Cucumis melo cultivation method under simple rain sheltering facility

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of thick-skin muskmelon cultivation, and particularly relates to a thick-skin muskmelon cultivation method under a simple rain sheltering facility. A simple rain sheltering facility comprises a plurality of greenhouse bodies arranged at intervals, each greenhouse body comprises a supporting stand column vertically fixed to the ground, arch-shaped rods are fixed to the tops of the supporting stand columns, and horizontal cross beams are fixed to the two ends of each arch-shaped rod; the thin film is laid on the tops of the arched rods of the greenhouse main body; and the vine hanging rope and the horizontal cross beams are located on the same horizontal plane, and the vine hanging rope is vertically fixed among the horizontal cross beams of the plurality of greenhouse main bodies. The transparent film is only laid on the top, no structure is arranged on the periphery, and the whole greenhouse body can be ventilated; secondly, compared with an existing common steel pipe greenhouse, the cost is greatly reduced; moreover, the thick-skin muskmelons are in a semi-open-air environment and can attract surrounding insects for pollination, the production link of artificial pollination is omitted, the labor cost is effectively reduced, meanwhile, the yield and quality of the thick-skin muskmelons are improved, and the method has extremely high popularization value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of melon cultivation, and in particular relates to a method for cultivating thick-skinned melons under a simple rain shelter facility. Background Art

[0002] Muskmelon is a typical vine herb, and its fruit is shaped like a football, with yellow skin and green flesh, and the flesh is sweet and juicy. It is a kind of fruit. In the existing cultivation technology, muskmelon is mostly planted in greenhouses. This type of greenhouse is mostly built with steel pipes for fixed support, with a transparent film on the roof to avoid rain, and insect-proof nets and plastic films are covered around to prevent insects. At the same time, ventilation equipment is equipped to improve the ventilation and air permeability of the greenhouse, and the cost of the facilities is high. Because the greenhouse is covered with insect-proof nets and plastic films, during the flowering and pollination stage of muskmelon, external insect pollinators cannot enter the greenhouse and cannot complete pollination, which requires artificial pollination to ensure fruit setting, thereby greatly increasing labor costs. Based on the above-mentioned problems, the existing muskmelon cultivation cost is relatively high.

[0003] The present invention designs and matches the most economical rain shelter facilities according to the growth and development characteristics of thick-skinned melons, avoids the production links of artificial scaffolding and artificial pollination, and effectively reduces the planting cost.

[0004] The information disclosed in this background technology section is only intended to enhance the understanding of the overall background of the invention and should not be regarded as an acknowledgment or any form of suggestion that the information constitutes the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating muskmelons under a simple rain shelter facility, so as to solve the problems existing in the background art when cultivating muskmelons in a greenhouse.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A simple rain shelter facility, comprising:

[0008] A plurality of greenhouse bodies are arranged at intervals, wherein the greenhouse bodies include support columns vertically fixed on the ground, arched rods are fixed on the tops of the support columns, and horizontal beams are fixed on both ends of the arched rods;

[0009] A film, which is laid on top of a plurality of greenhouse main body arched rods;

[0010] The vine hanging rope is in the same horizontal plane as the horizontal beam, and the vine hanging rope is vertically fixed between multiple greenhouse main body horizontal beams.

[0011] More specifically, the size of the support column is a 8cm×8cm×300cm cement column (four 4.0mm steel bars are evenly distributed in the cement column); the bottom of the support column is buried 50cm in the soil, and the distance between two adjacent support columns is 300-400cm;

[0012] The arch height of the greenhouse body is 65cm; the arch rod is made of hot-dip galvanized iron wire with a diameter of 6.0mm;

[0013] The horizontal beam is 320 cm long and uses a steel strand with a diameter of 4.2 mm;

[0014] The film is a PEP film with a thickness of 0.3-0.4 mm;

[0015] The hanging rope is provided at two sides 80 cm away from the supporting column, and the hanging rope is made of hot-dip galvanized steel wire with a diameter of 1.8-2.2 mm.

[0016] The present invention also provides a method for cultivating thick-skinned melons under the simple rain shelter, comprising the following steps:

[0017] S1. Seedling cultivation

[0018] Seedling raising time is from early February to late August. When raising seedlings, clean the seedling shed and use 250-300g of chlorothalonil smoke agent per 667m2. After igniting, seal the seedling shed and use it when there is no smell of medicine inside. Mix peat, perlite and earthworm castings in a volume ratio of 3:1:1 to form a seedling substrate in a 50-hole seedling tray and lay it flat on the seedling bed for use.

