Device for quickly disassembling engine valve

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of engine assembling tools, in particular to a device for quickly disassembling an engine valve, which comprises a clamping rod, a pressing rod rotationally connected to the clamping rod, a clamping component arranged at the bottom end of the clamping rod and capable of being fixed on an engine cylinder cover, and a valve sleeve movably arranged at the bottom end of the pressing rod, the clamping rod and the pressing rod are combined to form a scissor structure, circular motion of the pressing rod is converted into linear motion of the valve sleeve, operation is easy and convenient, labor is saved, operation is easy, the valve spring can be disassembled easily, and the device is light, easy to carry and flexible in use site. The technical problems that in the prior art, an engine valve dismounting tool is strenuous and tedious to operate, inflexible to use and low in dismounting efficiency are effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of engine assembly tools, and more specifically to a quick-disassembly engine valve device. Background Art

[0002] The automobile engine valve is an important part of the engine's valve mechanism. The intake valve allows the mixture or fresh air to enter the cylinder during the intake stroke, and the exhaust valve discharges the exhaust gas from the cylinder during the exhaust stroke. The valve is installed on the engine cylinder head, and the valve lock clip and spring seat are installed at the tail of the valve. There is a valve spring between the spring seat and the cylinder head. When the engine needs to be overhauled, or the valve needs to be removed after the engine undergoes relevant tests, it is necessary to first use a tool to overcome the spring force and press the spring seat down. After pressing down a certain distance, remove the valve lock clip and the valve can be removed from the cylinder head. The valve spring force is very large, so special tools are required for disassembly.

[0003] For example, prior art 1 discloses a valve disassembly and assembly tool, and the method of use is to screw the thread of the fulcrum rod into the existing threaded hole of the cylinder head to fix it, adjust the position of the sliding block so that the sleeve cap is pressed on the upper seat of the valve spring, press the lever armrest downward, and use the lever principle to press the valve spring down, thereby removing the valve; prior art 2 discloses a gantry-type engine valve disassembler, and the method of use is to place the cylinder head on the bottom plate, adjust the position of the sliding sleeve so that the valve top sleeve is aligned with the upper seat of the valve spring, rotate the screw so that the top sleeve slowly presses the valve spring down, thereby removing the valve; prior art 3 discloses a vehicle engine valve disassembly and assembly device, and the method of use is to put a curved bow around the cylinder head, rotate screw one to make it press against the bottom of the valve, rotate screw two to make the top tube press against the upper seat of the valve spring, and then slowly rotate screw two to press down the valve spring, thereby removing the valve.

[0004] However, the solution of prior art 1 is cumbersome to operate. Since the fulcrum rod is screwed into the threaded hole for fixing, the position of each valve relative to the threaded hole is different. Therefore, the position of the slider must be adjusted each time a valve is removed, otherwise the valve cannot be properly removed and there is a risk of damaging the thread; the device of prior art 2 is large and bulky, and is not flexible to use. The cylinder head needs to be moved to the device before it can be operated, and the process is laborious. The screw needs to be rotated to press the valve down, which takes a long time. The valve spring force is large, so the rotation resistance is large, and the operation is laborious; when using prior art 3, screw one and screw two need to be accurately positioned at the bottom and top of the valve respectively, otherwise the valve cannot be removed, and the operation is troublesome; screw two needs to be rotated to press the valve down, which takes a long time. The valve spring force is large, so the rotation resistance is large, and the operation is laborious; therefore, the engine valve removal tool of the prior art has technical problems such as laborious and cumbersome operation, inflexible use and low removal efficiency. Utility Model Content

[0005] The utility model aims to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art engine valve removal tools, such as cumbersome operation, inflexible use and low removal efficiency, and provide a quick removal engine valve device.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the utility model is:

[0007] A quick-disassembly engine valve device comprises a clamp rod, a pressure rod rotatably connected to the clamp rod, a clamping assembly arranged at the bottom end of the clamp rod and fixable to the engine cylinder head, and a valve sleeve movably arranged at the bottom end of the pressure rod; the valve sleeve is rotatably connected to the pressure rod, and the rotation axis of the pressure rod relative to the clamp rod is parallel to the rotation axis of the valve sleeve relative to the pressure rod; the valve sleeve can move relative to the pressure rod, and the moving direction of the valve sleeve relative to the pressure rod is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the valve sleeve relative to the pressure rod.

