Multifunctional speed reducer and new energy vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of new energy vehicles, in particular to a multifunctional speed reducer and a new energy vehicle. The multifunctional speed reducer comprises a speed reducer shell, an input shaft assembly, an intermediate shaft assembly, a differential mechanism assembly and a parking and differential mechanism locking device. The parking and differential locking device comprises a ratchet wheel, a pawl, a driving assembly, a parking mechanism and a locking mechanism, wherein the ratchet wheel is synchronously and rotationally connected with a differential assembly; an open hole is formed in the ratchet wheel, tooth crests and tooth grooves are formed in the cylindrical outer wall of the ratchet wheel in the circumferential direction at intervals, and a clamping block is arranged on the cylindrical inner wall of the open hole; locking and parking functions of the differential mechanism are integrated on the ratchet wheel, the locking and parking functions of the speed reducer are achieved through clamping blocks and tooth grooves arranged on the inner side and the outer side of the ratchet wheel in the radial direction respectively by means of the characteristics that the ratchet wheel rotates and moves in the axial direction, and two additional systems are not needed. Therefore, the structure is simple and compact, the number of parts is small, and cost is lower.

Description

[0001] This invention is a divisional application of the invention patent application filed on August 16, 2024, with the invention name “Reducer and new energy vehicle with parking and differential locking functions” and application number 2024111283417. Technical Field

[0002] The present invention relates to the technical field of new energy vehicles, and in particular to a multifunctional reducer and a new energy vehicle. Background Art

[0003] In order to improve the safety of new energy vehicles and effectively avoid safety accidents caused by the movement of vehicles after parking, the existing technology often sets a parking mechanism in the reducer of new energy vehicles. The parking ratchet in the parking mechanism is fixedly connected to the differential assembly in the reducer. After parking, the parking ratchet in the parking mechanism can be locked to prevent the vehicle from moving. In addition, in order to improve the off-road performance and escape ability of the whole new energy vehicle, the existing technology often sets a differential locking device in the reducer of new energy vehicles. In order to make new energy vehicles have higher safety and off-road and escape capabilities at the same time, the target is to set both the above-mentioned parking mechanism and differential locking mechanism in the reducer. Although this can realize both the parking function and the differential locking function, setting the parking mechanism and the differential locking mechanism in the reducer at the same time makes the reducer have too many overall parts, complex structure, poor reliability, large space occupation, and significantly increased cost. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, an embodiment of the present invention provides a multifunctional reducer and a new energy vehicle, which are used to solve the technical problems in the prior art that new energy vehicles with both parking and differential locking functions have complex structures and high costs.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a multifunctional speed reducer, comprising: a speed reducer housing, an input shaft assembly, an intermediate shaft assembly, a differential assembly, and a parking and differential locking device, wherein the speed reducer housing comprises a motor end housing and a speed reducer end housing, wherein a receiving chamber is built in the speed reducer housing, wherein the input shaft assembly, the intermediate shaft assembly, the differential assembly, and the parking and differential locking device are all arranged in the receiving chamber, wherein the input shaft assembly is drivingly connected to the intermediate shaft assembly, wherein the intermediate shaft assembly is drivingly connected to the differential assembly, wherein the differential assembly comprises a differential housing, a first half-shaft gear, a second half-shaft gear, and a planetary gear, wherein the planetary gear rotates synchronously with the differential housing, and wherein the planetary gear meshes with the first half-shaft gear and the second half-shaft gear respectively;

[0007] The parking and differential locking device comprises a ratchet, a pawl, a driving assembly, a parking mechanism and a locking mechanism, wherein the ratchet is synchronously rotatably connected with the differential assembly, the pawl further comprises a clamping portion, the clamping portion is arranged at one end of the pawl close to the ratchet, and the pawl can rotate around a first rotating shaft fixed to the reducer housing; an opening is arranged on the ratchet, tooth tops and tooth grooves are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction on the cylindrical outer wall of the ratchet, a clamping block is arranged on the cylindrical inner wall of the opening, an annular groove is arranged at one end of the ratchet close to the second driving member, at least a part of the shift fork is embedded in the annular groove, and the width of the annular groove is greater than the width of the shift fork part embedded in the groove;

[0008] The driving assembly includes a driving rod, a first driving member, a second driving member and a first torsion spring, one end of the first torsion spring is connected to the first driving member, and the other opposite end is connected to the second driving member, the driving rod rotates around a first axis driven by a motor, the first driving member is fixedly connected to the driving rod, and the second driving member is rotationally connected to the driving rod around the first axis.

