Application method of fireproof and heat-insulating materials with different fireproof grades on ocean vessel

Abstract

The invention discloses an application method of fireproof thermal insulation materials with different fire resistance grades on an ocean vessel, and relates to the technical field of ships. The laying thicknesses of the fireproof heat-insulation materials are different according to the fire resistance grade, the material type and the ship body laying position of the fireproof heat-insulation materials. According to different fireproof grades, material types, ship body laying positions and laying thicknesses of the fireproof heat insulation materials, the fireproof heat insulation materials with different thicknesses can be arranged under different conditions, the weight and cost of the ship can be reduced, and meanwhile the heat insulation and fireproof performance is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of ship technology, and in particular to a method for applying fireproof and heat-insulating materials with different fire resistance levels on ocean-going vessels. Background Art

[0002] Special ships are a type of ship with specific functions and usage scenarios, such as ocean-going survey ships, submarine operation ships, polar exploration ships, etc. Their design often focuses more on the compactness, airtightness and continuity of operation of the structure. Such ships are usually used to perform specific and complex tasks, and have extremely strict safety requirements such as fire prevention. Their fire resistance requirements are different from those of ordinary ships. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new application methods for fireproof and heat-insulating materials for special ships, improve the durability of fireproof and heat-insulating materials, and enhance the fireproof and heat-insulating performance of ships. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present application provides a method for applying fireproof and heat-insulating materials with different fire resistance levels on ocean-going vessels, so as to develop new application methods for fireproof and heat-insulating materials for special ships, improve the durability of fireproof and heat-insulating materials, and enhance the fireproof and heat-insulating performance of ships.

[0004] In a first aspect, the present application provides a method for applying fireproof and heat-insulating materials with different fire resistance levels on ocean-going vessels, wherein the laying thickness of the fireproof and heat-insulating materials is different according to the fire resistance level, material type and laying position on the hull of the fireproof and heat-insulating materials.

[0005] The present application sets different thicknesses of fireproof and heat-insulating materials according to their fire resistance grade, material type and hull laying position, thereby achieving different thicknesses of fireproof and heat-insulating materials in different situations, which can reduce the weight and cost of the ship while ensuring thermal insulation and fireproof performance.

[0006] In some embodiments, the fireproof and heat-insulating materials have fire resistance grades including A-60, A-30 and A-15, and the fire resistance grades include three grades: A, B and C. Among them, the A-class fireproof material is required to withstand a temperature rise change from 0 to 925°C within a 1-hour standard fire resistance test, and be able to prevent smoke and flames from passing through at the end. Specifically, Class A fire protection can be subdivided into three grades: A-60, A-30 and A-15, wherein the rear number indicates the fire resistance time during which the back-fire surface temperature does not exceed the limit value. A-60 refers to the average temperature of the back-fire side within 60 minutes, which is no more than 139°C higher than the original temperature, and the temperature at any point including any joint is no more than 180°C higher than the original temperature. A-30 refers to the average temperature of the back-fire side within 30 minutes, which is no more than 139°C higher than the original temperature, and the temperature at any point including any joint is no more than 180°C higher than the original temperature. A-15 means that the average temperature of the non-fired side of the A-class fire-resistant steel shall not exceed 139°C over the original temperature within 15 minutes, and the temperature at any point including any joint shall not exceed 180°C over the original temperature; and / or

[0007] The types of fireproof and heat-insulating materials include aluminum silicate fibers, aerogels and organic intumescent fire-retardant coatings; and / or,

[0008] The hull locations where the insulation is laid include the deck and the bulkhead. The deck is laid flat and the bulkhead is laid vertically. Due to the particularity of the ship structure, the bulkhead needs to bear more structural stress from the hull than the deck. Therefore, it is usually necessary to thicken the insulation layer to ensure the structural stability of the bulkhead.

[0009] In some embodiments, the aluminum silicate fiber includes at least one of polycrystalline silk fiber and aluminum silicate blanket fiber. Using any one of the above aluminum silicate fibers can improve the fireproof and heat-insulating properties of the fireproof and heat-insulating material while reducing the weight of the ship; and / or,

[0010] The aerogel includes at least one of a micro-nanoporous aerogel composite material and an inorganic solid aerogel thermal insulation material. Using any one of the above aerogels can improve the fireproof and thermal insulation performance of the fireproof and thermal insulation material and reduce the weight of the ship; and / or,

[0011] The organic intumescent fire retardant coating comprises at least one of epoxy intumescent fire retardant coating and phenolic intumescent fire retardant coating. The use of any one of the above organic intumescent fire retardant coatings can improve the fireproof and heat-insulating properties of fireproof and heat-insulating materials while reducing the weight of the ship.

[0012] In some embodiments, if the fireproof and heat-insulating material has a fire resistance grade of A-60, the type of the fireproof and heat-insulating material is aluminum silicate fiber, and the laying position is the deck, the laying thickness is greater than or equal to 20 mm. On the deck, the laying thickness of aluminum silicate fiber is greater than or equal to 20 mm, which can ensure the fireproof and heat-insulating effect of the material while minimizing the extra weight of the ship. This not only helps to improve the ship's load-carrying capacity and fuel efficiency, but also ensures the lightweight design of the structure, meeting the dual needs of modern ships for safety and economic performance;

[0013] If the fireproof and heat-insulating material has a fire resistance rating of A-60, the type of fireproof and heat-insulating material is aerogel, and the laying position is the deck, the laying thickness is greater than or equal to 20mm. On the deck, laying aerogel with a thickness greater than or equal to 20mm can ensure the fireproof and heat-insulating effect of the material while minimizing the extra weight of the ship. This not only helps to improve the ship's load-carrying capacity and fuel efficiency, but also ensures the lightweight design of the structure, meeting the dual needs of modern ships for safety and economic performance;

[0014] If the fireproof and heat-insulating material has a fire resistance rating of A-60, the type of fireproof and heat-insulating material is aluminum silicate fiber, and the laying position is the bulkhead, the laying thickness is greater than or equal to 30 mm. On the bulkhead, laying aluminum silicate fiber with a thickness greater than or equal to 30 mm can ensure the fireproof and heat-insulating effect of the material while minimizing the additional weight of the ship. This not only helps to improve the ship's load-carrying capacity and fuel efficiency, but also ensures the lightweight design of the structure, meeting the dual needs of modern ships for safety and economic performance;

[0015] If the fireproof and heat-insulating material has a fire resistance grade of A-60, the type of fireproof and heat-insulating material is aerogel, and the laying position is the bulkhead, the laying thickness is greater than or equal to 30mm. On the bulkhead, the laying thickness of aluminum silicate fiber is greater than or equal to 30mm, which can ensure the fireproof and heat-insulating effect of the material and reduce the additional weight of the ship as much as possible. This not only helps to improve the ship's load-carrying capacity and fuel efficiency, but also ensures the lightweight design of the structure, meeting the dual needs of modern ships for safety and economic performance.

