An automated design method for full-face tunnel blasting considering bench

Abstract

The present invention discloses a full-section tunnel blasting automation design method considering a gantry, including S1. calculating the shape and size of the tunnel section according to the simplex integration method, drawing the tunnel section contour line, and drawing the gantry with drawing software according to the size of the gantry and the relative position relationship with the section, taking the bottom center of the tunnel section as the origin of the coordinate system; S2. calculating the coordinate position of each blast hole according to the known blasting parameters and combining the hole arrangement algorithm, and outputting the blast hole arrangement diagram; S3. calculating the coordinates of the powder roll, detonator, and gun mud in the blast hole, and outputting the charge structure diagram; S4. using the cluster analysis method, optimizing the connection mode of the detonation network and outputting the detonation network diagram. The present invention calculates the position of each blast hole in the section based on the on-site gantry arrangement, realizes the precise positioning of the blast hole through coordinate calculation, and automatically outputs the blast hole arrangement diagram, charge structure diagram, detonation network diagram, and blasting parameter table according to the blasting scheme.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel blasting, and in particular to an automated design method for full-section tunnel blasting taking into account a gantry. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the rapid development of domestic and foreign infrastructure construction industries such as railways, highways and urban rail transit, the task of tunnel excavation and construction has become increasingly arduous. At present, the drilling and blasting method plays a very important role in many tunnel excavation projects, but there are some prominent problems in the arrangement of blastholes for tunnel blasting, such as: the arrangement of blastholes is only based on cumbersome algorithms and experience, which is inefficient and has large errors; when arranging holes according to the blasthole positions determined by theoretical calculations, the influence of the on-site gantry position on the hole arrangement construction is ignored; and after the holes are arranged, the connection method of the blasting network has relatively large errors due to the different experience levels of the construction personnel.

[0003] This paper proposes an automated blasthole arrangement scheme combined with the on-site gantry position, and realizes the automatic output of blasthole arrangement diagram, charge structure diagram and detonation network diagram. The present invention greatly simplifies the algorithm part of the traditional blasting design system, and obtains some basic parameters required for blasthole arrangement, including surrounding rock grade, Pusch coefficient, excavation footage, blasthole diameter, spacing, row spacing, charge roll diameter, charge amount, etc., all by manual input. This method greatly improves the feasibility of the design scheme and the flexibility of parameter selection, is more in line with the actual construction situation on site, and improves construction efficiency; and calculates the position of each blasthole in the section, realizes coordinate positioning, and provides a basis for outputting section information and optimizing the detonation network; clustering theory is used to optimize the detonation network, save manpower and material resources such as detonating materials, reduce explosion rejection and leakage, and play an important role in improving blasting quality and economic benefits. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and to provide an automated design method for full-face tunnel blasting taking into account a gantry.

[0005] The objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] An automated design method for full-face tunnel blasting considering a bench, comprising:

[0007] S1. Calculate the shape and size of the tunnel section according to the simplex integration method, draw the outline of the tunnel section, and draw the stand using drawing software based on the size of the stand and its relative position to the section, with the center of the bottom of the tunnel section as the origin of the coordinate system;

[0008] S2. Calculate the coordinates of each blast hole according to the known blasting parameters and the blast hole layout algorithm, and output the blast hole layout diagram;

[0009] S3. Calculate the coordinates of the powder roll, detonator, and gun mud in the blast hole, and output the charge structure diagram;

[0010] S4. Use cluster analysis method to optimize the connection mode of the detonation network and output the detonation network diagram.

[0011] Furthermore, in step S1, drawing the position of the scaffolding in the tunnel cross-section profile diagram includes:

[0012] The platform is composed of a platform body and a platform arm. First, the height and width of the platform body are determined, and the coordinate values ​​of the positions of each end point of the platform body are calculated accordingly; the platform body is drawn in the tunnel section contour diagram;

[0013] The platform arms are distributed on both sides of the platform body and connected to the platform body, forming a bilaterally symmetrical structure, and there is a gap between the platform arms and the tunnel section; the space formed by the length and height of the platform arms must meet the operating requirements of the operators;

[0014] Furthermore, the height setting of the main body of the platform on site is obtained by subtracting the required space height for the operators from the height of the tunnel.