[0009] Preferably, the parking mechanism includes a push rod and a cam arranged on the push rod, the push rod is rotatably connected to the first driving member, the surface of the cam abuts against the ratchet, the locking mechanism includes a shift fork and a connecting rod, the shift fork is sleeved on the connecting rod, and the connecting rod is connected to the second driving member, when the driving rod rotates in a first direction, it drives the first driving member to rotate in a direction in which the cam of the parking mechanism engages the pawl in the ratchet, and drives the second driving member to move in a direction in which the locking mechanism is unlocked, when the driving rod rotates in the second direction, it drives the first driving member to move in a direction in which the parking mechanism is released from parking, and after the parking mechanism moves to the released position, it drives the first driving member to continue to move in the direction in which the locking mechanism is moved to the position in which the blocking block locks the differential housing and the first half-shaft gear, wherein the first direction and the second direction are two opposite rotation directions.

[0010] Preferably, the parking mechanism includes a second spring, a second pin shaft and a second torsion spring, an axial limiting portion is provided at the end of the push rod close to the ratchet, and the axial limiting portion is used to limit the movement of the cam relative to the push rod in the axial direction, the second spring is sleeved on the push rod, and an abutment portion is provided at the end of the push rod away from the ratchet, one end of the second spring abuts against the abutment portion, and the other opposite end abuts against the cam, the second pin shaft is connected to the reducer housing, the pawl is rotatably connected to the second pin shaft, and one end of the second torsion spring is connected to the reducer housing, and the other opposite end abuts against the pawl.

[0011] Preferably, the parking mechanism also includes a limit member, the inner wall of the limit member is inclined in the direction close to the ratchet, the outer wall of the cam is inclined in the direction close to the ratchet, the inner diameter of the end of the inner wall of the limit member close to the ratchet is smaller than the inner diameter of the end away from the ratchet, and the outer diameter of the end of the outer wall of the cam close to the ratchet is smaller than the outer diameter of the end away from the ratchet, and when the cam moves axially in the direction away from the first driving member, the inclined inner wall of the limit member presses the cam down in the direction close to the pawl.

[0012] Preferably, the locking mechanism also includes a first pin and a first spring, a spring washer is provided at the end of the connecting rod away from the ratchet, the first spring is sleeved between the spring washer and the fork, one end of the first spring abuts against the fork, and the other opposite end abuts against the spring washer, an axial limiting structure is provided at the end of the connecting rod away from the second driving member, a guide groove extending in a straight direction is provided on the second driving member, and the first pin passes through the guide groove and the hole on the connecting rod.

[0013] Preferably, the input shaft assembly includes an input shaft and an input gear, the input gear is mounted on the input shaft and rotates synchronously with the input shaft, the intermediate shaft assembly includes an intermediate shaft, an intermediate large gear and an intermediate small gear, the intermediate large gear and the intermediate small gear are both mounted on the intermediate shaft and rotate synchronously with the intermediate shaft, the differential assembly is provided with an output gear, the output gear is rotationally connected to the differential housing, the input gear is meshed with the intermediate large gear, and the intermediate small gear is meshed with the output gear.

[0014] Preferably, a first slot is provided on the differential housing, and a second slot is provided on the first side gear. When the block of the locking mechanism is inserted into the first slot and the second slot at the same time, the differential is locked.

[0015] Preferably, a rotation limiting structure is provided on the second driving member, and the rotation limiting structure is a rectangular block extending along the edge of the second driving member away from the cam toward the rotation axis of the first driving member, and the rotation limiting structure is used to limit the angular position of the first driving member rotating in the second direction relative to the second driving member, and the angular position is set at the position after the first driving member rotates to the position after the parking state is completely released.

[0016] Preferably, the rotation limiting structure is located on a side of the first driving member away from the cam, and when the parking mechanism is in a parking release state, the angle between the first driving member and the second driving member is smaller than the angle between the first driving member and the second driving member when the first driving member abuts against the rotation limiting structure.

[0017] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a new energy vehicle, which includes the differential described in the first aspect or the multifunctional reducer described in the first aspect.

