Ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy based on texturing, preparation method and application

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of material science and engineering, and particularly relates to a texturing-based ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: 1, preparing; the method comprises the following steps: S1, mixing high-purity aluminum and microalloying elements to obtain a raw material, adding the prepared raw material into an electric arc melting furnace, and melting in a vacuum or inert atmosphere; then the cast aluminum alloy ingot is subjected to homogenizing heat treatment, and the aluminum alloy subjected to homogenizing heat treatment is obtained; s2, the aluminum alloy subjected to homogenizing heat treatment in the S1 is machined, and texturing is introduced through mechanical deformation; and then annealing treatment is conducted, recrystallized aluminum alloy is obtained, aging treatment and machining forming are conducted, and the super-strength aluminum alloy based on texturing is obtained. The alloy provided by the invention has ultrahigh strength, good toughness and ductility and improved fatigue resistance, and has wide application prospects in the fields of aerospace, automobile industry and rail transit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of material science and engineering, and specifically relates to an ultra-high strength aluminum alloy based on texturing, a preparation method and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] The present invention belongs to the field of material science and engineering, and specifically relates to an ultra-high strength aluminum alloy based on texturing and a preparation method thereof.

[0003] Aluminum alloys have been widely used in high-tech fields such as aerospace, automobile manufacturing, rail transportation, and defense industry due to their excellent strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and easy processing. However, the strength of traditional aluminum alloys is still insufficient to meet the needs of some key components under extreme conditions (such as high temperature, high pressure, and high stress). In order to improve the comprehensive properties of aluminum alloys, especially strength and toughness, researchers design materials by adding microalloying elements and changing the microstructure. However, traditional microstructure control methods have gradually exposed their limitations when faced with the need to further improve the performance of aluminum alloys.

[0004] To this end, the present invention proposes an ultra-high strength aluminum alloy through texturing, which significantly improves the strength, toughness and other key mechanical properties of the material by controlling the optimization of texture and grain orientation on the basis of composition design. Through the special texturing process design, combined with microalloying and heat treatment processes, the aluminum alloy material of the present invention has higher strength than traditional aluminum alloys, and at the same time has good ductility and fatigue performance, and is suitable for applications in high-tech fields such as aerospace. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for preparing an ultra-high strength aluminum alloy based on texturing, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1: high-purity aluminum and micro-alloying elements are mixed to obtain raw materials, the prepared raw materials are added to an arc melting furnace, and smelted under vacuum or inert atmosphere to obtain alloy ingots, and then the cast aluminum alloy ingots are subjected to homogenization heat treatment to obtain aluminum alloy after homogenization heat treatment;

[0007] S2: The aluminum alloy after homogenization heat treatment in S1 is processed to introduce texturing through mechanical deformation; then annealing treatment is performed to obtain a recrystallized aluminum alloy, and then aging treatment and processing are performed to obtain an ultra-high strength aluminum alloy based on texturing.

[0008] Furthermore, the microalloying elements described in S1 include copper, magnesium, manganese, zinc, and silver; the addition amount of copper is 3% to 6%, the addition amount of magnesium is 0.5% to 2.5%, the addition amount of manganese is 0.3% to 1.2%, the addition amount of zinc is 1% to 3%, and the addition amount of silver is 0.1% to 0.5%.

[0009] Furthermore, the temperature of the homogenization heat treatment process in S1 is 500-550°C.

[0010] Furthermore, the processing process in S2 is hot rolling or cold rolling.

[0011] Furthermore, the temperature during the annealing process in S2 is 300-400°C.

[0012] Furthermore, the temperature of the aging treatment in S2 is 150-200°C.

[0013] Furthermore, the processing in S2 is any one of extrusion and forging.

[0014] An ultra-high strength aluminum alloy based on texturing

[0015] An application of an ultra-high strength aluminum alloy based on texturing, wherein the ultra-high strength aluminum alloy based on texturing is used in the preparation of aircraft fuselages, wings, engine components, body structures, chassis systems, engine components, and body structural parts.

