A salt washing control system and method for high-salinity soil
By introducing salt washing and salt replenishment devices and transmission feedback control systems in high salt content soil, real-time monitoring and controlling soaking time and salt washing times, the problem of water waste and unevenness in saline-alkali soil improvement in coastal areas is solved, and the problem of water use is achieved. Precise soil improvement and water conservation.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202111229563.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2021-10-21
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-31
- Estimated Expiration
- 2041-10-21
AI Technical Summary
The prior art cannot accurately control the number of salt washing times, water consumption and soaking time of high salt content soil, resulting in uneven water waste and uneven salt washing, making it difficult to effectively improve saline-alkali soil in coastal areas.
Using a system including a salt washing device, a salt return device and a transmission feedback control device, the water quality and soil quality detection system monitor and control the immersion time and the number of salt washing times, combined with a filtration system of permeable stone layer and filter paper to achieve accurate washing. Salt and salt rebate operations.
Accurate improvement of high salt content soil has been achieved, the demand for agricultural water, the effect of salt washing is improved, the durability of the system is extended, and effective solutions for agricultural arable land in coastal areas are provided.
Smart Images
Figure CN113906853B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, in particular to the technical field of high-salinity soil improvement. Background Art
[0002] Coastal cities are close to the ocean, have low altitudes, are soaked in seawater for a long time, have high groundwater levels and high mineralization, and their soils have natural conditions for salinization. Therefore, coastal fill soils have high water content, high soluble salt content, and high pH value. After dehydration, the soil has poor water permeability, is easy to compact, and has low fertility, which limits its agricultural use.
[0003] In order to implement the most stringent arable land protection system and land conservation system, the improvement and utilization of saline-alkali soil is regarded as an important reserve resource suitable for cultivation. Its agricultural development and utilization has become an important measure to solve population, food, resources and environmental problems. On-site saline-alkali soil is improved by flooding and washing salt, but if no specific measures are taken in coastal areas, the probability of re-salination is very high, and a large amount of water needs to be continuously input for leaching in the later stage, which is inconsistent with the current situation of water shortage in coastal areas. Therefore, under the condition of ensuring the safety of soil environment, the agricultural improvement technology of high-water content and high-salt content blown fill soil is studied, which can effectively reduce the agricultural water gap, meet the people's growing product market and emergency needs, and alleviate the pressure on agricultural arable land in coastal areas.
[0004] At present, most soil salt washing devices are unable to accurately control the number of salt washing times, water volume, etc., resulting in water waste and uneven salt washing. Summary of the invention
[0005] In order to solve the problem that the number of salt washings, water consumption or soaking time cannot be accurately controlled when washing salt in soil with high salt content, and to solve technical problems such as uneven salt washing, the present invention provides a salt washing control system and method for soil with high salt content, which simulates the field flooding salt washing method, introduces a transmission feedback control device, and responds to the treatment effect in real time. It can accurately control the number of salt washings, water consumption and soaking time, and improve the salt washing process to improve the salt washing effect.
[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
[0007] A salt washing control system for high-salinity soil is used for salt washing and improvement of high-salinity soil and simulated salt return after improvement. It includes a salt washing device, a salt return device, a residual water collection device and a transmission feedback control device.
[0008] The salt washing device includes a salt washing container, a filtering system, a water quality detection system, a soil quality detection system, a wireless transmission system, and a drainage system; the salt returning device includes a salt returning container, a percolation pipe, and a water quality detection system.
[0009] When washing and improving high-salinity soil, the salt washing device is connected to the residual water collection device through the drainage system. When simulating salt return operation of improved soil, the salt washing container is connected to the salt return device through the infiltration pipe.
[0010] The salt-washing container includes an overlying water layer and a soil layer; the filtering system is placed at the bottom of the salt-washing container; the water quality detection system is directly connected to the wireless transmission system and is placed in the overlying water layer; the soil quality detection system is directly connected to the wireless transmission system and is placed in the soil layer; the drainage system includes a switch and a drainage pipe, the top of the drainage pipe is connected to the filtering system, and the bottom of the drainage pipe is connected to the residual water collection device.