[0018] Beneficial effects: The multifunctional reducer and new energy vehicle of the present invention drives the parking mechanism and the locking structure to work together by driving the first driving member and the second driving member to rotate through the driving rod in the driving assembly, and performs parking and differential locking operations respectively. Since the first driving member and the second driving member are both connected to the driving rod, the present invention only needs one power source to drive the first driving member and the second driving member to rotate to achieve the two functions of parking and differential locking. Therefore, compared with two independent devices with both parking and differential locking functions, there are fewer parts and the structure is simpler. Since the directions of rotation of the driving rod are opposite when parking and differential locking are achieved, and the driving rod can only trigger the differential locking state when it rotates until the parking mechanism releases the parking state and continues to rotate in the second direction, the present invention can well ensure that the parking and differential locking functions will not be triggered at the same time. At the same time, since the present invention integrates the parking and differential locking functions on the ratchet, and cleverly utilizes the characteristics of the ratchet rotating and moving in the axial direction, the blocks and tooth grooves respectively arranged on the inner and outer sides of the ratchet in the radial direction are used to realize the differential locking and parking functions respectively. Since the tooth grooves and blocks of the ratchet are located on opposite sides of the ratchet in the radial direction, the functions of differential locking and parking do not interfere with each other, and the two different degrees of freedom of movement of the ratchet rotation and axial movement are used to respectively execute the functions of parking and differential locking, so that the execution processes of the two functions do not affect each other. Since the final execution actions of differential locking and parking are completed by the ratchet without the need for two additional systems, the present invention has a simple and compact structure, fewer parts, and lower cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiment of the present invention will be briefly introduced below. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work, and these are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the multifunctional reducer of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the main transmission part of the reducer of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the differential and the ratchet of the present invention when they are in cooperation;

[0023] Figure 4 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the parking and differential locking device of the present invention cooperating with the differential;

[0024] Figure 5 The schematic diagram of the parking and differential locking of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 A front view of the parking and differential locking device of the present invention cooperating with the differential;

[0026] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the ratchet and the pawl of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the driving assembly of the present invention;

[0028] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the locking mechanism of the present invention;

[0029] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the ratchet pawl of the present invention being engaged with the ratchet wheel;

[0030] Fig.11 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the parking mechanism of the present invention;

[0031] Fig.12 It is a cross-sectional view of the parking mechanism of the present invention.

[0032] Parts and their numbers in the picture:

[0033] Input shaft assembly 1, intermediate shaft assembly 2, differential assembly 3, differential housing 31, first slot 311, first side gear 32, second slot 321, second side gear 33, planetary gear 34, parking and differential locking device 4, ratchet 41, annular groove 411, opening 412, block 413, tooth top 414, tooth groove 415, pawl 42, second pin 421, second torsion spring 422, drive assembly 43, drive rod 431, first drive member 432, The second driving member 433, the rotation limiting structure 4331, the guide groove 4332, the first torsion spring 434, the parking driving mechanism 44, the push rod 441, the abutment portion 4411, the cam 442, the second spring 443, the axial limiting portion 444, the limiting member 445, the locking mechanism 45, the shift fork 451, the connecting rod 452, the first spring 453, the first pin shaft 454, the spring washer 455, the axial limiting structure 456, the motor 46, the motor end housing 61, and the reducer end housing 62. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiment of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply that there is any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or position relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc. is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention. Moreover, the term "include", "comprise" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such a process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the phrase "comprising..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device comprising the elements. If there is no conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the various features in the embodiments can be combined with each other, all within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a multifunctional reducer, which includes: a reducer housing, an input shaft assembly 1, an intermediate shaft assembly 2, a differential assembly 3 and a parking and differential locking device 4.

[0037] The reducer housing is mainly formed by two housings, wherein the housing close to one end of the new energy vehicle motor 46 is referred to as the motor end housing 61 in this article, and the housing far from one end of the new energy vehicle motor 46 is referred to as the reducer end housing 62 in this article. An accommodating cavity is provided in the reducer housing, and the input shaft assembly 1, the intermediate shaft assembly 2, the differential assembly 3, and the parking and differential locking device 4 can be arranged in the accommodating cavity.

[0038] like Figure 2As shown, the input shaft assembly 1 is connected to the intermediate shaft assembly 2 in a transmission manner, and the intermediate shaft assembly 2 is connected to the differential assembly 3 in a transmission manner, wherein the input shaft assembly 1 includes an input shaft and an input gear. The intermediate shaft assembly 2 includes an intermediate shaft, an intermediate large gear, an intermediate small gear, and an output gear is installed on the differential assembly 3. The input gear is installed on the input shaft and rotates synchronously with the input shaft, the intermediate large gear and the intermediate small gear are both installed on the intermediate shaft and rotate synchronously with the intermediate shaft, and the output gear is connected to the differential housing 31 and is connected in rotation with the differential housing 31. The input gear meshes with the intermediate large gear, and the intermediate small gear meshes with the output gear. The motor 46 drives the input shaft to rotate, the input shaft drives the input gear to rotate, the input gear drives the intermediate large gear meshed therewith to rotate, the intermediate large gear drives the intermediate shaft to rotate, the intermediate shaft drives the intermediate small gear to rotate, and the intermediate small gear drives the input gear meshed therewith to rotate.

