A hoist capable of adjusting the aerial posture of wind turbine blades and a method for assembling and disassembling the blades

Abstract

The invention discloses a hoist capable of adjusting the aerial posture of a wind turbine blade, and relates to the technical field of wind turbine equipment installation and maintenance, a blade clamp and an orientation adjustment mechanism, wherein the blade clamp is connected to a hook of a crane through the orientation adjustment mechanism; the orientation adjustment mechanism comprises an upper platform, a plurality of actuators, a plurality of movable pulleys, a flexible body and a plurality of guide pulleys, the upper platform is connected to the hook, a plurality of actuators and a plurality of guide pulleys are respectively arranged on the upper platform, a plurality of movable pulleys are respectively arranged on the blade clamp, and the flexible body is connected to a plurality of actuators, a plurality of movable pulleys, a plurality of guide pulleys and the upper platform, so as to greatly improve the efficiency of blade installation and disassembly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of wind power equipment installation and maintenance, and in particular to a hanger capable of adjusting the aerial posture of a wind power blade and a method for assembling and disassembling the blade. Background Art

[0002] A wind turbine is a machine that converts the kinetic energy of wind into mechanical energy, and then converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy through a generator. Generally, a wind turbine that rotates along a horizontal axis is used, and the wind turbine includes a rotor shaft that can rotate along the horizontal axis and a nacelle at the top of the tower. The hub is installed at the rotor shaft, and the wind turbine blades are installed on the hub. Most wind turbines currently used include three wind turbine blades.

[0003] Some wind turbines include a gearbox that can be used to rotate the hub by an external or integrated actuator (e.g., an electric motor) during installation of the blades to the hub. Other wind turbines (so-called direct drive, semi-direct drive turbines, etc. without a gearbox or with a relatively small rotating gear) do not allow the hub to be rotated by an actuator because sufficient torque to rotate the hub cannot be generated. These wind turbines only allow the hub to be rotated during normal operation when the blades are driven by the impinging air, thereby converting wind energy into mechanical energy.

[0004] At present, the installation method of wind turbine blades is to horizontally lift the first wind turbine blade and install it at the hub, then rotate the hub to make the axis of the installation position of the second wind turbine blade horizontal. Lift the second wind turbine blade horizontally and install it at the hub. Rotate the hub to make the axis of the installation position of the third wind turbine blade horizontal. Lift the third wind turbine blade horizontally and install it at the hub. This method is suitable for wind turbines with large transmission ratio gearboxes, and cannot be directly applied to direct drive, semi-direct drive turbines and other turbines without gearboxes or with small transmission ratio rotating gears.

[0005] For direct drive and semi-direct drive turbines without gearboxes or with relatively small rotating gears, the current installation method is to install a winch at the hub of the wind turbine to drive the hub to rotate, so that the turbine can be applied to the aforementioned installation method. However, the disassembly and assembly of the winch takes about 10 hours, which greatly affects the installation efficiency of the blades. Moreover, the winch needs to be customized for different turbines, which increases the installation and maintenance costs.

[0006] In response to the above problems, European Patent: A tool for managing wind turbine blades (publication number: EP2670977B1, publication date: May 1, 2019). The tool for managing wind turbine blades can adjust the orientation of the blades in the air, allowing the blades to be installed in directions other than the horizontal direction of the axis of the wind turbine blade installation position. However, the tool for managing wind turbine blades has a complex structure and is too heavy, reaching several times the weight of the wind turbine blades. A large crane is required to complete the installation, and the application scenarios are greatly limited, especially the installation of offshore wind turbine blades. In addition, the tool for managing wind turbine blades is costly and complex to maintain, making it difficult to popularize and use on a large scale. Summary of the invention

[0007] The object of the present invention is to provide a hanger capable of adjusting the aerial posture of a wind turbine blade and a method for assembling and disassembling the blade, so as to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0008] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0009] A hoist capable of adjusting the aerial posture of a wind turbine blade comprises: a blade clamp and an orientation adjustment mechanism, wherein the blade clamp is connected to a hook of a crane via the orientation adjustment mechanism;

