A tunneling method that can utilize existing underground caverns to excavate and avoid interference

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of tunnel technology and discloses a method for tunnel excavation that utilizes existing underground caverns for excavation and avoids interference. By adjusting the layout of the tunnel's pilot tunnels, a suitable height difference is created between most of the pilot tunnels and the central slab above the obstacle in the existing underground caverns, allowing for the installation of a suitable ramp. The excavated soil is then loaded onto trucks and moved along the ramp to the central slab for transport. For pilot tunnels where a ramp cannot be installed, a crane is used to lift the soil-carrying vehicles along the hoisting hole of the inverted arch penetrating the pilot tunnel to the ramp, and then onto the central slab for transport. This solves the problem of existing underground caverns affecting tunnel excavation, allowing tunnel excavation to begin from the existing underground caverns without stopping their operation. Compared to excavating separate vertical shafts and cross passages, this method reduces construction costs and time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tunnels, and in particular to a tunnel dark excavation method which can utilize existing underground caverns for excavation and avoid interference. Background Art

[0002] Modern cities have spawned a lot of demand for underground caverns, including subways, stations, basements, various tunnels, etc. These underground caverns are shallowly buried and not suitable for open excavation (open excavation requires ground demolition and is costly), so shallow buried dark excavation is often used for construction.

[0003] When digging tunnels using the shallow buried tunneling method, the common practice is to dig a vertical shaft first, then dig a horizontal channel in the horizontal direction, and then dig the required tunnel perpendicular to the horizontal channel. The excavated soil is transported to the ground along the horizontal channel and the vertical shaft. During the excavation process, advance support is first carried out with an advance small guide tube, and then a section is dug and the lining is constructed. When the cross-section of the tunnel is large, in order to avoid danger during the excavation process, multiple parallel pilot holes are dug and lined separately, and finally these pilot holes are combined into one.

[0004] Many tunnels are supporting structures of another underground cavern, with one end connected to the side wall of the corresponding underground cavern. If the underground cavern has been completed and has an excavated passage, the corresponding tunnel can be constructed using this underground cavern as the starting point, without the need to dig additional shafts and cross passages. A typical example is the air duct of a subway station. The corresponding subway station is often constructed earlier and put into use earlier, and the subway station has its own shaft during construction.

[0005] However, there is an unavoidable problem in digging a tunnel using the existing underground cavern that was put into use earlier as the starting point. There are often some obstacles in the underground cavern that was put into use earlier that are difficult to bypass. If they are to be removed, it will affect the use of the underground cavern. For example, the air duct of Beitaipingzhuang Station on Line 19 of the Beijing Subway involved in the present invention has its end located in the track area of ​​the subway station (the space where the subway train passes through). The track area blocks the excavation route of the air duct, and the excavated soil cannot be transported smoothly. If normal construction is required, the subway needs to be stopped. Moreover, the location of this air duct cannot be changed to another place, because the air duct itself serves the passengers on the train. In this case, if you want to continue construction, you can only abandon this method of excavation from the subway station, and dig vertical shafts and cross passages for construction, which will increase construction costs and extend the construction period.

[0006] In addition, the meanings of some misleading terms involved in the present invention are as follows:

[0007] Invert: The lining at the bottom of a tunnel / pilot tunnel is usually in the shape of an inverted arch, but even if it is not an inverted arch, it is still called an inverted arch;

[0008] Floor: The plate at the bottom of an underground cavern that is in direct contact with the ground;

[0009] Middle plate: A general term for all floor plates other than the bottom plate in a multi-layer underground cavern. There can be more than one layer. Summary of the invention

[0010] The invention provides a tunnel dark excavation method which can utilize existing underground caverns for excavation and avoid interference.

[0011] The technical problem to be solved is: when excavating a tunnel with an existing underground cavern as the starting point, the existing underground cavern needs to be stopped from being used to avoid interfering with the transportation of soil out of the tunnel.