[0039] like Figure 3 As shown, the differential assembly 3 is located in the reducer housing, and the differential assembly 3 includes a differential housing 31, a first half-shaft gear 32, a second half-shaft gear 33 and a planetary gear 34. The planetary gear 34 rotates synchronously with the differential housing 31, and the planetary gear 34 is respectively meshed with the first half-shaft gear 32 and the second half-shaft gear 33.

[0040] The output gear drives the differential housing 31 to rotate, the differential housing 31 drives the planetary gear 34 to rotate, the planetary gear 34 drives the first half-shaft gear 32 and the second half-shaft gear 33 meshing therewith to rotate respectively, and outputs power to the left and right wheels of the new energy vehicle respectively.

[0041] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the parking and differential locking device 4 includes a ratchet 41, a pawl 42, a drive assembly 43, a parking mechanism and a locking mechanism 45. The ratchet 41 is synchronously connected to the differential assembly 3, and the pawl 42 can rotate around a first rotating shaft fixed to the reducer housing; Figure 7 As shown, the ratchet 41 is provided with an opening 412, the cylindrical outer wall of the ratchet 41 is provided with tooth tops 414 and tooth grooves 415 at intervals along the circumferential direction, and the cylindrical inner wall of the opening 412 is provided with a clamping block 413;

[0042] Since the ratchet 41 is connected to the differential assembly 3 in synchronous rotation, when the pawl 42 rotates to a position where the ratchet 41 is locked and cannot rotate, the reducer is also locked and cannot rotate, and the reducer is in a parking state. In specific implementation, a clamping portion can be provided at one end of the pawl 42 close to the ratchet 41, and when the clamping portion is between two adjacent tooth tops 414 of the ratchet 41, that is, in the tooth groove 415 of the ratchet 41, the ratchet 41 is locked and cannot rotate. When the clamping portion is completely withdrawn from the tooth groove 415, the ratchet 41 can rotate freely, and the reducer is in a parking release state.

[0043] like Figure 6 and Figure 8 As shown, the driving assembly 43 includes a driving rod 431, a first driving member 432 and a second driving member 433. The driving rod 431 rotates around a first axis driven by a motor 46. The first driving member 432 is fixedly connected to the driving rod 431, and the second driving member 433 is rotatably connected to the driving rod 431 around the first axis.

[0044] The driving rod 431 can rotate under the drive of a power source, and the power source can be a motor 46. Since the first driving member 432 is fixedly connected to the driving rod 431, when the motor 46 drives the driving rod 431 to rotate, the driving rod 431 will drive the first driving member 432 to rotate synchronously.

[0045] The parking mechanism includes a push rod 441 and a cam 442 disposed on the push rod 441 , wherein the push rod 441 is rotatably connected to the first driving member 432 , and a surface of the cam 442 abuts against the ratchet 41 ;

[0046] In this embodiment, the rotation of the first driving member 432 is used to drive the parking mechanism to perform parking or release the parking.

[0047] like Fig. 9 As shown, the locking mechanism 45 includes a shift fork 451 and a connecting rod 452, and the connecting rod 452 is connected to the second driving member 433. In this embodiment, the locking mechanism 45 is driven by the rotation of the second driving member 433 to perform the action of locking and unlocking the differential.

[0048] Since the first driving member 432 and the second driving member 433 are both connected to the driving rod 431 , the present embodiment only needs one power source to drive the first driving member 432 and the second driving member 433 to rotate to realize the two functions of parking and differential locking.

[0049] The method of realizing the parking and differential functions in this embodiment is as follows:

[0050] like Figure 5 and Fig.10As shown, when the driving rod 431 rotates in the first direction, it drives the first driving member 432 to rotate in the direction that causes the cam 442 of the parking mechanism to engage the pawl 42 into the ratchet 41, and drives the second driving member 433 to move in the direction that causes the locking mechanism 45 to be unlocked;

[0051] like Figure 5 As shown, when the driving rod 431 rotates in the second direction, it drives the first driving member 432 to move in the direction of releasing the parking mechanism, and after the parking mechanism moves to the released parking position, it drives the first driving member 432 to continue to move the locking mechanism 45 to the position where the clamping block 413 locks the differential housing 31 and the first side gear 32. The first direction and the second direction are two opposite rotation directions.