[0011] The transmission feedback control device includes a network transmission system, a network terminal display device, and a manual / automatic control system. The network transmission system is used to transmit the detection data of the water quality detection system, the soil quality detection system and the network terminal display device, and the manual / automatic control system is used to feedback the detection result instructions of the water quality detection system and the soil quality detection system, and to control the soaking time and the number of salt washing times in real time.
[0012] The filtration system includes a permeable stone layer and filter paper. Since the mechanical strength and toughness of the filter paper are relatively poor, a permeable stone layer is added on top to prevent the filter paper from being damaged, which not only enhances the strength of the permeable system, but also improves the filtration effect, prevents some silt from corroding, increases the durability of the system, and provides a basis for longer-term salt washing experiments.
[0013] The water quality detection system includes a water quality pH sensor, a TDS meter, a conductivity meter, and a thermometer, which can transmit the pH, salt content, temperature and other values of the water to the system terminal in real time, so as to control the soaking time and the number of salt washing times. Conductivity is a digital representation of the ability of a solution to conduct electric current. This indicator is often used to infer the total concentration or salt content of ions in water. TDS (total dissolved solid) is the total amount of dissolved solids, including the total amount of inorganic salts and organic matter.
[0014] The soil quality detection system includes a soil EC salt meter, a moisture content sensor, and a soil pH sensor, which can transmit soil pH, salt content, moisture content and other values to the system terminal in real time to control the soaking time and the number of salt washing times.
[0015] A method for controlling salt washing in soil with high salt content, comprising the following steps:
[0016] S1. Pretreatment of soil samples: simulate field soil samples on site, and naturally air-dry the silt to a moisture content of 60% to 80%; the air-dried soil samples are sieved with a 2mm sieve to remove rock debris and plant roots, and the others that cannot pass through are ground with a mortar. All the soil samples pass through the sieve holes, and the soil samples are sealed in barrels for later use; and the initial moisture content, pH, salt content, and conductivity of the soil samples are tested.
[0017] S2. Set target value: According to the specifications and experience, set the target value A of the water quality and soil salt content of the overlying layer after salt washing.
[0018] S3. Simulated field test: Place the salt washing control system for high-salt soil on a rack to simulate field irrigation (soaking time, amount of water added, number of irrigation times). First, stir the soil layer evenly, and place it in the salt washing device loosely and evenly. During the test, the height of the water layer: the height of the soil layer = 0.2~1.5, the soaking time is 0~3d, and the water is drained immediately when the predetermined time is reached, and the same amount of water is added again.
[0019] S4. Transmission warning: The water quality and soil quality test data are transmitted to the network terminal display device through the network transmission system, and a real-time curve is drawn. When the salt content in the water quality or soil reaches the target value A, an early warning is issued and the water addition test can be stopped automatically or manually.
[0020] S5. Record and analysis: After stopping the test, read the water content, pH, salt content and conductivity from the system, record the number of water additions, the amount of water added each time, the soaking time and other data, analyze the experience, and provide an accurate basis for on-site operations.
[0021] S6. Salt return simulation: When simulating the salt return scenario of a high groundwater level on site, a solution with a salt content equivalent to that of the on-site groundwater is placed in the salt return device, or water is directly taken from the site for simulation. During the salt return test, the salt solution level is 5 to 10 cm higher than the soil layer of the salt washing container.
[0022] Preferably, the salt washing container is a transparent organic glass cylinder or a glass cylinder, wherein the inner diameter: cylinder height = 1:4 to 1:2, and during the test, the height of the water layer: the height of the soil layer = 0.2 to 1.5.
[0023] Preferably, the thickness of the permeable stone layer in the filtration system is 5-10 mm, the size matches the salt washing container, and the material is corundum with good permeability and low gas conductivity, ensuring that it will not deform even when the pressure is high during the test, and the penetration rate is not less than 2×10 -8 m / s.