[0019] S2. Germination

[0020] After the seeds are dried for 2-3 hours, soak them in 72% agricultural streptomycin sulfate soluble powder 4500 times liquid for 1-2 hours, and then soak them in clean water for 3-4 hours, wash the seeds, dry the surface moisture of the seeds, and put them in a plastic box with moist sphagnum moss. The seed stacking thickness should be less than 2.0 cm. The germination temperature is 30-32℃, and the seeds should be kept moist during this period. After 22-36 hours, the seeds will turn white and the roots will be 0.5 cm long before sowing.

[0021] S3. Seeding

[0022] Sow the germinated seeds in a plug tray, and place the plug tray on the seedling bed. Plant the seedlings 2-4 days after they have one leaf and one heart.

[0023] S4. Land preparation and ridge making

[0024] The soil was turned over and dried for disinfection, basal fertilizer was applied, and then ridges were made, drip irrigation tapes were laid, and 0.02 cm thick silver-gray two-color mulch was covered;

[0025] S5. Colonization

[0026] Double-row planting with a spacing of 30-50 cm between plants; planting the muskmelon seedlings at a distance of 80 cm from the central axis of the support column, and inserting a wooden stick with a length of 30 cm and a tail diameter of 1.2-2.0 cm next to the seedlings, with the wooden stick exposed 5-10 cm above the ground, and setting a traction rope from the hanging rope, with one traction rope for each seedling; watering the seedlings sufficiently for rooting after planting;

[0027] S6. Water and fertilizer management before fruiting

[0028] During the vegetative growth stage before fruiting, keep the relative humidity of the soil at 70-80%;

[0029] S7. Pruning

[0030] Use single vine single fruit pruning method;

[0031] S8. Water and fertilizer management during the fruiting period

[0032] Keep the relative humidity of the soil at 85% from the time when the fruit grows rapidly to the time when the fruit stops expanding; keep the relative humidity of the soil at 60% when the fruit matures; apply the first fruit-swelling fertilizer when the young fruit is the size of an egg, the application rate per mu: 600g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 600g calcium, magnesium, boron, zinc, and iron medium-element water-soluble fertilizer, 500g melon field medium-element water-soluble fertilizer, and 8 L cytokinin diluted with 300kg of water, spray the whole plant;

[0033] 2-3 days after the first application of fruit-swelling fertilizer, the application rate per mu is: 2kg potassium sulfate, 1kg quick-acting sulfur-containing compound fertilizer and 1kg diammonium phosphate mixed with 300kg of water, and applied with drip irrigation belt or by drilling holes 30-40cm away from the roots of melons;

[0034] 8-10 days after the first application of fruit-swelling fertilizer, the application rate per mu is: 2kg potassium sulfate, 1kg quick-acting sulfur-containing compound fertilizer and 1kg diammonium phosphate mixed with 300kg of water, and applied with drip irrigation belt or by drilling holes 30-40cm away from the roots of melons;

[0035] When the young fruits grow to the size of an egg, only one young fruit with fresh color, symmetrical shape, slightly longer ends, longer and thicker fruit stalks, and smaller navel is retained on each plant. The rest of the young fruits and side vines are removed, and the fruits are wrapped in 19cm×29cm white paper bags or white non-woven bags to avoid pests. The bags should be removed one week before the fruits are harvested to ensure that the fruits grow evenly.

[0036] When the young fruit weighs about 0.5kg, hang the fruit so that the fruiting branch and the fruit stalk form a "cross" shape;

[0037] S9. Harvesting

[0038] 30-40 days after flowering, the fruits can be picked in the morning when they are ripe, and the fruit stalks can be cut into a "T" shape.

[0039] More specifically, during the cultivation of muskmelon, the temperature requirements are as follows: seed germination temperature is 30-32℃, stem and leaf growth temperature is 25-33℃ during the day and 18-25℃ at night, flowering temperature is 22-33℃, and fruit expansion temperature is 27-33℃ during the day and 20-23℃ at night.

