Preparation method and processing equipment of soil conditioner

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and particularly relates to a preparation method and processing equipment of a soil conditioner. A biomass raw material is added into monocalcium phosphate to be mixed, then the mixture is added into a material conveying pipe and passes through a pyrolysis device, the pyrolysis device comprises three heaters used for controlling three different temperature areas, the pyrolysis temperature is gradually increased to 500 DEG C from 300 DEG C, generated biomass charcoal is cooled and enters a cyclone separator to be mixed with humus soil, and the humus soil is separated from the biomass charcoal. After mixing, the mixture enters a collector to be continuously stirred and mixed, and meanwhile, liquid bio-oil generated by cooling in the cooling tower is sprayed to the collector through a spraying system to be mixed with the mixture; according to the present invention, the carbon fixation ability of the soil is improved, the soil structure is improved, a variety of plant growth elements are provided, the soil fertility is improved, the growth of microorganisms is promoted, the soil improvement effect is improved, the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is inhibited, and the healthy growth of crops is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and in particular relates to a preparation method and processing equipment of a soil conditioner. Background Art

[0002] Soil conditioners are important substances used to improve soil structure and fertility, and are of great significance for increasing crop yield and quality. In the traditional preparation process of soil conditioners, there are often problems such as insufficient raw material processing, complex preparation process, and poor improvement effect. In particular, how to effectively extract and utilize the active ingredients in the raw materials while avoiding the generation of harmful substances is a technical problem that needs to be solved in the current field of soil conditioner preparation.

[0003] Biochar is an important raw material for making soil conditioners. At present, in the process of pyrolysis to make biochar, only plant roots and animal feces are used as biomass raw materials, and the biomass raw materials are usually directly passed through an environment of 500-700℃ for rapid heating. This is not conducive to the formation of more biochar and the physical and chemical properties of biochar, and requires a longer heating time. The ability of biochar to improve soil and fix carbon is weakened, and the performance of soil improvement is single, resulting in insufficient extraction of effective ingredients in the raw materials, affecting the effect of the improver; in addition, biochar contains a certain proportion of ash, which is mainly converted from inorganic components in biomass. The impurity elements in the ash will make the lattice structure of biochar more irregular and have more active points. These active points will affect the adsorption performance and chemical stability of biochar, so after the biochar is generated, its internal impurities need to be removed to improve the performance of soil improvement. Summary of the invention

[0004] In response to the above technical problems, the present invention provides a preparation method and processing equipment for a soil conditioner, which solves the problems that the biochar currently used in soil conditioners has a long heating time, resulting in low production efficiency, a weak heating method for soil improvement and carbon fixation, a low extraction efficiency of effective ingredients, and contains impurities, which affects the soil improvement performance.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions; a soil conditioner processing equipment comprises a conveying pipe, the left end of the conveying pipe is connected to a first feed port, the right end of the conveying pipe is connected to a discharge port, a spiral feed rod is rotatably connected in the conveying pipe, the spiral feed rod comprises a rotating shaft, a plurality of spiral blades with the same structure and uniformly distributed along the axial direction of the rotating shaft are fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, and a material storage space is left between every two adjacent spiral blades, a pyrolysis device is provided on the conveying pipe, the pyrolysis device is between the feed port and the discharge port, the pyrolysis device has three heaters with the same structure from left to right, the lower end of the discharge port is connected to a collector, and the lower end of the collector is connected to a collection device;

[0006] The collecting device includes a cyclone separator, which includes a first feed pipe, a second feed pipe and a discharge port. The first feed pipe and the second feed pipe have the same structure and are centrally symmetrically arranged. The first feed pipe is connected to a first air inlet pipe, and the side of the first air inlet pipe is connected to the lower end outlet of the collector and distributor. The second feed pipe is connected to a second air inlet pipe, and the side of the second air inlet pipe is connected to a second feed port.

[0007] Also included is a method for preparing a soil conditioner, the steps of which are as follows;

[0008] S1: collecting plant roots and stems such as dead branches and leaves, hay, and animal feces as raw materials, air-drying the raw materials and then crushing them, mixing the crushed plant roots and stems with the animal feces in proportion and putting them into a first feed inlet; then, adding calcium dihydrogen phosphate to the mixed raw materials in proportion to form a mixed raw material;

[0009] S2: The mixed raw materials are gradually heated by a pyrolysis device. During pyrolysis, nitrogen is introduced to provide an inert environment to prevent oxidation. Specifically, the temperature is raised to 300°C and maintained for 1 hour, then raised to 400°C and maintained for 1 hour, and finally raised to 500°C and maintained for 1 hour. This process will generate biochar, bio-oil, carbon monoxide, methane, and ethylene.

[0010] S3: The generated biochar is cooled to 30-50°C and then enters the cyclone separator. At the same time, the dried humus soil is sent to the cyclone separator. The biochar and humus soil enter the cyclone separator at the same time for mixed exhaust. The mixed mixture enters the collector.