[0010] The orientation adjustment mechanism includes an upper platform, a plurality of actuators, a plurality of movable pulleys, a flexible body and a plurality of guide pulleys. The upper platform is connected to the hook, a plurality of the actuators and a plurality of the guide pulleys are respectively arranged on the upper platform, a plurality of the movable pulleys are respectively arranged on the blade clamp, and the flexible body connects a plurality of the actuators, a plurality of the movable pulleys, a plurality of the guide pulleys and the upper platform.

[0011] Preferably, the plurality of actuators include a first actuator, a second actuator, a third actuator and a fourth actuator, wherein the first actuator and the second actuator are arranged on both sides of the upper platform, the third actuator is located between the first actuator and the second actuator, and the fourth actuator is located on one side of the first actuator.

[0012] As a further preference, the plurality of guide pulleys include a first guide pulley and a second guide pulley, the first guide pulley is located on the other side of the first actuator, and the second guide pulley is located on one side of the second actuator.

[0013] Preferably, the flexible body is but not limited to a steel wire rope, a chain, or a sling.

[0014] As a further preference, the first actuator, the second actuator, the third actuator and the fourth actuator are all but not limited to electric reels and hydraulic reels.

[0015] Preferably, the number of movable pulleys is two or four.

[0016] A blade installation method is used to install a wind turbine blade on a wind turbine hub located at a nacelle on a wind turbine tower top, the installation method comprising:

[0017] S1, connecting the blade fixture to the hook of the crane through the orientation adjustment mechanism, lifting the blade fixture by the crane, and adjusting the position of the blade fixture;

[0018] S2, sleeve the blade fixture on one end of the wind turbine blade, and lift the wind turbine blade by the crane;

[0019] S3, controlling the blade fixture through the orientation adjustment mechanism to rotate the wind turbine blade along the transverse axis direction of the wind turbine blade, and then adjusting the position of the wind turbine blade;

[0020] S4, installing the wind turbine blade on the wind turbine hub by locking bolts;

[0021] S5. Remove the blade fixture.

[0022] A blade disassembly method is used to disassemble a wind turbine blade from a wind turbine hub at a nacelle on a wind turbine tower top, the disassembly method comprising:

[0023] S1, connecting the blade fixture to the hook of the crane through the orientation adjustment mechanism, lifting the blade fixture by the crane, and adjusting the position of the blade fixture;

[0024] S2, sleeve the blade clamp onto one end of the wind turbine blade, so that the blade clamp clamps the wind turbine blade;

[0025] S3, removing the wind turbine blades, and separating the wind turbine blades from the wind turbine hub;

[0026] S4, adjusting the position of the wind turbine blades;

[0027] S5. Place the wind turbine blade and remove the blade fixture.

[0028] The above technical solution has the following advantages or beneficial effects:

[0029] (1) In the present invention, by providing a blade clamp and an orientation adjustment mechanism, it can be directly applied to the installation and removal of wind turbine blades of direct-drive and semi-direct-drive turbines without a gearbox or with a relatively small rotating gear, without the need to rotate the turbine hub, thus saving the installation and removal time of the turning gear, and greatly improving the efficiency of blade installation and removal;

[0030] (2) In the present invention, the differential principle is used to adjust the posture of the wind turbine blade or the blade fixture, which can greatly reduce the power and size of the first actuator, the second actuator, the third actuator and the fourth actuator, thereby reducing the overall weight and cost;

[0031] (3) In the present invention, during the posture adjustment process of the wind turbine blade or the blade clamp, the center of gravity of the wind turbine blade and the blade clamp is at the same point, and the hanging point and the aforementioned center of gravity are always on the same vertical line. No additional counterweight is required to balance the center of gravity of the blade, thereby greatly reducing the weight of the structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the hanger capable of adjusting the aerial posture of a wind turbine blade in the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 It is a layout diagram of the upper platform in the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the first guide pulley in the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure when the first wind turbine blade is installed in the present invention;

[0036] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the second wind turbine blade installed in the present invention;

[0037] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure when the third wind turbine blade is installed in the present invention.

