Slow wave structure and extended interaction oscillator

Abstract

The utility model discloses a slow wave structure and an expansion interaction oscillator, relates to the vacuum electronic device technology field, and comprises a housing, the housing is internally provided with a coupling cavity, a first grid structure, a second grid structure and a third grid structure, the first grid structure is provided with a first electron beam channel, and the second grid structure is provided with a second electron beam channel. The first grid-shaped structure is provided with a first electron beam channel, the second grid-shaped structure is provided with a second electron beam channel, the third grid-shaped structure is provided with a third electron beam channel, the first electron beam channel, the second electron beam channel and the third electron beam channel are all communicated with the coupling cavity, and electron beams generate beam-wave interaction in the three electron beam channels connected in parallel. Generated electromagnetic waves are coupled in the coupling cavity, and the size and the output power of the trapezoidal line slow wave structure are optimized and improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of vacuum electronic devices, in particular to a slow-wave structure and an extended interaction oscillator. Background Art

[0002] The higher the operating frequency of a vacuum electronic device, the shorter the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave. Therefore, vacuum devices operating in the terahertz band need to be smaller in size. As the size of vacuum electronic devices decreases, the volume inside the device also decreases. Under the condition that the device is not broken down by the vacuum, the increase in the power capacity per unit volume in the device is limited. Therefore, the requirements for the operating power and output frequency of vacuum electronic devices constrain each other, affecting the development of vacuum electronic devices operating in the terahertz band. In order to solve this problem, a ribbon electron beam is introduced in the prior art. Compared with the traditional cylindrical electron beam, a device using a ribbon electron beam only needs to control the size in one direction of the cross section to ensure the operating frequency, and appropriately increase the size in the other direction, thereby increasing the device power.

[0003] In order to make better use of the strip electron beam, a trapezoidal line slow-wave structure is usually used in the prior art, so that the strip electron beam passes through the gaps opened on the grid structure. Under the frequency selection action of the slow-wave circuit, the electron beam undergoes velocity modulation and density modulation, causing the electrons to cluster and exchange energy to the high-frequency field, completing effective beam-wave interaction, and finally obtaining electromagnetic waves of a specific frequency.

[0004] In the prior art, in order to increase the power of the output electromagnetic wave of the trapezoidal line slow-wave structure, the usual means is to synthesize the power of multiple electromagnetic wave devices, which results in a larger structural size of the entire system, which is usually related to the number of synthesized devices. For example, if three devices are synthesized, because there are magnetic fields, packaging components, power supplies, etc. outside a single device, plus the waveguide system required for power synthesis, the final structural size will be greater than three times the original size. Such a system cannot be well applied due to its large size. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of the utility model is to improve the existing trapezoidal line slow-wave structure and optimize the size and output power of the trapezoidal line slow-wave structure.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the utility model, the utility model provides a slow-wave structure, including a shell, in which a coupling cavity, a first grid-like structure, a second grid-like structure and a third grid-like structure are arranged, the first grid-like structure is provided with a first electron injection channel, the second grid-like structure is provided with a second electron injection channel, and the third grid-like structure is provided with a third electron injection channel, wherein the first electron injection channel, the second electron injection channel and the third electron injection channel are all connected to the coupling cavity.

[0007] Among them, the principle of the utility model is: three strip electron beams with the same speed are respectively input into the first electron beam channel, the second electron beam channel and the third electron beam channel, so that the strip electron beams are clustered under the action of the corresponding grating structures, generate beam-wave interaction, and obtain corresponding electromagnetic waves; since the first electron beam channel, the second electron beam channel and the third electron beam channel are all connected to the coupling cavity, the electromagnetic waves generated by the three strip electron beams are coupled in the coupling cavity to obtain power-amplified electromagnetic waves; the utility model improves the output power of the electromagnetic wave by connecting three single-cavity trapezoidal line slow-wave structures in parallel, without changing the size of the grating structure in the trapezoidal line slow-wave structure, and meets the requirements for the operating frequency and output power of vacuum electronic components in the terahertz band.

[0008] The present application inputs three strip electron beams with the same speed into the first electron beam channel, the second electron beam channel and the third electron beam channel respectively, so that the strip electron beams are clustered under the action of the corresponding grid structures, generate beam-wave interaction, and obtain corresponding electromagnetic waves; since the first electron beam channel, the second electron beam channel and the third electron beam channel are all connected to the coupling cavity, the electromagnetic waves generated by the three strip electron beams are coupled in the coupling cavity to obtain power-amplified electromagnetic waves; the utility model improves the output power of the electromagnetic wave by connecting three single-cavity trapezoidal line slow-wave structures in parallel.