[0040] More specifically, in step S3, the temperature of the seedling bed is 25-28°C during the day and 20-25°C at night; during low temperature periods, when the germination rate reaches 80%, the mulch on the seedling tray is adjusted; during the period from germination to heart exposure, the night temperature of the seedling bed is lower than 17°C; during high temperature periods, when the germination rate reaches 30%, the shade net is opened.

[0041] More specifically, in step S4, 40-60 kg of lime nitrogen is mixed with the soil per mu, and then the soil is irrigated with sufficient water, covered with a mulch film for soil disinfection, and the soil is kept moist and disinfected for more than 15 days;

[0042] The amount of base fertilizer applied per mu is: 20kg of microbial organic fertilizer, 500kg of decomposed sheep manure, 300kg of decomposed earthworm manure, 200kg of decomposed cake fertilizer, 25kg of peanut bran powder, 45kg of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, 20-30kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer with 12% P2O3, 0.5-1.0kg of borax, 6kg of urea with 46% N content, 20kg of potassium sulfate, and 5-8.0kg is added when the crop is repeated. The base fertilizer is mixed with a 20-30cm thick soil layer, and then the ridge is made; among them, the microbial organic fertilizer is made by mixing oil blight, molasses, and water in a mass ratio of 1:1:14 and fully fermenting;

[0043] The bed surface is completely under the rain shelter, and the center axis of the bed surface is consistent with the center axis of the supporting columns; the bed width is 200cm and the bed height is 20-30cm.

[0044] More specifically, in step S7, when pruning, use an auxiliary tool other than scissors to prune, hold the main vine near the side vine with the left hand, hold the thickest part of the side vine with the right hand, and move the side vine left and right, up and down, or rotate it to separate the side vine. The operation process does not touch the wound caused by pruning, and the side vine is removed on a sunny day or in weather with low air humidity; after removing the side vine, spray a fungicide once to prevent diseases from invading through the wound, and the fungicide is 800-1000 times of 75% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder or 800-1500 times of 50% methyl thiophanate wettable powder;

[0045] The 12th to 18th nodes of the main vine are the pre-fruiting branches, and the side branches that are lower than the pre-fruiting branches should be removed in time; in spring cultivation, the fruiting nodes should be appropriately raised to the 13th to 16th nodes; in summer cultivation, the fruiting nodes should be lowered to the 10th to 13th nodes;

[0046] For branches that are expected to set fruit, pinch off the top when 2 leaves are left 1 day before the female flowers bloom. Remove branches that are expected to set fruit if the female flowers are deformed, thin or unable to form female flowers in time. Pinch off the top when 30 leaves are left on the main vine. During the flowering and fruiting period in spring, remove side vines that cannot set fruit in time.

[0047] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0048] The present invention improves the existing greenhouse. It only lays a transparent film on the top and does not set any structure around it, so that the entire greenhouse body can be ventilated and air permeable to avoid the problem of high temperature and high humidity. Secondly, compared with the ordinary steel tube greenhouse in the prior art, the cost is 50-200 yuan / m 2 Cost: The cost of the simple rain shelter facility of the present invention is 16-18 yuan / m 2 , greatly reducing costs; in addition, the thick-skinned melon is in a semi-open-air environment, which can attract insects around for pollination, eliminating the need for artificial pollination in greenhouses, effectively reducing costs, and compared with artificial pollination, the soluble solids content in the pulp of insect-pollinated fruit increases by 1-2%, which helps to improve the yield and quality of thick-skinned melons and has extremely high promotion value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the simple rain shelter facility of the present invention;

[0050] Description of main reference numerals:

[0051] 100, supporting column; 200, arch rod; 300, horizontal beam. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The following is a clear and complete description of the technical solution of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0053] Example

[0054] See attached Figure 1 , a simple rain shelter facility, comprising:

[0055] A plurality of greenhouse bodies are arranged at intervals, wherein the greenhouse bodies include support columns 100 vertically fixed on the ground, an arched rod 200 is fixed on the top of the support column 100, and horizontal beams 300 are fixed at both ends of the arched rod 200;

[0056] Film, the film is laid on the top of a plurality of greenhouse main body arched rods 200;

[0057] The vine hanging rope is in the same horizontal plane as the horizontal beam 300 and is vertically fixed between the horizontal beams 300 of the multiple greenhouse main bodies.

