The invention discloses a high-dust holding capacity and high-efficiency composite electrostatic air purification device, which sequentially comprises a primary filtering screen, a carbon brush charge region, an electrostatic dust removal region, an air filter and a dust hopper, wherein a differential pressure transducer is arranged at the two ends of the air filter; a material level sensor is arranged in the dust hopper. According to the composite electrostatic air purification device, charged particles are collected by the electrostatic dust removal region, so that the air filter is protected, and the service life of the air filter is prolonged; the dust holding capacity of the air filter is reduced, pressure drop is reduced, and labor is saved; the exposure time of air, dust and particles on the air filter is reduced, and secondary pollution to the air caused by gas pollutants and bacterial viruses in a particle filtering process is reduced; the filtering efficiency of the electrostatic dust removal region is insensitive to blast volume changes, and the influence of proper increase of the blast volume to the overall dust removal efficiency of the device is limited, so that the purification device is suitable for blast volume variable buildings.