[0009] Comparing the three-channel trapezoidal line slow-wave structure in the present application with the traditional single-channel trapezoidal line slow-wave structure, it can be seen that the height and width dimensions of the overall structure are not much different, and the difference lies in the length. Because the single-channel trapezoidal line slow-wave structure in the prior art has only one grid structure, the structure in the present application has three grid structures, and other components are the same, such as corresponding coupling cavities and waveguides, and the difference is only in the number of grid structures. Therefore, under the premise that the height and width are both equivalent to no change and only the width changes, the size of the slow-wave structure in the present application is not greatly increased, that is, the size of the trapezoidal line slow-wave structure is better controlled. Compared with the power synthesis method, the present application only uses a set of external magnetic field, packaging components, power supply, etc., and the overall size is almost the same as the original size, but the power is greatly increased.

[0010] In order to further improve the electromagnetic wave power output by the slow-wave structure, the first grid-like structure, the second grid-like structure and the third grid-like structure are of the same size and are evenly distributed in the shell, the first electron injection channel, the second electron injection channel and the third electron injection channel are of the same size, and the position of the first electron injection channel on the first grid-like structure, the position of the second electron injection channel on the second grid-like structure and the position of the third electron injection channel on the third grid-like structure are all the same; thus, when the band-shaped electron beam passes through the electron injection channels on both sides, corresponding electric fields are generated respectively, and the above electric fields are superimposed at the middle electron injection channel to enhance the electric field strength at the middle electron injection channel, thereby promoting the injection-wave interaction of the middle electron injection channel and enhancing the electromagnetic wave power generated by the middle electron injection channel; after the electromagnetic waves generated by the above three electron injection channels complete the coupling in the coupling cavity, since the electromagnetic wave power generated by the middle electron beam is enhanced, the electromagnetic wave power obtained after coupling is also enhanced.

[0011] In order to obtain electromagnetic waves of a specific frequency and export the electromagnetic waves coupled in the coupling cavity so as to subsequently utilize the electromagnetic waves, the slow-wave structure also includes a coupling hole and a rectangular waveguide corresponding to the coupling hole. The coupling hole is arranged on the shell, and the rectangular waveguide is connected to the coupling cavity through the coupling hole. After the electromagnetic waves generated by the first electron beam, the second electron beam and the third electron beam are coupled in the coupling cavity, they are transmitted to the rectangular waveguide through the coupling hole, and the generated electromagnetic waves are exported by the rectangular waveguide.

[0012] Furthermore, in order to allow all electromagnetic waves passing through the coupling hole to accurately enter the rectangular waveguide and be output by the rectangular waveguide, the size of the cross-section of the coupling hole is smaller than the size of the cross-section of the rectangular waveguide, which effectively reduces the loss caused by electromagnetic wave scattering and ensures the stability of the power of the output electromagnetic wave.

[0013] Furthermore, since the electron injection channels on both sides of the three electron injection channels connected in parallel affect the middle electron injection channel, the electric field at the middle electron injection channel is enhanced, and the injection-wave interaction of the middle electron injection channel is promoted. Therefore, the electromagnetic wave power generated at the middle electron injection channel is the largest. In order to make the coupling hole output high-power electromagnetic waves, the first grid-like structure and the third grid-like structure are distributed on both sides of the second grid-like structure, and the position of the coupling hole corresponds to the position of the second grid-like structure.

[0014] Furthermore, since in a single electron injection channel, the electron clustering effect is strongest at the midpoint of the channel and the generated electromagnetic wave is also the strongest, in order to facilitate the coupling hole to derive the electromagnetic wave corresponding to the above position, the center of the coupling hole is located on the perpendicular bisector of the center line of the second electron injection channel.

[0015] Further, in order to simultaneously obtain two coupled electromagnetic waves, the coupling cavity includes a first cavity and a second cavity, the first cavity is arranged at the top of the shell, the second cavity is arranged at the bottom of the shell, the upper ends of the first electron injection channel, the second electron injection channel and the third electron injection channel are all connected to the first cavity; the lower ends of the first electron injection channel, the second electron injection channel and the third electron injection channel are all connected to the second cavity, the coupling hole includes a first coupling hole and a second coupling hole, the first coupling hole is connected to the first cavity, the coupling hole is connected to the second cavity, and the electromagnetic waves generated by the first electron injection channel, the second electron injection channel and the third electron injection channel are coupled in the first cavity and / or the second cavity.