[0016] In some embodiments, if the fireproof and heat-insulating material has a fire resistance grade of A-30 and the type of the fireproof and heat-insulating material is aluminum silicate fiber, the laying thickness is greater than or equal to 20 mm. The laying thickness of aluminum silicate fiber is greater than or equal to 20 mm, which can ensure the fireproof and heat-insulating effect of the material while reducing the extra weight of the ship as much as possible. This not only helps to improve the ship's load-carrying capacity and fuel efficiency, but also ensures the lightweight design of the structure, meeting the dual needs of modern ships for safety and economic performance;

[0017] If the fireproof and heat-insulating material has a fire resistance grade of A-30 and the type of fireproof and heat-insulating material is aerogel, the laying thickness is greater than or equal to 20mm. Laying aerogel with a thickness greater than or equal to 20mm can ensure the fireproof and heat-insulating effect of the material while minimizing the extra weight of the ship. This not only helps to improve the ship's load-carrying capacity and fuel efficiency, but also ensures the lightweight design of the structure, meeting the dual needs of modern ships for safety and economic performance;

[0018] If the fireproof and heat-insulating material has a fire resistance grade of A-30 and the type of fireproof and heat-insulating material is an organic intumescent fire-retardant coating, the laying thickness is greater than or equal to 4mm. The laying thickness of the organic intumescent fire-retardant coating is greater than or equal to 4mm, which can ensure the fireproof and heat-insulating effect of the material and reduce the extra weight of the ship as much as possible. This not only helps to improve the ship's load-carrying capacity and fuel efficiency, but also ensures the lightweight design of the structure, meeting the dual needs of modern ships for safety and economic performance.

[0019] In some embodiments, if the fireproof and heat-insulating material has a fire resistance grade of A-15 and the type of the fireproof and heat-insulating material is aluminum silicate fiber, the laying thickness is greater than or equal to 15 mm. The laying thickness of aluminum silicate fiber is greater than or equal to 15 mm, which can ensure the fireproof and heat-insulating effect of the material while minimizing the extra weight of the ship. This not only helps to improve the ship's load-carrying capacity and fuel efficiency, but also ensures the lightweight design of the structure, meeting the dual needs of modern ships for safety and economic performance;

[0020] If the fireproof and heat-insulating material has a fire resistance grade of A-15 and the type of fireproof and heat-insulating material is aerogel, the laying thickness is greater than or equal to 15mm, which can ensure the fireproof and heat-insulating effect of the material while minimizing the extra weight of the ship. This not only helps to improve the ship's load-carrying capacity and fuel efficiency, but also ensures the lightweight design of the structure, meeting the dual needs of modern ships for safety and economic performance;

[0021] If the fireproof and heat-insulating material has a fire resistance grade of A-30 and the type of fireproof and heat-insulating material is an organic intumescent fire-retardant coating, the laying thickness is greater than or equal to 2mm. The laying thickness of the organic intumescent fire-retardant coating is greater than or equal to 2mm, which can ensure the fireproof and heat-insulating effect of the material and reduce the extra weight of the ship as much as possible. This not only helps to improve the ship's load-carrying capacity and fuel efficiency, but also ensures the lightweight design of the structure, meeting the dual needs of modern ships for safety and economic performance.

[0022] In some embodiments, if the fireproof and heat-insulating material has a fire resistance grade of A-60, the type of the fireproof and heat-insulating material is aluminum silicate fiber or aerogel, a primer is laid between the fireproof and heat-insulating material and the metal substrate, and the laying amount of the primer is 1.2-1.8 kg / m 2 The amount of primer laid within this range can ensure the fireproof and heat-insulating effect of the material while minimizing the extra weight of the ship. This not only helps to improve the ship's load-carrying capacity and fuel efficiency, but also ensures the lightweight design of the structure, meeting the dual needs of modern ships for safety and economic performance.

[0023] In some embodiments, if the fireproof and heat-insulating material has a fire resistance grade of A-30, the type of the fireproof and heat-insulating material is aluminum silicate fiber or aerogel, a primer is laid between the fireproof and heat-insulating material and the metal substrate, and the laying amount of the primer is 1.1-1.6 kg / m 2 The amount of primer laid within this range can ensure the fireproof and heat-insulating effect of the material while minimizing the extra weight of the ship. This not only helps to improve the ship's load-carrying capacity and fuel efficiency, but also ensures the lightweight design of the structure, meeting the dual needs of modern ships for safety and economic performance.

[0024] In some embodiments, if the fireproof and heat-insulating material has a fire resistance grade of A-15, the type of the fireproof and heat-insulating material is aluminum silicate fiber or aerogel, a primer is laid between the fireproof and heat-insulating material and the metal substrate, and the laying amount of the primer is 1.0-1.5 kg / m 2 The amount of primer laid within this range can ensure the fireproof and heat-insulating effect of the material while minimizing the extra weight of the ship. This not only helps to improve the ship's load-carrying capacity and fuel efficiency, but also ensures the lightweight design of the structure, meeting the dual needs of modern ships for safety and economic performance.