[0052] Since the driving rod 431 rotates in opposite directions when parking and differential locking are achieved, and the driving rod 431 can trigger the differential locking state only when it rotates until the parking mechanism releases the parking state and continues to rotate in the second direction, this embodiment can well ensure that the parking and differential locking functions are not triggered at the same time.

[0053] This embodiment integrates the parking and differential locking functions on the ratchet 41, and cleverly utilizes the characteristics of the ratchet 41 rotating and moving in the axial direction, and utilizes the blocks 413 and tooth grooves 415 respectively arranged on the inner and outer sides of the ratchet 41 in the radial direction to respectively realize the differential locking and parking functions. Since the tooth grooves 415 and the blocks 413 of the ratchet 41 are located on opposite sides of the ratchet 41 in the radial direction, the functions of differential locking and parking do not interfere with each other, and utilizes the two different degrees of freedom of movement of the ratchet 41 rotating and moving in the axial direction to respectively execute the functions of parking and differential locking, so that the execution processes of the two functions do not affect each other. Since the final execution actions of differential locking and parking are completed by the ratchet 41 without the need for two additional systems, this embodiment has a simple and compact structure, fewer parts, and lower cost.

[0054] like Figure 3 As shown, in order to ensure that the differential can be reliably locked in the locked state, in this embodiment, a first slot 311 is provided on the differential housing 31, and a second slot 321 is provided on the first half-shaft gear 32. When the block 413 of the locking mechanism 45 moves to be inserted into the first slot 311 and the second slot 321 at the same time, the ratchet 41 locks the half-shaft gear with the differential housing 31, so that the half-shaft gear and the differential housing 31 rotate at the same speed. Through the planetary gear 34 inside the differential assembly 3, the planetary gear 34 shaft locks the half-shaft gear on the other side, so that the two half-shaft gears pass through the speed, thereby realizing the function of differential locking.

[0055] like Figure 8As shown, in this embodiment, a rotation limiting structure 4331 is provided on the second driving member 433, and the rotation limiting structure 4331 is used to limit the angular position of the first driving member 432 rotating in the second direction relative to the second driving member 433. When the first driving member 432 rotates in the first direction relative to the second driving member 433 under the drive of the driving rod 431, it is not limited by the rotation limiting structure 4331. When the first driving member 432 rotates in the second direction relative to the second driving member 433 to a certain relative angular position under the drive of the driving rod 431, the first driving member 432 will abut against the rotation limiting structure 4331, and if the first driving member 432 continues to rotate, it will drive the second driving member 433 to rotate synchronously. That is, when the first driving member 432 rotates to the angular position limited by the rotation limiting structure 4331, if the first driving member 432 continues to rotate in the second direction relative to the second driving member 433, the angular position between the first driving member 432 and the second driving member 433 will no longer change. In a specific implementation, the angular position limited by the rotation limiting structure 4331 can be set to the angular position after the first driving member 432 rotates to completely release the parking state.

[0056] After adopting the above structure, if the parking state is not released, the second driving member 433 will not rotate in the second direction, and thus will not trigger the differential locking operation, which can reliably ensure that the rear differential locking operation will not be triggered when the vehicle is in the parking state. As an optional but advantageous implementation, in this embodiment, when the parking mechanism is in the released parking state, the angle between the first driving member 432 and the second driving member 433 is smaller than the angle between the first driving member 432 and the second driving member 433 when the first driving member 432 abuts against the rotation limiting structure 4331. After adopting the above angle setting, it can be ensured that before the first driving member 432 rotates to drive the second driving member 433 to rotate in the second direction to trigger the differential locking, the first driving member 432 must first rotate to an angular position that can release the parking mechanism from the parking state.

[0057] As an optional but advantageous implementation, in this embodiment, the rotation limiting structure 4331 is located on the side of the first driving member 432 away from the cam 442. The rotation limiting structure 4331 can be a rectangular block extending from the edge of the side of the second driving member 433 away from the cam 442 toward the rotation axis direction of the first driving member 432. Since the limiting structure is located on the side of the first driving member 432 away from the cam 442, the first driving member 432 can only drive the second driving member 433 to rotate in the second direction to achieve differential locking after rotating to a certain angular position relative to the second driving member 433 in the second direction.

[0058] like Figure 8As shown, in this embodiment, the driving assembly 43 further includes a first torsion spring 434 , one end of the first torsion spring 434 is connected to the first driving member 432 , and the other end opposite thereto is connected to the second driving member 433 .

