220results about How to "Reduce the effective area" patented technology

A valve prosthesis is adapted to operate in conjunction with native heart valve leaflets. The prosthesis includes an annulus and a skirt extending from the annulus. The skirt may be configured to be positioned through a native heart valve annulus, and the skirt may be movable between an open configuration permitting blood flow through the skirt and a closed configuration blocking blood flow through the skirt in cooperation with opening and closing of the native heart valve leaflets.

The present invention relates to a novel thermal-sensitive resistive apparatus, such as PTC and NTC, which allocates planar electrode films on the top and bottom surfaces of a prior art thermal-sensitive resistive apparatus, such as a PTC apparatus, to laminate with an outer electrode layer. A plurality of interconnection vias are electroplated with conductive material to connect to any plane. It is convenient to surface mount the apparatus of the present invention on a printed circuit board. The present invention can largely increase the dimensional stability of components and overcome the disadvantage that thermal diffusion of the prior are surface mounted resistive apparatus is affected easily by line width and environments.

Apparatus and methods are described for a multi-level FeRAM memory device. Using write and read circuits associated with the memory device, multiple data states may be written to and read from the ferroelectric memory device which are associated with a single polarization direction, thereby allowing for a single cell to contain more than one bit of data.

A particulate accumulation amount estimating system is configured to accurately estimate an amount of particulate matter accumulated in a particulate filter based on the pressure difference across the particulate filter even when ash is accumulated in the particulate filter. The particulate accumulation amount estimating system is configured to estimate a particulate accumulation amount of particulate matter accumulated in the particulate filter based on a pressure difference that was detected across the particulate filter and an effective area change of the particulate filter that was detected due to the accumulation of ash in the particulate filter. The estimate of the particulate accumulation amount based on the pressure difference across the filter will be lower as the estimate value of the ash accumulation amount becomes larger.

An improved self-retaining pressure sensor assembly includes a pressure sensor having a housing, a depending ported stem terminated in an enlarged foot, and a flanged resilient seal disposed about the stem between the pressure sensor housing and foot, with the seal flange having one or more notches about its circumferential periphery to ease insertion and extraction of the assembly with respect to a circular opening formed in a pressure vessel. The notches reduce the effective area of the flange, proportionately decreasing the force (insertion force) needed to insert the assembly at the time of installation and the force (extraction force) needed to subsequently remove the assembly for repair or replacement. The number and size of the notches can be adjusted to provide acceptable insertion and extraction forces, without lubricant, while not significantly compromising the self-retention capability of the assembly.

The present invention belongs to the field of membrane bioreactor, and is especially one mechanically cleaned membrane assembly. The membrane assembly includes membrane plate, water outlet branched pipe and aeration pipe. The membrane plate consists of membrane filament, membrane brush and water collecting pipe; the parallel membrane filaments and membrane brushes are arranged alternately; the membrane filament has its two ends connected to upper and lower water collecting pipes separately with the drained water being collected via membrane filament to two water collecting pipes; the water outlet branched pipe has one end connected to the water collecting pipe and the other end to the general water outlet pipe; the aeration pipe is connected to the branch and general aeration pipe; and gas is generated on two sides of the aeration pipe below the membrane plate and raises along the sides of the membrane plate. The membrane assembly is used in treating waste water with high flux.

The invention discloses a silicon carbide avalanche photodiode with a novel small-dip-angle half mesa structure, which is of an n-i-p structure or a p-i-n structure. The silicon carbide avalanche photodiode with the novel small-dip-angle half mesa structure is etched with a small angle beveled mesa from the top part to an i layer, wherein the small angle beveled mesa is cone-shaped with the top being small and the bottom being big, and the base angle of the small angle beveled mesa is less than 20 degrees. The silicon carbide avalanche photodiode with the novel small-dip-angle half mesa structure overcomes prejudices in the prior art, effectively reduces the length of the beveled mesa without changing the dip angle of the beveled mesa through reducing the depth of the beveled mesa, and effectively improves a fill factor of an SiC APD (avalanche photodiode) device, that is, an electric field peak around a SiC APD mesa can still be effectively restrained while improving the fill factor of the SiC APD device.