[0025] The primer is mainly used to stick and fix the fireproof and heat-insulating materials to the steel substrate. The amount used is positively correlated with the density and thickness of the fireproof and heat-insulating materials. That is to say, the greater the density or the thickness, the greater the weight the primer needs to bear. Therefore, it will change accordingly with the change in the amount of fireproof materials used.

[0026] In some embodiments, if the type of fireproof and heat-insulating material is aluminum silicate fiber or aerogel, the surface of the fireproof and heat-insulating material is also paved with surface adhesive, and the amount of surface adhesive paved is 0.3-0.5 kg / m 2 The amount of surface adhesive laid within this range can ensure the fireproof and heat-insulating effect of the material while minimizing the extra weight of the ship. This not only helps to improve the ship's load-carrying capacity and fuel efficiency, but also ensures the lightweight design of the structure, meeting the dual needs of modern ships for safety and economic performance.

[0027] The surface adhesive is used to bond the flame-retardant cloth with surface aesthetic function. The amount of flame-retardant cloth basically does not change with the fire protection level, so the amount of surface adhesive can be the same under different fire protection levels. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of T-shaped reinforcement ribs in a method for applying fireproof and heat-insulating materials with different fire resistance levels on an ocean-going vessel according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of L-shaped reinforcement ribs in a method for applying fireproof and heat-insulating materials with different fire resistance levels on an ocean-going vessel according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0031] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a method for applying fireproof and heat-insulating materials with different fire resistance levels on an ocean-going vessel according to an embodiment of the present application, showing the installation of T-shaped reinforcement ribs without prefabricated parts.

[0032] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a method for applying fireproof and heat-insulating materials with different fire resistance levels on an ocean-going vessel according to an embodiment of the present application, showing the installation of a T-shaped reinforcement cut into blocks without prefabricated parts.

[0033] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the installation structure of fireproof and heat-insulating materials showing a method for applying fireproof and heat-insulating materials with different fire resistance grades on an ocean-going vessel according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0034] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the installation structure of a fireproof and heat-insulating coating for a method of applying fireproof and heat-insulating materials with different fire resistance levels on an ocean-going vessel according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present application clearer, the technical solution of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0036] Special ships are a type of ship with specific functions and usage scenarios, such as ocean-going survey ships, submarine operation ships, polar exploration ships, etc. Their design often focuses more on the compactness, airtightness and continuity of operation of the structure. Such ships are usually used to perform specific and complex tasks, and have extremely strict safety requirements such as fire prevention. Their fire resistance requirements are different from those of ordinary ships. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new application methods for fireproof and heat-insulating materials for special ships, improve the durability of fireproof and heat-insulating materials, and enhance the fireproof and heat-insulating performance of ships.

[0037] In view of this, the present application provides a method for applying fireproof and heat-insulating materials with different fire resistance levels on ocean-going vessels, so as to develop new application methods for fireproof and heat-insulating materials for special ships, improve the durability of fireproof and heat-insulating materials, and enhance the fireproof and heat-insulating performance of ships.

[0038] In a first aspect, the present application provides a method for applying fireproof and heat-insulating materials with different fire resistance levels on ocean-going vessels, wherein the laying thickness of the fireproof and heat-insulating materials is different according to the fire resistance level, material type and laying position on the hull of the fireproof and heat-insulating materials.

[0039] The present application sets different thicknesses of fireproof and heat-insulating materials according to their fire resistance grade, material type and hull laying position, thereby achieving different thicknesses of fireproof and heat-insulating materials in different situations, which can reduce the weight and cost of the ship while ensuring thermal insulation and fireproof performance.

[0040] In combination with the first aspect, in some embodiments provided in the present application, the fireproof and heat-insulating materials have fire resistance grades of A-60, A-30 and A-15, and the fire resistance grades include three grades: A, B and C. Among them, the A-class fireproof material is required to withstand a temperature rise change from 0 to 925°C within a 1-hour standard fire resistance test, and be able to prevent smoke and flames from passing through at the end. The average temperature of the back-fire side does not exceed 139°C compared with the original temperature, and the temperature of any point including any joint does not exceed 180°C compared with the original temperature. Specifically, the A-class fireproof can be subdivided into three grades: A-60, A-30 and A-15, and the number behind it indicates the fire resistance time during which the back-fire surface temperature does not exceed the limit value. A-60 means that the average temperature of the back-fire side within 60 hours does not exceed 139°C compared with the original temperature, and the temperature of any point including any joint does not exceed 180°C compared with the original temperature. A-30 means that the average temperature of the back-fired side within 30 hours does not exceed 139°C compared with the original temperature, and the temperature at any point, including any joint, does not exceed 180°C compared with the original temperature. A-15 means that the average temperature of the back-fired side of the A-class fire-resistant steel remains within 15 hours, and the increase in temperature does not exceed 139°C compared with the original temperature, and the temperature at any point, including any joint, does not exceed 180°C compared with the original temperature.

[0041] In combination with the first aspect, in some embodiments provided in the present application, the types of fireproof and heat-insulating materials include aluminum silicate fibers, aerogels, and organic intumescent fire-retardant coatings.

[0042] In combination with the first aspect, in some embodiments provided in the present application, the hull laying positions include the deck and the bulkhead, the deck is laid flat, and the bulkhead is laid vertically. Due to the particularity of the ship structure, the bulkhead needs to bear more structural stress from the hull than the deck, so it is usually necessary to thicken the insulation layer to ensure the structural stability of the bulkhead.

[0043] In combination with the first aspect, in some embodiments provided in the present application, the aluminum silicate fiber includes at least one of polycrystalline silk fiber and aluminum silicate blanket fiber. Using any one of the above aluminum silicate fibers can improve the fireproof and heat-insulating properties of the fireproof and heat-insulating material while reducing the weight of the ship.

[0044] In combination with the first aspect, in some embodiments provided in the present application, the aerogel includes at least one of a micro-nanoporous aerogel composite material and an inorganic solid aerogel thermal insulation material. Using any one of the above aerogels can improve the fireproof and thermal insulation properties of the fireproof and thermal insulation material while reducing the weight of the ship.