[0015] Furthermore, the blasthole in step S2 includes a slot hole, a peripheral hole and an auxiliary hole.

[0016] Furthermore, the groove holes include spiral grooves and wedge grooves, and the wedge groove input parameters include: groove type, number of grooves, groove hole spacing, groove hole row spacing, distance between groove hole openings on both sides, distance from the groove area to the bottom surface, and preset platform width coefficient of the groove area.

[0017] Furthermore, the peripheral holes include bottom plate holes, side holes and top holes; when calculating the coordinates of the bottom plate holes, the blast hole in the lower left corner is first set as the initial blast hole, and the total number of bottom plate holes is the ratio of the section bottom plate width to the bottom plate hole spacing; for the side holes and the top holes, after the blast hole spacing is obtained, they are arranged in sequence on the tunnel section contour line; when the number of blast holes is an odd number, the coordinate position of the midpoint of the tunnel section contour line is first calculated and the blast holes are arranged, and then the midpoint coordinates of each sub-segment after the midpoint coordinate of the tunnel section contour line is divided into the line segment are calculated and the blast holes are arranged, and in this way, the line segments are continuously divided until the length of the sub-segment reaches the peripheral hole spacing value; when the number of blast holes is an even number, the blast hole coordinates are calculated in sequence from the initial point according to the blast hole spacing and the blast holes are arranged.

[0018] Furthermore, auxiliary holes are arranged on the inner side of the tunnel section contour line, including inner circle holes, side auxiliary holes and top auxiliary holes; the inner circle holes are arranged on the inner side of the tunnel section contour line, the top auxiliary holes are arranged on the inner upper part of the inner circle holes, and the side auxiliary holes are arranged on both sides of the inner side of the inner circle holes.

[0019] Furthermore, in step S3, the charge structure diagram of the blasthole is designed according to the charge type and charge quantity data of each blasthole on site; for each type of blasthole, the initial point and its coordinates are first determined. In the charge structure diagram, both the blasthole and the charge roll are approximately regarded as rectangles, and the coordinates of the two diagonal points of each rectangle are calculated to represent each rectangle; when the design of the charge structure diagram of the blasthole is completed through the program of the blasting design system, the data file of all blasting points constituting the charge structure diagram is output; after the corresponding drawing program reads the above data file, the corresponding charge structure diagram is generated.

[0020] Furthermore, in step S4, the K-means clustering algorithm is used to optimize the connection mode of the blasthole network, where n is the total number of blastholes, the number of clusters K is determined based on the number of working areas and the number of workers that can be provided by the on-site stand, and the distance error is calculated based on the coordinates of each blasthole and the coordinates of the corresponding cluster center position. The above data are brought into the calculation process of the K-means clustering algorithm, and finally the coordinates of the blastholes contained in each cluster after optimization are output, and these blasthole coordinates are connected together to obtain a blasting network diagram.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. The present invention uses the working condition information of the blasting site as the input to automatically design the blasting plan. The input parameters include surrounding rock grade, Pu-type coefficient, excavation footage, blasthole diameter, spacing, row spacing, charge roll diameter, charge amount, etc. The present invention greatly simplifies the algorithm part of the traditional blasting design system, greatly improves the feasibility of the design plan and the flexibility of parameter selection, is more in line with the actual construction conditions on site, and improves construction efficiency.

[0023] 2. The present invention calculates the position of each blasthole in the cross section based on the on-site gantry layout, realizes the precise positioning of the blastholes through coordinate calculation, and automatically outputs the blasthole layout diagram, charge structure diagram, detonation network diagram and blasting parameter table according to the blasting plan.

[0024] 3. The present invention adopts a clustering algorithm to optimize the layout of the blasting network connection mode, saves manpower and material resources such as blasting materials, reduces the situation of explosion rejection and leakage, and plays an important role in improving blasting quality and economic benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of the main part of the test bench.

[0026] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall stand structure.

[0027] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the slot hole arrangement.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom plate hole arrangement.

[0029] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the inner circle hole arrangement.

[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the top auxiliary hole.

[0031] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the auxiliary holes on the side.

[0032] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the slot hole charging structure.

[0033] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the peripheral hole charging structure.

