See how thermally coupled modular stages enable incremental cooling capacity scaling, reducing
See how modular cryogenic refrigerator units with thermally coupled stages enable scalable cool
See how a spring pin insert and elastomeric housing cover enable top-access ion trap mounting w
See how quantum annealing solves non-linear HVAC optimization in seconds, achieving 80% energy
See how segmented cryochambers with shared infrastructure enable independent warm-up and cooldo
See how detuned manipulation signals establish a dark state for broadband EIT cooling, reducing
See how a spring-pin socket and segmented mounting bracket enable quick ion trap exchange in cr
See how trapezoidal unit cells with nested temperature shells and retrofitted dilution refriger
See how pillar-cavity thermal coupling maintains chip thickness while improving heat dissipatio
See how segmented payload and control refrigeration units with independent coolers overcome dil
See how a spring pin insert and compressive housing cover enable quick ion trap device exchange
See how a galvanically grounded Purcell filter reduces thermal photon noise and spontaneous emi
See how a galvanically grounded filter with thermal connection suppresses spontaneous emission
See how oscillating potentials couple slow-cooling radial modes to fast-cooling axial modes, re
See how superconducting reflectors split and attenuate quantum control signals without heat gen
See how a suspended cryogenic cold finger with sorption material creates localized extreme high
See how a frame-and-cover cryostat socket uses compressive force and lateral heat spreading to
See how a cryostat socket spreads heat laterally from inner to outer device carrier regions to
See how nested dilution refrigerator chambers integrate trapped ions and superconducting qubits
See how a thermal braiding system with low-conductivity legs and a vibration gap isolates cryoc
See how a suspended cold finger with sorption material creates localized extreme vacuum while m
See how a sealed enclosure with superfluid helium or pressurized solid thermalizing material in
See how cryogenic cooling reduces background gas collisions in micro-fabricated ion traps, enab
See how two-photon S-to-P-to-D transitions with detuned lasers establish a dark state for broad
See how a multi-stage cryogenic cooling system with standardized wiring ports reduces thermal c
See how a thermal braiding system with low-conductivity legs and a vibration gap maintains cryo
See how NIS tunnel structures replace bulky vapor compression coolers to maintain cryogenic tem
See how concentrically nested temperature-controlled flanges enable multi-stage cryogenic cooli
See how cooling trapped-ion systems below 20 Kelvin reduces background collisions, enabling sta
See how adiabatic magnetization cycles of a superconductor working substance cool copper substr
See how thermalizing materials thermally link quantum devices to cryogenic systems, reducing th
See how embedding a superconducting quantum processor inside an MR scanner's cryogenic system r
See how cryogenic cooling below 20 Kelvin reduces collision rates in trapped-ion chains, enabli
See how a ridged foil layer absorbs mechanical force while conducting heat from fragile cryogen
Frequency-division routing separates qubit and readout signals to reduce cryogenic input lines, microwave hardware, noise, and thermal load.
A monochromatic potential gradient plus local oscillating fields enables parallel qubit control in charged particle traps without localized lasers.
Localized antenna coupling anneals selected superconducting qubits without circuit changes, reducing cross-talk and frequency collisions.
A single qubit-addressing laser uses Stark shift and Rydberg coupling to simplify neutral atom gate control while improving fidelity and scalability.
A single addressing laser handles Stark-shift single-qubit control and Rydberg two-qubit gates, cutting neutral atom hardware overhead.
Josephson-junction ZZ coupling boosts superconducting qubit readout signal strength while reducing cavity-driven measurement errors and noise.
Hydrogen-trapping junctions and an oxidized barrier limit diffusion into the operating JJ, stabilizing critical current over time.
An embedded side gate formed during selective area growth improves electrostatic control while reducing interface strain and thermal damage.
Integrated capacitance sensing checks ion trap electrodes for shorts or disconnections without external test equipment, speeding scalable fault detection.
A tunable superinductor with Josephson junctions and a SQUID enables remote AC dipole entanglement with precise tuning and stronger noise isolation.
High-kinetic inductance nanowire LC filters shrink on-chip footprint while blocking microwave leakage and preserving resonator quality.
Magnetic flux tuning shifts individual superconducting qubit frequencies after fabrication to avoid crowding, crosstalk, and decoherence.