[0038] In the figure: 1. blade clamp; 2. wind turbine blade; 201. first wind turbine blade; 202. second wind turbine blade; 203. third wind turbine blade; 3. orientation adjustment mechanism; 301. upper platform; 302. hanging rope; 303. fourth actuator; 304. first actuator; 305. third actuator; 306. second actuator; 307. first movable pulley; 308. second movable pulley; 309. flexible body; 310. first guide pulley; 3101. pulley; 3102. lateral rotating bracket; 3103. fixed bracket; 3104. pin shaft; 3105. rotating shaft; 311. second guide pulley; 4. wind turbine hub. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but they are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0040] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the hanger capable of adjusting the aerial posture of the wind turbine blades in the present invention. Figure 2 is a layout diagram of the upper platform in the present invention, Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the first guide pulley in the present invention, Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure when the first wind turbine blade is installed in the present invention, Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure when the second wind turbine blade is installed in the present invention, Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure when the third wind turbine blade is installed in the present invention, see Figures 1 to 6 As shown, a preferred embodiment is shown, which shows a hoisting device capable of adjusting the aerial posture of a wind turbine blade, comprising: a blade clamp 1 and an orientation adjustment mechanism 3, wherein the blade clamp 1 is connected to the hook of a crane via the orientation adjustment mechanism 3. In this embodiment, the blade clamp 1 is used to clamp and fix the wind turbine blade 2. The orientation adjustment mechanism 3 is used to adjust the direction and position of the blade clamp 1 and the wind turbine blade 2. In this embodiment, two clamping parts are provided at both ends of the blade clamp 1, and the two clamping parts are sleeved on both sides of the maximum circumference of the wind turbine blade 2, for example Figure 1 The left side of the wind turbine blade 2 shown. Or Figure 4 The upper side of the wind turbine blade 2 is shown. It is used to improve the force applied to the wind turbine blade 2 during the posture adjustment process, and prevent the blade root of the wind turbine blade 2 from detaching from the blade fixture 1 when the blade root tilts downward by more than 30°. The center of gravity of the blade fixture 1 in this embodiment coincides with the center of gravity of the wind turbine blade 2.

[0041] The orientation adjustment mechanism 3 includes an upper platform 301, a plurality of actuators, a plurality of movable pulleys, a flexible body 309 and a plurality of guide pulleys. The upper platform 301 is connected to the hook. The plurality of actuators and the plurality of guide pulleys are respectively arranged on the upper platform 301. The plurality of movable pulleys are respectively arranged on the blade clamp 1. The flexible body 309 connects the plurality of actuators, the plurality of movable pulleys, the plurality of guide pulleys and the upper platform 301. In this embodiment, four hanging ropes 302 are fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the upper platform 301, and the four hanging ropes 302 are connected to the four angles of the upper platform 301. The upper platform 301 is also provided with a generator, a control cabinet, a wire drum and other devices. The wire drum is used for the collection and release of the flexible body between the upper platform 301 and the blade clamp 1. In this embodiment, a preset distance is set between the upper platform 301 and the hook.

[0042] Further, as a preferred embodiment, the plurality of actuators include a first actuator 304, a second actuator 306, a third actuator 305 and a fourth actuator 303, wherein the first actuator 304 and the second actuator 306 are arranged on both sides of the upper platform 301, the third actuator 305 is located between the first actuator 304 and the second actuator 306, and the fourth actuator 303 is located on one side of the first actuator 304. In this embodiment, the first actuator 304, the second actuator 306, the third actuator 305 and the fourth actuator 303 are all arranged on the upper platform 301, and the position or length of the flexible body 309 is adjusted by the differential principle to achieve orientation adjustment of the blade fixture 1 and the wind turbine blade 2.