[0034] Fig.10 It is the output file of charge structure design.

[0035] Fig.11 It is a cluster analysis flow chart.

[0036] Fig.12 It is the detonating network diagram. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0038] The present invention provides a full-face tunnel blasting automatic design method considering a bench, comprising:

[0039] S1. Calculate the shape and size of the tunnel section according to the simplex integration method, draw the tunnel section contour line, and draw the stand according to the size of the stand and its relative position to the section;

[0040] S2. Calculate the coordinate position of each blast hole based on the known blast hole spacing, blast hole row spacing, blast hole number, hole bottom distance, hole mouth distance and other blasting parameters, and output the blast hole layout diagram in combination with the hole layout algorithm;

[0041] S3. According to the charge structure of the blasthole, calculate the coordinate values ​​of the blasthole powder volume, detonator, and gun mud, and output the charge structure diagram;

[0042] S4. Use cluster analysis method to optimize the design of the detonation network and output the detonation network diagram.

[0043] Specifically, step S1:

[0044] According to the on-site scaffolding layout, the scaffolding position is drawn in the tunnel section contour diagram.

[0045] The platform is composed of a platform body and a platform arm. The height h and width b of the platform body are set. The height design of the platform body on site is generally obtained by subtracting the required space height for the operators from the height of the tunnel. It can meet the requirements of manual operation on the platform and the needs of driving under the platform. After obtaining the height h and width b of the platform body, the coordinate value of each point of the platform body can be calculated: a1(-b / 2,0), a2(-b / 2,h), a3(b / 2,h), a4(b / 2,0). See Figure 1 , the main part of the gantry can be arranged on the tunnel section through the above coordinate values.

[0046] The platform arm mainly supports the operators and equipment. It is distributed on both sides of the platform body and connected to the platform body. It has a bilaterally symmetrical structure, and there is a certain gap between the platform arm and the tunnel section. The length and height of the platform arm need to form enough space to meet the operating requirements of the operators. Figure 2 As shown, the coordinate point of the arm can be expressed as a5-a 10 To express it, its coordinates can be calculated: a5(-b / 2,h1), a6(-b / 2,h1+h2), a7(b / 2,h1+h2), a8(b / 2,h1), a9(-b / 2-l1,h1), a 10 (-b / 2-l2,h1+h2),a 11 (b / 2+l2,h1+h2),a 12 (b / 2+l1,h1). Through the coordinates of the key points of the above gantry, the gantry arm can also be represented, and finally a complete gantry schematic diagram is formed. Figure 2 .

[0047] Step S2: blasthole arrangement and coordinate calculation and output of blasthole arrangement diagram; blastholes include cutout holes, peripheral holes and auxiliary holes.

[0048] (201) Arrangement of slot holes

[0049] There are two methods for arranging slot holes: spiral slotting and wedge slotting. In tunnel blasting engineering applications, the slot holes of wedge slots are oblique to the cross section, and the projected area on the cross section is larger, so the slot blasting effect is better and it is widely used in engineering. Therefore, the arrangement algorithm of wedge slots is introduced in detail. This embodiment takes the three-level wedge slot as an example, and the following parameters need to be considered and used as input parameters: slot type, number of slots, slot hole spacing m, slot hole row spacing n, slot hole opening distance b' on both sides, and distance h from the slot area to the bottom surface. t , the preset width coefficient of the gantry in the slotting area is r. The row spacing of slotting holes is n, which is the horizontal distance between two adjacent rows of slotting holes. The hole opening distance b' is the distance between the orifices of two blastholes in symmetrical positions.

[0050] like Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the center position of the tunnel section is set as the initial coordinate O(0,0), and considering the influence of the gantry position on the hole arrangement, the distance b' between the two sides of the slot hole opening can be determined by the following formula:

[0051] b′=rb

[0052] In the formula: r is the empirical coefficient, which ranges from 0.8 to 1, and b is the width of the main body of the test bench.