An inductive coupler and individually biased SQUID array tune superconducting control current with wide dynamic range and no hysteretic calibration.
Dummy capacitance matching keeps ion trap signal-line capacitance stable during electrode switching, reducing phase shift and magnetic-field changes.
Sharp intensity-dependent gain in a resonator stabilizes high-photon Fock states while suppressing photon number noise and loss-driven uncertainty.
A conductive etch stop layer enables precise through-substrate vias in ion traps, improving electrical coupling and scalable fabrication.
A mixed superconducting and normal-metal interposer wiring layer improves cryogenic heat flow around a quantum chip and helps sustain its quantum state.
A coupled-resonator coupler with a Purcell filter enables qubit readout without separate resonators, saving area while preserving coherence.
Front-side wire bonding and gold bump attachment simplify ion-trap chip assembly while reducing RF loss, alignment issues, and carrier complexity.
A pulse-switched coil driver runs above coil parasitic capacitance frequency to pass the DC component and generate a low-noise magnetic field.
Exterior actuators tune ground contact pressure in a cryogenic stripline circulator, improving isolation while reducing thermal noise and tuning labor.
Spacers and movable probe-pin contact help a quantum chip interposer maintain signal quality and reliable connections despite cryogenic deformation.
A tunable ground path lets Majorana islands float during measurement and discharge quasiparticles between cycles to reduce poisoning errors.
Quantum-kernel fleet scheduling coordinates EV charging, discharging, or idle states to cut intraday energy costs and stabilize the grid.
Josephson junction tuning shifts one coplanar-waveguide filter across resonator bands, saving chip space while limiting qubit crosstalk.
A 3D cavity and insulator-film stack enable microwave-optical transduction at low-loss optical frequencies without topological insulators.
A discrete Josephson transmission line with multi-node readout boosts reservoir computing throughput for speech, equalization, and random generation.
An oxygen δ-doped layer between enriched Si epitaxial layers suppresses 29Si spin effects while enabling stable electron confinement for quantum devices.
Flexible stripline cables with grounding planes cut quantum I/O thermal load while simplifying connector assembly and disassembly.
Cap wafer recesses and engineered vias isolate qubits, suppress cross-coupling, and cut microwave loss to improve coherence time.
Long-range connectors or an interposer link distant qubits directly, cutting swap-gate overhead and easing coherence limits.
Phase bias cancels quadratic potential terms in a superconducting qubit circuit, boosting anharmonicity and coherence while resisting charge and flux noise.
Low-conductivity cavities and underfill cut heat flow from electronic to photonic dies while preserving mechanical stability in cryogenic packages.
Multilayer superconducting circuits use low-current Josephson junctions, SiN insulation, and resistive damping to cut mK power loss and preserve coherence.
Sideband generation and fibre Bragg grating reflection enable fast optical intensity modulation with high extinction ratio and independent phase control.
Separating ion storage and operation zones enables straight-line transport, lower heating, and higher-fidelity parallel quantum operations.
A gradient field and bichromatic driving let a linear trapped-ion chain emulate higher-dimensional topologies and magnetic flux.
Multiple power flow equations are merged into one quantum formulation to cut hardware use while preserving convergence and efficiency.
A closed superconducting via routes signals through substrates while reducing magnetic loss, thermal mismatch, and interference in quantum circuits.
Hybrid physical and chemical dry etching forms sub-3 µm ion trap electrode trenches, improving shielding and reducing heating and stray charge.
An integrated meander-line sensor in the ion trap substrate measures below 50K with under 1K accuracy despite RF and laser heating.
Sequential physical and chemical dry etching enables sub-3 μm ion trap electrode trenches in hard-to-etch metals, improving ion shielding and stability.
A single-crystal silicon capping layer and conductive vias separate control circuits from qubits, preserving Q and coherence during signal routing.
A global monochromatic potential gradient with local electrode fields enables parallel single-qubit control without ion shuttling.
Quantum-based fleet scheduling classifies EV charge, discharge, or idle states to cut intraday power purchases and stabilize V2G operations.
Quantum gate-based control corrects actuator drive quantities to reduce position deviation and stay stable across temperature and drive changes.
Inner and outer quantum buses enable resonant energy exchange for ultrafast charging, solid-state storage, and wide-temperature operation.
Phase-inverted decoupling pulses cancel undesired couplings in echoed cross-resonance gates, improving two-qubit fidelity and error rate.