[0043] Further, as a preferred embodiment, the plurality of guide pulleys include a first guide pulley 310 and a second guide pulley 311 , the first guide pulley 310 is located on the other side of the first actuator 304 , and the second guide pulley 311 is located on one side of the second actuator 306 .

[0044] Further, as a preferred embodiment, the flexible body 309 is but not limited to a steel wire rope, a chain, or a sling. The flexible body 309 in this embodiment is preferably a steel wire rope.

[0045] Further, as a preferred embodiment, the first actuator 304, the second actuator 306, the third actuator 305 and the fourth actuator 303 are all but not limited to electric reels and hydraulic reels. In this embodiment, the first actuator 304, the second actuator 306, the third actuator 305 and the fourth actuator 303 are all preferably electric reels.

[0046] Further, as a preferred embodiment, two or four movable pulleys are provided. In this embodiment, four movable pulleys are preferably provided, and the plurality of movable pulleys include a first movable pulley 307, a second movable pulley 308, a third movable pulley (not shown in the figure) and a fourth movable pulley (not shown in the figure). Figure 1As shown, the first movable pulley 307 and the fourth movable pulley are respectively arranged at one end of the blade fixture 1, and the second movable pulley 308 and the third movable pulley are arranged at the other end of the blade fixture 1, wherein the first movable pulley 307 and the second movable pulley 308 are located on one side of the blade fixture 1, and the third movable pulley and the fourth movable pulley are located on the other side of the blade fixture. And the first movable pulley 307, the second movable pulley 308, the third movable pulley and the fourth movable pulley are respectively connected to the blade fixture 1 through hinges, which can reduce the load of the flexible body 309. Therefore, a thinner flexible body 309 can be selected to improve the flexibility of the flexible body 309, so that the overall mechanism can operate more smoothly. At the same time, the control accuracy of the first actuator 304, the second actuator 306, the third actuator 305 and the fourth actuator 303 on the orientation of the wind turbine blade 2 can also be improved. One end of the flexible body 309 in this embodiment is connected to the fourth actuator 303, and the other end of the flexible body 309 passes through the fourth movable pulley, the first actuator 304, the third movable pulley, the first guide pulley 310, the third actuator 305, the second guide pulley 311, the second movable pulley 308, the second actuator 306, the first movable pulley 307 in sequence and is connected to the upper platform 301. In this embodiment, when the flexible body 309 passes through the first actuator 304, the third actuator 305 and the second actuator 306, the flexible body 309 wraps around the first actuator 304, the third actuator 305 and the second actuator 306 for three to five turns respectively. In this embodiment, the fourth actuator 303 is used to directly adjust the length of the flexible body 309, and at the same time, the first actuator 304, the third actuator 305, and the second actuator 306 are operated to stabilize the orientation position of the wind turbine blade 2 or the blade clamp 1, so that the flexible body 309 on each side connected to the blade clamp 1 is extended or shortened, thereby achieving the purpose of adjusting the distance between the upper platform 301 and the blade clamp 1.

[0047] The preferred installation method of the wind turbine blades in the present invention is described below.

[0048] A blade (wind turbine blade) installation method is used to install a wind turbine blade 2 on a wind turbine hub 4 located at a nacelle on a wind turbine tower top, the installation method comprising:

[0049] S1. Connect the blade fixture 1 to the hook of the crane through the orientation adjustment mechanism 3, lift the blade fixture 1 through the crane, and adjust the position of the blade fixture 1.

[0050] S2. Sleeve the blade clamp 1 onto one end of the wind turbine blade 2, and lift the wind turbine blade 2 by a crane.

[0051] S3, control the blade fixture 1 through the orientation adjustment mechanism 3 to rotate the wind turbine blade 2 along the transverse axis direction of the wind turbine blade 2, and then adjust the position of the wind turbine blade 2. In this embodiment, the transverse axis direction of the wind turbine blade 2 is Figure 4, Figure 5 or Figure 6 The positive direction shown is the reference.