[0058] Among them, the size of the supporting column 100 is 8cm×8cm×300cm; the bottom of the supporting column 100 is buried 50cm in the soil, and the distance between two adjacent supporting columns 100 is 300-400cm; the arch height of the greenhouse body is 65cm; the arch rod 200 adopts a hot-dip galvanized iron wire with a diameter of 6.0mm; the horizontal beam 300 is 320cm long, and the horizontal beam 300 adopts a steel strand with a diameter of 4.2mm; the film is a PEP film with a thickness of 0.3-0.4mm; one hanging rope is set on both sides of the supporting column at a distance of 100-80cm, and the hanging rope adopts a hot-dip galvanized steel wire with a diameter of 1.8-2.2mm.

[0059] The method for cultivating thick-skinned melons in a rain-proof facility comprises the following steps:

[0060] S1. Seedling cultivation

[0061] The seedling raising period is from early February to late August. When raising seedlings, clean the seedling raising shed and 2 Use 250-300g of chlorothalonil smoke agent, light it and seal the seedling shed. It can be used when there is no smell of medicine inside. Mix peat, perlite and earthworm castings in a volume ratio of 3:1:1 to form a seedling medium. Put it in a 50-hole seedling tray and lay it flat on the seedling bed for use.

[0062] S2. Germination

[0063] After the seeds are dried for 2-3 hours, soak them in 72% agricultural streptomycin sulfate soluble powder 4500 times solution for 1-2 hours, and then soak them in clean water for 3-4 hours, wash the seeds, dry the surface moisture of the seeds, and put them in a plastic box with moist sphagnum moss (soak the sphagnum moss in water for 24 hours, and use a washing machine to spin dry at low speed). The thickness of the seeds should be less than 2.0 cm; the germination temperature should be 30-32℃, and the seeds should be kept moist during this period; after 22-36 hours, the seeds will turn white and the roots will be 0.5 cm long before sowing;

[0064] S3. Seeding

[0065] Sow the germinated seeds on the seedling bed and plant them 2-4 days after the seedlings have 1 leaf and 1 heart. The temperature of the seedling bed is 25-28℃ during the day and 20-25℃ at night. During the low temperature period, when the germination rate reaches 80%, the mulch film on the seedling tray is adjusted. During the period from germination to heart exposure, the night temperature of the seedling bed is lower than 17℃. During the high temperature period, open the sunshade net when the germination rate reaches 30%.

[0066] S4. Land preparation and ridge making

[0067] The soil is turned over and dried for disinfection, and after applying base fertilizer, the ridges are raised, and drip irrigation belts are laid, and covered with 0.02cm silver-gray two-color mulch film; in this step, 40-60kg of lime nitrogen is mixed with the soil per mu, and then the bottom water is filled, and the mulch film is covered for soil disinfection, and the soil is kept moist and sterilized for more than 15 days;

[0068] The amount of base fertilizer per mu is: 20kg of microbial organic fertilizer, 500kg of decomposed sheep manure, 300kg of decomposed earthworm manure, 200kg of decomposed cake fertilizer, 25kg of peanut bran powder, 45kg of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, 20-30kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer with 12% P2O3, 0.5-1.0kg of borax, 6kg of urea with 46% N content, 20kg of potassium sulfate, and 5-8.0kg is added when the crop is repeated. The base fertilizer is mixed with a 20-30cm thick soil layer, and then the ridge is made; among them, the microbial organic fertilizer is made by mixing oil blight, molasses, and water in a mass ratio of 1:1:14 and fully fermented (about 10 days in summer and about 15 days in winter);

[0069] The bed surface is completely under the rain shelter, and the center axis of the bed surface is consistent with the center axis of the supporting pillars; the bed width is 200cm and the bed height is 20-30cm;

[0070] S5. Colonization

[0071] Double-row planting with a spacing of 30-50 cm between plants; planting the muskmelon seedlings at a distance of 80 cm from the central axis of the support column, inserting a wooden stick with a length of 30 cm and a tail diameter of 1.2-2.0 cm beside the seedlings, and setting a traction rope from the hanging vine rope, with one traction rope for each seedling; watering the seedlings sufficiently for rooting after planting;

[0072] S6. Water and fertilizer management before fruiting

[0073] During the vegetative growth stage before fruiting, keep the relative humidity of the soil at 70-80%;