Laser-activated fuse and anti-fuse traces reconfigure superconducting qubit circuits, improving frequency tuning precision and fabrication tolerance.
Optical fibers and electro-optic transducers cut cryostat heat load and impedance mismatch while scaling qubit control and readout.
Magnetic domain wall tuning stabilizes superconducting qubit resonance frequency while reducing flux noise and avoiding continuous current.
Magnetic or electric field tuning replaces dissipative varicaps and MEMS, enabling cryogenic capacitance control in superconducting circuits.
Quantum gate control with measured-state feedback corrects actuator drive quantities to reduce position deviation under load and temperature changes.
Waveguide and shield flanges at cryostat joints attenuate electromagnetic leakage, improving qubit signal fidelity and reducing errors.
Separate contacting of alternating spin qubit gates uses conformal dielectric sidewall spacers to prevent shorts despite tight spacing and misalignment.
Counter-wound multi-plane flux bias coils cut crosstalk and parasitic interference while preserving symmetric SQUID routing in dense quantum layouts.
Notched highpass filtering balances qubit-waveguide coupling across bands, enabling faster gates with lower radiation loss and longer coherence.
Bonded qubit substrates and a coupling capacitor substrate expand capacitive qubit links beyond single-chip layout limits for faster quantum computing.
Separating qubits from control wiring on bonded chips with dielectric shielding cuts decoherence while enabling denser quantum layouts.
An on-chip microresonator notch filter removes unconverted pump light while preserving squeezed-light transmission with lower propagation loss.
A perovskite dielectric with controlled metal ratios and oxygen vacancies enables low-temperature ALD while preserving high dielectric constant and bandgap.
Integrated cryogenic current-source and mixer circuits generate qubit control signals with less power and far fewer cables.
Curved periodic ion trap legs enable shared manipulation signals, cutting transport and cooling time while supporting nearly parallel quantum operations.
Collective spontaneous emission in a dilute atomic cloud generates coherent light with lower shot noise and potential multi-photon Fock states.
Atomic-scale nitrogen placement on passivated diamond enables repeatable NV centre fabrication while avoiding ion scattering, diffusion, and desorption.
A tapered Josephson-junction critical-current profile cuts reflections and material loss in Floquet-mode TWPAs while widening bandwidth.
Diamondoid dielectric films cut loss tangent near qubit interconnects, reducing heating and decoherence without high-temperature processing.
Edge-aligned superconducting signal lines create low-loss capacitive links between quantum chips while preserving qubit state integrity.
Wide and narrow TT electrode zones shape adjustable potentials to stabilize ions, improve transport, and support quantum logic operations.
A spiral resonator boosts qubit coupling across separate chips, while a flux-tunable coupler limits crosstalk and supports scalable entanglement.
Light illumination before resist stripping helps remove ion-beam-denatured photoresist, improving air bridge yield and quantum chip stability.
Coupling a superconducting qubit to an SiC NV-center defect qubit extends coherence time and supports more quantum computing operations.
Destructive interference from a tuned reflector suppresses spontaneous emission in selected directions, extending excited-state lifetime without blocking readout.
Indium bump bonds and PCB through-hole chip nesting replace fragile cryogenic wirebonding, saving space and improving assembly reliability.
Frequency-tuned SQUID resonators share one microwave line to raise qubit readout rates without adding thermal load or I/O cost.
Mode-selective bus resonator coupling suppresses static ZZ interactions and Purcell loss in two-junction superconducting qubits.
A quantum flux parametron DAC applies analog magnetic flux to qubits, cutting control-line count for scalable, low-power quantum control.
Deterministic cavity QED in a whispering-gallery resonator boosts entangled photon generation for more scalable photonic qubits.
Etch release holes and anisotropic substrate etching form buckled superconducting fuse and anti-fuse structures for precise qubit frequency tuning.
Predicted route contexts trigger in-vehicle mixed reality training when driver experience gaps are found, improving safety before manual driving.
Quantum randomness and meta instructions make computation paths hard to predict or tamper with, strengthening security against advanced attacks.
An electron oscillates between quantum states in an inhomogeneous magnetic field to drive spin transitions with lower power dissipation.
A single metal plate doubles as backing plate and chip housing to prevent substrate warping, cut handling, and protect bump-bond reliability.