[0045] In combination with the first aspect, in some embodiments provided in the present application, the organic expanding fire retardant coating includes at least one of an epoxy expanding fire retardant coating and a phenolic expanding fire retardant coating. The use of any one of the above-mentioned organic expanding fire retardant coatings can improve the fireproof and heat-insulating properties of the fireproof and heat-insulating materials while reducing the weight of the ship.

[0046] In combination with the first aspect, in some embodiments provided in the present application, if the fireproof and heat-insulating material has a fire resistance grade of A-60, the type of the fireproof and heat-insulating material is aluminum silicate fiber, and the laying position is the deck, then the laying thickness is greater than or equal to 20 mm. On the deck, the laying thickness of aluminum silicate fiber is greater than or equal to 20 mm, which can ensure the fireproof and heat-insulating effect of the material and reduce the extra weight of the ship as much as possible. This not only helps to improve the ship's load-carrying capacity and fuel efficiency, but also ensures the lightweight design of the structure, meeting the dual needs of modern ships for safety and economic performance.

[0047] If the fireproof and heat-insulating material has a fire resistance grade of A-60, the type of fireproof and heat-insulating material is aerogel, and the laying position is the deck, the laying thickness is greater than or equal to 20mm. On the deck, the laying thickness of aerogel is greater than or equal to 20mm, which can ensure the fireproof and heat-insulating effect of the material and reduce the extra weight of the ship as much as possible. This not only helps to improve the ship's load-carrying capacity and fuel efficiency, but also ensures the lightweight design of the structure, meeting the dual needs of modern ships for safety and economic performance.

[0048] If the fireproof and heat-insulating material has a fire resistance rating of A-60, the type of fireproof and heat-insulating material is aluminum silicate fiber, and the laying position is the bulkhead, the laying thickness is greater than or equal to 30mm. On the bulkhead, laying aluminum silicate fiber with a thickness greater than or equal to 30mm can ensure the fireproof and heat-insulating effect of the material while minimizing the extra weight of the ship. This not only helps to improve the ship's load-carrying capacity and fuel efficiency, but also ensures the lightweight design of the structure, meeting the dual needs of modern ships for safety and economic performance.

[0049] If the fireproof and heat-insulating material has a fire resistance grade of A-60, the type of fireproof and heat-insulating material is aerogel, and the laying position is the bulkhead, the laying thickness is greater than or equal to 30mm. On the bulkhead, the laying thickness of aluminum silicate fiber is greater than or equal to 30mm, which can ensure the fireproof and heat-insulating effect of the material and reduce the additional weight of the ship as much as possible. This not only helps to improve the ship's load-carrying capacity and fuel efficiency, but also ensures the lightweight design of the structure, meeting the dual needs of modern ships for safety and economic performance.

[0050] In combination with the first aspect, in some embodiments provided in the present application, if the fireproof and heat-insulating material has a fire resistance grade of A-30 and the type of the fireproof and heat-insulating material is aluminum silicate fiber, the laying thickness is greater than or equal to 20 mm. The laying thickness of aluminum silicate fiber is greater than or equal to 20 mm, which can ensure the fireproof and heat-insulating effect of the material and reduce the extra weight of the ship as much as possible. This not only helps to improve the load-carrying capacity and fuel efficiency of the ship, but also ensures the lightweight design of the structure, meeting the dual needs of modern ships for safety and economic performance.

[0051] If the fireproof and heat-insulating material has a fire resistance grade of A-30 and the type of fireproof and heat-insulating material is aerogel, the laying thickness is greater than or equal to 20mm. Laying aerogel with a thickness greater than or equal to 20mm can ensure the fireproof and heat-insulating effect of the material while minimizing the extra weight of the ship. This not only helps to improve the ship's load-carrying capacity and fuel efficiency, but also ensures the lightweight design of the structure, meeting the dual needs of modern ships for safety and economic performance.

[0052] If the fireproof and heat-insulating material has a fire resistance grade of A-30 and the type of fireproof and heat-insulating material is an organic intumescent fire-retardant coating, the laying thickness is greater than or equal to 4mm. The laying thickness of the organic intumescent fire-retardant coating is greater than or equal to 4mm, which can ensure the fireproof and heat-insulating effect of the material and reduce the extra weight of the ship as much as possible. This not only helps to improve the ship's load-carrying capacity and fuel efficiency, but also ensures the lightweight design of the structure, meeting the dual needs of modern ships for safety and economic performance.

[0053] In combination with the first aspect, in some embodiments provided in the present application, if the fireproof and heat-insulating material has a fire resistance grade of A-15 and the type of the fireproof and heat-insulating material is aluminum silicate fiber, the laying thickness is greater than or equal to 15 mm. The laying thickness of aluminum silicate fiber is greater than or equal to 15 mm, which can ensure the fireproof and heat-insulating effect of the material while minimizing the extra weight of the ship. This not only helps to improve the ship's load-carrying capacity and fuel efficiency, but also ensures the lightweight design of the structure, meeting the dual needs of modern ships for safety and economic performance.

[0054] If the fireproof and heat-insulating material has a fire resistance grade of A-15 and the type of fireproof and heat-insulating material is aerogel, the laying thickness is greater than or equal to 15mm. The laying thickness of aerogel is greater than or equal to 15mm, which can ensure the fireproof and heat-insulating effect of the material and reduce the extra weight of the ship as much as possible. This not only helps to improve the ship's load-carrying capacity and fuel efficiency, but also ensures the lightweight design of the structure, meeting the dual needs of modern ships for safety and economic performance.

[0055] If the fireproof and heat-insulating material has a fire resistance grade of A-30 and the type of fireproof and heat-insulating material is an organic intumescent fire-retardant coating, the laying thickness is greater than or equal to 2mm. The laying thickness of the organic intumescent fire-retardant coating is greater than or equal to 2mm, which can ensure the fireproof and heat-insulating effect of the material and reduce the extra weight of the ship as much as possible. This not only helps to improve the ship's load-carrying capacity and fuel efficiency, but also ensures the lightweight design of the structure, meeting the dual needs of modern ships for safety and economic performance.