[0008] The utility model discloses a quick-disassembly engine valve device. When in use, the valve sleeve is first sleeved on the valve spring so that the central axis of the sleeve coincides with the central axis of the valve. The subsequent compression of the valve spring upper seat can only be pressed down along the valve axis. Then the clamping assembly is fixed on the engine cylinder head so that the clamping rod is fixedly connected to the engine as a support. At this time, a large angle is formed between the clamping rod and the pressure rod. Since the valve sleeve is rotatably connected to the pressure rod, the pressure rod is rotatably connected to the clamping rod, the rotation axis of the pressure rod relative to the clamping rod is parallel to the rotation axis of the valve sleeve relative to the pressure rod, and the valve sleeve can move relative to the pressure rod, and the valve sleeve is relatively close to the pressure rod. The moving direction of the pressure rod is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the valve sleeve relative to the pressure rod. Therefore, by pushing the pressure rod close to the clamping rod, the circular motion of the pressure rod is converted into linear motion of the valve sleeve. The pressure rod applies downward pressure to the valve sleeve, presses down the upper seat of the valve spring, removes the exposed valve lock clamp, and completes the disassembly of the valve. The clamping rod and the pressure rod of the utility model are combined into a scissors structure, which is easy to operate, labor-saving and easy to use, and can easily disassemble the valve spring. The device is light and easy to carry, and has flexible use sites. It effectively solves the technical problems of engine valve disassembly tools in the prior art, such as laborious and cumbersome operation, inflexible use and low disassembly efficiency.

[0009] Furthermore, the clamping assembly includes a clamp head disposed at the bottom of the clamp rod, and a clamp block disposed at the clamp rod and capable of adjusting the installation position along the length direction of the clamp rod. Since the installation position of the clamp block can be adjusted along the length direction of the clamp rod, the distance between the clamp block and the clamp head can be adjusted, so as to facilitate fixing on engine cylinder heads of different thicknesses.

[0010] Furthermore, the clamp block and the clamp head are provided with corrugated grooves on opposite sides thereof respectively. The clamp block and the clamp head are provided with corrugated grooves on opposite sides thereof respectively to increase the friction force with the contact surface.

[0011] Furthermore, the clamping rod is provided with a groove along the length direction, the clamping block is slidably arranged in the groove, and the clamping block is connected to a locking assembly for locking with the groove. The clamping block is slidably arranged in the groove arranged along the length direction of the clamping rod, and the clamping block is locked with the groove by using the locking assembly to achieve the adjustment of the position of the clamping block.

[0012] Furthermore, a connecting block slidably connected to the groove is provided above the clamping block, the connecting block is rotatably connected to the pressure rod, and the connecting block is connected to a locking assembly for locking with the groove. When the distance between the valve and the edge boss of the cylinder head is different, the spacing between the connecting block and the clamping block can be adjusted so that the clamping assembly can be fixed at different distances.

[0013] Furthermore, a slide groove is provided at the bottom of the groove, and the locking assembly is a butterfly bolt, and the threaded end of the butterfly bolt passes through the slide groove and is respectively threadedly connected to the clamp block and the connecting block. By passing the threaded end of the butterfly bolt respectively threadedly connected to the clamp block and the connecting block through the slide groove, the clamp block and the connecting block are quickly locked and positioned, thereby improving the working efficiency.