[0024] Preferably, the filter paper is medium-speed qualitative filter paper with a maximum pore size of 30 to 50 μm.
[0025] Preferably, the water quality pH sensor has a measurement range of 3.0 to 14.0 and an accuracy of 0.1; the conductivity meter has a maximum measurement range of 19.99 mS / cm and a measurement error of ±0.01 mS / cm; the TDS meter has a maximum range of 9999 ppm and a measurement error of ±1 ppm; the water quality pH sensor, TDS meter, conductivity meter, and thermometer are adapted to an operating temperature range of 0 to 50°C.
[0026] Preferably, the soil pH sensor has a measurement range of 3.0 to 14.0 and a measurement depth of 8 to 25 cm; the EC salt meter has a measurement range of 0 to 10 mS / cm, an operating temperature range of 0 to 50°C, and a measurement error of ±0.02 mS / cm; the moisture content tester has a measurement range of 0 to 100%, a measurement error of ±3%, and an operating temperature of -20°C to 60°C.
[0027] Preferably, the salt return container is made of transparent organic glass or a glass box. During the salt return test, the salt solution level is 5 to 10 cm higher than the soil layer of the salt washing container.
[0028] Beneficial effects of the present invention:
[0029] 1. The present invention is mainly aimed at improving the high-salt soil in coastal tidal flats. Through operations such as salt washing, the coastal tidal flats are improved into soil suitable for planting, alleviating the pressure on agricultural arable land in coastal areas, and providing a reference for the resource utilization of coastal tidal flat silt.
[0030] 2. The present invention can truly and effectively reflect the influence of salt return on the soil on site through the salt return simulation test, more accurately control the salt washing method, and provide more effective guidance for actual operation.
[0031] 3. The present invention introduces a transmission feedback control device, a water quality detection system and a soil quality detection system, which can display the salt washing effect online in real time, and accurately control the salt washing times and soaking time of the device according to the design indicators. The operation is convenient and simple, and the work efficiency is high; at the same time, water is saved and the agricultural water gap is effectively reduced.
[0032] 4. The present invention adopts transparent organic glass or glass box for the salt washing container and the salt returning container, so that the state of the soil after stirring and washing the salt is more intuitive and clear.
[0033] 5. The filtration system of the present invention adopts a combination of a permeable stone layer and filter paper, which effectively solves the problem of poor mechanical strength and toughness of the filter paper, improves the strength and filtration effect of the filtration system, plays an effective anti-corrosion role, increases the durability of the system, and provides a basis for longer-term salt washing experiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0034] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the system of the present invention when improving soil with high salt content;
[0035] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the system of the present invention when salt returns to soil with high salt content;
[0036] Figure 3 It is a schematic flow diagram of the method of the present invention.
[0037] 1-salt washing device; 11-salt washing container; 111-covering water layer; 112-soil layer; 12-filtration system; 121-permeable stone layer; 122-filter paper; 13-water quality detection system; 14-soil quality detection system; 15-wireless transmission system; 16-drainage system; 161-switch; 162-drainage pipe; 2-salt return device; 21-salt return container; 22-infiltration pipe; 3-residual water collection device; 4-transmission feedback control device; 41-network transmission system; 42-network terminal display device; 43-artificial / automatic control system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0038] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
[0039] The invention discloses a salt washing control system for high-salinity soil, which is used for salt washing and improvement of high-salinity soil and simulated salt return after improvement. The salt washing control system comprises a salt washing device 1, a salt return device 2, a residual water collecting device 3 and a transmission feedback control device 4.
[0040] When washing and improving high-salinity soil, the salt washing device 1 is connected to the residual water collection device 3 through the drainage system 16. The salt washing device 1 includes a salt washing container 11, a filtering system 12, a water quality detection system 13, a soil quality detection system 14, a wireless transmission system 15, and a drainage system 16; the salt washing container 11 includes an overlying water layer 111 and a soil layer 112; the filtering system 12 is placed at the bottom of the salt washing container 11; the water quality detection system 13 is directly connected to the wireless transmission system 15 and is placed in the overlying water layer 111; the soil quality detection system 14 is directly connected to the wireless transmission system 15 and is placed in the soil layer 112; the drainage system 16 includes a switch 161 and a drainage pipe 162, the top of the drainage pipe 162 is connected to the filtering system 12, and the bottom of the drainage pipe 162 is connected to the residual water collection device 3.