[0011] S4: adding the whole herb of Polygonum hydropiper and the whole herb of Sophora flavescens granules to the mixture entering the collector and mixing them.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0013] 1. When biomass is pyrolyzed to make biochar, calcium dihydrogen phosphate is added to co-decompose the biomass during the pyrolysis process, which can reduce the pyrolysis time, significantly improve the production efficiency of biochar, and increase the carbon retention, so that the chemical stability of biochar and the stability of microbial mineralization are improved, and the carbon in the biochar is less likely to be released, thereby enhancing the carbon fixation capacity of the soil;

[0014] 2. Gradually increasing the temperature helps optimize the physical and chemical properties of biochar, making it more suitable for soil improvement and carbon fixation. The processing equipment uses three heaters to control three temperature zones, so that the biomass raw materials can be gradually heated during transportation. The spiral feed rod rotates and uses spiral blades to transport the biomass raw materials. During the transportation of the raw materials, they will stay in the storage space to delay the transportation time of the raw materials, and cooperate with the rotation of the stirring part to make the raw materials heated evenly, speed up production efficiency, and facilitate the escape of gas between the raw materials.

[0015] 3. The ash and other substances between the pores of biochar are removed by a cyclone separator, and the biochar can be mixed with humus soil. The symmetrical arrangement of the first feed pipe and the second feed pipe helps the material to form a symmetrical rotating airflow inside the cyclone separator, thereby improving the separation and mixing effects. The introduced humus soil can further enhance the effect of soil improvement, and each can exert its unique properties. For example, biochar is used as a soil conditioner or adsorbent, and humus soil is used as a high-quality organic fertilizer. Humus soil contains a large number of microorganisms. The addition of dicalcium phosphate to biochar can provide the microorganisms with the required phosphorus and calcium elements, thereby promoting the growth of microorganisms and improving the effect of soil improvement.

[0016] 4. Mixing the decomposed bio-oil with biochar through the spraying system can promote plant growth, improve soil structure, promote the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, help the transformation and release of soil nutrients, and the health and stability of the soil ecosystem.

[0017] 5. The added whole herb of Polygonum hydropiper and whole herb of Sophora flavescens granules have a promoting effect on humus soil microorganisms and a certain inhibitory effect on plant diseases and insect pests. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the conveying pipe and the spiral feeding rod inside it in the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3yes Figure 2 A magnified schematic diagram of part A in FIG.

[0022] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the cyclone separator in the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the connection between the continuous S-shaped first air inlet pipe and the cyclone separator in the present invention.

[0024] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the spray water cooling system in the present invention.

[0025] In the figure: 1-feeding pipe, 2-first feed port, 3-discharge port, 4-rotating shaft, 5-spiral blade, 6-storage space, 7-heater, 8-collector, 9-cyclone separator, 10-first feed pipeline, 11-second feed pipeline, 12-discharge port, 13-first air inlet pipe, 14-second air inlet pipe, 15-second feed port, 16-air cooler, 17-acceleration branch pipe, 18-water outlet, 19-water receiver, 20-circulating cold water system, 21-water outlet, 22-gas pipeline, 23-nitrogen tank, 24-stirring element, 25-cooling tower, 26-connecting pipe, 27-liquid outlet, 28-liquid collector, 29-fractionator, 30-collector, 31-nozzle, 32-suction pump. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The accompanying drawings are simplified schematic diagrams, which only illustrate the basic structure of the present invention in a schematic manner, and thus only show the components related to the present invention.

[0027] Example 1: Reference Figure 1-6 As shown, the present invention includes a conveying pipe 1, the left end of the conveying pipe 1 is connected with a first feed port 2, the right end of the conveying pipe 1 is connected with a discharge port 3, a spiral feed rod is rotatably connected in the conveying pipe 1, the spiral feed rod includes a rotating shaft 4, a plurality of spiral blades 5 with the same structure and uniformly distributed along the axial direction of the rotating shaft 4 are fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 4, a material storage space 6 is left between every two adjacent spiral blades 5, a pyrolysis device is provided on the conveying pipe 1, the pyrolysis device is between the feed port 2 and the discharge port 3, the pyrolysis device has three heaters 7 with the same structure from left to right, the lower end of the discharge port 3 is connected with a collector 8, and the lower end of the collector 8 is connected with a collecting device;

[0028] The material conveying system mainly includes a conveying pipe 1, the left end of which is connected to a first feed port 2 for introducing raw materials such as plant roots and animal manure into the system. Correspondingly, a discharge port 3 is provided at the right end of the conveying pipe 1 for discharging processed materials from the conveying system.