[0014] Furthermore, a T-shaped pressure head is provided between the pressure rod and the valve sleeve, a pressure column is provided at the bottom end of the pressure rod, the T-shaped pressure head is provided with a U-shaped groove, the pressure column is slidably connected in the U-shaped groove, and the pressure column can rotate in the U-shaped groove. By using the pressure column provided at the bottom end of the pressure rod to be slidably connected in the U-shaped groove of the T-shaped pressure head, and the pressure column can rotate in the U-shaped groove, the circular motion of the pressure rod is converted into the linear motion of the valve sleeve.

[0015] Furthermore, two groups of fork arms are arranged at intervals at the bottom of the pressure rod, the T-shaped pressure head is arranged between the two groups of fork arms, and the two ends of the pressure column are respectively arranged at the ends of the two groups of fork arms. The T-shaped pressure head is arranged between the two groups of fork arms, and the two ends of the pressure column are respectively arranged at the ends of the two groups of fork arms, which plays a role in limiting the T-shaped pressure head, so that the pressure column can move stably relative to the T-shaped pressure head.

[0016] Furthermore, the valve sleeve includes a cylinder for abutting against the valve spring, a partition provided on the top of the cylinder, and a connecting portion provided on the top of the partition, the cylinder is provided with a circular hole communicating with the partition, the partition is provided with a magnetic block for magnetically attracting the valve lock clamp; the connecting portion is provided with a threaded hole, the bottom of the T-type pressure head is provided with a screw, and the screw is threadedly connected to the threaded hole. A circular hole communicating with the partition is provided in the cylinder, and a magnetic block for magnetically attracting the valve lock clamp is provided on the partition, so that the end of the valve stem and the valve lock clamp can pass through, and the magnetic block absorbs the disassembled valve lock clamp to prevent the valve lock clamp from falling; a connecting portion is provided on the top of the partition, and the screw provided at the bottom of the T-type pressure head is threadedly connected to the threaded hole of the connecting portion to achieve the connection between the valve sleeve and the T-type pressure head.

[0017] Furthermore, the upper ends of the clamping rod and the pressing rod are both provided with handles. The upper ends of the clamping rod and the pressing rod are both provided with handles, which are convenient for technicians to hold and operate.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0019] The utility model discloses a quick-disassembly engine valve device, in which a clamp rod and a pressure rod are combined into a scissors structure, and the circular motion of the pressure rod is converted into the linear motion of the valve sleeve. The operation is simple, labor-saving and easy to use, and the valve spring can be easily disassembled. The device is light and easy to carry, and the use site is flexible, which effectively solves the technical problems of the prior art that the engine valve disassembly tools are laborious and cumbersome to operate, inflexible to use and low disassembly efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 A perspective and structural schematic diagram of a quick-disassembly engine valve device;

[0021] Figure 2 A before-and-after comparison diagram of a quick-disassembly engine valve device in use;

[0022] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the clamping rod;

[0023] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the clamping block;

[0024] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of a quick-disassembly engine valve device from perspective 2;

[0025] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the T-type pressure head;

[0026] Figure 7 is a structural schematic diagram of the compression rod;

[0027] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the valve sleeve.

[0028] In the attached figure: 1. clamping rod; 11. groove; 12. slide groove; 2. pressure rod; 21. fork-shaped arm; 3. clamping assembly; 31. chuck; 32. clamping block; 33. corrugated groove; 4. valve sleeve; 41. cylinder; 42. partition; 43. connecting part; 44. round hole; 45. magnetic block; 5. locking assembly; 6. connecting block; 7. T-shaped pressure head; 71. U-shaped groove; 72. screw; 8. pressure column; 9. handle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The utility model is further described below in conjunction with specific implementation methods. The drawings are only used for exemplary descriptions, and are only schematic diagrams, not actual pictures, and cannot be understood as limitations on this patent; in order to better illustrate the embodiments of the utility model, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of the actual product; for those skilled in the art, it is understandable that some well-known structures and their descriptions in the drawings may be omitted.

[0030] The same or similar numbers in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar parts; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and the like indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, it is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes and cannot be understood as limitations on this patent. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0031] Embodiment 1

[0032] like Figures 1 to 5 The figure shows a first embodiment of a quick-disassembly engine valve device of the utility model.