[0052] S4. Install the wind turbine blade 2 on the wind turbine hub 4 by locking the bolts.

[0053] S5. Remove the blade clamp 1. In this embodiment, the wind turbine nacelle yaw (not shown in the figure) is also included to adapt to the installation and removal of wind turbine blades 2 at different positions. The wind turbine blades 2 in this embodiment are the first wind turbine blade 201, the second wind turbine blade 202 and the third wind turbine blade 203. When the blade clamp 1 is lifted by the crane, at this time, the fourth actuator 303 operates to release the flexible body 309, and at the same time, the first actuator 304, the third actuator 305 and the second actuator 306 operate to adjust the length of the flexible body 309 connected to the first movable pulley 307, the second movable pulley 308, the third movable pulley and the fourth movable pulley to keep the blade clamp 1 in a horizontal state. At this time, the distance between the upper platform 301 and the blade clamp 1 continues to increase until the distance reaches 13m, and the first actuator 304, the second actuator 306, the third actuator 305 and the fourth actuator 303 stop operating. Then the crane drives the blade clamp 1 to move to the blade storage position, and first clamps the first wind turbine blade 201, lifts the first wind turbine blade 201 into the air, and then the first actuator 304 and the second actuator 306 operate, using the differential principle to shorten the part of the flexible body 309 connected to the second movable pulley 308 and the third movable pulley on the blade root side of the first wind turbine blade 201, and lengthen the part of the flexible body 309 connected to the first movable pulley 307 and the fourth movable pulley on the blade tip side of the first wind turbine blade 201. Figure 4As shown, the blade root of the first wind turbine blade 201 is raised and the blade tip is lowered until the horizontal axis of the first wind turbine blade 201 is about 85° with the horizontal direction, and then the crane drives the blade fixture 1 to move the first wind turbine blade 201 to the position directly below the vertical downward installation position of the wind turbine hub 4. After installation, the first wind turbine blade 201 is fixed to the wind turbine hub 4 by locking bolts, and finally the blade fixture 1 is removed. When the second wind turbine blade 202 needs to be installed, the wind turbine nacelle needs to be yawed clockwise by about 80°, and then the above steps of installing the first wind turbine blade 201 are repeated to install the second wind turbine blade 202 on the wind turbine hub 4. When the third wind turbine blade 203 needs to be installed, the wind turbine nacelle needs to be yawed counterclockwise by about 160°, and then the above steps of installing the first wind turbine blade 201 are repeated to fix the third wind turbine blade 203 on the wind turbine hub 4. In this embodiment, the transverse axis of the first wind turbine blade 201, the transverse axis of the second wind turbine blade 202 and the transverse axis of the third wind turbine blade 203 are parallel, the transverse axis of the first wind turbine blade 201 is perpendicular to the centerline direction of the first wind turbine blade 201, the transverse axis of the second wind turbine blade 202 is perpendicular to the centerline direction of the second wind turbine blade 202, and the transverse axis of the third wind turbine blade 203 is perpendicular to the centerline direction of the third wind turbine blade 203. The direction in which the second wind turbine blade 202 rotates around its transverse axis is the same as the direction in which the third wind turbine blade 203 rotates around its transverse axis, and the direction in which the first wind turbine blade 201 rotates around its transverse axis is opposite to the direction in which the second wind turbine blade 202 rotates around its transverse axis. The absolute value of the angle of rotation of the first wind turbine blade 201 around its transverse axis is 90°, and the absolute value of the angle of rotation of the second wind turbine blade 202 around its transverse axis and the absolute value of the angle of rotation of the third wind turbine blade 203 around its transverse axis are both 60°.

[0054] The preferred method for disassembling the wind turbine blades of the present invention is described below.

[0055] A blade (wind turbine blade) disassembly method is used to disassemble a wind turbine blade 2 from a wind turbine hub 4 at a nacelle on a wind turbine tower top, the disassembly method comprising:

[0056] S1. Connect the blade fixture 1 to the hook of the crane through the orientation adjustment mechanism 3, lift the blade fixture 1 through the crane, and adjust the position of the blade fixture 1.