[0029] A spiral feed rod is installed inside the conveying pipe 1. The core of this spiral feed rod is that a plurality of spiral blades 5 are fixedly installed on the rotating shaft 4. The shapes and structures of these spiral blades 5 are the same, and they are evenly distributed along the axial direction of the rotating shaft 4. This design leaves a certain storage space 6 between every two adjacent spiral blades 5, and these storage spaces 6 can be used to temporarily store and transport materials.

[0030] In order to pyrolyze the material, we set a pyrolysis device on the conveying pipe. The pyrolysis device is located between the first feed port 2 and the discharge port 3, and it has three heaters 7 with the same structure arranged from left to right. Through the coordinated work of these three heaters and the temperature control system can be set to control different heating temperatures, we can ensure that the material can be fully and gradually heated during the conveying process. The heating method can be hot oil, hot sand, etc.

[0031] At the lower end of the discharge port 3, a collector / distributor 8 is connected. The main function of the collector / distributor 8 is to temporarily collect and disperse the materials discharged from the discharge port 3. It can evenly distribute the materials to the collection device below for subsequent storage or processing.

[0032] The collecting device includes a cyclone separator 9, which includes a first feed pipe 10, a second feed pipe 11 and a discharge port 12. The first feed pipe 10 and the second feed pipe 11 have the same structure and are centrally symmetrically arranged. The first feed pipe 10 is connected to a first air inlet pipe 13, and the side of the first air inlet pipe 13 is connected to the lower end outlet of the collector 8. The second feed pipe 11 is connected to a second air inlet pipe 14, and the side of the second air inlet pipe 14 is connected to a second feed port 15.

[0033] The core component of the collection device is a cyclone separator 9, which is mainly used for further separation, mixing and collection of materials. The cyclone separator has the advantages of high efficiency, simple structure and convenient operation, and is widely used in the separation and processing of various materials.

[0034] The cyclone separator 9 in the present design is mainly composed of two feed pipes: a first feed pipe 10 and a second feed pipe 11. The structures of these two feed pipes are exactly the same, and they are centrally symmetrically arranged. Their positions inside the cyclone separator 9 are relative, which helps the material to form a symmetrical rotating airflow inside the cyclone separator, thereby improving the separation efficiency.

[0035] A first air inlet pipe 13 is connected to the first feed pipe 10. The main function of the first air inlet pipe 13 is to introduce the material and gas discharged from the lower end outlet of the collector 8 into the interior of the cyclone separator 9. Through the introduction of the first air inlet pipe 13, the material and gas can form a rotating airflow inside the cyclone separator 9, thereby realizing the separation of impurities such as ash that have not been removed from the pores of the biochar.

[0036] Similarly, a second air inlet pipe 14 is also connected to the second feed pipe 11, but the difference is that a second feed port 15 is also connected to the side of the second air inlet pipe 11, which means that in addition to the materials introduced through the collector and distributor, other materials can be directly added to the cyclone separator 9 through the second feed port 15, and the cyclone separator 9 can also separate impurities such as dust mixed in the humus soil; such a design makes the cyclone separator 9 more flexible and applicable. The first air inlet pipe 13 and the second air inlet pipe 14 can not only help the material to form a symmetrical rotating airflow inside the cyclone separator 9, thereby improving the separation efficiency, but also can mix the materials, and the functions are diverse.

[0037] At the bottom of the cyclone separator, a discharge port 12 is provided, and the materials after separation and mixing are discharged from the discharge port for subsequent collection or processing.

[0038] Embodiment 2: On the basis of Embodiment 1, in order to realize the cooling and transportation of biomass materials, it also includes a cold air fan 16, the first air inlet pipe 13 includes a plurality of parallel horizontal tubes, and every two adjacent horizontal tubes are connected by arc tubes to form a continuous S-shaped structure, the end of the first air inlet pipe 13 away from the first feed pipe 10 is connected to the air outlet of the cold air fan 16, the collector 8 is arranged at the end close to the cold air fan 16, and the tangential direction of each arc tube 1302 is provided with an acceleration branch pipe 17 connected to the first air inlet pipe 13, the acceleration branch pipe 17 is connected to an air compressor, and the air outlet end of the air compressor is also connected to the second air inlet pipe 14.

[0039] In addition to the cyclone separator 9 mentioned above, the collecting device also includes a cooling fan 16. The main function of the cooling fan 16 is to provide cooling airflow for the system, which helps to reduce the temperature of the material after processing and facilitates subsequent processing.

[0040] Many subsequent processing steps require the biochar to be at a lower temperature. For example, when making biochar into a specific product such as biochar-based fertilizer, if the next step of processing is not carried out without cooling, it may affect the mixing effect of other raw materials and biochar, and may also cause damage to the processing equipment. Cooled biochar can better mix, react or perform other processing operations with other substances, improving product quality and production.