[0033] A quick-disassembly engine valve device comprises a clamp rod 1, a pressure rod 2 rotatably connected to the clamp rod 1, a clamping assembly 3 arranged at the bottom end of the clamp rod 1 and fixable to the engine cylinder head, and a valve sleeve 4 movably arranged at the bottom end of the pressure rod 2; the valve sleeve 4 is rotatably connected to the pressure rod 2, and the rotation axis of the pressure rod 2 relative to the clamp rod 1 is parallel to the rotation axis of the valve sleeve 4 relative to the pressure rod 2; the valve sleeve 4 can move relative to the pressure rod 2, and the moving direction of the valve sleeve 4 relative to the pressure rod 2 is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the valve sleeve 4 relative to the pressure rod 2. The clamping assembly 3 comprises a chuck 31 arranged at the bottom of the clamp rod 1, and a clamp block 32 arranged on the clamp rod 1 and capable of adjusting the installation position along the length direction of the clamp rod 1. The clamp block 32 and the chuck 31 are provided with corrugated grooves 33 on opposite sides thereof. The upper ends of the clamp rod 1 and the pressure rod 2 are both provided with handles 9.

[0034] In this embodiment, if Figure 1 to Figure 2 As shown, when in use, the valve sleeve 4 is first sleeved on the valve spring so that the central axis of the sleeve coincides with the central axis of the valve, and the subsequent compression of the valve spring seat can only be pressed down along the valve axis; then the clamping assembly 3 is fixed to the engine cylinder head, so that the clamping rod 1 is fixedly connected to the engine as a support, and at this time a large angle is formed between the clamping rod 1 and the pressure rod 2. Since the valve sleeve 4 is rotatably connected to the pressure rod 2, and the pressure rod 2 is rotatably connected to the clamping rod 1, the rotation axis of the pressure rod 2 relative to the clamping rod 1 is parallel to the rotation axis of the valve sleeve 4 relative to the pressure rod 2, and the valve sleeve 4 can move relative to the pressure rod 2, and the movement direction of the valve sleeve 4 relative to the pressure rod 2 is parallel to the rotation axis of the valve sleeve 4 relative to the pressure rod 2. The valve sleeve 4 is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the pressure rod 2. Therefore, by pushing the pressure rod 2 close to the clamping rod 1, the circular motion of the pressure rod 2 is converted into the linear motion of the valve sleeve 4. The pressure rod 2 applies downward pressure to the valve sleeve 4, presses down the valve spring upper seat, removes the exposed valve lock clamp, and completes the disassembly of the valve. The clamping rod 1 and the pressure rod 2 of the utility model are combined into a scissors structure, which is easy to operate, labor-saving and easy to use, and can easily disassemble the valve spring. The device is light and easy to carry, and has flexible use sites. It effectively solves the technical problems of the prior art that the engine valve disassembly tools are laborious and cumbersome to operate, inflexible to use, and low disassembly efficiency.

[0035] In this embodiment, if Figures 3 to 5 As shown, since the installation position of the clamp block 32 can be adjusted along the length direction of the clamp rod 1, the distance between the clamp block 32 and the clamp head 31 can be adjusted, which is convenient for fixing on engine cylinder heads of different thicknesses.

[0036] In this embodiment, if Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, corrugated grooves 33 are respectively provided on opposite sides of the clamp block 32 and the clamp head 31 to increase the friction force with the contact surface.

[0037] In this embodiment, if Figure 1 As shown, handles 9 are provided at the upper ends of the clamping rod 1 and the pressing rod 2, so as to facilitate the technicians to operate by hand.

[0038] Embodiment 2

[0039] like Figures 3 to 5 The second embodiment of the quick-disassembly engine valve device of the utility model is shown.

