Method for realizing hybrid power storage battery by using conventional storage battery and capacitor

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for realizing a hybrid power storage battery by using a conventional storage battery and a capacitor, belongs to the field of storage batteries, relates to a chemical energy storage storage battery and the application field thereof, and is suitable for a use scene that the storage battery needs to provide continuous lower power and instantaneous high power. According to the invention, the one-way functional part is additionally arranged between the conventional storage battery and the capacitor, so that the voltage of the capacitor is not lower than that of the storage battery, the capacitor does not lose electric quantity due to the stop of an external charging power supply, and the capacitor can release electric energy prior to the storage battery when an instantaneous high-power discharge demand exists. The electric energy is preferentially released through the capacitor, and the instantaneous high-power discharge probability or / and discharge intensity of the storage battery is eliminated or reduced, so that the service life of the storage battery is prolonged, the reliability of an electric power storage system is improved, the requirement of the application scene on the performance of the storage battery is reduced, and the electric power storage cost is possibly reduced.

Description

Technical field:

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of storage batteries, and relates to storage batteries for chemical energy storage and the application field thereof. Background technology:

[0002] Conventional batteries refer to batteries that store energy chemically, such as lithium-ion, sodium-ion, and lead-acid batteries, which are widely used in various fields, such as UPS systems, communication equipment, emergency lighting, automobiles, electric vehicles, and solar and wind power generation systems. Some application scenarios require batteries to provide both continuous and stable low-power power output and short-term high-power power output. In these application scenarios with instantaneous high-power power demand, if the battery discharges too fast, it will accelerate the loss of positive or negative active materials inside the battery, destroy the reversibility of the positive and negative active materials, and even if it is remedied by charging, it is difficult to fully restore its performance, thereby affecting the electrical performance and capacity of the battery and shortening its life. The current practice is to use large-capacity batteries or add special process treatments to improve the discharge capacity of the power storage system to avoid premature failure of the battery, but this leads to increased costs. In addition, the use of instantaneous high-power scenarios will cause the battery voltage to drop instantly, affecting the normal operation of other electrical equipment in the system.

[0003] For example, the battery pack of a traditional fuel vehicle needs to provide power support for relatively low-power devices such as the car radio, on-board smart devices, and ECU, as well as instantaneous high-power power for the engine starter motor. Under normal circumstances, the main factors affecting the life of traditional fuel vehicle batteries are the instantaneous high current during engine startup, or frequent startups that cause the battery to be unable to recharge in time, resulting in battery power loss, which in the long term causes the actual capacity of the battery to decrease, ultimately leading to the battery being scrapped. In addition, the instantaneous high power during the engine startup process will cause the battery voltage to drop instantly, for example, causing the car audio to drop or become silent, and the light brightness to temporarily decrease or go out. Summary of the invention:

[0004] Batteries and capacitors (including supercapacitors) are both energy storage components. They each have their own characteristics: Batteries have a higher energy density but slow charging and discharging and low efficiency, while capacitors have a lower energy density but better power characteristics than batteries, and can achieve high current rapid charging and discharging, and have higher charging and discharging times and efficiency than batteries. A hybrid battery composed of batteries and capacitors can take the advantages of both, thus making up for the weaknesses of traditional batteries.

[0005] The present invention installs a unidirectional component between the traditional battery and the capacitor, so that the power provided by the traditional battery is mainly used for low power, and the power provided by the capacitor is mainly used for instantaneous high power, so as to eliminate or reduce the probability of instantaneous high power discharge of the traditional battery or reduce the value of instantaneous high power, thereby achieving the purpose of extending the battery life and reducing battery voltage fluctuation. It can further reduce the requirements for battery performance in such application scenarios, such as reducing the volume or capacity of the battery pack, and reducing the discharge limit parameters of the battery pack, thereby improving the reliability of the energy storage system while reducing costs.

[0006] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the present invention. In the figure: 1, battery assembly; 2, unidirectional assembly; 3, capacitor assembly. Specific implementation method:

[0007] The present invention is a hybrid power battery that uses a conventional battery and a capacitor to achieve joint operation. Figure 1 As shown, the battery assembly (1) is connected to the capacitor assembly (3) through the unidirectional assembly (2) to form a hybrid battery. In addition to completing the functions of charging a conventional battery and providing a relatively low power to the outside, the battery assembly (1) is also connected to the capacitor assembly (3) through the unidirectional assembly (2) to enable the power supply to charge the capacitor assembly (3), and at the same time, the capacitor assembly (3) provides a path for instantaneous high-power discharge.