Switchable intermediate quantum dots balance quasiparticle lifetime and fast topological operations, enabling scalable qubit arrays without error correction.
A tunable resonator shifts between low-loss and high-loss frequencies to reset qubits quickly while limiting decoherence and hardware footprint.
Compressed and staggered quantum control streams spread bandwidth across QPU channels to stay within power limits and reduce errors.
Modular seed, resource, and fusion cells link cryogenic and room-temperature chips to scale qubit processing with lower power and footprint.
Josephson-junction pulse trains let many qubits share fewer cryogenic cables, cutting heat generation and supporting scalable refrigerator-based control.
Phase-synchronized clocked receivers and an inductive coupler enable accurate double-data-rate superconducting input with lower timing errors.
Intermediate transmon states and dynamical decoupling flag amplitude damping events, cutting quantum error-correction overhead without collapsing superposition.
A tapered Josephson junction TWPA limits oxidation during fabrication, improving stability, yield, and qubit readout signal gain.
Two analog pulse paths and a quadrature mixer shape RF qubit control pulses while cutting cryogenic power and thermal load.
Non-reciprocal frequency conversion with pre/post filtering isolates quantum readout chains from back-action noise without bulky circulators.
Continuous pulse spin locking protects superconducting qubits from time-dependent noise during gates, extending coherence and improving fidelity.
Shared pulser circuits are dynamically configured to route quantum control pulses across elements, cutting hardware overhead and latency.
Clock multipliers and dual-rate direct synthesis generate wideband qubit control signals without Nyquist gaps or phase-noise tradeoffs.
Shared circuitry and time-based phase generation cut quantum control pulse latency while preserving phase continuity during frequency changes.
RF-to-DC conversion with Josephson junctions generates precise flux-bias pulses while cutting cryogenic heat load and control-line scaling.
An ATS-based galvanic circuit boosts two-photon conversion and confinement while avoiding transmon cross-Kerr noise that limits cat qubit bit-flip time.
Operation-code-driven DACs and waveform switching route precise voltages across many ion-trap electrodes while limiting heating and preserving coherence.
A resonator-biased pulse source drives a qubit coupler to deliver precise gate timing without impractical direct control lines.
Selectable filter paths with superconducting switches tune annealing bandwidth in situ, reducing noise while speeding quantum processor calibration.
RF-SQUID magnetic flux coupling replaces continuous electrical input to modulate qubit frequency with lower power and better cryogenic scalability.
Drive waveforms across two dispersively coupled oscillators enable universal two-qubit gates, cat-state encoding, and longer coherence.
Dispersive shunt capacitors decouple dispersion from plasma frequency, shrinking JTWPA footprint and lowering dielectric loss for low-noise gain.
Different DAC types are assigned to ion-trap zones so gate control stays low-noise while shuttling gains bandwidth with less power and chip area.
Quantum pulse shapers and optical combiners bypass electrical bandwidth limits to deliver high-resolution analogue output with low noise and distortion.
Unused L-tuner range is used to minimize and homogenize qubit inductance, with CCJJ bias compensation to raise quantum annealing energy scale.
Frequency-comb excitation and dispersive coupling stabilize oscillator parity autonomously, avoiding continuous measurement and unwanted corrections.
A ferromagnetic film shifts domain walls to tune multiple qubit frequencies while cutting flux noise, wiring congestion, and hold current.
Rasterized resource-state generation and timelike fusion build large entangled qubit structures across clock cycles for fault-tolerant quantum computing.
Three-stage trigger timing with calibrated start points, equal-length lines, and AND-gate alignment keeps multi-qubit operations synchronized.
Digital NCO phase shifts and up-conversion keep GHz quantum gate pulses phase-aligned at arbitrary times without timing-frequency lock.
Separating qubits from SPAD-based optical detection through on-chip waveguides cuts cryogenic burden, power use, and scaling limits.
Sequential 2-MZM and 4-MZM parity measurements cut physical qubit overhead in surface-code stabilizer readout while preserving fault tolerance.
Superconducting fuse and antifuse couplers reconfigure qubit links to isolate poor-coherence or collision-prone qubits in scalable quantum circuits.
Hybrid quantum-classical hashing improves compression ratio consistency while filtering false files to cut storage and power use.