[0059] When the first driving member 432 rotates in the first direction to a certain angle position, the first torsion spring 434 will produce a certain elastic deformation, which is because the first torsion spring 434 has a tendency to recover the deformation, so the first torsion spring 434 will drive the second driving member 433 to rotate in the first direction, so that the second driving member 433 rotates to a position where the differential lock is released. In this way, before the first driving member 432 rotates in the first direction to a position where the parking mechanism blocks the rotation of the ratchet 41, the second driving member 433 will rotate to a position where the differential lock is released.

[0060] like Figure 8 and Fig. 9 As shown, in this embodiment, the locking mechanism 45 further includes a first pin shaft 454 and a first spring 453, the shift fork 451 is sleeved on the connecting rod 452, a spring washer 455 is provided at one end of the connecting rod 452 away from the ratchet 41, the first spring 453 is sleeved between the spring washer 455 and the shift fork 451, one end of the first spring 453 abuts against the shift fork 451, and the other opposite end abuts against the spring washer 455; an axial limiting structure 456 is provided at one end of the connecting rod 452 away from the second driving member 433, a guide groove 4332 extending in a linear direction is provided on the second driving member 433, and the first pin shaft 454 passes through the linear guide groove and the hole on the connecting rod 452;

[0061] When the second driving member 433 rotates in the second direction, the first pin 454 slides in the guide groove 4332 on the second driving member 433 relative to the second driving member 433 along the linear direction of the guide groove 4332, and moves along the axis direction of the connecting rod 452 toward the side close to the ratchet 41, thereby driving the connecting rod 452 to move toward the direction close to the ratchet 41. At this time, the first spring 453 between the spring washer 455 and the shift fork 451 is compressed, and the first spring 453 pushes the shift fork 451 toward the ratchet 41 along the axis direction of the connecting rod 452, so that the shift fork 451 pushes the ratchet 41 toward the direction close to the differential housing 31, and when the ratchet 41 is pushed until its block 413 is inserted into the first and second slots 311 and 321 at the same time, the differential is locked. If the block 413 is in a position where it is not aligned with the slots of the differential housing 31 and the first half-shaft gear 32, the first spring 453 will continue to be compressed. At this time, the ratchet 41 will not continue to move along the axial direction toward the side close to the differential housing 31, but will abut against the end face of the differential housing under the action of the spring force until the first half-shaft gear 32 and the differential housing 31 rotate to align their first slots 311 with the block 413. The ratchet 41 will then continue to move forward to insert the block 413 into the first slots 311 and the second slots 321.

[0062] When the second driving member 433 rotates in the first direction, the second driving member 433 drives the second pin shaft 421 to move along the axial direction of the connecting rod 452 toward the side away from the ratchet 41, and the second pin shaft 421 drives the connecting rod 452 to retreat, and the axial limiting structure 456 on the connecting rod 452 drives the shift fork 451 to retreat until the shift fork 451 retreats to the position where the block 413 is completely withdrawn from the first slot 311 and the second slot 321. This is when the differential is in the locked release rotation, and the differential housing 31 and the first half-shaft gear 32 can rotate relative to each other.

[0063] like Figure 7 As shown, in this embodiment, the ratchet 41 is provided with an annular groove 411 at one end close to the second driving member 433, and at least a portion of the shift fork 451 is embedded in the annular groove 411; the shift fork 451 can shift the ratchet 41 back and forth through the annular groove provided in the ratchet 41, wherein the width of the annular groove is slightly larger than the width of the portion of the shift fork 451 embedded in the groove.

[0064] like Fig.10 As shown, the reducer in this embodiment also includes a second pin shaft 421 and a second torsion spring 422, the second pin shaft 421 is connected to the reducer housing, the pawl 42 is rotatably connected to the second pin shaft, one end of the second torsion spring 422 is connected to the reducer housing, and the other end is abutted against the pawl 42.

[0065] When the pawl 42 is pressed down by the cam 442 and rotates toward the ratchet 41, the second torsion spring 422 is elastically deformed. When the cam 442 retreats, the second torsion spring 422 recovers its deformation, driving the pawl 42 to rotate away from the ratchet 41, until the pawl 42 is completely disengaged from the tooth groove 415 of the ratchet 41, and the parking is released. With the above structure, by rotating the first driving member 432 in the second direction, the pawl 42 can quickly withdraw from the ratchet 41 with the help of the restoring force after the spring deformation, thereby quickly and reliably realizing the parking unlocking.