[0056] According to the temperature rise curve of the A-level fire test, the temperature rise is still large at 15 to 30 minutes, so the change in the laying thickness of A-15 and A-30 can extend its fireproof and heat insulation time. The temperature rise has stabilized at 30 to 60 minutes, and the effect of laying thickness on fireproof and heat insulation time has weakened, so the difference in laying thickness between A-30 and A-60 is small. The thickness is obtained based on actual test results, that is, this type of material can meet the fireproof grade requirements of this level at this minimum thickness.

[0057] In combination with the first aspect, in some embodiments provided in the present application, if the fire resistance grade of the fireproof and heat-insulating material is A-60, the type of the fireproof and heat-insulating material is aluminum silicate fiber or aerogel, a primer is laid between the fireproof and heat-insulating material and the metal substrate, and the laying amount of the primer is 1.2 to 1.8 kg / m 2 The amount of primer laid within this range can ensure the fireproof and heat-insulating effect of the material while minimizing the extra weight of the ship. This not only helps to improve the ship's load-carrying capacity and fuel efficiency, but also ensures the lightweight design of the structure, meeting the dual needs of modern ships for safety and economic performance.

[0058] In combination with the first aspect, in some embodiments provided in the present application, if the fire resistance grade of the fireproof and heat-insulating material is A-30, the type of the fireproof and heat-insulating material is aluminum silicate fiber or aerogel, a primer is laid between the fireproof and heat-insulating material and the metal substrate, and the laying amount of the primer is 1.1 to 1.6 kg / m 2 The amount of primer laid within this range can ensure the fireproof and heat-insulating effect of the material while minimizing the extra weight of the ship. This not only helps to improve the ship's load-carrying capacity and fuel efficiency, but also ensures the lightweight design of the structure, meeting the dual needs of modern ships for safety and economic performance.

[0059] In combination with the first aspect, in some embodiments provided in the present application, if the fire resistance grade of the fireproof and heat-insulating material is A-15, the type of the fireproof and heat-insulating material is aluminum silicate fiber or aerogel, a primer is laid between the fireproof and heat-insulating material and the metal substrate, and the laying amount of the primer is 1.0 to 1.5 kg / m 2 The amount of primer laid within this range can ensure the fireproof and heat-insulating effect of the material while minimizing the extra weight of the ship. This not only helps to improve the ship's load-carrying capacity and fuel efficiency, but also ensures the lightweight design of the structure, meeting the dual needs of modern ships for safety and economic performance.

[0060] The primer is mainly used to stick and fix the fireproof and heat-insulating materials to the steel substrate. The amount used is positively correlated with the density and thickness of the fireproof and heat-insulating materials. That is to say, the greater the density or the thickness, the greater the weight the primer needs to bear. Therefore, it will change accordingly with the change in the amount of fireproof materials used.

[0061] In some embodiments, if the type of fireproof and heat-insulating material is aluminum silicate fiber or aerogel, the surface of the fireproof and heat-insulating material is also paved with surface adhesive, and the amount of surface adhesive paved is 0.3-0.5 kg / m 2 The amount of surface adhesive laid within this range can ensure the fireproof and heat-insulating effect of the material while minimizing the extra weight of the ship. This not only helps to improve the ship's load-carrying capacity and fuel efficiency, but also ensures the lightweight design of the structure, meeting the dual needs of modern ships for safety and economic performance.

[0062] The surface adhesive is used to bond the flame-retardant cloth with surface aesthetic function. The amount of flame-retardant cloth basically does not change with the fire protection level, so the amount of surface adhesive can be the same under different fire protection levels.

[0063] When the fireproof insulation material is aluminum silicate fiber or aerogel, the steps for installation using studs and adhesives can be:

[0064] Surface substrate treatment: For metal substrate materials, surface dust, oil stains and loose rust should be thoroughly removed.

[0065] Apply primer: Apply (scrape, wipe or spray, the same below) primer on the surface of the base material, apply 2 coats, and no subsequent construction shall be carried out before the primer is completely dry.

[0066] Determine and mark the location of the welding points: Determine the location of the welding points according to the structure of the area to be constructed and the size specifications of the fireproof and heat-insulating materials. The spacing between the rivets and welding points is controlled at (250-350) mm. At the joints of fiber and cotton board materials, the distance between the rivets and the joints is 50 mm. The spacing between the rivets on both sides of the joints is not more than 100 mm. The number of rivets per unit area is controlled at (10-25) / m 2 For large flat areas, the number of studs should be appropriately reduced. For areas with complex shapes, such as curved surfaces with large curvature radius, pipelines and opening accessory areas, the number of studs should be appropriately increased. At the corresponding positions painted with primer, use stone pencil lines and punctuation to mark. It is necessary to ensure that the stud welding points are straight in both horizontal and vertical directions. Grind the marked areas, remove the primer, and expose the metal base material.

[0067] Welding studs: Use a stud welding machine to fix the studs at the welding points marked above. The studs should be made of low-carbon steel or stainless steel with a copper-plated surface, with a diameter of 4 to 10 mm and a length of about (5 to 10) mm longer than the nominal thickness of fiber and cotton board materials. Use a ship insulation stud welding machine to weld the studs. When welding, the studs must be completely perpendicular to the plane of the metal substrate to be welded. After the stud welding is completed, the construction personnel wear gloves to pull the studs to check the firmness of the welding. For stud points that fall off during the inspection, use new studs to re-weld. Repeat the inspection steps until all studs are firmly welded. For the solder joints at the root of the studs and nearby areas, use a brush to apply additional primer.