Magnetic-flux-tuned LC coupling enables zero-to-strong coupling control and lower resonant frequencies for faster, stable two-qubit gates.
Frequency modulation lets tunable qubits gate with fixed-frequency qubits while easing crowding, reducing control overhead, and preserving coherence.
Multiple injector Josephson junctions add several flux quanta per AC clock cycle, speeding load-inductor biasing with precise control and lower power loss.
Stray-current paths and bridge-grounded layouts cancel induced flux between tunable superconducting elements while preserving independent tuning.
Frequency-multiplexed SFQ-to-AC signaling cuts interconnect heat load while moving logical bit data from superconducting to warmer memory domains.
Reflection-signal sweeps estimate cryogenic path loss, helping quantum annealing oscillators receive the correct input power.
An LC coupler with a Josephson junction modulates magnetic flux to tune resonant frequency, strengthen coupling, and decouple nonlinear resonators.
Physical non-Clifford state initialization in stabilizer codes cuts qubit overhead and avoids magic-state distillation for encoded gates.
A quarter-wave transmission-line resonator replaces capacitive input coupling to suppress stray resonances and widen qubit readout bandwidth.
A damped cavity removes leaked higher qubit states by sweeping qubit frequencies into resonance, improving reset speed and readout accuracy.
A nine-qubit surface code encoder uses a specific two-qubit gate sequence to cut CNOT gates and stabilizer measurements while preserving fault tolerance.
Iterative ancilla-based phase updates lock quantum systems onto target many-body eigenstates with lower circuit depth and less noise.
By limiting syndrome enumeration to likely low-weight errors, this case cuts lookup decoder build time and memory for quantum stabilizer codes.
Symmetry matching and energy-based excitation selection cut quantum circuit depth and gate count while preserving chemical precision.
Kinetic-inductance superconducting DAC arrays improve qubit control precision while reducing thermal noise, crosstalk, and scaling limits.
Adjustable phase-weighted oracle gates and micro-diffusion cut oracle evaluations and improve search success in large quantum databases.
Driver and receiver circuits bridge cryogenic superconducting logic and room-temperature CMOS, enabling practical high-speed testing and data transfer.
A loop circuit shunted by a capacitor replaces bulky distributed resonators, shrinking quantum oscillator area while preserving nonlinearity and low loss.
Shared sync registers and a grid-step register coordinate pulser circuits to cut latency and keep quantum control pulses precisely aligned.
A defect-mode phononic crystal resonator stores qubits with high-Q mechanical modes, extending coherence while keeping superconducting circuits compact.
A square-octagon qubit layout enables nearest-neighbor two-qubit Pauli measurements to cut Floquet code overhead and error rates.
Superconductive stray current paths and ground-plane segmentation cancel flux crosstalk, preserving qubit tuning in dense circuits.
Coupling resonators and waveguide-linked qubits generate propagating microwave-photon entanglement for scalable 2D cluster states.
A filter-leg and bypass-leg switch smooths DAC voltage steps to cut ion heating and electric field noise during fast ion control.
Using Josephson junctions and AC-powered SFQ logic, this case shows how an RQL A-and-not-B gate cuts static power loss in digital circuits.
Independent control of SQUID nonlinearities lets this superconducting TWPA boost weak microwave signals with 17 dB gain and 4 GHz bandwidth.
Partitioning qubits into reconfigurable cores simplifies compilation and calibration while enabling high-fidelity modular control sequences.
Tunable Josephson junctions create pure XX coupling between flux qubits while suppressing ZZ and YY interactions for stronger gates and noise resilience.
A Josephson junction with a resistor to ground replaces the feeding JTL, cutting SFQ bias power dissipation and circuit area.
By mapping LDPC belief propagation to a quadratic polynomial on qubits, this case improves decoding throughput and lowers bit error rates.
Pre-characterized phase actuators and iterative setpoint tuning compensate crosstalk in reconfigurable photonic circuits for accurate operations.
A Kirigami cut-and-fold code brings logical CCZ gates into 2D topological codes, lowering fault rates and computation time.
A same-frequency port layout uses passive and parametric couplings to replace multiple pump sources, cutting cryogenic hardware while improving qubit readout.
A low-pass filter and bypass switch smooth DAC voltage steps to cut ion heating and improve ion trap control accuracy.
Iterative measurement circuits with π pulses decouple Z-phase noise to calibrate multi-qubit gate parameters such as controlled phase and swap angle.
