The invention provides a box-type substation for initiative heat dissipation and energy saving. The box-type substation comprises a substation shell, a transformer, a temperature control switch, an initiative water cooling device, an initiative air cooling device, a solar energy receiving device, an energy storage device and a ventilation and dust prevention device. The substation shell comprisesa cubic steel structure frame which is used for being provided with a top cover of a solar cell panel; the initiative water cooling device comprises a heat dissipation fin internally provided with a cooling liquid channel, a high-pressure pump and a cooling liquid heat dissipation device, and the heat dissipation fin is made of an aluminum alloy material and fits a transformer body; the initiativeair cooling device comprises an air inlet fan, an air channel, an air distribution plate and an exhaust fan; the solar energy receiving device comprises the solar cell panel and a controller; the ventilation and dust prevention device comprises a grid-type door plate and a filter net which are installed on the substation shell. The box-type substation for initiative heat dissipation and energy saving has the advantages that the heat dissipation function of the substation is reserved, if a temperature sensor detects overtemperature, the substation starts forced water cooling and air cooling, the heat dissipation fin of the transformer is cooled through cooling liquid and an air distribution device, and the working temperature of the transformer is quickly lowered; therefore, the stabilityof the substation is improved, the service life is prolonged, a cooling fan is driven through the power supply of solar energy, the energy is saved, and the economic benefit is increased.