[0053] For the first cut hole t 11 (x 11 ,y 11 ), its coordinates can be determined by the following formula:

[0054] x 11 = -b′ / 2

[0055] y 11 =h t

[0056] After obtaining the coordinates of the first slot hole, for the coordinates of the second slot hole in the first row, the x value of the first coordinate can be kept unchanged, and the y value can be obtained by adding the corresponding spacing, that is:

[0057] x 12 = -b′ / 2

[0058] y 12 =h t +m

[0059] For the coordinates of the first slot hole in the second row, the x value of the first slot hole in the first row can be subtracted from the corresponding row spacing, and the y value remains unchanged, that is:

[0060] x 21 = -b′ / 2-n

[0061] y 21 =h t

[0062] By analogy, for the jth slot hole in the i-th row, its coordinate value can be expressed as:

[0063] x ij = -b′ / 2-(i-1)n

[0064] y ij =h t +(j-1)m

[0065] That is, for the cutout hole on the left side of the centerline:

[0066] t ij =[-b′ / 2-(i-1)n,h t+(j-1)m]

[0067] For the cutout hole on the right side of the centerline:

[0068] t ij =[b′ / 2+(i-1)n,h+(j-1)m]

[0069] The position coordinates of all the cutout holes can be expressed in the above manner.

[0070] (202) The arrangement of peripheral holes, the peripheral holes including bottom plate holes, side holes and top holes.

[0071] like Figure 4 As shown, when calculating the coordinates of the bottom plate holes, the blast hole at the lower left corner is first set as the initial blast hole t0(0,0).

[0072] The total number of bottom plate holes s can be calculated according to the following formula:

[0073] s=B / m1

[0074] Where: B is the width of the section bottom plate; m1 is the spacing between the bottom plate holes.

[0075] Of course, in most cases, s cannot be calculated to an integer, so the remainder needs to be calculated:

[0076] l=mod(B,m1)

[0077] like but "int" means integer;

[0078] like but

[0079] Then the two coordinate values ​​from the first to the i-th (i≤s) blastholes are:

[0080] x i =im

[0081] y i =0

[0082] For the side holes and top holes in the peripheral holes, after obtaining the blasthole spacing, they can be arranged in sequence on the contour line. When the number of blastholes s is an odd number, first calculate the coordinate position of the midpoint of the contour line (x i ,y i ) and arrange the blastholes, and then calculate the points (x i ,y i) After the line segment is divided, the midpoint coordinates of the sub-segment are calculated and the blast holes are arranged. The line segment is continuously divided in this way until the length of the sub-segment reaches the value of the surrounding hole spacing; when s is an even number, the blast hole coordinates are calculated in sequence from the initial point according to the blast hole spacing and the blast holes are arranged.

[0083] (203) Arrangement of auxiliary holes

[0084] First, the inner circle auxiliary holes are designed. After inputting the data of the minimum resistance line (i.e., the thickness of the light explosion layer W1), the contour line of the inner circle auxiliary holes can be generated based on the tunnel section contour line. The subsequent hole layout design can be directly carried out on the inner circle hole contour line, such as Figure 5 shown.

[0085] After obtaining the data of the inner circle hole spacing, the number of blast holes can be calculated based on the contour line length. It should be noted that the two inner circle holes at the bottom on the left and right sides may overlap with the bottom plate holes, so they can be subtracted during calculation.

[0086] For the top auxiliary holes, the bench is used as the reference point during layout, such as Figure 6 As shown, according to the actual situation on site, after knowing the height h of the gantry body and the relative position distance h' between the top auxiliary hole and the gantry body, the contour line of the top auxiliary hole can be directly drawn, and then the holes can be arranged according to the number of top auxiliary holes. If the number s' of top auxiliary holes is an odd number, the first blast hole is first arranged at the center of the contour line, and then (s'-1) / 2 blast holes are arranged on both sides according to the spacing. If the number s' of top auxiliary holes is an even number, the holes are arranged from one end of the contour line, and s' blast holes are arranged according to the spacing.

[0087] In the arrangement of the auxiliary holes on the side walls, first of all, the spacing m between the inner circle holes and the auxiliary holes on the side walls should be calculated. f Determine the contour line of the side holes, and arrange the holes on the contour line according to the number and spacing of the blast holes. It should be noted that the position of the side auxiliary holes is not absolutely fixed, and needs to be adjusted according to the actual situation on site. Even in different blasting cycles, the spacing and number will change. Therefore, in the design of the side auxiliary holes of the blasting system, it is only necessary to design the approximate position, such as Figure 7 The coordinates of the blastholes are read through a computer program and a dxf file is output.