Pulse-train parametric modulation of a Josephson junction stabilizes a high-impedance resonant mode in GKP states, reducing qubit overhead.
Microwave resonators and frequency multiplexing address superconducting flux storage devices while cutting wiring, filters, and cross-talk.
Adaptive shelving readout uses measured charge states to track Zeeman energy shifts and improve singlet-triplet qubit fidelity.
Overlapping and non-overlapping decoder windows raise surface code decoding throughput while preserving correction accuracy and scalability.
Flux-biased voltage gain tuning adjusts qubit and coupler capacitance to offset fabrication variation and improve quantum computation accuracy.
A voltage ramp with sample-and-hold channels delivers accurate low-noise qubit biasing while cutting cryogenic power dissipation.
Modular pulsers and shared routing logic generate and direct quantum control pulses in real time, cutting latency for complex algorithms.
Segmented electrodes and a Josephson junction enable four-body qubit coupling while reducing floating capacitance and noise sensitivity.
Post-processing with symmetry operators corrects logical qubit errors without ancilla qubits or fast feed-forward in quantum computations.
Phase-shifted microwave pulse sequences implement arbitrary single-qubit gates with fewer pulses, less calibration, and lower decoherence.
Analog memory cells and timed sampling let external DACs drive many ion-trap electrodes with fewer control lines while preserving low noise and stability.
Parametric tunable couplers and two control lines cut quantum processor wiring, reducing crosstalk, errors, and scaling complexity.
By mapping qubit states to bright and dark cavity modes, Josephson photodetection enables fast high-fidelity readout without bulky amplifiers.
A superconducting track uses kinetic inductance to cut parasitic capacitance and boost electromechanical coupling in microbeam converters.
Kinetic sheet inductors in a cryogenic matching network enable high impedance transformation with lower noise and power dissipation.
Iterative EM pulse swaps raise entropy in unwanted spins, suppressing overlapping NMR signals while preserving relevant measurements.
Maps critical SFQ timing paths in Josephson-junction circuits to guide phase assignment and Josephson transmission line insertion for accurate low-power operation.
Coupled ring oscillators map spin networks to solve combinatorial optimization at room temperature without cryogenic quantum hardware.
Capacitive coupling updates spin states in a CMOS annealing processor, cutting transistor count, delay, and power for combinatorial optimization.
Frequency-multiplexed SQUID resonators boost superconducting readout capacity while cutting cryogenic I/O lines, thermal load, and tuning limits.
Predefined codewords with minimum Hamming distance help safety modules detect bit flips and timeout faults with low-error messaging.
A ring of center qubits with outward linear branches boosts quantum chip connectivity while avoiding air bridge steps that hurt yield.
Adalus gates and measured Toffoli logic cut CNOT count in multi-qubit gates, improving quantum circuit speed, error rate, and scalability.
A DC-controlled switch converts a qubit bus resonator between λ/2 and λ/4 states to suppress crosstalk without adding control lines.
An L-shaped channel and mediator/barrier gates confine quantum carriers while enabling denser qubit addressing with planar routing.
A regulated node holds constant gate-source bias so RF generators can cut supply voltage and power while keeping current-mode output stable.
SFQ pulse generation at the cryogenic stage enables fast quantum flux bias while reducing room-temperature wiring and heat load.
Dynamical decoupling biases superconducting qubit noise into detectable amplitude damping events, improving LDPC decoding efficiency.
Superconducting fuse and antifuse couplers reconfigure qubit connectivity to bypass poor-quality qubits and reduce frequency collisions.
Frequency-multiplexed RIP gate signals share one control line while filter resonators isolate each gate to cut cross-talk and shrink quantum circuit layout.
A current-mode DAC-to-mixer path cuts power and distortion in RF pulse generation, improving qubit coherence and scaling.
Series-parallel matrix junctions let Josephson ring modulators keep strong nonlinearity while tolerating higher microwave power for mixing.
An ancilla qubit stores temporary logical ANDs and enables uncomputation without extra T gates, cutting quantum circuit T-counts.
A single canary pulse rotation error is used to scale qubit pulse amplitudes or phases, cutting full recalibration time and downtime.
Hybrid analog-digital encoding lets a quantum repeater correct GKP state errors while preserving quantum field signal fidelity.