[0057] S2. Sleeve the blade clamp 1 onto one end of the wind turbine blade 2 so that the blade clamp 1 clamps the wind turbine blade 2 .

[0058] S3 , removing the wind turbine blades 2 , and separating the wind turbine blades 2 from the wind turbine hub 4 .

[0059] S4. Adjust the position of the wind turbine blade 2.

[0060] S5. Place the wind turbine blade 2 and remove the blade fixture 1. In this embodiment, when removing the first wind turbine blade 201, the second wind turbine blade 202 or the third wind turbine blade 203, it is only necessary to connect the blade fixture 1 to the hook of the crane through the orientation adjustment mechanism 3 and appropriately adjust the position of the blade fixture 1. The adjustment method of the position of the blade fixture 1 here is the same as the adjustment method when installing the first wind turbine blade 201. Then, the blade fixture 1 clamps the first wind turbine blade 201, the second wind turbine blade 202 or the third wind turbine blade 203, and finally loosens the locking bolt to directly remove the first wind turbine blade 201, the second wind turbine blade 202 or the third wind turbine blade 203. The disassembly method of the wind turbine blade 2 in this embodiment is suitable for disassembling wind turbine blades 2 within the position of +60° to -240°. Specifically, when disassembling wind turbine blades 2 within the range of 0° to -180°, the distance between the upper platform 301 and the blade fixture 1 needs to be adjusted to 13m. When disassembling the wind turbine blade 2 within the range of 0° to +60° and -180° to -240°, it is necessary to adjust the distance between the upper platform 301 and the blade fixture 1 to 7 m.

[0061] In the present invention, in order to better adapt to the positions of different wind turbine blades 2, the present invention also provides a rotational action around the horizontal axis of the wind turbine blade 2 or blade fixture 1, and the principle is as follows: the third actuator 305 is operated, and the length of the flexible body 309 on both sides of the third actuator 305 is adjusted by using the differential principle, so that the wind turbine blade 2 or blade fixture 1 on the side where the flexible body 309 is shortened is raised, and the wind turbine blade 2 or blade fixture 1 on the side where the flexible body 309 is extended is lowered, thereby achieving the purpose of rotating the wind turbine blade 2 or blade fixture 1. While the third actuator 305 is operating, the first actuator 304 and the second actuator 306 are operated simultaneously to maintain the orientation position of the wind turbine blade 2 or blade fixture 1 around its transverse axis.

[0062] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the implementation mode and protection scope of the present invention.

[0063] The present invention also has the following embodiments based on the above-mentioned embodiments.

[0064] As an embodiment, the first guide pulley 310 and the second guide pulley 311 each include: a pulley 3101, a lateral rotation bracket 3102 and a fixed bracket 3103, wherein the pulley 3101 is mounted on the lateral rotation bracket 3102 via a pin 3104 and rotates along with the lateral rotation bracket 3102, and the lateral rotation bracket 3102 is disposed on the fixed bracket 3103 via a rotation shaft 3105, and the lateral rotation bracket 3102 can rotate relative to the fixed bracket 3103. The flexible body 309 passes through the axis of the rotation shaft 3105.

[0065] As an implementation, the net distance between the first actuator 304 and the second actuator 306 is the same as the net distance between the second movable pulley 308 and the third movable pulley, and the net distance between the second movable pulley 308 and the third movable pulley is the same as the net distance between the first movable pulley 307 and the fourth movable pulley.

[0066] As an implementation mode, the first movable pulley 307 and the fourth movable pulley are on the same horizontal plane, and the plane where the first movable pulley 307 and the fourth movable pulley are located is higher than the plane where the horizontal axis of the blade clamp 1 is located. In this embodiment, the net distance between the first movable pulley 307 and the second movable pulley 308 is greater than the net distance between the first movable pulley 307 and the fourth movable pulley. The net distance between the third movable pulley and the fourth movable pulley is greater than the net distance between the second movable pulley 308 and the third movable pulley. In this embodiment, the plane where the first movable pulley 307 and the fourth movable pulley are located is 0.8m higher than the plane where the horizontal axis of the blade clamp 1 is located.