[0040] This embodiment is similar to the first embodiment, except that: the clamp rod 1 is provided with a groove 11 along the length direction, the clamp block 32 is slidably arranged in the groove 11, and the clamp block 32 is connected to a locking assembly 5 for locking with the groove 11. Among them, a connecting block 6 is provided above the clamp block 32, which is slidably connected in the groove 11, and the connecting block 6 is rotatably connected to the pressure rod 2, and the connecting block 6 is connected to a locking assembly 5 for locking with the groove 11. Among them, a sliding groove 12 is penetrated at the bottom of the groove 11, and the locking assembly 5 is a butterfly bolt, and the threaded end of the butterfly bolt passes through the sliding groove 12 and is threadedly connected to the clamp block 32 and the connecting block 6 respectively.

[0041] In this embodiment, if Figures 3 to 5 As shown, the clamp block 32 is slidably disposed in the groove 11 disposed along the length direction of the clamp rod 1 , and the clamp block 32 is locked with the groove 11 by using the locking assembly 5 to adjust the position of the clamp block 32 .

[0042] In this embodiment, if Figure 5 As shown, when the distance between the valve and the cylinder head edge boss is different, the distance between the connecting block 6 and the clamping block 32 can be adjusted so that the clamping head 31 assembly can be fixed at different distance positions.

[0043] In this embodiment, if Figure 5 As shown, the threaded ends of the butterfly bolts respectively threadedly connected to the clamping block 32 and the connecting block 6 are passed through the slide groove 12 to achieve rapid locking and positioning of the clamping block 32 and the connecting block 6, thereby improving the working efficiency.

[0044] Embodiment 3

[0045] like Figures 5 to 8 The third embodiment of the quick-disassembly engine valve device of the utility model is shown.

[0046] This embodiment is similar to the first or second embodiment, except that: a T-shaped pressure head 7 is provided between the pressure rod 2 and the valve sleeve 4, a pressure column 8 is provided at the bottom end of the pressure rod 2, the T-shaped pressure head 7 is provided with a U-shaped groove 71, the pressure column 8 is slidably connected in the U-shaped groove 71, and the pressure column 8 can rotate in the U-shaped groove 71. Among them, two groups of fork arms 21 are provided at intervals at the bottom of the pressure rod 2, the T-shaped pressure head 7 is provided between the two groups of fork arms 21, and the two ends of the pressure column 8 are respectively provided at the ends of the two groups of fork arms 21. Among them, the valve sleeve 4 includes a cylinder 41 for abutting against the valve spring, a partition 42 provided at the top of the cylinder 41, and a connecting portion 43 provided at the top of the partition 42, the cylinder 41 is provided with a circular hole 44 communicating with the partition 42, and the partition 42 is provided with a magnetic block 45 for magnetically attracting the valve lock clamp; the connecting portion 43 is provided with a threaded hole, and a screw 72 is provided at the bottom of the T-shaped pressure head 7, and the screw 72 is threadedly connected to the threaded hole.

[0047] In this embodiment, if Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, the pressure column 8 arranged at the bottom end of the pressure rod 2 is slidably connected to the U-shaped groove 71 of the T-shaped pressure head 7, and the pressure column 8 can rotate in the U-shaped groove 71, thereby converting the circular motion of the pressure rod 2 into the linear motion of the valve sleeve 4.

[0048] In this embodiment, if Figure 5 and Figure 7 As shown, the T-shaped pressing head 7 is arranged between two groups of fork arms 21, and the two ends of the pressing column 8 are respectively arranged at the ends of the two groups of fork arms 21, which plays a role in limiting the T-shaped pressing head 7, so that the pressing column 8 can move stably relative to the T-shaped pressing head 7.

[0049] In this embodiment, if Figure 8 As shown, a circular hole 44 communicating with the partition 42 is opened in the cylinder 41, and a magnetic block 45 for magnetically attracting the valve lock clamp is arranged on the partition 42, so that the valve stem end and the valve lock clamp can pass through, and the magnetic block 45 absorbs the disassembled valve lock clamp to prevent the valve lock clamp from falling; a connecting part 43 is arranged on the top of the partition 42, and a screw 72 arranged at the bottom of the T-shaped pressing head 7 is threadedly connected to the threaded hole of the connecting part 43 to realize the connection between the valve sleeve 4 and the T-shaped pressing head 7.