[0041] The salt return device 2 comprises a salt return container 21, a percolation pipe 22, and a water quality detection system 13. When the improved soil simulates salt return operation, the salt washing container 11 is connected to the salt return device 2 through the percolation pipe 22.
[0042] The transmission feedback control device 4 includes a network transmission system 41, a network terminal display device 42, and a manual / automatic control system 43. The water quality detection system 13 and the soil quality detection system 14 transmit the detection data to the network terminal display device 42 through the network transmission system 41, and the manual / automatic control system 43 provides feedback on the detection data results such as termination or continuation, so as to control the soaking time and the number of salt washing times in real time.
[0043] The filtration system 12 includes a permeable stone layer 121 and filter paper 122. Since the mechanical strength and toughness of the filter paper 122 are relatively poor, in order to prevent the filter paper 122 from being damaged, a permeable stone layer 121 is added on top, which not only enhances the strength of the permeable system, but also improves the filtration effect, prevents some silt from corroding, increases the durability of the system, and provides a basis for longer-term salt washing experiments.
[0044] The water quality detection system 13 includes a water quality pH sensor, a TDS meter, a conductivity meter, and a thermometer, which can transmit the pH, salt content, temperature and other values of the water to the system terminal in real time to control the soaking time and the number of salt washing times. Conductivity is a digital representation of the ability of a solution to conduct electric current. This indicator is often used to infer the total concentration or salt content of ions in water. TDS (total dissolved solid) is the total amount of dissolved solids, including the total amount of inorganic salts and organic matter.
[0045] The soil quality detection system 14 includes a soil EC salt meter, a moisture content sensor, and a soil pH sensor, which can transmit soil pH, salt content, moisture content and other values to the system terminal in real time to control the soaking time and the number of salt washing times.
[0046] Preferably, the salt washing container 11 is a transparent plexiglass cylinder with an inner diameter: cylinder height = 1:3, an inner diameter of 10 cm, and a height of 30 cm. During the test, the height of the overlying water layer 111 is 3 cm, 5 cm, and 10 cm, and the corresponding height of the soil layer 112 is 10 cm, that is, the height of the overlying water layer 111: the height of the soil layer 112 = 0.3, 0.5, and 1.
[0047] Preferably, the permeable stone layer 121 in the filtration system 12 has a thickness of 5 mm, a size matching that of the salt washing container 11, and is made of corundum with good permeability and low gas conductivity, ensuring that it will not deform even when the pressure is high during the test, and the penetration rate is not less than 2×10 -8 m / s.
[0048] Preferably, the filter paper 122 is a medium-speed qualitative filter paper with a maximum pore size of 30 to 50 μm.
[0049] Preferably, the water quality pH sensor has a measurement range of 3.0 to 14.0 and an accuracy of 0.1; the conductivity meter has a maximum measurement range of 19.99 mS / cm and a measurement error of ±0.01 mS / cm; the TDS meter has a maximum range of 9999 ppm and a measurement error of ±1 ppm; the water quality pH sensor, TDS meter, conductivity meter, and thermometer are adapted to an operating temperature range of 0 to 50°C.
[0050] Preferably, the soil pH sensor has a measurement range of 3.0 to 14.0 and a measurement depth of 8 to 25 cm; the EC salt meter has a measurement range of 0 to 10 mS / cm, an operating temperature range of 0 to 50°C, and a measurement error of ±0.02 mS / cm; the moisture content tester has a measurement range of 0 to 100%, a measurement error of ±3%, and an operating temperature of -20°C to 60°C.
[0051] Preferably, the salt return container 21 is made of transparent organic glass or a glass box. During the salt return test, the liquid level of the salt solution is 5 to 10 cm higher than the soil layer 112 of the salt washing container.
