas storage in the process of large-scale temperature increase and pressure increase and temperature decrease and pressure reduction of the compressed air in the gas storage can be tested. Therefore, data reference can be provided for the design of the later gas storage, reducing the difficulty of design and construction of the gas storage. It can also provide a reference for setting the operating parameters of compressed air energy storage power stations.

[0075] In an embodiment of the present invention, after determining the operating condition data of the gas storage reservoir according to the embodiment corresponding to the above-mentioned test method, considering that the operating condition data includes the rupture data, temperature data and deformation data of the gas storage reservoir, it can be determined based on the operating condition data whether to increase the thickness of the lining structure of the gas storage reservoir, or replace the tensile strength of the lining material of the gas storage reservoir, or reinforce the surrounding rock of the gas storage reservoir. Thus, an optimization scheme for the structural parameters of the gas storage reservoir can be determined based on the operating condition data. The optimization scheme for the structural parameters of the gas storage reservoir can be an optimization scheme for the structural parameters determined on the basis of the preliminary design scheme, with the operating condition data as a data reference. Thus, the operating stability of the compressed air energy storage power station can be further improved.

[0076] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0077] It is easy for a person skilled in the art to think that any combination of the above embodiments is feasible, so any combination of the above embodiments is an implementation scheme of the present invention. However, due to space limitations, this specification will not describe them in detail here.

[0078] In the description provided herein, a large number of specific details are described. However, it is understood that embodiments of the present invention can be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, structures and techniques are not shown in detail so as not to obscure the understanding of this description.

[0079] Similarly, it should be understood that in order to streamline the present invention and aid in understanding one or more of the various inventive aspects, in the above description of exemplary embodiments of the present invention, various features of the present invention are sometimes grouped together into a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof.

[0080] In addition, those skilled in the art will appreciate that, although some embodiments described herein include certain features included in other embodiments but not other features, the combination of features of different embodiments is meant to be within the scope of the present invention and form different embodiments. For example, in the claims, any one of the claimed embodiments can be used in any combination.

Claims

1. A gas storage reservoir test system based on gas storage reservoir structural parameters, characterized in that: The test system comprises: A stress loading device (1), wherein a housing cavity for housing a gas storage reservoir model (5) is provided in the stress loading device (1), and is used to apply stress to the gas storage reservoir model (5), wherein the gas storage reservoir model (5) is obtained by manufacturing a corresponding three-dimensional geological model based on gas storage reservoir structural parameters; A thermal loading device (3), the thermal loading device (3) being in fluid communication with the gas storage cavity (501) of the gas storage reservoir model (5) and being used for adjusting the pressure and temperature of the hydraulic oil in the gas storage cavity (501); An acoustic emission monitoring device, the acoustic emission monitoring device being embedded in the stress loading device (1) and used to monitor rupture data of the gas storage model (5); A distributed optical fiber device is embedded in the gas storage cavity (501) and arranged around the inner wall of the gas storage cavity (501) to monitor temperature data and deformation data of the gas storage reservoir model (5).

2. The gas storage reservoir test system based on gas storage reservoir structural parameters according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The stress loading device (1) comprises: Six loading plates (11), the six loading plates (11) cooperate to form the accommodating cavity, wherein at least two of the loading plates (11) are provided with connecting holes, and the connecting holes are used for the liquid pipeline (31) of the thermal loading device (3) to pass through; A stress loading component (12) is fixedly connected to the end surface of each loading plate (11) away from the accommodating cavity, so that the stress loading component (12) can push the loading plate (11) to move and adjust the stress applied to the gas storage.

3. The gas storage reservoir test system based on gas storage reservoir structural parameters according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The communicating hole comprises a liquid inlet hole (1102) and a liquid outlet hole (1103), wherein the liquid inlet hole (1102) is opened on the bottom loading plate (11), and the liquid outlet hole (1103) is opened on the top loading plate (11); or, The liquid outlet hole (1103) is opened on the bottom loading plate (11), and the liquid inlet hole (1102) is opened on the top loading plate (11).

4. The gas storage reservoir test system based on gas storage reservoir structural parameters according to claim 2, characterized in that: The communication hole and the liquid pipeline (31) are clearance-matched.