[0088] Step S3: Calculate the coordinates of the characteristic points in the charge structure and output the charge structure diagram;

[0089] The charge structure diagram can be designed based on the charge type, charge quantity and other data of each type of blasthole on site. For each type of blasthole, first determine the initial point and its coordinates O(0,0). In the charge structure diagram, both the blasthole and the charge roll can be approximately regarded as a rectangle. Therefore, for each rectangle, as long as the coordinates of the two diagonal points are calculated, the rectangle can be represented. For example, the diagonal points A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2) of the rectangle can represent the rectangle. Figure 8 shown.

[0090] like Figure 8 As shown, for the large rectangle of the blasthole, the initial point is O(0,0), and the coordinates of the other point are Q(l a ,d2). For the gun mud, the point in the upper right corner coincides with the gun hole, so the coordinate values ​​are the same. After knowing the gun mud length l3, the coordinates of another point in the gun mud rectangle can be calculated more conveniently

[0091] x p = l a -l c

[0092] Therefore, the coordinates of the diagonal points of the blasthole rectangle are O(0,0) and Q(l a ,d2), the coordinates of the diagonal points of the rectangular cannon mud are P(l a -l c ,0) and Q(l a ,d2). For the first medicine roll, its coordinate value is

[0093] x m =0

[0094] y m =(d2-d1) / 2

[0095] x n = l b

[0096] y n =[d2-(d2-d1) / 2]=(d1+d2) / 2

[0097] For the following medicine rolls, they are all y m and n The coordinate value remains unchanged, x m and x n The coordinate value plus the length of the medicine roll l b Therefore, for the i-th medicine volume, it can be represented by the coordinates of two diagonal points, which are [l b (i-1),(d2-d1) / 2] and [l b i,(d1+d2) / 2].

[0098] The position of the detonator is determined by the detonation method. In most cases, the detonation method used is reverse detonation, that is, the detonation point of the detonator is placed at the bottom of the charge, and the detonation is transmitted to the hole mouth. This method is better than the forward detonation with the detonation point set at the top of the charge. It is mainly manifested in: the utilization rate of the blasthole increases as the detonation point moves toward the bottom of the charge. The degree of increase is related to the properties of the explosives, the properties of the rock, and the depth of the blasthole. When the charge per unit volume is the same, the reverse detonation can reduce the bulk rate, etc. Therefore, for the detonator, the reverse detonation is considered first. And because of its small size, it does not need to be regarded as a rectangle, and it is only necessary to indicate the coordinates of its detonation point. Therefore, during reverse detonation, the detonator is placed at the bottom of the first roll of explosives, and the coordinates are (0, d2 / 2). Similarly, during forward detonation, the coordinates of the detonator are (l b i,d2 / 2).

[0099] The charging method of the auxiliary hole is similar to that of the slot hole, with slight differences in the length of the blasthole and the number of charging rolls, so I will not go into details.

[0100] The charging structure of peripheral holes is different from that of slot holes. First of all, the model of explosives is generally smaller than the diameter of the cord of slot holes, and the charging amount is also smaller. In terms of detonation method, in addition to detonator detonation, detonating cord detonation is also assisted. In terms of charging method, most of them adopt the method of interval charging.

[0101] When designing the charge structure, the gun mud and detonator in the blasthole can still be calculated according to the calculation formula for the slot hole. For the charge roll, in addition to the change in the diameter of the charge roll itself, it is also necessary to consider the charge interval r between the charge rolls, such as Fig. 9 shown.

[0102] Therefore, the corresponding x-coordinate will change, that is, the horizontal coordinate value of the i-th medicine volume:

[0103] x mi =(l a +r)(i-1)

[0104] x ni = l a +(r+l a )(i-1)

[0105] Therefore, in the peripheral hole charge structure, the i-th charge roll can be represented by this coordinate [(l a +r)(i-1),(d2-d1) / 2] and [l a +(r+l a )(i-1),(d1+d2) / 2].