[0067] As an implementation method, the second movable pulley 308 and the third movable pulley are on the same horizontal plane, and the plane where the second movable pulley 308 and the third movable pulley are located is lower than the plane where the horizontal axis of the blade clamp 1 is located. In this embodiment, the plane where the second movable pulley 308 and the third movable pulley are located is 3m lower than the plane where the horizontal axis of the blade clamp 1 is located.

[0068] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the implementation mode and protection scope of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, it should be aware that all solutions obtained by equivalent substitutions and obvious changes made using the description and illustrations of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hanger capable of adjusting the aerial posture of a wind turbine blade, characterized in that: include: A blade clamp and an orientation adjustment mechanism, wherein the blade clamp is connected to a hook of a crane via the orientation adjustment mechanism; The orientation adjustment mechanism comprises an upper platform, a plurality of actuators, a plurality of movable pulleys, a flexible body and a plurality of guide pulleys, the upper platform is connected to the hook, a plurality of the actuators and a plurality of the guide pulleys are respectively arranged on the upper platform, a plurality of the movable pulleys are respectively arranged on the blade clamp, and the flexible body connects a plurality of the actuators, a plurality of the movable pulleys, a plurality of the guide pulleys and the upper platform; The plurality of actuators include a first actuator, a second actuator, a third actuator, and a fourth actuator. wherein the first actuator and the second actuator are arranged on both sides of the upper platform, the third actuator is located between the first actuator and the second actuator, and the fourth actuator is located on one side of the first actuator; The plurality of guide pulleys include a first guide pulley and a second guide pulley, wherein the first guide pulley is located at the other side of the first actuator, and the second guide pulley is located at one side of the second actuator.

2. The hanger capable of adjusting the aerial posture of a wind turbine blade according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flexible body is one of a steel wire rope, a chain or a sling.

3. The hanger capable of adjusting the aerial posture of a wind turbine blade according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first actuator, the second actuator, the third actuator and the fourth actuator are all electric reels or hydraulic reels.

4. The hanger capable of adjusting the aerial posture of a wind turbine blade according to claim 1, characterized in that: The movable pulleys are provided with two or four.

5. A blade installation method for installing a wind turbine blade on a wind turbine hub located at a nacelle on a wind turbine tower top, characterized in that: The hanger capable of adjusting the aerial posture of a wind turbine blade according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the installation method comprises: S1, connecting the blade fixture to the hook of the crane through the orientation adjustment mechanism, lifting the blade fixture by the crane, and adjusting the position of the blade fixture; S2, sleeve the blade fixture on one end of the wind turbine blade, and lift the wind turbine blade by the crane; S3, controlling the blade fixture through the orientation adjustment mechanism to rotate the wind turbine blade along the transverse axis direction of the wind turbine blade, and then adjusting the position of the wind turbine blade; S4, installing the wind turbine blade on the wind turbine hub by locking bolts; S5. Remove the blade fixture.

6. A blade disassembly method for removing a wind turbine blade from a wind turbine hub at a nacelle on a wind turbine tower top, characterized in that: The hanger capable of adjusting the aerial posture of a wind turbine blade according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the disassembly method comprises: S1, connecting the blade fixture to the hook of the crane through the orientation adjustment mechanism, lifting the blade fixture by the crane, and adjusting the position of the blade fixture; S2, sleeve the blade clamp onto one end of the wind turbine blade, so that the blade clamp clamps the wind turbine blade; S3, removing the wind turbine blades, and separating the wind turbine blades from the wind turbine hub; S4, adjusting the position of the wind turbine blades; S5. Place the wind turbine blade and remove the blade fixture.

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