[0052] The present invention provides a salt washing control method for high-salinity soil, comprising the following steps:
[0053] S1. Pretreatment of soil samples: In order to simulate field soil samples, the moisture content of the silt was naturally dried to 60% to 80%. The soil samples after drying were sieved with a 2mm sieve to remove rock debris and plant roots. The others that could not pass through were ground with a mortar. All the soil samples passed through the sieve holes and were sealed in barrels for later use. The initial moisture content, pH, salt content, and conductivity were tested. The initial salt content was measured to be 13.8‰.
[0054] S2. Setting target values: According to the specifications and experience, the target values of the salt content of the water quality of the overlying layer 111 and the salt content of the soil layer 112 after salt washing are both set to 3‰.
[0055] S3. Simulated field test: The device of the present invention is placed on a shelf to simulate field irrigation methods (soaking time, amount of water added, number of irrigations). The soil layer 112 is first stirred evenly, and then placed in the device of the present invention loosely and evenly. The height of the soil layer 112 is 10 cm, and the height of the water layer 111 is 3 cm, 5 cm, and 10 cm. The soaking time is 0 d, 1 d, and 3 d, respectively. When the time is reached, the water is drained immediately, and the same amount of water as last time is added again.
[0056] S4. Transmission warning: The water quality and soil quality detection data are transmitted to the network terminal display device through the network transmission system, and a real-time curve is drawn. When the salt content in the water quality reaches 3‰, an early warning is issued and compared with the salt content value in the soil layer 112. When the salt content value in the soil layer 112 reaches 3‰, the water addition test is automatically or manually stopped.
[0057] S5. Record and analysis: After stopping the test, read the water content, pH, salt content and conductivity from the system, record the number of water additions, the amount of water added each time, the soaking time and other data, analyze the experience, and provide an accurate basis for on-site operations.
[0058] S6. Salt return simulation: prepare a salt solution with a salt content of 8%, put it into the salt return container 21, 5 to 10 cm above the soil layer 112 of the salt washing container, and simulate the salt return scene of the high groundwater level on site.
[0059] Test results: It can be seen from Table 1 and Table 2 that for all test groups, as the soaking time increases, the salt minerals in the soil slowly dissolve in the water, and the salt content, salinity, and conductivity of the overlying water layer gradually increase. As the amount of water added increases, the dissolved minerals are diluted, and the salt content, salinity, and conductivity gradually decrease. It can be seen from Table 3 and Table 4 that the soil quality test has a similar trend to the above-mentioned water quality results. As the soaking time increases, the salt content, salinity, and conductivity in the soil layer 112 gradually increase. Therefore, it can be accurately judged from the results that for the case of a soil-water volume ratio of 1:1, soaking is not required, and washing the salt twice can achieve the set target, and the results are stable.