[0106] When the blasting design system program completes the design of the blasthole charge structure diagram, it will output a data file of all the points that make up the charge structure diagram. The file content and output format are as follows: Fig.10 As shown. The first line in the file indicates the total number of charge structure diagrams, and the remaining lines indicate the name of the blasthole, charge type, blasthole length, gun mud length, charge roll diameter, blasthole diameter, number of detonators, and number of charge sections from left to right. After the corresponding drawing program reads this file, the corresponding charge structure diagram can be generated.

[0107] Step S4: Initiate network design

[0108] The K-means clustering algorithm was proposed by JB MacQueen in 1967. The K-means clustering algorithm is a typical distance-based hard clustering algorithm. The algorithm usually uses the error square sum function as the optimization objective function. The definition of the error square sum function is shown in the following formula:

[0109]

[0110] Among them, K represents the number of clusters, C j (j=1,2,…,K) represents the jth cluster of clustering, and x represents cluster C j Any data object in m j Represents cluster C j Obviously, E represents the sum of the squares of the differences between the data samples and the cluster centers, and the size of the E value depends on the K cluster centers. Obviously, the smaller the E value, the better the quality of the clustering result.

[0111] The basic idea of ​​the K-means algorithm is to first randomly select K data objects from a data set containing n data objects as the initial center, and then calculate the distance from each data object to each center. According to the nearest neighbor principle, all data objects will be divided into clusters represented by the center closest to it, and then calculate the mean of the data objects in each newly generated cluster as the new center of each cluster, and compare the new center with the center obtained last time. If the new center has not changed, the algorithm converges and outputs the result. If the new center has changed compared to the previous center, all data objects must be re-divided according to the new center. Until the convergence condition of the algorithm is met.

[0112] The main process of the K-means clustering algorithm is described as follows:

[0113] Input: K value and a data set X containing n data objects. In this embodiment, X refers to the coordinates of each blast hole position mentioned above.

[0114] Output: K classes that minimize the sum of squared errors.

[0115] 1) Randomly select K data objects from a data set X containing n data objects as the initial clustering centers;

[0116] 2) Calculate the distance from each data object in the data set to each cluster center (usually using the Euclidean distance), divide the data objects one by one into the cluster represented by the cluster center closest to them according to the nearest neighbor principle, and calculate the value of the error square sum function E according to formula (1);

[0117] 3) Update the cluster center, that is, calculate the mean of all data objects in each cluster as the new center of each cluster, and use the new cluster center to calculate the value of the error square sum function E;

[0118] 4) Compare the E value calculated in step 3) with the E value calculated in the previous time. If the absolute value of the difference between the two is less than or equal to the preset threshold, that is, the clustering criterion function converges, then go to step 5), otherwise go to step 2);

[0119] 5) Output K clusters.

[0120] The time complexity of the K-means clustering algorithm is O(n KT), where n represents the number of data objects in the data set X, K represents the number of clusters, and T represents the number of iterations. Usually K≤n, T≤n, so O(n) is usually used to represent the complexity of the K-means clustering algorithm.

[0121] The main workflow of the K-means clustering algorithm can be used Fig.11 express.

[0122] The K-means clustering algorithm is used to connect the blastholes. n is the total number of blastholes. The number of clusters K is determined according to the number of working areas and workers that can be provided by the on-site bench. In this example, K is 7. In the introduction of the blasthole arrangement algorithm, the position coordinates of each blasthole have been obtained. The distance error is calculated based on the blasthole coordinates (x i ,y i ) and the coordinates of the corresponding cluster center position, and combine these data with the above process Fig.11 In the final output, the coordinates of the blastholes contained in each cluster after optimization are connected together to obtain the detonation network diagram, such as Fig.12 Theoretically, after each blast hole is charged, it is connected according to this scheme, which can make the detonating cord connection length the shortest and achieve the best effect, thus achieving cost reduction and efficiency improvement in the connection of the detonation network.