A method and system of supplying rodents, such as mice, to medical researchers pre-installs and/or embeds physiologic sensors onto or within the rodents prior to selling the modified rodents to the researchers. The specialty skills, such as small animal surgical and anesthesia skills and sensor placement and testing, are centralized in one organization rather than being spread about a collection of researchers. The subjects with preinstalled, pre-tested hardware, are sold to the researcher as needed. Communication hardware and software will be supplied for the user to convert their desktop computer into a wireless monitoring station. Additionally an external pulse oximeter for small rodents, such as mice, provides measurements on a hand or foot of the rodent with a sensor configured to avoid shunting around the rodent appendage, and configured for high heart rates (200-900 beats per minutes) of the subjects.

The invention discloses a micro reflector array manufacturing method which is used for manufacturing micro reflector array with high fill factors, big-angle torsion and big array. The method adopts bulk-silicon MEMS processing technology, a vertical comb driving mode, wafer bonding technology and etching technology and is characterized in that the wafer is bonded after a middle driver layer is processed, a layer of reflector surface is covered above the driver layer; on the basis, a special deep etching release technology is adopted to release a shore reserved in the driver layer to realize micro reflector torsion, thus realizing the purpose of driving with high fill factors, big-angle torsion and low voltage.

A method for designing a semiconductor integrated circuit is provided that is capable of a timing simulation that is approximate to an actual operation by reducing the effect of IR drop on the timing without reducing an effective area necessary for arrangement of elements or the number of pads that can be used other than power supply pads and without increasing the processing time. In a FF driving ability change procedure, a flip-flop having a delay time larger than a transition time from a state in which an IR drop occurs in a power supply voltage to a state of an ideal power supply voltage is substituted for an arbitrary flip-flop. Thus, a delay library considering IR drop may be produced previously only for the flop-flop, thus enabling a production time of the library to be reduced and improving the calculation accuracy of the delay time in the delay calculation procedure. Furthermore, the substitution of a flip-flop having a low driving ability enables the area to be reduced.

FRAM includes a tunable gain amp serving as a local sense amp, wherein the tunable gain amp is connected to a local bit line for reading a memory cell including a pass transistor and a ferroelectric capacitor, and gain is adjusted by setting a local amp voltage for reading the memory cell more effectively with optimized gain. And a global sense amp is connected to the local sense amp for receiving a read output. When reading data, a voltage difference in the local bit line is converted to a time difference by the sense amps for differentiating high data and low data. For example, high data is quickly transferred to an output latch circuit through the sense amps with high gain, but low data is rejected by a locking signal based on high data as a reference signal. Additionally, alternative circuits and memory cell structures for implementing the memory are described.

The invention relates to the technical fields of surface plasmon optical waveguide structures and provides an antisymmetric-high energy mode surface plasmon optical waveguide structure capable of low-loss transmission for overcoming a large loss drawback of the conventional metal/media/metal waveguide transmission. The optical waveguide structure realizes a waveguide structure for supporting transmission in an antisymmetric-high energy mode by combining the refractive index difference between a plurality of high refractive index layers and a low refractive index substrate and a low refractive index covering layer and a surface plasmon effect of a metal layer and uses the low refractive index medium layers on two sides of the metal layer to reduce transmission loss, thereby realizing low-loss surface plasmon optical waveguide. Meanwhile, the optical waveguide structure has the advantages of small effective mode filed area and low loss can be used for manufacturing optical devices of a subwavelength size and ultra high integration level optical circuits.

The invention provides a semiconductor device and a manufacturing method thereof. An insulating ring penetrating through a substrate is formed in the substrate, and the substrate in the insulating ring serves as a first polar plate of a capacitor structure; a through hole is formed in the first polar plate, and a dielectric layer is formed on the side wall of the through hole and conducting layersare filled in the through hole; the first polar plate is led out through a leading-out structure, all conducting layers are electrically connected through a second leading-out structure and are led out, and second polar plates, connected in parallel via all conducting layers, of the capacitor structure are formed; the dielectric layer in the through hole is an insulating layer between polar plates of two capacitor structures, and the connection and use of the capacitor structures can be realized through the leading-out structures. The capacitor structures have a larger capacity, and meanwhile, the conducting layers in the through hole are connected in parallel through the leading-out structures to realize the capacitors of any required capacity, and the semiconductor device has better expandability, so that a capacitor structure with larger capacity can be formed on a smaller chip area, and the integration level of a chip is effectively improved.