[0068] Applying primer and pasting fiber and cotton board: Cut fiber and cotton board materials into specified sizes as required. Before cutting, the size of the area to be laid must be accurately measured first. A sample can be made of hard cardboard. The actual size of the fiber and cotton board after cutting should be enlarged by about (0.5-1) mm compared to the size of the area to be laid to ensure that there is preload at the joint. When cutting, use sharp cutting tools to avoid burrs or breakage. For single-layer thicker materials, cut them in multiple times. There are two ways to handle the section after cutting: (1) Apply flame-retardant white glue and paste the same finishing material as the sandwich structure fiber and cotton board materials, such as glass fiber cloth; (2) Apply flame-retardant putty when laying fireproof and heat-insulating materials. When splicing with other fiber and cotton board materials, ensure that the fiber and cotton board material on the other side of the joint corresponding to the cut section is the end face containing the finishing material. On the surface of the metal substrate coated with primer, evenly apply a certain amount of primer so that the surface of the substrate is covered with primer. The theoretical amount of primer is about (1.0~1.5)kg / m 2, which can be adjusted according to the actual construction situation. Apply pressure slowly to allow the fiber and cotton board materials to penetrate the studs and stick to the primer surface. Press the fiber and cotton board materials to make them completely bond with the painted substrate and keep them for a period of time so that the two do not fall off spontaneously without external force. If necessary, additional reinforcement facilities can be used for curved surfaces, arc surfaces, and upward surfaces, and maintained for a period of time until the theoretical drying time of the primer is exceeded under the ambient temperature and humidity. The overall construction sequence is to first strengthen the special-shaped areas such as reinforcement materials and openings, and then the curved and flat areas. For the construction of prefabricated materials, take T-type reinforcement as an example. Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the construction sequence is first the face plate, then the web plate, and finally the flat plate; taking L-shaped stiffeners or bulb flat steel as an example, when the fireproof and heat-insulating materials are laid, there is no web plate, only sleeve blocks and flat plates, such as Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the construction sequence is first to cover the block, then the flat plate. For fiber and cotton board materials without prefabricated parts, there are two ways to construct them: (1) directly go over the stiffener and cover it as a whole. Take T-type stiffener as an example, Figure 3 As shown in the figure, this method will result in gaps in the area near the reinforcement ribs; (2) Cut the fiber and cotton board materials into small pieces and lay them one by one, such as Figure 4 As shown, the main problem with this method is that the fiber and panel need to be cut and processed on site, which requires a large amount of processing and causes a large loss of material. For wire and cable trusses or pipe legs and other legs and bases connected to metal substrates, the cutting edges of the insulating material should be neat and tight when pasting.

[0069] Install caps or locking plates: Confirm that the length of the nail exposed on the surface of the fiber or cotton board material is (5-10) mm. For the excessive length, use tools such as wire cutters to cut it off. According to the application scenario, choose to install caps or locking plates at the corresponding position of the nail, or directly bend the exposed nail head. The locking plate is 0.35 mm thick, made of 65Mn spring steel, and galvanized on the surface. The top plate of the cap is 0.3 mm thick, made of cold-rolled steel, and white spray-coated on the surface; the bottom plate of the cap is 0.35 mm thick, made of spring steel, and white spray-coated on the surface. If there is a wall panel on the outside of the fireproof and heat-insulating material, choose to fix it with a locking plate. After the locking plate is pressed, it is slightly lower than the outer surface of the fiber or cotton board material, and use pliers to bend the exposed nail head; if there is no wall panel on the outside of the fireproof and heat-insulating material, use a cap to fix it and press the cap on the surface of the fiber or cotton board material. For caps, after installation, construction workers need to wear gloves to pull or rotate the caps to check the firmness of the caps. Caps that fall off easily should be replaced.

[0070] Putty caulking: For the joints of fiber and cotton board materials, flame retardant putty is used to fill them. The amount of flame retardant putty used, the area of ​​the surface required for caulking, and the overall surface flatness are adjusted according to the actual construction situation. Check the surface condition of fiber and cotton board materials to confirm whether there is a thickness difference or arching phenomenon. If so, use a sharp tool to cut it flat. Clean the surface of fiber and cotton board materials and remove surface dust, residues, etc. Use a scraper or scraper to scrape the joints and surface pits of fiber and cotton board materials flat with putty. No obvious scratches should appear, and do not scrape back and forth. After the flame retardant putty is dry, it is necessary to inspect the flatness, smoothness and surface cleanliness. Only after acceptance can the subsequent steps be carried out.

[0071] Applying surface glue and sticking white cloth: In an environment of (15-30)℃, the surface glue should be applied at least 20 hours after the flame retardant putty is used to fill the joints between fiber and cotton board materials, and the flame retardant putty is completely dry. Before applying the surface glue, it is necessary to check whether the flame retardant putty at the joints of fiber and cotton board materials is flat and smooth. If there are burrs, scratches, unevenness or rubber particles, use sandpaper to polish until the surface meets the surface flatness requirements. The surface glue needs to be stirred evenly before use. Apply a certain amount of surface glue on the surface of fiber and cotton board materials. The theoretical amount of surface glue is about (0.5-0.8) kg / m 2 The non-volatile content of the surface glue is about 60%. After it is completely dry, the residual mass can be calculated by multiplying the coating mass by a coefficient of 0.6, and the residual mass is about (0.30-0.48) kg / m 2. When applying the surface glue, ensure that it is applied evenly as much as possible. When cutting the flame-retardant white cloth, try to choose a large-width flame-retardant white cloth, and the length should not exceed 1.5m. The edges of the flame-retardant white cloth after cutting should be straight, and no yarn picking (free yarn) should appear. Paste the flame-retardant white cloth on the surface of fiber and cotton board materials. Paste the flame-retardant white cloth in groups, with at least 2 people in each group. Start pasting from one end of the flame-retardant white cloth to the other end, and then use a scraper to scrape repeatedly from the center of the flame-retardant white cloth to the surrounding area to remove bubbles and excess surface glue between the flame-retardant white cloth and the fiber and cotton board materials, until the flame-retardant white cloth is evenly pasted on the surface of the fiber and cotton board materials. When pasting flame-retardant white cloth, there are two ways to handle the flame-retardant white cloth: (1) leaving a gap. The gap of the flame-retardant white cloth needs to be staggered with the gap of fiber and cotton board materials, and a gap of (5-8) mm is left between the flame-retardant white cloth; (2) overlapping. The overlap width of the remaining area except the reinforcement is (5-10) mm. The overlap width of the flame-retardant white cloth on the reinforcement is (20-25) mm, and extends (20-25) mm between the reinforcements. The overlap area is fully coated with surface glue. The flame-retardant white cloth in the reinforcement area needs to be overlapped. First, the flame-retardant white cloth on the reinforcement is pasted, and then the flame-retardant white cloth between the reinforcements is pasted. If there is no special requirement, the other areas are treated with a gap. For the overlap treatment, there is no need to use flame-retardant putty. For the gap treatment, the gap between the flame-retardant white cloth needs to be scraped flat with flame-retardant putty. In an environment of (15-30)℃, the flame retardant putty should be applied at least 30 hours after the white cloth is pasted and the surface glue is completely dry. Use a small scraper to dip a small amount of putty and scrape it horizontally on the gap, and then use a large scraper to scrape the putty along the edge of the gap to make it flat and smooth. Do not scrape back and forth. The length of a single scraping is about 300mm, until the gap is completely filled.