[0074] S7. Pruning

[0075] Use the single vine single fruit pruning method; specifically: when pruning, use auxiliary tools other than scissors to prune, hold the main vine near the side vine with your left hand, hold the thickest part of the side vine with your right hand, move the side vine left and right, up and down, or rotate it to separate the side vine, do not touch the wound caused by pruning during the operation, and choose to remove the side vine on a sunny day or in weather with low air humidity;

[0076] The 12th to 18th nodes of the main vine are the pre-fruiting branches, and the side branches that are lower than the pre-fruiting branches should be removed in time; in spring cultivation, the fruiting nodes should be appropriately raised to the 13th to 16th nodes; in summer cultivation, the fruiting nodes should be lowered to the 10th to 13th nodes;

[0077] 1 day before the female flowers open, the branches that are expected to bear fruit should be pinched after leaving 2 leaves. The branches that are expected to bear fruit with deformed, thin or unable female flowers should be removed in time. The main vines should be pinched and topped after leaving 30 leaves. During the flowering and fruiting period in spring, the side vines that cannot bear fruit should be removed in time.

[0078] S8. Water and fertilizer management during the fruiting period

[0079] Keep the relative humidity of the soil at 85% from the time when the fruit grows rapidly to the time when the fruit stops expanding; keep the relative humidity of the soil at 60% when the fruit matures; apply the first fruit expansion fertilizer when the young fruit is the size of an egg: add 30g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 30g of calcium, magnesium, boron, zinc and iron medium-element water-soluble fertilizer (Lufeng Biological), 25g of melon field medium-element water-soluble fertilizer (Lufeng Biological) and 400mL of cytokinin to 15kg of water, and spray the whole plant;

[0080] 2-3 days after the first application of fruit-swelling fertilizer, add 2kg potassium sulfate and 1kg quick-acting sulfur-containing compound fertilizer (Shima brand compound fertilizer, total nutrients ≥ 45% (including nitrate nitrogen), N: P2O ： K2O=15:15:15) and 1kg diammonium phosphate mixed with 300kg water, sprinkle with drip irrigation belt or punch holes 30-40cm away from the root of the melon;

[0081] 8-10 days after the first application of fruit-swelling fertilizer, add 2kg potassium sulfate and 1kg quick-acting sulfur-containing compound fertilizer (Shima brand compound fertilizer, total nutrients ≥ 45% (including nitrate nitrogen), N: P2O ： K2O=15:15:15) and 1kg diammonium phosphate mixed with 300kg water, sprinkle with drip irrigation belt or punch holes 30-40cm away from the root of the melon;

[0082] When the young fruits grow to the size of an egg, only one young fruit with fresh color, symmetrical shape, slightly longer ends, longer and thicker fruit stalks, and smaller navel is retained on each plant. The rest of the young fruits and side vines are removed, and the fruits are wrapped in 19cm×29cm white paper bags or white non-woven bags to avoid pests. The bags should be removed one week before the fruits are harvested to ensure that the fruits grow evenly.

[0083] When the young fruit weighs about 0.5kg, hang the fruit so that the fruiting branch and the fruit stalk form a "cross" shape;

[0084] S9. Harvesting

[0085] 30-40 days after flowering, the fruits can be picked in the morning when they are ripe, and the fruit stalks can be cut into a "T" shape.

[0086] During the cultivation of thick-skinned melons, the temperature requirements are as follows: seed germination temperature is 30-32℃, stem and leaf growth temperature is 25-33℃ during the day and 18-25℃ at night, flowering temperature is 22-33℃, and fruit expansion temperature is 27-33℃ during the day and 20-23℃ at night.

[0087] The present invention improves the existing greenhouse. It only lays a transparent film on the top and does not set any structure around it, so that the entire greenhouse body can be ventilated and air permeable to avoid the problem of high temperature and high humidity. Secondly, compared with the ordinary steel tube greenhouse in the prior art, the cost is 50-200 yuan / m 2 Cost: The cost of the simple rain shelter facility of the present invention is 16-18 yuan / m 2 , greatly reducing costs; in addition, the thick-skinned melon is in a semi-open-air environment, which can attract insects around for pollination, eliminating the need for artificial pollination in greenhouses, effectively reducing costs, and compared with artificial pollination, the soluble solids content in the pulp of insect-pollinated fruit increases by 1-2%, which helps to improve the yield and quality of thick-skinned melons and has extremely high promotion value.