A waterproof sound-transmitting membrane of the present disclosure includes: a non-porous resin film having formed therein a plurality of through holes extending through a thickness of the non-porous resin film; and a liquid-repellent layer formed on a principal surface of the resin film and having openings at positions corresponding to positions of the plurality of through holes. The through holes have a diameter of 4.0 μm or more and 12.0 μm or less, and the waterproof sound-transmitting membrane has a through-thickness air permeability of 2.0 cm³/(cm²·second) or more and 50 cm³/(cm²·second) or less in terms of Frazier number as measured according to JIS L 1096. With this waterproof sound-transmitting membrane placed over an opening of a housing of an electronic device or the like, entry of water into the housing from outside can be prevented, in addition to which the characteristics of sound transmitted through the membrane can be kept even when the membrane has a reduced effective area.

A liquid crystal display having a plurality of pixels includes liquid crystal layer disposed between first and second substrates, first and second polarization plates disposed on the said opposite to the side where the liquid crystal layer is disposed with respect to the first and second substrates. The second substrate includes a pixel electrode on the side of the liquid crystal layer. Each of the plurality of pixels including a reflection area and a transmission area is different from a ratio of the common electrode occupying an aperture in the reflection area in a place of the pixel and the ratio of the common electrode occupying the aperture in the reflection area is equal to or larger than 0% and smaller than 100%.

A method for testing bond strength of coating layer includes preparing cone-column integrated body and stepped support circle, using mechanical process to make end surface of big end on cone body in cone-column integrated body be on the same plane as end surface of small step body on stepped support circle, preparing tested coating layer on said plane, sticking a metal reinforced plate on coating layer, setting test piece directly on pressure tester to carry out push-press test form measuring out bond strength of coating layer. The test piece used in said method is also disclosed.

The invention provides a vehicle body rear structure. The vehicle body rear structure comprises a rear wheel cover outer plate; the rear wheel cover inner plate is arranged opposite to the rear wheelcover outer plate and connected with the rear wheel cover outer plate in a matched mode; the lower edge part of the rear suspension mounting plate is connected with the upper edge part of the rear wheel cover inner plate, and the side edge part of the rear suspension mounting plate is connected with the inner wall of the rear wheel cover outer plate; and the rear suspension reinforcing plate is arranged in the rear suspension mounting plate, the lower edge part of the rear suspension reinforcing plate is connected with the upper edge part of the rear wheel cover inner plate, and the rear suspension reinforcing plate forms a first columnar cavity between the rear wheel cover inner plate and the rear wheel cover outer plate. According to the rear structure of the vehicle body, through reasonable structural design, the problems of poor rigidity, strength and NVH (Noise Vibration and Harshness) performance of back-sliding type vehicles, steel-aluminum hybrid vehicles, vehicles without cross beams on rear floors and other types of vehicles are well solved while structural light weight is considered. The invention further provides a vehicle comprising the vehicle body rear structure.

The invention discloses a method for generating supercontinuum from the communication band to the middle infrared based on a silicon nitride waveguide. The method comprises the steps of step 1, using an ultrashort pulse light source to emit the light which has a frequency of 8-12MHz, and a central wavelength of 1.4-2.2 micrometer, step 2, conducting lens coupling of ultrashort femtosecond pulses which is then infused into a ridge/groove hybrid reverse silicon nitride waveguide with a flat light dispersion, wherein the structure of the silicon nitride waveguide comprises a silica oxide layer arranged on a silicon plate, the grooves containing a single silica ridge is formed on the surface of the silica. The silicon nitride waveguide applies the structure of the ridge/groove hybrid to make the effect area of the light field small, and achieve a big non-linear coefficient of the waveguide. After high peak power femtosecond optical pulses are introduced into the waveguide, non-linear processes of self phase modulation, cross phase modulation, four-wave mixing, soliton frequency shift, dispersive wave generation and the like occur, and finally the supercontinuum from the communication band to the middle infrared is formed.