[0041] The first air inlet pipe 13 is designed to consist of a plurality of parallel horizontal pipes, which are connected to each other through arc pipes to form a continuous S-shaped structure. This design not only increases the path length of the airflow, but also helps the airflow to form turbulence in the pipe, thereby improving the cooling effect.

[0042] One end of the first air inlet pipe 13 is connected to the air outlet of the air cooler 16 to ensure that the cooling air flow can smoothly enter the pipeline, and the other end is connected to the first feed pipeline 10 of the cyclone separator 9 to send the cooled air flow and material into the cyclone separator for separation.

[0043] In the tangential direction of each arc tube of the S-shaped structure, an acceleration branch 17 connected to the first air inlet pipe 13 is arranged. The function of these acceleration branches is to use the high-pressure airflow provided by the air compressor to accelerate and disturb the main airflow, thereby further enhancing the cooling effect and the dispersion of the material.

[0044] It is worth noting that the air compressor is not only connected to the first air inlet pipe 13 through the accelerating branch pipe 17, but its air outlet is also connected to the second air inlet pipe 14. The air compressor not only provides the first air inlet pipe 13 with accelerated air flow, but also provides the necessary air flow pressure for the second air inlet pipe 14, ensuring that the material can smoothly enter the cyclone separator 9 through the second feed pipe 11.

[0045] The collector and disperser 8 is arranged at one end close to the air cooler 16. This design can ensure that the cooling air flow from the air cooler first contacts the material in the collector to achieve preliminary cooling and dispersion.

[0046] The collection device provides effective cooling and dispersion treatment for the material through the synergistic effect of the air cooler, the S-shaped first air inlet pipe 13, the accelerating branch pipe 17 and the air compressor. This not only improves the separation efficiency of the material, but also ensures the stable operation of the system in a high temperature environment.

[0047] Embodiment 3: Based on Embodiment 1, in order to realize the cooling of biomass, a spray water cooling system is installed at the first air inlet pipe 13, and the spray water cooling system includes a water outlet 18 above the first air inlet pipe 13 and a water receiver 19 below the first air inlet pipe 13, and a circulating cold water system 20 is connected between the water receiver and the water outlet.

[0048] A spray water cooling system is specially installed at the first air inlet pipe 13. The main purpose of this system is to further cool the airflow and materials entering the cyclone separator 9. The spray water cooling system consists of several key parts, which work together to achieve an efficient cooling effect.

[0049] First, the water outlet 18 is arranged above the first air inlet pipe 13. The function of the water outlet 18 is to spray cooling water in the form of mist or fine water droplets onto the first air inlet pipe 13. When the air flow and material pass through the first air inlet pipe 13, the first air inlet pipe 13 will contact these water droplets, thereby realizing heat exchange and cooling.

[0050] Corresponding to the water outlet 18 is the water receiver 19, which is arranged below the first air inlet pipe 13. The main function of the water receiver 19 is to collect water droplets sprayed from the water outlet 18. After these water droplets are gathered in the water receiver 19, they can flow back to the circulating cold water system 20 through the pipeline.

[0051] The circulating cold water system 20 is the core part of the entire spray water cooling system. It is responsible for providing continuous and constant temperature cooling water to the water dispenser 18. The circulating cold water system usually includes a water pump and a cooling device (such as a cooling tower or a heat exchanger). The water pump draws cooling water from the water receiver 19 and delivers it to the water dispenser 18 for spraying. The warm water flows back to the water receiver 19 and is cooled by the cooling device for reuse.

[0052] Through such a design, the spray water cooling system can effectively reduce the temperature of the airflow and materials entering the cyclone separator, thereby improving the stability and separation efficiency of the system. At the same time, the use of the circulating cold water system also ensures the continuous supply and temperature control of cooling water, further improving the energy efficiency and reliability of the system.

[0053] The addition of a spray water cooling system provides an additional cooling method for the collection device, making the entire system more stable and efficient when handling high-temperature materials.

[0054] Embodiment 4: In order to prevent oxidation of biomass, an air outlet pipe 21 fixedly connected to the material conveying pipe 1 is provided in each material storage space 6 , and all air outlet pipes 21 penetrate the material conveying pipe 1 outwardly and are fixedly connected to an air supply pipe 22 , and the air supply pipe 22 is connected to a nitrogen tank 23 .

[0055] In each storage space 6, an air outlet pipe 21 is designed, one end of which is connected to the storage space 6, and the other end penetrates the pipe wall of the conveying pipe 1 outward and is connected to a common air supply pipe 22. This design allows the gas in the storage space 6 (steam or other volatile gases generated by material heating) to be discharged from the system through the air outlet pipe and the air supply pipe, thereby maintaining the gas environment in the storage space 6 stable.

[0056] The gas pipeline 22 is further connected to the nitrogen tank 23. As a gas source, the nitrogen tank can provide a stable supply of nitrogen for the gas pipeline 22. Nitrogen is an inert gas and is not easy to react chemically with other substances. Therefore, it is often used as a protective gas or a replacement gas. In this system, nitrogen is used to replace the air in the storage space to reduce the risk of the material reacting with oxygen in the air, so as to protect the material from oxidation or other chemical changes.