[0066] In this embodiment, the parking mechanism includes a second spring 443, and an axial limiting portion 444 is provided at one end of the push rod 441 close to the ratchet 41. The axial limiting portion 444 is used to limit the movement of the cam 442 relative to the push rod 441 in the axial direction. The second spring 443 is sleeved on the push rod 441, and an abutment portion 4411 is provided at one end of the push rod 441 away from the ratchet 41. One end of the second spring 443 abuts against the abutment portion 4411, and the other end abuts against the cam 442.

[0067] like Fig.11 and Fig.12 As shown, the parking drive mechanism 44 also includes a limit member 445, the inner wall of the limit member 445 is inclined toward the direction close to the ratchet 41, the outer wall groove of the cam 442 is inclined toward the direction close to the ratchet 41, the inner diameter of the end of the inner wall of the limit member 445 close to the ratchet 41 is smaller than the inner diameter of the end away from the ratchet 41, and the outer diameter of the end of the outer wall of the cam 442 close to the ratchet 41 is smaller than the outer diameter of the end away from the ratchet 41. When the cam 442 moves axially in the direction away from the first driving member 432, the inclined inner wall of the limit member 445 presses the cam 442 down in the direction close to the pawl 42.

[0068] When the driving rod 431 rotates in the first direction, the driving rod 431 drives the push rod 441 to move in the direction close to the ratchet 41. This is because the second spring 443 located between the abutting portion 4411 and the cam 442 is compressed. The spring has a tendency to recover after deformation. Therefore, the spring will push the cam 442 to move along the axis of the push rod 441 in the direction close to the ratchet 41. During the movement, the position where the cam 442 abuts against the inner wall of the limit member 445 gets closer and closer to the axis of the ratchet 41. Therefore, the cam 442 is pressed down by the limit member 445 in the direction close to the axis of the ratchet 41 while moving. During the pressing process, the cam 442 drives the pawl 42 to rotate around the second pin shaft 421 in the direction close to the axis of the ratchet 41, and finally gets stuck in the tooth groove 415 to achieve parking. When the driving rod 431 rotates in the second direction, the driving rod 431 drives the push rod 441 to move in the direction close to the driving rod 431. When it moves to the position where the axial limiting portion 444 abuts the cam 442, the axial limiting portion 444 drives the cam 442 to move in the direction close to the driving rod 431. During the movement, the position where the cam 442 contacts the limiting member 445 gradually moves away from the axis of the ratchet 41. Therefore, the pawl 42 can rotate in the direction away from the ratchet 41 until the pawl 42 is completely withdrawn from the tooth groove 415 of the ratchet 41. At this time, the parking state is released.

[0069] Example 2

[0070] This embodiment provides a new energy vehicle, which includes the multifunctional reducer in Embodiment 1.

[0071] Since the differential of the new energy vehicle in this embodiment adopts the multifunctional reducer in Embodiment 1, this embodiment can realize the functions of parking and differential locking at the same time with a simple structure and low cost.

[0072] The above is a detailed introduction to the multifunctional reducer and new energy vehicle provided by the embodiments of the present invention.

[0073] The above is only a specific implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience and simplicity of description, the specific working process of the system, module and unit described above can refer to the corresponding process in the aforementioned method embodiment, and will not be repeated here. It should be understood that the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of various equivalent modifications or replacements within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, and these modifications or replacements should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. Multifunctional reducer, characterized in that: The invention comprises a reducer housing, an input shaft assembly, an intermediate shaft assembly, a differential assembly, and a parking and differential locking device. The reducer housing comprises a motor end housing and a reducer end housing. The reducer housing is provided with a housing chamber. The input shaft assembly, the intermediate shaft assembly, the differential assembly, and the parking and differential locking device are all arranged in the housing chamber. The input shaft assembly is drivingly connected to the intermediate shaft assembly. The intermediate shaft assembly is drivingly connected to the differential assembly. The differential assembly comprises a differential housing, a first half-shaft gear, a second half-shaft gear, and a planetary gear. The planetary gear rotates synchronously with the differential housing. The planetary gears are respectively meshed with the first half-shaft gear and the second half-shaft gear. The parking and differential locking device comprises a ratchet, a pawl, a driving assembly, a parking mechanism and a locking mechanism, wherein the ratchet is synchronously rotatably connected with the differential assembly, the pawl further comprises a clamping portion, the clamping portion is arranged at one end of the pawl close to the ratchet, and the pawl can rotate around a first rotating shaft fixed to the reducer housing; an opening is arranged on the ratchet, tooth tops and tooth grooves are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction on the cylindrical outer wall of the ratchet, a clamping block is arranged on the cylindrical inner wall of the opening, an annular groove is arranged at one end of the ratchet close to the second driving member, at least a part of the shift fork is embedded in the annular groove, and the width of the annular groove is greater than the width of the shift fork part embedded in the groove; The driving assembly includes a driving rod, a first driving member, a second driving member and a first torsion spring, one end of the first torsion spring is connected to the first driving member, and the other opposite end is connected to the second driving member, the driving rod rotates around a first axis driven by a motor, the first driving member is fixedly connected to the driving rod, and the second driving member is rotationally connected to the driving rod around the first axis.