[0016] Furthermore, after the electromagnetic wave is coupled in the coupling cavity, it is guided out from the coupling hole to the waveguide and finally output, wherein the output electromagnetic wave power is also affected by the size of the coupling hole. In order to obtain electromagnetic waves with the same phase but different powers, the first coupling hole and the second coupling hole have different sizes.

[0017] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the utility model further provides an extended interaction oscillator, comprising an electron gun and an oscillator body, wherein any one of the above-mentioned slow-wave structures is installed in the oscillator body.

[0018] Among them, the principle of the extended interaction oscillator is: the electron gun emits an electron beam, which passes through a slow-wave structure installed in the oscillator body, and under the action of the slow-wave structure, the phase velocity of the electromagnetic wave signal is synchronized with the velocity of the electron beam to obtain an amplified electromagnetic wave, and finally the waveguide completes the output of the electromagnetic wave.

[0019] One or more technical solutions provided by the utility model have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0020] The utility model provides a slow-wave structure, which connects three electron injection channels in parallel, so that the electromagnetic waves generated by the three strip electron injections are coupled in the coupling cavity to obtain electromagnetic waves with higher power, and the output electromagnetic wave power is improved without significantly increasing the size of the trapezoidal line slow-wave structure and the overall size of the device, thereby meeting the requirements for the operating frequency and output power of vacuum electronic components in the terahertz band; at the same time, the electric fields generated by the electron injection channels on both sides are superimposed at the middle electron injection channel, and the electric field strength at the middle electron injection channel is enhanced, thereby promoting the injection-wave interaction of the middle electron injection channel, and further enhancing the electromagnetic wave power generated by the middle electron injection channel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the present utility model, constitute a part of the present utility model, and do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of the present utility model;

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the slow wave structure in the utility model;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the extended interaction oscillator in the utility model;

[0024] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the existing trapezoidal line slow wave structure;

[0025] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the existing trapezoidal line slow-wave structure wrapped by oxygen-free copper metal;

[0026] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the side view size of an existing trapezoidal line slow-wave structure;

[0027] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the front view size of the existing trapezoidal line slow-wave structure;

[0028] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the size of an existing trapezoidal line slow-wave structure from a top view;

[0029] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the trapezoidal line slow-wave structure in this application;

[0030] Figure 9-10 This is a schematic diagram of the size of the trapezoidal line slow-wave structure in this application;

[0031] Among them, 1-first grid structure, 2-second grid structure, 3-third grid structure, 4-first electron injection channel, 5-second electron injection channel, 6-third electron injection channel, 7-coupling hole, 8-rectangular waveguide, 9-first cavity, 10-second cavity, 11-electron gun, 12-permanent magnet, 13-collecting pole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In order to more clearly understand the above-mentioned purpose, features and advantages of the utility model, the utility model is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments of the utility model and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0033] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those within the scope of this description. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0034] Embodiment 1

[0035] Please refer to Figure 1 Embodiment 1 of the utility model provides a slow-wave structure, including a shell, in which a coupling cavity, a first grid-like structure 1, a second grid-like structure 2 and a third grid-like structure 3 are arranged, the first grid-like structure 1 is provided with a first electron injection channel 4, the second grid-like structure 2 is provided with a second electron injection channel 5, and the third grid-like structure 3 is provided with a third electron injection channel 6, wherein the first electron injection channel 4, the second electron injection channel 5 and the third electron injection channel 6 are all connected to the coupling cavity.

[0036] Among them, the first grid structure 1, the second grid structure 2 and the third grid structure 3 are all multi-polar metal grids of a certain length. The adjacent plates in the multi-polar metal grid have different electrical properties. When the electron beam passes through the corresponding electron beam channel on the grid structure, the speed modulation and density modulation are completed under the action of the metal gate properties, thereby clustering occurs and the corresponding electromagnetic wave is obtained.

[0037] Among them, since the first electron injection channel 4, the second electron injection channel 5 and the third electron injection channel 6 are all connected to the coupling cavity, the electromagnetic waves generated by the electron injections in the first electron injection channel 4, the second electron injection channel 5 and the third electron injection channel 6 are coupled in the coupling cavity, wherein the speed of the electron injection in the first electron injection channel 4, the second electron injection channel 5 or the third electron injection channel 6 is determined according to actual needs, and this embodiment does not make any specific limitations here.