[0057] Embodiment 5: In order to make the biomass material heated evenly, a stirring member 24 is provided in each material storage space 6 , and the stirring member 24 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 4 .

[0058] In addition, a stirring member 24 is provided in each storage space 6. These stirring members 24 are fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 4, so when the rotating shaft 4 rotates, the stirring members 24 will also rotate. The purpose of the stirring member 24 is to stir and mix the materials in the storage space 6 to ensure that the materials can be evenly heated during the transportation process and prevent the materials from agglomerating or clogging in the storage space 6. At the same time, it also helps to improve the dispersion and uniformity of the materials and facilitate the discharge of gas.

[0059] Embodiment 6: In order to realize the liquefaction of gaseous bio-oil, the right end of the conveying pipe 1 is connected to a cooling tower 25, the upper end of the cooling tower 25 is connected to a connecting pipe 26, the lower end of the cooling tower 25 is provided with a liquid outlet 27, a detachable liquid collector 28 is fixedly connected to the liquid outlet 27, and the end of the connecting pipe 26 away from the cooling tower 25 is connected to a fractionator 29.

[0060] At the right end of the conveying pipe 1, that is, near the outlet of the material, there is a cooling tower 25, the main function of which is to receive the high-temperature gas mixture discharged from the conveying pipe 1 and reduce its temperature through a cooling process. The high-temperature mixed gas includes carbon monoxide, methane, ethylene and gaseous bio-oil. The boiling points of carbon monoxide, methane and ethylene are very low. The gaseous bio-oil can be cooled and liquefied by the cooling tower, wherein the cooling temperature is 20-40 degrees Celsius.

[0061] A connecting pipe 26 is connected to the upper end of the cooling tower 25. The function of this connecting pipe 26 is to transport the mixture of gases that have passed through the cooling tower 25 and have not been liquefied to the next processing unit, namely the fractionator 29. The fractionator is a commonly used chemical equipment for separating the mixture into different components. In this system, the fractionator 29 may be used to further separate the cooled material into purer components, or to recover and reuse certain valuable components in the system. For example, the methane and ethylene separated by the fractionator 29 can be used as fuel for heating the pyrolysis device in this design.

[0062] A liquid outlet 27 is provided at the lower end of the cooling tower 25. The liquid outlet 27 is used to discharge the liquid (such as condensed bio-oil) generated during the cooling process. In order to ensure that these liquids can be discharged smoothly and collected conveniently, a detachable liquid collector 28 is fixedly connected to the liquid outlet 27. The design of the liquid collector 28 allows it to be easily connected or disconnected from the liquid outlet 27, thereby facilitating cleaning, maintenance and replacement.

[0063] Through such a design, the cooling tower 25 can not only effectively cool the high-temperature mixed gas, but also achieve seamless connection with subsequent processing units through connecting pipes and fractionators.

[0064] Embodiment 7: In order to enhance the performance of the soil conditioner, a detachable collector 30 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the feed port 12, and an agitator is provided in the collector 30. A spray system is connected between the liquid collector 28 and the collector 30, and the spray system includes a nozzle 31 and a suction pump 32. The nozzle 31 is installed at the upper end of the collector 30, the suction end of the suction pump 32 is connected to the liquid collector 28, and the liquid outlet end of the suction pump 32 is connected to the nozzle 31.

[0065] A detachable collector 30 is connected to the lower end of the discharge port 12 of the cyclone separator 9. The main function of this collector 30 is to receive the material separated from the cyclone separator 9. A stirrer is arranged in the collector 30. The function of the stirrer is to stir and mix the material in the collector to ensure that the material can be evenly distributed and avoid agglomeration and caking, thereby improving the subsequent processing efficiency and quality of the material.

[0066] The liquid collector 28, in which liquid bio-oil is stored, is connected to the collector 30 by a spray system. The main purpose of the spray system is to use the liquid bio-oil in the liquid collector 28 to spray the material in the collector 30. The spray system consists of two key components: a nozzle 31 and a suction pump 32.

[0067] The nozzle 31 is installed at the upper end of the collector 30. Its design ensures that the liquid bio-oil can be sprayed evenly and finely onto the material in the collector. This spraying method can promote the mixing of the material and the liquid bio-oil, thereby possibly changing the properties of the material or improving its utilization value.

[0068] Embodiment 8: The agitator comprises a bracket fixedly connected to the feed port, a driven wheel rotates on the bracket, a stirring shaft is fixedly connected to the driven wheel, and a stirring member is fixedly connected to the stirring shaft.