[0050] In the specific contents of the above-mentioned specific implementation methods, the various technical features can be combined in any non-contradictory manner. In order to make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the above-mentioned technical features are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0051] Obviously, the above embodiments of the utility model are only examples for clearly explaining the utility model, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods of the utility model. For ordinary technicians in the relevant field, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made on the basis of the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation methods here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the utility model should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the utility model.

Claims

1. A quick-disassembly engine valve device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a clamp rod (1), a pressure rod (2) rotatably connected to the clamp rod (1), a clamping assembly (3) arranged at the bottom end of the clamp rod (1) and fixable to the engine cylinder head, and a valve sleeve (4) movably arranged at the bottom end of the pressure rod (2); the valve sleeve (4) is rotatably connected to the pressure rod (2), the rotation axis of the pressure rod (2) relative to the clamp rod (1) is parallel to the rotation axis of the valve sleeve (4) relative to the pressure rod (2); the valve sleeve (4) can move relative to the pressure rod (2), and the moving direction of the valve sleeve (4) relative to the pressure rod (2) is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the valve sleeve (4) relative to the pressure rod (2).

2. A quick-release engine valve device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping assembly (3) comprises a clamping head (31) arranged at the bottom of the clamping rod (1), and a clamping block (32) arranged on the clamping rod (1) and capable of adjusting the installation position along the length direction of the clamping rod (1).

3. A quick-release engine valve device according to claim 2, characterized in that: Corrugated grooves (33) are respectively provided on opposite sides of the clamping block (32) and the clamping head (31).

4. A quick-release engine valve device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The clamp rod (1) is provided with a groove (11) along the length direction, the clamp block (32) is slidably arranged in the groove (11), and the clamp block (32) is connected to a locking assembly (5) for locking with the groove (11).

5. A quick-release engine valve device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A connecting block (6) slidably connected to the groove (11) is provided above the clamping block (32); the connecting block (6) is rotatably connected to the pressure rod (2); and the connecting block (6) is connected to a locking assembly (5) for locking with the groove (11).

6. A quick-release engine valve device according to claim 5, characterized in that: A slide groove (12) is provided at the bottom of the groove (11); the locking assembly (5) is a butterfly bolt; the threaded end of the butterfly bolt passes through the slide groove (12) and is threadedly connected to the clamping block (32) and the connecting block (6) respectively.

7. A quick-release engine valve device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A T-shaped pressure head (7) is provided between the pressure rod (2) and the valve sleeve (4); a pressure column (8) is provided at the bottom end of the pressure rod (2); the T-shaped pressure head (7) is provided with a U-shaped groove (71); the pressure column (8) is slidably connected in the U-shaped groove (71), and the pressure column (8) can rotate in the U-shaped groove (71).

8. A quick-release engine valve device according to claim 7, characterized in that: Two groups of fork-shaped arms (21) are arranged at intervals at the bottom of the pressure rod (2), the T-shaped pressure head (7) is arranged between the two groups of fork-shaped arms (21), and the two ends of the pressure column (8) are respectively arranged at the ends of the two groups of fork-shaped arms (21).

9. A quick-release engine valve device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The valve sleeve (4) comprises a cylinder (41) for abutting against a valve spring, a partition (42) arranged on the top of the cylinder (41), and a connecting portion (43) arranged on the top of the partition (42); the cylinder (41) is provided with a circular hole (44) communicating with the partition (42); the partition (42) is provided with a magnetic block (45) for magnetically attracting a valve lock clamp; the connecting portion (43) is provided with a threaded hole, the bottom of the T-shaped pressing head (7) is provided with a screw (72), and the screw (72) is threadedly connected to the threaded hole.

10. The quick-disassembly engine valve device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper ends of the clamping rod (1) and the pressing rod (2) are both provided with handles (9).

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