[0072] Apply transition paint: In an environment of (15-30)℃, the transition paint should be applied at least 30 hours after the flame retardant putty is used to fill the flame retardant white cloth, and the flame retardant putty is completely dry. Use sandpaper to remove dust, floating particles and other debris on the surface of the flame retardant white cloth to ensure the surface is clean. Apply or spray a layer of anti-rust topcoat on the surface of the flame retardant white cloth, and the thickness should be enough to completely cover the white cloth.

[0073] Putty leveling: For uneven areas on the surface of the flame-retardant white cloth, apply flame-retardant putty to level it. The amount of flame-retardant putty used, the area of ​​the surface required for caulking, and the overall surface flatness are adjusted according to the actual construction situation. After the flame-retardant putty is dry, it is necessary to inspect the flatness, smoothness, and surface cleanliness. Only after passing the acceptance test can the subsequent steps be carried out. The final structure is as follows: Figure 5 shown.

[0074] Apply topcoat: Brush or spray anti-rust topcoat on the surface of flame-retardant white cloth, apply one coat. When brushing or spraying, it must be even, without any bottom exposure or sagging.

[0075] If damage occurs, use tools to dig out the damaged part, cut the fireproof material to the required size, and replace or repair it. During the cutting and repairing process, avoid generating dust, fibers, and slag.

[0076] In order to ensure the construction processability of typical components such as hull bulb flat steel, T-shaped steel, and L-shaped steel, fiber wool boards or prefabricated kits with standard size and shape accuracy can be used to ensure that they can fit tightly with the steel and reduce the risk of loosening or falling off due to vibration, etc. It can reduce on-site cutting, facilitate disassembly and installation, and improve on-site work efficiency.

[0077] The point connection is made by nailing, and the bottom glue is used as the surface connection. This mixed connection method not only avoids the phenomenon of fiber and cotton board core material and surface finishing material being debonded due to the influence of hull vibration, but also avoids the accumulation of condensation on the surface of the metal substrate when the ambient temperature changes.

[0078] Marine studs are made of low-carbon steel or stainless steel and are annealed to reduce hardness, so that they can be bent as needed during construction. The surface is plated with copper or zinc to prevent rust. Considering that the mass of a 5mm diameter stud is about 2.8 times that of a 3mm diameter stud when the stud material and length are the same, 3mm studs are recommended from the perspective of weight reduction. The stud length should be about (5 to 10) mm longer than the thickness of fiber and cotton board materials. The marine insulation stud welding machine is used to weld the studs. The welding principle is stud welding, which can weld studs and screws made of steel, stainless steel, copper, aluminum and other alloy materials, and can weld dissimilar metals.

[0079] When the fireproof and heat-insulating material is aluminum silicate fiber or aerogel, the fireproof and heat-insulating material is fixed only by studs. The difference between its construction method and the stud + adhesive installation method is:

[0080] When fixing fibers and cotton boards, you need to slowly apply pressure to allow the fibers and cotton board materials to penetrate the studs until they are completely and tightly fitted to the metal substrate containing the primer, and the two do not fall off spontaneously without external force. The rest of the steps are the same.

[0081] When the fireproof and heat-insulating material is an organic intumescent fire-retardant coating, the construction method can be:

[0082] According to the material instructions, pour the weighed components of the paint into a clean container and mix them thoroughly using a stirring rod or electric mixer. After processing, stack them neatly in a clean and dry cabin according to the deck level.

[0083] Substrate surface treatment: For metal substrate materials, surface dust, oil stains and rust should be thoroughly removed.

[0084] Apply primer: Apply primer (scrape, wipe or spray, the same below) on the surface of the substrate in 2 coats. No subsequent construction shall be carried out before the primer is completely dry.

[0085] Confirm the paint status: Confirm the production date and shelf life on the paint packaging to ensure that it is within the applicable range. Open the paint packaging to confirm that the paint color, viscosity, etc. are in normal condition.

[0086] Paint weighing and batching: For single-component paint, the required paint mass is calculated based on the area to be constructed and the amount of paint per unit area. For two-component and multi-component paints, the conversion is also required according to the component ratio.

[0087] Paint application: In the construction area, the total thickness of each coat is determined according to the different construction thicknesses and coating process methods. The thickness of the first coat should be able to cover the surface of the topcoat, generally not exceeding 2.0mm. The next coat can be applied only after the previous coat is dry, and it is best not to leave any residue when applying.

[0088] Maintenance: The best temperature for paint maintenance is (10-35)℃, and the relative humidity is ≤80. After the paint reaches the specified thickness, the maintenance time should generally not be less than 24h. If the ambient temperature is lower, the corresponding maintenance time should be appropriately extended depending on the situation. After the maintenance is completed, the quality of the paint area should be inspected. For defects such as insufficient thickness and surface pits, repairs should be made in time.

[0089] Apply topcoat: Apply 1 coat. After the topcoat is completely dry, the area can be used normally.

[0090] Repair damaged work surface: After the shaping is completed, the entire spray coating should be visually inspected to ensure that the surface of the spray coating is basically flat, the fibers are evenly distributed, and there should be no honeycomb defects.