[0069] Embodiment 9: This embodiment provides a method for preparing a soil conditioner, S1: collecting plant roots and stems such as dead branches and leaves, hay, and animal feces as raw materials, air-drying the raw materials and then crushing them, and mixing the crushed plant roots and stems with the animal feces in proportion; then, adding calcium dihydrogen phosphate to the mixed raw materials in proportion to form a mixed raw material;

[0070] During the pyrolysis process, biomass (including plant roots and animal feces) is heated and decomposed under anaerobic conditions to produce bio-oil, biogas mixture (mainly carbon monoxide, methane, ethylene) and biochar. Biochar is a carbon-rich solid substance that can enter the soil, improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, increase the soil's carbon fixation capacity, and reduce the use of fertilizers, thereby promoting the increase of crop yields and income.

[0071] As a mineral additive, calcium dihydrogen phosphate can significantly improve the production efficiency of biochar by co-pyrolysis with biomass during the pyrolysis process. Biochar with the addition of calcium dihydrogen phosphate not only increases carbon retention but also improves chemical stability and microbial mineralization stability. This means that the carbon in the biochar is less likely to be released, thereby enhancing the soil's carbon sequestration capacity.

[0072] Temperature control during pyrolysis is crucial for the formation of biochar. The temperature is raised in stages, starting from 200 degrees and gradually increasing to 500 degrees, with each temperature stage maintained for a certain period of time. Such pyrolysis conditions help optimize the physical and chemical properties of biochar, making it more suitable for soil improvement and carbon fixation.

[0073] The particles of the crushed raw materials are between 1-6 microns, and the mixing ratio of the crushed plant roots and animal manure is 4:1, which is conducive to the generation of more biomass charcoal. Animal manure mainly produces biomass oil, mixed gas and biomass charcoal. The mixing ratio of the raw materials and calcium dihydrogen phosphate is 1:4, and then a co-pyrolysis reaction is carried out. Under this ratio, the carbon fixation effect of biochar is significantly improved, the carbon retention amount is increased, and the stability of biochar is also enhanced. Calcium dihydrogen phosphate can be directly mixed with the biomass raw material and added to the first feed port, or a mixed feed port can be set between the first feed port and the pyrolysis device, and calcium dihydrogen phosphate is added for mixing during the transportation of the biomass raw material.

[0074] Suppose we have 4 portions of plant rhizomes (the weight of each portion can be arbitrary, but for the convenience of calculation, we can assume that each portion is 1 unit of weight), then animal manure is 1 portion, plant rhizomes: 4 units, animal manure: 1 unit; the mixing ratio of raw materials and dicalcium phosphate is 1:4. Since we have mixed 5 units of raw materials, we need to calculate how much dicalcium phosphate is needed for 5 units of raw materials. Each 1 unit of raw material requires 4 units of dicalcium phosphate, so 5 units of raw materials require: 5x4=20 units of dicalcium phosphate, so the total weight of the final mixed raw materials is: 5 units of raw materials + 20 units of dicalcium phosphate = 25 units.

[0075] S2: The mixed raw materials are gradually heated by a pyrolysis device. During pyrolysis, nitrogen is introduced to provide an inert environment to prevent oxidation. Specifically, the temperature is raised to 300°C and maintained for 1 hour, then raised to 400°C and maintained for 1 hour, and finally raised to 500°C and maintained for 1 hour. This process will generate biochar, bio-oil, carbon monoxide, methane, and ethylene.

[0076] When the mixed raw materials are heated to 300°C, some lighter volatile substances begin to be released from the raw materials. The temperature is maintained for 1 hour to allow these volatile substances to be fully released, and the raw materials begin to undergo preliminary pyrolysis reactions. Nitrogen is continuously introduced to ensure that the entire environment remains inert and prevent oxygen from contacting the raw materials to cause combustion or oxidation; after reaching 300°C and maintaining it for a period of time, the temperature is continued to rise to 400°C, and maintained at 400°C for another hour, more volatile substances in the raw materials are released, and the pyrolysis reaction is further deepened. At this time, biochar begins to form, and bio-oil, carbon monoxide, methane, ethylene and other gases also begin to be generated; the temperature continues to rise to 500°C, which is the highest temperature in the pyrolysis process. After maintaining at 500°C for 1 hour, most of the volatile substances and combustible gases in the raw materials are released, and the structure of the biochar is further stabilized; it also promotes further cracking and recombination of the gas products to generate more carbon monoxide, methane, ethylene and other gases; after the pyrolysis process, biochar, bio-oil and gas products (carbon monoxide, methane, ethylene, etc.) can be collected. Biochar can be used as a soil conditioner, adsorbent or fuel, etc., bio-oil can be made into organic fertilizer and used for soil improvement, and gas products can be collected and used as energy or chemical raw materials.

[0077] S3: The generated biochar is cooled to 30-50°C and then enters the cyclone separator. At the same time, the dried humus soil is sent to the cyclone separator. The biochar and humus soil enter the cyclone separator at the same time for mixed exhaust. The mixed mixture enters the collector.