[0016] Beneficial Effects

[0017] (1) The present invention provides an ultra-high strength aluminum alloy based on texturing, which has ultra-high strength: through texturing design and microalloying, the tensile strength and yield strength of the material are significantly improved, and it is particularly suitable for structural parts that require high strength. Good toughness and ductility: While maintaining high strength, the material of the present invention still has good ductility and toughness, and is suitable for the forming of parts with complex shapes. Improved fatigue resistance: The optimized grain orientation enables the material to exhibit excellent fatigue resistance under cyclic loads, and is suitable for fields such as aerospace, automobiles, etc. that have high requirements for fatigue life.

[0018] (2) The present invention provides an application of an ultra-high strength aluminum alloy based on texturing. The aluminum alloy is used to manufacture key components that require high strength and light weight, such as aircraft fuselages, wings, and engine components. It can also be used for body structures, chassis systems, and engine components to improve vehicle performance and safety. It can also be used to manufacture body structural parts for high-speed trains, subways, and other means of transportation to reduce vehicle weight and improve operating efficiency. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following will be combined with embodiments 1 to 3 of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solution of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing an ultra-high strength aluminum alloy based on texturing, which significantly improves the strength, toughness and fatigue resistance of the material by controlling the composition and texture of the alloy, optimizing the grain orientation distribution and grain boundary characteristics. The aluminum alloy not only has excellent mechanical properties, but also has a simple preparation process and is easy to promote industrialization, and is suitable for fields requiring high strength and high reliability.

[0021] The present invention provides a method for preparing an ultra-high strength aluminum alloy based on texturing, which specifically comprises the following steps:

[0022] S1: First, weigh high-purity aluminum and micro-alloying elements, mix them, add them into an arc melting furnace, and melt them in a vacuum or inert atmosphere to ensure that the elements are evenly mixed; after melting, cast and quickly cool them to form a preliminary alloy ingot, and the aluminum alloy ingot obtained in S1 is subjected to homogenization heat treatment and heat preservation to eliminate segregation and unevenness formed during the casting process and promote uniform distribution of alloy elements in the matrix;

[0023] S2: The aluminum alloy after homogenization treatment in S1 is subjected to hot rolling or cold rolling, and texturing design is introduced through mechanical deformation; the rolling process parameters (such as temperature, reduction, rolling speed, etc.) are adjusted, and the rolling process parameters should be optimized and regulated according to the target texture; then annealing is performed to allow recrystallization to occur inside the material to form a fine and uniform recrystallization texture, thereby improving the balance between the plasticity and strength of the material; the recrystallized aluminum alloy material is subjected to aging treatment to promote the formation of precipitation phases, thereby further enhancing the hardness and tensile strength of the material; after texturing and heat treatment, the material is further processed and formed to obtain an ultra-high strength aluminum alloy based on texturing.

[0024] Example 1

[0025] S1: High-purity aluminum, 3% copper, 0.5% magnesium, 0.3% manganese, 1% zinc, and 0.1% silver are mixed to obtain raw materials, the prepared raw materials are added into an arc melting furnace, and smelted in a vacuum atmosphere to obtain an alloy ingot, and then the cast aluminum alloy ingot is subjected to homogenization heat treatment and kept at 500° C. to obtain an aluminum alloy after homogenization heat treatment;

[0026] S2: hot rolling the homogenized aluminum alloy, introducing texturing design through mechanical deformation, adjusting the rolling process parameters, with a rolling deformation of 60%, and then annealing at 300°C, aging the recrystallized aluminum alloy material, and keeping it warm at 150°C for 12 hours; after extrusion processing, an ultra-high strength aluminum alloy based on texturing is obtained.

[0027] Example 2

[0028] S1: High-purity aluminum, 6% copper, 2.5% magnesium, 1.2% manganese, 3% zinc, and 0.5% silver are mixed to obtain raw materials, the prepared raw materials are added into an arc melting furnace, and smelted in a vacuum atmosphere to obtain an alloy ingot, and then the cast aluminum alloy ingot is subjected to homogenization heat treatment and kept at 550° C. to obtain an aluminum alloy after homogenization heat treatment;

[0029] S2: hot rolling the aluminum alloy after homogenization treatment, introducing texturing design through mechanical deformation, adjusting the rolling process parameters, the rolling deformation amount is 80%, and then annealing treatment is performed at 400°C, and the recrystallized aluminum alloy material is aged and kept at 200°C for 20 hours; after extrusion processing, an ultra-high strength aluminum alloy based on texturing is obtained.