[0038] Among them, in this embodiment, the first grid-like structure 1, the second grid-like structure 2 and the third grid-like structure 3 are of the same size and are evenly distributed in the shell, the first electron injection channel 4, the second electron injection channel 5 and the third electron injection channel 6 are of the same size, and the position of the first electron injection channel 4 on the first grid-like structure 1, the position of the second electron injection channel 5 on the second grid-like structure 2 and the position of the third electron injection channel 6 on the third grid-like structure 3 are all the same.

[0039] Among them, the specific sizes of the first grid-like structure 1, the second grid-like structure 2 and the third grid-like structure 3 are determined according to actual needs, and this embodiment does not make any specific restrictions here; the specific position of the first electron injection channel 4 on the first grid-like structure 1, the specific position of the second electron injection channel 5 on the second grid-like structure 2 and the specific position of the third electron injection channel 6 on the third grid-like structure 3 are determined according to actual needs, and this embodiment does not make any specific restrictions here.

[0040] In this embodiment, the slow-wave structure further includes a coupling hole 7 and a rectangular waveguide 8 corresponding to the coupling hole 7 . The coupling hole 7 is provided on the shell, and the rectangular waveguide 8 is connected to the coupling cavity through the coupling hole 7 .

[0041] The rectangular waveguide 8 may be a parallel double-line waveguide, a coaxial line waveguide or a cylindrical metal waveguide. The specific type of the waveguide is determined according to actual needs and is not specifically limited in this embodiment.

[0042] Among them, in this embodiment, the size of the cross section of the coupling hole 7 is smaller than the size of the cross section of the rectangular waveguide 8. The specific size of the cross section of the coupling hole 7 and the cross section of the rectangular waveguide 8 are determined according to actual needs and are not specifically limited in this embodiment.

[0043] In this embodiment, the first gate-like structure 1 and the third gate-like structure 3 are distributed on both sides of the second gate-like structure 2 , and the position of the coupling hole 7 corresponds to the position of the second gate-like structure 2 .

[0044] In this embodiment, the center of the coupling hole 7 is located on the perpendicular midline of the center line of the second electron injection channel 5 .

[0045] Among them, in a more preferred embodiment, the coupling cavity includes a first cavity 9 and a second cavity 10, the first cavity 9 is arranged at the top of the shell, and the second cavity 10 is arranged at the bottom of the shell, the upper ends of the first electron injection channel 4, the second electron injection channel 5 and the third electron injection channel 6 are all connected to the first cavity 9; the lower ends of the first electron injection channel 4, the second electron injection channel 5 and the third electron injection channel 6 are all connected to the second cavity 10, and the coupling hole 7 includes a first coupling hole and a second coupling hole, the first coupling hole is connected to the first cavity 9, and the second coupling hole is connected to the second cavity 10.

[0046] Specifically, after the injection-wave interaction occurs among the first electron injection channel 4, the second electron injection channel 5 and the third electron injection channel 6, since the upper ends of the first electron injection channel 4, the second electron injection channel 5 and the third electron injection channel 6 are all connected to the first cavity 9, and the lower ends of the first electron injection channel 4, the second electron injection channel 5 and the third electron injection channel 6 are all connected to the second cavity 10, the electromagnetic waves generated by them are respectively coupled in the first cavity 9 and / or the second cavity 10, and two coupled electromagnetic waves can be obtained at the same time.

[0047] In this embodiment, since the electromagnetic wave output by the slow-wave structure is also affected by the size of the coupling hole, the first coupling hole and the second coupling hole have different sizes, and electromagnetic waves with the same phase and different powers are obtained through the first coupling hole and the second coupling hole. The specific sizes of the first coupling hole and the second coupling hole are determined according to actual needs, and this embodiment does not make specific limitations here.

[0048] The following is an introduction to the comparison between the trapezoidal line slow-wave structure in this application and the traditional trapezoidal line slow-wave structure in terms of shape, size and power:

[0049] Please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 For the schematic diagram of the existing trapezoidal line slow wave structure, please refer to Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the existing trapezoidal line slow-wave structure wrapped by oxygen-free copper metal. Figure 4 The light yellow part in the middle is oxygen-free copper metal. Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the side view size of the existing trapezoidal line slow-wave structure. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the dimensions of the existing trapezoidal line slow-wave structure. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the top view of the existing trapezoidal line slow-wave structure. The units of the dimensions are all mm. The output power of the existing trapezoidal line slow-wave structure is 195.7W. Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the trapezoidal line slow-wave structure in this application, Figure 9-10 This is a schematic diagram of the size of the trapezoidal line slow-wave structure in the present application. From the size comparison between the present application and the trapezoidal line slow-wave structure in the prior art, it can be seen that the size has not increased by 3 times and has not increased significantly. The trapezoidal line slow-wave structure in the present application can output 140GHz terahertz waves with a power of about 570W, which is about three times the power of the single-beam structure.