[0078] After being treated by the pyrolysis device, the temperature of the biochar will be very high. For safe handling and subsequent use, it needs to be cooled to a lower temperature range, usually 30-50°C. The cooling can be carried out by natural cooling, air cooling or water cooling. The cyclone separator is a commonly used gas-solid separation equipment, which uses centrifugal force to separate solid particles from the gas. In this process, the biochar is sent to the cyclone separator, and at the same time, the dried humus is also sent to the same cyclone separator; in the cyclone separator, the biochar and humus are mixed under the action of the airflow. Due to the design of the cyclone separator, the heavier solid particles (such as biochar and humus) will be thrown to the wall and fall, while the lighter gas (such as the residual gas generated during the pyrolysis process) will be discharged through the top outlet; after being treated by the cyclone separator, the mixture of biochar and humus will be discharged from the bottom of the separator. This mixture is then sent to the collector for storage or further treatment; the collected mixture can be further processed or treated as needed. The biochar and humus in the mixture can each play their own unique properties. For example, the biochar can be used as a soil conditioner or adsorbent, and the humus can be used as a high-quality organic fertilizer. The biochar with calcium dihydrogen phosphate can provide the required phosphorus and calcium elements for the microorganisms in the humus. These elements are necessary for the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, so the addition of calcium dihydrogen phosphate to the biochar may indirectly promote the growth of microorganisms.

[0079] S4: adding the whole herb of Polygonum hydropiper and the whole herb of Sophora flavescens granules to the mixture entering the collector and mixing them.

[0080] The whole herb of Polygonum hydropiper and the whole herb of Sophora flavescens are both plants with medicinal value. They each contain a variety of active ingredients, which have certain inhibitory effects on soil microorganisms and plant diseases and insect pests. Before adding, these plant materials need to be dried and crushed into particles so as to be better mixed with the mixture; when the mixture of biomass charcoal and humus enters the collector, the pre-prepared whole herb of Polygonum hydropiper and whole herb of Sophora flavescens particles are added thereto in a certain proportion, and the added proportion can be adjusted according to specific application requirements to achieve the best biological activity and functional effects; after adding the plant particles, it is necessary to use appropriate mixing equipment or tools to fully stir the mixture to ensure that the whole herb of Polygonum hydropiper and whole herb of Sophora flavescens particles can be evenly distributed in the mixture of biomass and humus; the mixture treated as above can be used as a soil conditioner or fertilizer with multiple functions, which can not only improve soil structure and soil fertility, but also inhibit diseases and insect pests in the soil and promote the healthy growth of crops.

[0081] Embodiment 10: Based on the embodiment 9, the gaseous bio-oil in S2 enters the cooling tower to be liquefied into liquid bio-oil; the mixture in the collector is stirred and mixed while spraying the liquid bio-oil.

[0082] During the pyrolysis process, as the temperature rises and the raw materials decompose, a large amount of gaseous substances will be produced, including the gaseous form of bio-oil. The gaseous bio-oil is then sent to a cooling tower to cool and liquefy the high-temperature gas. In the cooling tower, the gaseous bio-oil is cooled to a lower temperature through a heat exchange process, thereby liquefying into liquid bio-oil. The liquefied bio-oil flows out from the bottom or outlet of the cooling tower and is collected for subsequent use; optionally, the liquid bio-oil is sprayed into the mixture. When the mixture is stirred, the liquid bio-oil is evenly and finely sprayed onto the surface of the mixture. The addition of liquid bio-oil can increase the wettability, adhesion, fertilizer efficiency and other properties of the mixture.

[0083] Bio-oil may contain some nutrient elements that are beneficial to plants, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc. These elements may provide nutrients in soil improvement and promote plant growth. Bio-oil helps to improve soil structure, such as increasing soil organic matter content and improving soil aggregate structure. These improvements help to improve soil water retention, fertilizer retention and ventilation performance. The organic matter in bio-oil provides carbon sources and energy for microorganisms in the soil, thereby promoting the growth and reproduction of microorganisms. The increase in microbial activity helps to transform and release soil nutrients, as well as the health and stability of the soil ecosystem.