[0030] Example 3

[0031] S1: High-purity aluminum, 4% copper, 1.5% magnesium, 0.8% manganese, 2% zinc, and 0.25% silver are mixed to obtain raw materials, the prepared raw materials are added into an arc melting furnace, and smelted in a vacuum atmosphere to obtain an alloy ingot, and then the cast aluminum alloy ingot is subjected to homogenization heat treatment and kept at 525° C. to obtain an aluminum alloy after homogenization heat treatment;

[0032] S2: hot rolling the homogenized aluminum alloy, introducing texturing design through mechanical deformation, adjusting the rolling process parameters, with a rolling deformation of 50%, and then annealing at 350°C, aging the recrystallized aluminum alloy material, and keeping it at 175°C for 24 hours; after extrusion processing, an ultra-high strength aluminum alloy based on texturing is obtained.

[0033] The ultra-high strength aluminum alloy based on texturing obtained in the embodiment was subjected to texture analysis, and the texture of the aluminum alloy was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) to confirm its grain orientation distribution and texturing effect. The ideal texture should have a significant strength enhancement effect in a specific direction.

[0034] In addition, mechanical property tests such as stretching, compression, and bending are carried out to evaluate the tensile strength, yield strength, ductility, and toughness of the material. By comparing the changes in mechanical properties before and after texturing, the improvement in material performance is verified. There are also fatigue tests, which conduct low-cycle fatigue and high-cycle fatigue tests on the material to evaluate the fatigue resistance of the material under cyclic loads. The texturing design should significantly improve the fatigue life of the material. Through corrosion resistance tests, immersion corrosion, salt spray tests and other methods, the corrosion resistance of aluminum alloys is evaluated, especially the durability in harsh environments such as oceans and industrial pollution.

[0035] The present invention provides a method for preparing an ultra-high strength aluminum alloy based on texturing; wherein, the introduction of the texturing design enables the grains of the material to have an optimal orientation distribution in a specific direction, thereby improving the overall mechanical properties of the material; and through the synergistic effect of rolling texture and recrystallization texture, the yield strength and tensile strength of the material are significantly improved. The optimization of grain boundary energy during the recrystallization process reduces the generation and expansion of cracks and improves the impact resistance of the material; the optimization of grain orientation enables the material to exhibit higher fatigue resistance under cyclic loads and prolongs the service life of the material.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an ultra-high strength aluminum alloy based on texturing, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: high-purity aluminum and micro-alloying elements are mixed to obtain raw materials, the prepared raw materials are added to an arc melting furnace, and smelted under vacuum or inert atmosphere to obtain alloy ingots, and then the cast aluminum alloy ingots are subjected to homogenization heat treatment to obtain aluminum alloy after homogenization heat treatment; S2: The aluminum alloy after homogenization heat treatment in S1 is processed to introduce texturing through mechanical deformation; Then, annealing treatment is performed to obtain a recrystallized aluminum alloy, and then aging treatment and processing are performed to obtain an ultra-high strength aluminum alloy based on texturing.

2. The method for preparing an ultra-high strength aluminum alloy based on texturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microalloying elements described in S1 include copper, magnesium, manganese, zinc and silver; the addition amount of copper is 3% to 6%, the addition amount of magnesium is 0.5% to 2.5%, the addition amount of manganese is 0.3% to 1.2%, the addition amount of zinc is 1% to 3%, and the addition amount of silver is 0.1% to 0.5%.

3. The method for preparing an ultra-high strength aluminum alloy based on texturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature of the homogenization heat treatment process in S1 is 500-550°C.

4. The method for preparing an ultra-high strength aluminum alloy based on texturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The processing process in S2 is hot rolling or cold rolling.

5. The method for preparing an ultra-high strength aluminum alloy based on texturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature during the annealing in S2 is 300-400°C.

6. The method for preparing an ultra-high strength aluminum alloy based on texturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature of the aging treatment in S2 is 150-200°C.

7. The method for preparing an ultra-high strength aluminum alloy based on texturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The processing and forming in S2 is any one of extrusion and forging.

8. An ultra-high strength aluminum alloy based on texturing obtained according to the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. The use of an ultra-high strength aluminum alloy based on texturing according to claim 9, characterized in that: The texturing-based ultra-high strength aluminum alloy is used in the preparation of aircraft fuselages, wings, engine components, body structures, chassis systems, engine components, and body structural parts.