[0088] The foregoing description of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention is for the purpose of illustration and demonstration. These descriptions are not intended to limit the present invention to the precise form disclosed, and it is clear that many changes and variations can be made based on the above teachings. The purpose of selecting and describing the exemplary embodiments is to explain the specific principles of the present invention and its practical application, so that those skilled in the art can realize and utilize various different exemplary embodiments of the present invention and various different selections and changes. The scope of the present invention is intended to be limited by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A simple rain shelter facility, characterized in that: include: A plurality of greenhouse bodies are arranged at intervals, wherein the greenhouse bodies include support columns vertically fixed on the ground, arched rods are fixed on the tops of the support columns, and horizontal beams are fixed on both ends of the arched rods; A film, which is laid on top of a plurality of greenhouse main body arched rods; The vine hanging rope is in the same horizontal plane as the horizontal beam, and the vine hanging rope is vertically fixed between multiple greenhouse main body horizontal beams.

2. The simple rain shelter facility according to claim 1, characterized in that: The size of the support column is 8cm×8cm×300cm cement column; the bottom of the support column is buried 50cm in the soil, and the distance between two adjacent support columns is 300-400cm; The arch height of the greenhouse body is 65cm; the arch rod is made of hot-dip galvanized iron wire with a diameter of 6.0mm; The horizontal beam is 320 cm long and uses a steel strand with a diameter of 4.2 mm; The film is a PEP film with a thickness of 0.3-0.4 mm; The hanging rope is provided at two sides 80 cm away from the supporting column, and the hanging rope is made of hot-dip galvanized steel wire with a diameter of 1.8-2.2 mm.

3. A method for growing muskmelons in the simple rain shelter facility of claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Seedling cultivation Seedling raising time is from early February to late August. When raising seedlings, clean the seedling shed and use 250-300g of chlorothalonil smoke agent per 667m2. After igniting, seal the seedling shed and use it when there is no smell of medicine inside. Mix peat, perlite and earthworm castings in a volume ratio of 3:1:1 to form a seedling substrate in a 50-hole seedling tray and lay it flat on the seedling bed for use. S2. Germination Dry the seeds for 2-3 hours, avoid strong sunlight exposure, soak the seeds in 10% trisodium phosphate solution for 10-20 minutes or 72% agricultural streptomycin sulfate soluble powder 4500 times solution for 1.5 hours, and then soak the seeds in clean water for 3-5 hours, take out the seeds and rinse them, dry the surface moisture of the seeds, put them in a plastic box with moist sphagnum moss, the seed stacking thickness should be less than 2.0cm, and cover the seeds with moist sphagnum moss; the germination temperature is 30-32℃, and the sphagnum moss should be kept moist during this period; after 22-36 hours, more than 70% of the seeds will be white, and they can be sown; S3. Seeding Sow the germinated seeds in the plug tray, and plant them when the seedlings have 1 leaf and 1 heart to 2 leaves and 1 heart; S4. Land preparation and ridge making The soil was turned over and dried for disinfection, basal fertilizer was applied, and then ridges were made, drip irrigation tapes were laid, and 0.02 cm thick silver-gray two-color mulch was covered; S5. Colonization Double-row planting with a spacing of 30-50 cm between plants; planting the muskmelon seedlings at a distance of 80 cm from the central axis of the support column, and inserting a wooden stick with a length of 30-50 cm and a tail diameter of 1.2-2.0 cm next to the seedlings, with the stick exposed 5-10 cm above the ground, and setting a traction rope from the hanging rope to the stick next to the seedlings, fixing the traction rope and the stick, and setting one traction rope for each seedling; and watering the seedlings sufficiently for rooting after planting; S6. Water and fertilizer management before fruiting During the vegetative growth stage before fruiting, keep the relative humidity of the soil at 70-80%; S7. Pruning Use single vine single fruit pruning method; S8. Water and fertilizer management during the fruiting period Keep the relative humidity of the soil at 85% from the time when the fruit grows rapidly to the time when the fruit stops expanding; keep the relative humidity of the soil at 60% when the fruit matures; apply the first fruit-swelling fertilizer when the young fruit is the size of an egg, the application rate per mu: 600g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 600g calcium, magnesium, boron, zinc, and iron medium-element water-soluble fertilizer, 500g melon field medium-element water-soluble fertilizer, and 8 L cytokinin diluted with 300kg of water, spray the whole plant; 2-3 days after the first application of fruit-swelling fertilizer, the application rate per mu is: 2kg potassium sulfate, 1kg quick-acting sulfur-containing compound fertilizer and 1kg diammonium phosphate mixed with 300kg of water, and applied with drip irrigation belt or by drilling holes 30-40cm away from the roots of melons; 8-10 days after the first application of fruit-swelling fertilizer, the application rate per mu is: 2kg potassium sulfate, 1kg quick-acting sulfur-containing compound fertilizer and 1kg diammonium phosphate mixed with 300kg of water, and applied with drip irrigation belt or by drilling holes 30-40cm away from the roots of melons; When the young fruits grow to the size of an egg, only one young fruit with fresh color, symmetrical shape, slightly longer ends, longer and thicker fruit stalks, and smaller navel is retained on each plant. The rest of the young fruits and side vines are removed, and the fruits are wrapped in 19cm×29cm white paper bags or white non-woven bags to avoid pests. The bags should be removed one week before the fruits are harvested to ensure that the fruits grow evenly. When the young fruits weigh about 0.5kg, hang the fruits so that the fruiting branches and the fruit stalks form a "cross" shape; S9. Harvesting 30-40 days after flowering, the fruits can be picked in the morning when they are ripe, and the fruit stalks can be cut into a "T" shape.