[0084] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or replace some of the technical features therein by equivalents. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A soil conditioner processing device, comprising a conveying pipe (1), wherein the left end of the conveying pipe (1) is connected to a first feed port (2), the right end of the conveying pipe (1) is connected to a discharge port (3), and a spiral feed rod is rotatably connected in the conveying pipe (1), characterized in that: The spiral feed rod comprises a rotating shaft (4), a plurality of spiral blades (5) having the same structure and uniformly distributed along the axial direction of the rotating shaft (4) are fixedly connected to the rotating shaft (4), a material storage space (6) is reserved between every two adjacent spiral blades (5), a pyrolysis device is provided on the conveying pipe (1), the pyrolysis device is between the feeding port (2) and the discharging port (3), the pyrolysis device has three heaters (7) having the same structure from left to right, the lower end of the discharging port (3) is connected to a collector (8), and the lower end of the collector (8) is connected to a collecting device; The collecting device comprises a cyclone separator (9), and the cyclone separator (9) comprises a first feed pipe (10), a second feed pipe (11) and a discharge port (12); the first feed pipe (10) and the second feed pipe (11) have the same structure and are centrally symmetrically arranged; the first feed pipe (10) is connected to a first air inlet pipe (13); the side of the first air inlet pipe (13) is connected to a lower outlet of a collector (8); the second feed pipe (11) is connected to a second air inlet pipe (14); the side of the second air inlet pipe (14) is connected to a second feed port (15).

2. The soil conditioner processing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an air cooler (16), wherein the first air inlet pipe (13) includes a plurality of horizontal pipes arranged in parallel, and each two adjacent horizontal pipes are connected by arc pipes to form a continuous S-shaped structure, and the end of the first air inlet pipe (13) away from the first feed pipe (10) is connected to the air outlet of the air cooler (16), and the collector (8) is arranged at the end close to the air cooler (16), and an acceleration branch pipe (17) connected to the first air inlet pipe (13) is provided in the tangential direction of each arc pipe, and the acceleration branch pipe (17) is connected to an air compressor, and the air outlet end of the air compressor is also connected to the second air inlet pipe (14).

3. The soil conditioner processing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A spray water cooling system is installed at the first air inlet pipe (13), and the spray water cooling system comprises a water outlet (18) located above the first air inlet pipe (13) and a water receiver (19) located below the first air inlet pipe (13), and a circulating cold water system (20) is connected between the water receiver and the water outlet.

4. The soil conditioner processing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: An air outlet pipe (21) fixedly connected to the material conveying pipe (1) is provided in each material storage space (6); all the air outlet pipes (21) penetrate the material conveying pipe (1) outwardly and are fixedly connected to an air delivery pipe (22); and the air delivery pipe (22) is connected to a nitrogen tank (23).

5. The soil conditioner processing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A stirring member (24) is provided in each material storage space (6), and the stirring member (24) is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft (4).

6. The soil conditioner processing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The right end of the conveying pipe (1) is connected to a cooling tower (25), the upper end of the cooling tower (25) is connected to a connecting pipe (26), the lower end of the cooling tower (25) is provided with a liquid outlet (27), a detachable liquid collector (28) is fixedly connected to the liquid outlet (27), and the end of the connecting pipe (26) away from the cooling tower (25) is connected to a fractionator (29).

7. The soil conditioner processing equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: A detachable collector (30) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the feed port (12), an agitator is provided in the collector (30), a spray system is connected between the liquid collector (28) and the collector (30), the spray system comprises a spray head (31) and a suction pump (32), the spray head (31) is installed at the upper end of the collector (30), the liquid suction end of the suction pump (32) is connected to the liquid collector (28), and the liquid discharge end of the suction pump (32) is connected to the spray head (31).

8. The soil conditioner processing equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that: The stirrer comprises a bracket fixedly connected to a feed opening (12); a driven wheel is rotatably connected to the bracket; a stirring shaft is fixedly connected to the driven wheel; and a stirring member is fixedly connected to the stirring shaft.

9. A method for preparing a soil conditioner, using the soil conditioner processing equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: collecting plant roots and stems such as dead branches and leaves, hay, and animal feces as raw materials, air-drying the raw materials and then crushing them, mixing the crushed plant roots and stems with the animal feces in proportion and putting them into a first feed inlet; then, adding calcium dihydrogen phosphate to the mixed raw materials in proportion to form a mixed raw material; S2: The mixed raw materials are gradually heated by a pyrolysis device. During pyrolysis, nitrogen is introduced to provide an inert environment to prevent oxidation. Specifically, the temperature is raised to 300°C and maintained for 1 hour, then raised to 400°C and maintained for 1 hour, and finally raised to 500°C and maintained for 1 hour. This process will generate biochar, bio-oil, carbon monoxide, methane, and ethylene. S3: The generated biochar is cooled to 30-50°C and then enters the cyclone separator. At the same time, the dried humus soil is sent to the cyclone separator. The biochar and humus soil enter the cyclone separator at the same time for mixed exhaust. The mixed mixture enters the collector. S4: adding the whole herb of Polygonum hydropiper and the whole herb of Sophora flavescens granules to the mixture entering the collector, and stirring and mixing.

10. The method for preparing the soil conditioner according to claim 9, characterized in that: The gaseous bio-oil in S2 enters the cooling tower to be liquefied into liquid bio-oil; the mixture in the collector is stirred and mixed while spraying the liquid bio-oil.

Images