5. The gas storage reservoir test system based on gas storage reservoir structural parameters according to claim 2, characterized in that: The acoustic emission monitoring device comprises at least one acoustic emission sensor (2); at least one groove (1101) is provided on the end surface of the loading plate (11) close to the accommodating cavity; and the acoustic emission sensor (2) is embedded in the groove (1101).

6. The gas storage reservoir test system based on gas storage reservoir structural parameters according to claim 5, characterized in that: When there are at least two acoustic emission sensors (2), the at least two acoustic emission sensors (2) are spaced apart and distributed on the loading plate (11).

7. The gas storage reservoir test system based on gas storage reservoir structural parameters according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distributed optical fiber device comprises a distributed optical fiber sensor (4), wherein the distributed optical fiber sensor (4) surrounds the inner wall of the gas storage cavity (501) at least twice.

8. A gas storage reservoir test method based on gas storage reservoir structural parameters, characterized in that: The test method is performed based on the test system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, and the test method comprises: Determining the ground stress based on geological data of the gas storage reservoir associated with the gas storage reservoir model (5), wherein the gas storage reservoir model (5) is obtained by manufacturing a corresponding three-dimensional geological model based on the structural parameters of the gas storage reservoir; The stress loading device (1) is adjusted to apply the ground stress to the gas storage reservoir model (5) to simulate the stress bearing environment of the gas storage reservoir; Determine the pressure change sequence and temperature change sequence of the air in the gas storage at a preset injection and production rate within a cycle operation period; According to the pressure change sequence and the temperature change sequence, the thermal loading device (3) is adjusted to test the operating condition data of the gas storage reservoir, wherein the operating condition data at least includes rupture data, temperature data and deformation data.

9. The gas storage reservoir test method based on gas storage reservoir structural parameters according to claim 8, characterized in that: The step of determining the pressure change sequence and temperature change sequence of the air in the gas storage at a preset injection and production rate within a cycle operation period includes: Determine, based on the structural data of the gas storage and the thermodynamic relationship associated with the compressed air, a temperature variation sequence of the air in the gas storage at a preset injection and production rate within a cycle operation period; Based on the temperature variation sequence, a pressure variation sequence of the air in the gas storage at a preset injection and production rate within a cycle operation period is determined.

10. The gas storage reservoir test method based on gas storage reservoir structural parameters according to claim 8, characterized in that: The geological data at least include the following geological parameters: thermal conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient and external load.

11. The gas storage reservoir test method based on gas storage reservoir structural parameters according to claim 8, characterized in that: The test method further comprises a model manufacturing step of the gas storage reservoir model (5), wherein the model manufacturing step comprises: Obtain geological data and structural parameters of gas storage facilities; Based on the geological data and structural parameters, a gas storage reservoir model (5) is cast.

12. The gas storage reservoir test method based on gas storage reservoir structural parameters according to claim 11, characterized in that: The geological similarity between the geological data of the gas storage model (5) obtained by casting and the geological data of the gas storage is greater than or equal to a first similarity threshold.

13. The gas storage reservoir test method based on gas storage reservoir structural parameters according to claim 9, characterized in that: The test method also includes: Based on different injection and production rates, updating the pressure change sequence and the temperature change sequence; According to the updated pressure change sequence and temperature change sequence, the thermal loading device (3) is adjusted to adjust the temperature and pressure of the gas storage reservoir model (5) so as to test the operating condition data of the gas storage reservoir at different injection and production rates.

14. The gas storage reservoir test method based on gas storage reservoir structural parameters according to claim 13, characterized in that: The test method also includes: After each update of the pressure change sequence and the temperature change sequence, the gas storage reservoir model (5) is replaced.

15. The gas storage reservoir test method based on gas storage reservoir structural parameters according to claim 14, characterized in that: After replacing the gas storage reservoir model (5), the test method further comprises: According to the updated pressure change sequence and temperature change sequence, the thermal loading device (3) is adjusted to adjust the temperature and pressure of the replaced gas storage reservoir model (5) so as to test the operating condition data of gas storage reservoirs with different structural parameters at different injection and production rates.

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