[0008] The working principle of the hybrid battery of the present invention is that, by adding a unidirectional component (2) between the battery assembly (1) and the capacitor assembly (3), the electric quantity of the capacitor assembly (3) will not be reversely fed to the battery assembly (1) and lose power after the charging power source stops. When there is a demand for instantaneous high-power discharge, the capacitor assembly (3) is discharged first because its voltage is not lower than the voltage of the battery assembly (1). Only when the voltage of the capacitor assembly (3) is reduced to the same or lower than the voltage of the battery assembly (1) due to discharge, the battery assembly (1) will discharge together with the capacitor assembly (3) through the unidirectional component (2), thereby eliminating or reducing the discharge probability and / or discharge intensity of the battery assembly (1). For example, when the electric quantity of the capacitor assembly (3) is sufficient to match the instantaneous high-power discharge energy, the battery assembly (1) will not participate in the instantaneous high-power discharge, thereby eliminating the load generated by the instantaneous high-power discharge on the battery assembly (1) and eliminating the voltage fluctuation of the battery assembly (1) caused by the instantaneous high-power discharge.

[0009] An example is given to describe an application scenario in which a hybrid battery using an ideal diode as a unidirectional component (2) replaces the lead-acid battery of a conventional fuel vehicle. The working process of the hybrid battery is as follows: when the vehicle starts, the (super) capacitor component (3) in the hybrid battery has a higher voltage, so its power is provided to the starting motor of the vehicle engine before the battery component (1) to complete the engine starting. Then the generator of the engine provides a floating charge voltage to the hybrid battery. This voltage is higher than the nominal voltage of the battery component (1). A portion of the floating charge is used to charge the battery component (1). At the same time, the (super) capacitor component (3) is charged through the unidirectional component (2). Since the (super) capacitor component (3) charges quickly, its voltage will soon approach the floating charge voltage. At this time, it can be considered that the (super) capacitor component (3) is fully charged and is ready for the next vehicle start. In this example, since the (super) capacitor component (3) first participates in the instantaneous high-power discharge for starting and can be quickly recharged after discharge, compared with traditional batteries, the hybrid battery of the present invention is more suitable for frequent stop-start operations of the vehicle. At the same time, the instantaneous high-power load of the battery component (1) is eliminated or reduced, the life of the battery component (1) is extended, and the voltage at its output end will also disappear or decrease due to the fluctuation of the instantaneous high power.

Claims

1. A method for realizing a hybrid power battery using a conventional battery and a capacitor, comprising a battery assembly (1), a unidirectional assembly (2) and a capacitor assembly (3), characterized in that The battery assembly (1) is connected to the capacitor assembly (3) via the unidirectional assembly (2) to form a hybrid power battery.

2. The hybrid battery according to claim 1, characterized in that In addition to being able to complete conventional battery charging and external power supply functions, the battery assembly (1) is also connected to the capacitor assembly (3) through the unidirectional assembly (2), and the capacitor assembly (3) provides another external power supply path, thereby realizing the charging of the capacitor assembly (3) by the charging power source and the independent discharge of the capacitor assembly (3), or the joint discharge of the capacitor assembly (3) and the battery assembly (1) through the above-mentioned discharge path.

3. According to the hybrid battery of claim 1, the target value of the charging voltage of the capacitor assembly (3) is not lower than the nominal voltage of the battery assembly (1).

4. According to the hybrid power battery of claim 1, the battery assembly (1) mainly completes relatively low-power electrical output, and the capacitor assembly (3) mainly completes instantaneous high-power electrical output.

5. The unidirectional component (2) in the hybrid battery according to claim 1 can be a unidirectional conductive component (component) that realizes unidirectional conduction, or can be a voltage and / or current controllable unidirectional conductive component, and its fundamental feature is that the current is unidirectionally conductive.

6. The capacitor component (3) in the hybrid battery according to claim 1 is a component with general capacitance characteristics, including a capacitor in the form of a supercapacitor.

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