[0060] Table 1 Statistical table of water quality test results after salt washing for one time at different soaking times
[0061]
[0062] Table 2 Statistical table of water quality test results after washing salt twice at different soaking times
[0063]
[0064]
[0065] Table 3 Statistics of soil quality test results after washing salt once at different soaking times
[0066]
[0067] Table 4 Statistics of soil quality test results after washing salt twice at different soaking times
[0068]
[0069] The above embodiments are used in conjunction with the accompanying drawings to illustrate the present invention, but they should not be understood as limiting the patent scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that a person skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for using a salt washing control system for high salt content soil, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Pretreatment of soil samples: simulate field soil samples on site, and naturally dry the silt to a moisture content of 60% to 80%; the soil samples after drying are sieved with a 2mm sieve to remove rock debris and plant roots, and the rest that cannot pass through are ground with a mortar until all pass through the sieve holes, and the soil samples are sealed in barrels for later use; And test the initial moisture content, pH, salinity, and conductivity of the soil samples; S2. Set target value: According to the specification and experience, set the target value A of the water quality and soil salt content of the overlying layer after salt washing; S3, simulated field test: the salt washing control system for high-salt soil is placed on a rack, and the simulated field irrigation method includes soaking time, water addition amount, and irrigation times. The soil layer is first stirred evenly, and then placed in the salt washing device loosely and evenly; during the test, the height of the water layer: the height of the soil layer = 0.2-1.5, the soaking time is 0-3d, and the water is immediately drained when the predetermined time is reached, and the same amount of water as last time is added again; S4, transmission warning: The water quality and soil quality test data are transmitted to the network terminal display device through the network transmission system, and a real-time curve is drawn. When the salt content in the water quality reaches the target value A, an early warning is issued to compare the current value of the salt content in the soil layer; when the salt content values in the water quality and soil quality both reach the target value A, the water addition test is automatically or manually stopped; S5. Record and analysis: After stopping the test, read the water content, pH, salt content and conductivity values from the system, record the number of water additions, the amount of water added each time, and the soaking time data, analyze the experience, and provide an accurate basis for on-site operations; S6. Salt return simulation: When simulating the high groundwater level salt return scenario on site, a solution with a salt content equivalent to the on-site groundwater is placed in the salt return device, or water is directly taken from the site for simulation; during the salt return test, the salt solution level is 5 to 10 cm higher than the soil layer of the salt washing container; The salt washing control system for high-salinity soil includes a salt washing device, a salt return device, a residual water collection device and a transmission feedback control device; the salt washing device includes a salt washing container, a filtration system, a water quality detection system, a soil quality detection system, a wireless transmission system and a drainage system; the salt return device includes a salt return container, a percolation pipe and a water quality detection system; when the high-salinity soil is washed and improved, the salt washing device is connected to the residual water collection device through its drainage system; when the improved soil simulates the salt return operation, the salt washing container is connected to the salt return device through the percolation pipe; The salt washing container includes a water layer and a soil layer; the filtration system is placed at the bottom of the salt washing container; the water quality detection system is directly connected to the wireless transmission system and is placed in the water layer; the soil quality detection system is directly connected to the wireless transmission system and is placed in the soil layer; the drainage system includes a switch and a drainage pipe, the top of the drainage pipe is connected to the filtration system, and the bottom of the drainage pipe is connected to the residual water collection device; The transmission feedback control device includes a network transmission system, a network terminal display device, and a manual / automatic control system; the network transmission system is used for transmitting detection data between the water quality detection system, the soil quality detection system and the network terminal display device, and the manual / automatic control system is used for feedback of detection data instructions of the water quality detection system and the soil quality detection system, so as to control the soaking time, water consumption and number of salt washing times in real time and accurately.
2. The method of using the salt washing control system for high-salinity soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The salt washing container is a transparent organic glass cylinder or a glass cylinder, and the inner diameter of the cylinder: the height of the cylinder = 1:4 to 1:
2.
3. The method of using the salt washing control system for high-salinity soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filtration system comprises a permeable stone layer and filter paper, and the permeable stone layer is arranged above the filter paper.
4. The method of using the salt washing control system for high-salinity soil according to claim 3, characterized in that: The permeable stone layer has a thickness of 5 to 10 mm and uses a corundum layer with a penetration rate of no less than 2×10 -8 m / s; the filter paper adopts medium-speed qualitative filter paper, and the maximum pore size of the filter paper is 30-50μm.
5. The method of using a salt washing control system for high-salinity soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water quality detection system includes a water quality pH sensor, a TDS meter, a conductivity meter, and a thermometer; the water quality detection system is used to transmit the pH, salt content, and temperature values of the water to the system terminal in real time so as to control the soaking time and the number of salt washing times.
6. The method of using a salt washing control system for high-salinity soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil quality detection system includes a soil EC salt meter, a moisture content sensor, and a soil pH sensor; the soil quality detection system is used to transmit the soil pH, salt content, and moisture content values to the system terminal in real time to control the soaking time and the number of salt washing times.
7. The method of using a salt washing control system for high-salinity soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The salt return container is a transparent organic glass box or a glass box, which is 5 to 10 cm higher than the overlying water layer.