4. The method for growing muskmelon in a simple rain shelter according to claim 3, characterized in that: During the cultivation of thick-skinned melons, the temperature requirements are as follows: seed germination temperature is 30-32℃, stem and leaf growth temperature is 25-33℃ during the day and 18-25℃ at night, flowering temperature is 22-33℃, and fruit expansion temperature is 27-33℃ during the day and 20-23℃ at night.

5. The method for growing muskmelon in a simple rain shelter according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S1, the temperature of the seedling bed is 25-28°C during the day and 20-25°C at night; during the low temperature period, the mulch on the seedling tray is removed when the germination rate reaches 80%; during the period from germination to heart exposure, the night temperature of the seedling bed is lower than 17°C; during the high temperature period, the sunshade net of the seedling shed is opened when the germination rate reaches 30%.

6. The method for growing muskmelon in a simple rain shelter according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S4, 40-60 kg of lime nitrogen is mixed with the soil per mu, and then the soil is irrigated with sufficient water, covered with a mulch film for soil disinfection, and the soil is kept moist and disinfected for more than 15 days; The amount of base fertilizer applied per mu is: 20kg of microbial organic fertilizer, 500kg of decomposed sheep manure, 300kg of decomposed earthworm manure, 200kg of decomposed cake fertilizer, 25kg of peanut bran powder, 45kg of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, 20-30kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer with 12% P2O3, 0.5-1.0kg of borax, 6kg of urea with 46% N content, 20kg of potassium sulfate, and 5-8.0kg is added when the crop is repeated. The base fertilizer is mixed with a 20-30cm thick soil layer, and then the ridge is made; among them, the microbial organic fertilizer is made by mixing oil blight, molasses, and water in a mass ratio of 1:1:14 and fully fermenting; The bed surface is completely under the rain shelter, and the center axis of the bed surface is consistent with the center axis of the supporting columns; the bed width is 150-200cm and the bed height is 20-30cm.

7. The method for growing muskmelons in a simple rain shelter according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S7, when pruning, use auxiliary tools other than scissors to prune, hold the main vine near the side vine with the left hand, hold the thickest part of the side vine with the right hand, move the side vine left and right, up and down, or rotate it to separate the side vine, and do not touch the wound caused by pruning during the operation. Choose to remove the side vine on a sunny day or in weather with low air humidity; after removing the side vine, spray a fungicide once to prevent diseases from invading through the wound; The 12th to 18th nodes of the main vine are the pre-fruiting branches, and the side branches that are lower than the pre-fruiting branches should be removed in time; in spring cultivation, the fruiting nodes should be appropriately raised to the 13th to 16th nodes; in summer cultivation, the fruiting nodes should be lowered to the 10th to 13th nodes; For branches that are expected to set fruit, pinch off the top when 2 leaves are left 1 day before the female flowers bloom. Remove branches that are expected to set fruit if the female flowers are deformed, thin or unable to form female flowers in time. Pinch off the top when 25-30 leaves are left on the main vine. During the flowering and fruiting period in spring, remove side vines that cannot set fruit in time.

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