[0091] Acceptance: After accelerated simulation of hot and cold climate tests throughout the year, the coating has no cracking or shedding; it matches well with the primer of the laying part, and has no shedding or cracking. Figure 6 shown.

[0092] In summary, by laying different thicknesses of fireproof and heat-insulating materials according to their fire resistance grade, material type and hull location, it is possible to set fireproof and heat-insulating materials of different thicknesses in different situations, thereby reducing the weight and cost of the ship while ensuring thermal insulation and fireproof performance.

[0093] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment / method", "some embodiments / methods", "example", "specific example" or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment / method or example are included in at least one embodiment / method or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment / method or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments / methods or examples. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments / methods or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments / methods or examples, unless they are contradictory.

[0094] It should be noted that, in the present application, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply that there is any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that the process, method, article or equipment including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or equipment. In the absence of more restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprise one..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or equipment including the elements. In the present application, the meaning of "multiple" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically stipulated.

[0095] The above description is only a specific implementation of the present application, so that those skilled in the art can understand or implement the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features applied for herein.

Claims

1. A method for applying fireproof and heat-insulating materials with different fire resistance levels on ocean-going vessels, characterized in that: The laying thickness of the fireproof and heat-insulating materials varies according to their fire resistance rating, material type and the hull location where they are laid.

2. The method for applying fireproof and heat-insulating materials with different fire resistance levels on ocean-going vessels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fireproof and heat-insulating materials have fire resistance grades of A-60, A-30 and A-15; and / or, The types of fireproof and heat-insulating materials include aluminum silicate fibers, aerogels and organic intumescent fire-retardant coatings; and / or, The hull locations to be laid include decks and bulkheads.

3. The method for applying fireproof and heat-insulating materials with different fire resistance levels on ocean-going vessels as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The aluminum silicate fiber includes at least one of polycrystalline filament fiber and aluminum silicate blanket fiber; and / or, The aerogel comprises at least one of a micro-nanoporous aerogel composite material and an inorganic solid aerogel thermal insulation material; and / or, The organic intumescent fire retardant coating comprises at least one of an epoxy intumescent fire retardant coating and a phenolic intumescent fire retardant coating.

4. The method for applying fireproof and heat-insulating materials with different fire resistance levels on ocean-going vessels according to claim 1, characterized in that: If the fireproof and heat-insulating material has a fire resistance grade of A-60, the type of the fireproof and heat-insulating material is aluminum silicate fiber, and the laying location is the deck, the laying thickness is greater than or equal to 20 mm; If the fire resistance grade of the fireproof and heat-insulating material is A-60, the type of the fireproof and heat-insulating material is aerogel, and the laying location is the deck, the laying thickness is greater than or equal to 20 mm; If the fireproof and heat-insulating material has a fire resistance grade of A-60, is aluminum silicate fiber, and is laid at the bulkhead, the laying thickness shall be greater than or equal to 30 mm; If the fire resistance grade of the fireproof and heat-insulating material is A-60, the type of the fireproof and heat-insulating material is aerogel, and the laying location is the bulkhead, the laying thickness shall be greater than or equal to 30 mm.

5. The method for applying fireproof and heat-insulating materials with different fire resistance levels on ocean-going vessels according to claim 1, characterized in that: If the fireproof and heat-insulating material has a fire resistance grade of A-30 and the type of fireproof and heat-insulating material is aluminum silicate fiber, the laying thickness shall be greater than or equal to 20 mm; If the fire resistance grade of the fireproof and heat-insulating material is A-30 and the type of the fireproof and heat-insulating material is aerogel, the laying thickness shall be greater than or equal to 20 mm; If the fire resistance grade of the fireproof and heat-insulating material is A-30 and the type of the fireproof and heat-insulating material is organic expanding fire-retardant coating, the laying thickness shall be greater than or equal to 4 mm.

6. The method for applying fireproof and heat-insulating materials with different fire resistance levels on ocean-going vessels according to claim 1, characterized in that: If the fire resistance grade of the fireproof and heat-insulating material is A-15 and the type of the fireproof and heat-insulating material is aluminum silicate fiber, the laying thickness shall be greater than or equal to 15 mm; If the fire resistance grade of the fireproof and heat-insulating material is A-15 and the type of the fireproof and heat-insulating material is aerogel, the laying thickness shall be greater than or equal to 15 mm; If the fire resistance grade of the fireproof and heat-insulating material is A-30 and the type of the fireproof and heat-insulating material is organic expanding fire-retardant coating, the laying thickness shall be greater than or equal to 2 mm.

7. The method for applying fireproof and heat-insulating materials with different fire resistance levels on ocean-going vessels as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: If the fireproof and heat-insulating material has a fire resistance grade of A-60, and the type of the fireproof and heat-insulating material is aluminum silicate fiber or aerogel, a primer is laid between the fireproof and heat-insulating material and the metal substrate, and the laying amount of the primer is 1.2-1.8 kg / m 2 .

8. The method for applying fireproof and heat-insulating materials with different fire resistance levels on ocean-going vessels as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: If the fireproof insulation material has a fire resistance grade of A-30, and the type of the fireproof insulation material is aluminum silicate fiber or aerogel, a primer is laid between the fireproof insulation material and the metal substrate, and the laying amount of the primer is 1.1-1.6 kg / m 2 .

9. The method for applying fireproof and heat-insulating materials with different fire resistance levels on ocean-going vessels as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: If the fireproof and heat-insulating material has a fire resistance grade of A-15, and the type of the fireproof and heat-insulating material is aluminum silicate fiber or aerogel, a primer is laid between the fireproof and heat-insulating material and the metal substrate, and the laying amount of the primer is 1.0-1.5 kg / m 2 .

10. The method for applying fireproof and heat-insulating materials with different fire resistance levels on ocean-going vessels according to claim 1, characterized in that: If the type of fireproof and heat-insulating material is aluminum silicate fiber or aerogel, the surface of the fireproof and heat-insulating material is also paved with surface adhesive, and the amount of surface adhesive paved is 0.3-0.5 kg / m 2 .

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