[0050] Embodiment 2

[0051] Please refer to Figure 1-Figure 2 Embodiment 2 of the present invention provides an extended interaction oscillator, comprising an electron gun 11 and an oscillator body, wherein a slow-wave structure provided by any one of the above embodiments is installed in the oscillator body.

[0052] Among them, the Extended Interaction Oscillator (EIO) is a kind of extended interaction device, which is a klystron working based on the standing wave mode in vacuum electronic devices.

[0053] For details, please refer to Figure 2In addition to the slow-wave structure installed inside the oscillator body, the oscillator body also includes a permanent magnet 12 and a collector 13, wherein the electron gun 11 is used to provide the electron beam required for amplifying the electromagnetic wave; when the electron beam passes through the electron beam channel on the slow-wave structure, the phase velocity of the microwave signal is synchronized with the velocity of the electron beam under the action of the slow-wave structure to obtain the amplified electromagnetic wave, and the coupling cavity in the slow-wave structure is coupled, and finally the rectangular waveguide 8 completes the output of the electromagnetic wave; the permanent magnet 12 is used to focus the electron beam in the slow-wave structure to prevent the electron beam from diverging, so that the electron beam and the microwave signal can perform effective beam-wave interaction; the collector 13 is used to collect electrons at the end of the electron beam channel.

[0054] Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art may make other changes and modifications to these embodiments once they have learned the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the present invention.

[0055] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A slow-wave structure, comprising a housing, characterized in that: The shell is provided with a coupling cavity, a first grid-like structure (1), a second grid-like structure (2) and a third grid-like structure (3); the first grid-like structure (1) is provided with a first electron injection channel (4); the second grid-like structure (2) is provided with a second electron injection channel (5); the third grid-like structure (3) is provided with a third electron injection channel (6); wherein the first electron injection channel (4), the second electron injection channel (5) and the third electron injection channel (6) are all connected to the coupling cavity.

2. A slow-wave structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first grid-like structure (1), the second grid-like structure and the third grid-like structure (3) are all of the same size and are evenly distributed in the shell; the first electron injection channel (4), the second electron injection channel (5) and the third electron injection channel (6) are all of the same size; and the position of the first electron injection channel (4) on the first grid-like structure (1), the position of the second electron injection channel (5) on the second grid-like structure (2) and the position of the third electron injection channel (6) on the third grid-like structure (3) are all the same.

3. A slow-wave structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The slow-wave structure further comprises a coupling hole (7) and a rectangular waveguide (8) corresponding to the coupling hole (7); the coupling hole (7) is arranged on the shell; and the rectangular waveguide (8) is connected to the coupling cavity through the coupling hole (7).

4. A slow-wave structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The size of the cross section of the coupling hole (7) is smaller than the size of the cross section of the rectangular waveguide (8).

5. A slow-wave structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first grid-like structure (1) and the third grid-like structure (3) are distributed on both sides of the second grid-like structure (2), and the position of the coupling hole (7) corresponds to the position of the second grid-like structure (2).

6. A slow-wave structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The center of the coupling hole (7) is located on the perpendicular midline of the center line of the second electron injection channel (5).

7. A slow-wave structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The coupling cavity comprises a first cavity (9) and a second cavity (10), the first cavity (9) being arranged at the top of the shell, and the second cavity (10) being arranged at the bottom of the shell, the upper ends of the first electron injection channel (4), the second electron injection channel (5) and the third electron injection channel (6) are all in communication with the first cavity (9); the lower ends of the first electron injection channel (4), the second electron injection channel (5) and the third electron injection channel (6) are all in communication with the second cavity (10), and the coupling hole (7) comprises a first coupling hole and a second coupling hole, the first coupling hole is in communication with the first cavity (9), and the second coupling hole is in communication with the second cavity (10).

8. A slow-wave structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first coupling hole and the second coupling hole have different sizes.

9. An extended interaction oscillator, comprising an electron gun (11) and an oscillator body, characterized in that: A slow-wave structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 8 is installed in the oscillator body.

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