[0123] The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. The above description of the specific embodiments is intended to describe and illustrate the technical solution of the present invention. The above specific embodiments are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Without departing from the scope of the present invention and the scope of protection of the claims, a person of ordinary skill in the art can also make many forms of specific changes under the guidance of the present invention, which all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A full-face tunnel blasting automation design method considering a gantry, characterized in that: include: S1. Calculate the shape and size of the tunnel section according to the simplex integration method, draw the tunnel section contour line, and draw the stand using drawing software based on the size of the stand and the relative position relationship with the section, taking the center of the bottom of the tunnel section as the origin of the coordinate system; the stand is composed of a stand body and a stand arm, first determine the height and width of the stand body, and calculate the coordinate values ​​of the positions of each end point of the stand body accordingly; draw the stand body in the tunnel section contour diagram; The platform arms are distributed on both sides of the platform body and connected to the platform body, forming a bilaterally symmetrical structure, and there is a gap between the platform arms and the tunnel section; the space formed by the length and height of the platform arms must meet the operating requirements of the operators; the height setting of the platform body on site is obtained by subtracting the required space height for the operators from the height of the tunnel; S2. Calculate the coordinates of each blast hole according to the known blasting parameters and the blast hole layout algorithm, and output the blast hole layout diagram; S3. Calculate the coordinates of the powder roll, detonator, and gun mud in the blast hole, and output the charge structure diagram; S4. Use cluster analysis method to optimize the connection mode of the blasting network and output the blasting network diagram; use K-means clustering algorithm to optimize the connection mode of the blasthole network, n is the total number of blastholes, the number of clusters K is determined according to the number of working areas and the number of workers that can be provided by the on-site rig, and the distance error is calculated based on the coordinates of each blasthole and the coordinates of the corresponding cluster center position. The above data are brought into the calculation process of K-means clustering algorithm, and finally the coordinates of the blastholes contained in each cluster after optimization are output, and these blasthole coordinates are connected together to obtain the blasting network diagram.

2. The method for automatic design of full-face tunnel blasting considering a gantry according to claim 1, characterized in that: The blastholes in step S2 include slot holes, peripheral holes and auxiliary holes.

3. The method for automatic design of full-face tunnel blasting considering a gantry according to claim 2 is characterized in that: Grooving holes include spiral grooves and wedge grooves. The input parameters of wedge grooves include: groove type, number of grooves, groove hole spacing, groove hole row spacing, distance between groove hole openings on both sides, distance from the groove area to the bottom surface, and preset stand width coefficient of the groove area.

4. The method for automatic design of full-face tunnel blasting considering a gantry according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The peripheral holes include bottom plate holes, side holes and top holes. When calculating the bottom plate hole coordinates, the blast hole at the bottom left corner is first set as the initial blast hole. The total number of bottom plate holes is the ratio of the bottom plate width of the section to the spacing between the bottom plate holes. For the side holes and top holes, after the blasthole spacing is obtained, they are arranged in sequence on the tunnel section contour line; when the number of blastholes is an odd number, first calculate the coordinate position of the midpoint of the tunnel section contour line and arrange the blastholes, then calculate the midpoint coordinates of each sub-segment after the midpoint coordinate of the tunnel section contour line is divided into a line segment and arrange the blastholes, and continue to divide the line segment in this way until the length of the sub-segment reaches the surrounding hole spacing value; when the number of blastholes is an even number, calculate the blasthole coordinates in sequence from the initial point according to the blasthole spacing and arrange the blastholes.

5. The method for automatic design of full-face tunnel blasting considering a gantry according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The auxiliary holes are arranged on the inner side of the tunnel section contour line, including inner circle holes, side auxiliary holes and top auxiliary holes; the inner circle holes are arranged on the inner side of the tunnel section contour line, the top auxiliary holes are arranged on the inner upper part of the inner circle holes, and the side auxiliary holes are arranged on both sides of the inner side of the inner circle holes.

6. The method for automatic design of full-face tunnel blasting considering a gantry according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the charge structure diagram of the blasthole is designed according to the charge type and charge quantity data of each blasthole on site; for each type of blasthole, the initial point and its coordinates are first determined. In the charge structure diagram, both the blasthole and the charge roll are approximately regarded as rectangles, and the coordinates of the two diagonal points of each rectangle are calculated to represent each rectangle; after the design of the charge structure diagram of the blasthole is completed through the program of the blasting design system, the data file of all blasting points constituting the charge structure diagram is output; after the corresponding drawing program reads the above data file, the corresponding charge structure diagram is generated.

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