2. The multifunctional reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The parking mechanism includes a push rod and a cam arranged on the push rod, the push rod is rotatably connected to the first driving member, the surface of the cam abuts against the ratchet, the locking mechanism includes a shift fork and a connecting rod, the shift fork is sleeved on the connecting rod, and the connecting rod is connected to the second driving member, when the driving rod rotates in a first direction, it drives the first driving member to rotate in a direction in which the cam of the parking mechanism engages the pawl in the ratchet, and drives the second driving member to move in a direction in which the locking mechanism is unlocked, when the driving rod rotates in the second direction, it drives the first driving member to move in a direction in which the parking mechanism is released from parking, and after the parking mechanism moves to the released position, it drives the first driving member to continue to move in the direction in which the locking mechanism is moved to the position in which the blocking block locks the differential housing and the first half-shaft gear, wherein the first direction and the second direction are two opposite rotation directions.

3. The multifunctional reducer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The parking mechanism includes a second spring, a second pin shaft and a second torsion spring. An axial limiting portion is provided at the end of the push rod close to the ratchet, and the axial limiting portion is used to limit the movement of the cam relative to the push rod in the axial direction. The second spring is sleeved on the push rod, and an abutment portion is provided at the end of the push rod away from the ratchet. One end of the second spring abuts against the abutment portion, and the other opposite end abuts against the cam. The second pin shaft is connected to the reducer housing, and the pawl is rotatably connected to the second pin shaft. One end of the second torsion spring is connected to the reducer housing, and the other opposite end abuts against the pawl.

4. The multifunctional reducer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The parking mechanism also includes a limit member, the inner wall of the limit member is inclined toward the direction close to the ratchet, the outer wall of the cam is inclined toward the direction close to the ratchet, the inner diameter of the end of the inner wall of the limit member close to the ratchet is smaller than the inner diameter of the end away from the ratchet, and the outer diameter of the end of the outer wall of the cam close to the ratchet is smaller than the outer diameter of the end away from the ratchet, and when the cam moves axially in the direction away from the first driving member, the inclined inner wall of the limit member presses the cam down in the direction close to the pawl.

5. The multifunctional reducer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The locking mechanism also includes a first pin and a first spring. A spring washer is provided at one end of the connecting rod away from the ratchet. The first spring is sleeved between the spring washer and the shift fork. One end of the first spring abuts against the shift fork, and the other opposite end abuts against the spring washer. An axial limiting structure is provided at one end of the connecting rod away from the second driving member. A guide groove extending in a straight direction is provided on the second driving member. The first pin passes through the guide groove and the hole on the connecting rod.

6. The multifunctional reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The input shaft assembly includes an input shaft and an input gear, wherein the input gear is mounted on the input shaft and rotates synchronously with the input shaft, the intermediate shaft assembly includes an intermediate shaft, an intermediate large gear and an intermediate small gear, wherein the intermediate large gear and the intermediate small gear are both mounted on the intermediate shaft and rotate synchronously with the intermediate shaft, and the differential assembly is provided with an output gear, wherein the output gear is rotationally connected to the differential housing, the input gear is meshed with the intermediate large gear, and the intermediate small gear is meshed with the output gear.

7. The multifunctional reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The differential housing is provided with a first slot, and the first side gear is provided with a second slot. When the block of the locking mechanism is inserted into the first slot and the second slot at the same time, the differential is locked.

8. The multifunctional reducer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second driving member is provided with a rotation limiting structure, which is a rectangular block extending along the edge of the second driving member away from the cam toward the rotation axis of the first driving member. The rotation limiting structure is used to limit the angular position of the first driving member rotating in the second direction relative to the second driving member, and the angular position is set at the position after the first driving member rotates to the position where the parking state is completely released.

9. The multifunctional reducer according to claim 8, characterized in that: The rotation limiting structure is located on a side of the first driving member away from the cam, and when the parking mechanism is in a released parking state, the angle between the first driving member and the second driving member is smaller than the angle between the first driving member and the second driving member when the first driving member abuts against the rotation limiting structure.

10. New energy vehicles, characterized in that: A multifunctional reducer comprising any one of claims 1 to 9.

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