[0012] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: a tunnel dark excavation method that can utilize the existing underground caverns to excavate and avoid interference, which is used to construct a tunnel extending outward from the existing underground caverns, wherein the existing underground caverns have a transfer channel that can transfer objects in the underground caverns to the ground, and obstacles blocking the tunnel exit, wherein the dark excavation method is a multi-guide hole shallow buried dark excavation method, wherein the guide holes during excavation include three layers, wherein the guide holes at the bottom layer of each layer are recorded as the bottom layer guide holes, the guide holes adjacent to the bottom layer guide holes above and below are recorded as the second bottom layer guide holes, and the guide holes above the second bottom layer guide holes are recorded as the non-interference guide holes; the dark excavation method comprises the following steps:

[0013] Step 1: Select an anti-interference middle plate, which is the lowest middle plate among the middle plates located above the obstacle in the existing underground cavern;

[0014] Step 2: Adjust the size and arrangement of the guide tunnels so that the secondary guide tunnel can be divided into two parts when the anti-interference middle plate extends to the secondary guide tunnel, and the vertical distance between the invert of the non-interference guide tunnel and the anti-interference middle plate is greater than the height of the vehicle for transporting soil;

[0015] Step 3: Open a horse head door on the side wall of the existing underground cavern, excavate a non-interference pilot tunnel starting from the existing underground cavern, and transfer the soil of the non-interference pilot tunnel to the anti-interference middle plate along the downward slope after loading, and then transfer to the ground along the transfer channel; the downward slope is a slope extending downward from the invert arch of the lowest non-interference pilot tunnel to the anti-interference middle plate;

[0016] Step 4: Open a horse-head door on the side wall of the existing underground cavern, excavate a secondary bottom pilot tunnel starting from the existing underground cavern, and load the soil of the secondary bottom pilot tunnel onto the anti-interference middle plate along the climbing slope extending upward from the invert of the secondary bottom pilot tunnel to the anti-interference middle plate, and finally transport it to the ground along the transfer channel; when the soil-carrying vehicle cannot climb along the climbing slope, the soil is transported to the non-interference pilot tunnel along the hanging hole on the invert of the non-interference pilot tunnel by a crane, and then transported to the anti-interference middle plate along the downward slope, and finally transported to the ground along the transfer channel;

[0017] Step 5: Open a horse-head door on the side wall of the existing underground cavern, and excavate the bottom guide tunnel starting from the existing underground cavern. The soil of the bottom guide tunnel is loaded into a truck and transferred to the non-interference guide tunnel by a crane along the vertically aligned hanging holes on the invert arch of the non-interference guide tunnel and the second bottom guide tunnel, and then transferred to the anti-interference middle plate along the downward slope, and finally transferred to the ground along the transfer channel.

[0018] Furthermore, the existing underground cavern is a subway station, the tunnel is an air duct of the subway station, the transfer passage is a shaft of the subway station, and the obstacle is a track area of ​​the subway.

[0019] Furthermore, the downward slope includes a platform plate that extends horizontally from the edge of the inverted arch of the lowest non-interference guide tunnel into the existing underground cavern and is fixedly connected to the inverted arch, and a ramp that extends downward from the edge of the platform plate, and the extension direction of the ramp is parallel to the side wall of the cavern where the horse head gate is located.

[0020] Furthermore, the platform plate and the ramp are both steel grids with anti-slip steel plates anchored on the surface, pillars are arranged at intervals at the bottom of the ramp, guardrails are arranged at the edges of the platform plate and the ramp, and a retaining plate is arranged at the bottom of the guardrail in the existing underground cavern to prevent soil from falling and injuring people in the existing underground cavern.

[0021] Furthermore, the excavation process in step three is as follows: first, a section of non-interference guide tunnel is excavated and a section of guide tunnel support is constructed without a downward slope, and then the downward slope is installed and excavation continues. Before installing the downward slope, the soil of the non-interference guide tunnel is hoisted from the tunnel entrance or poured into the car on the anti-interference middle plate, and then transferred to the ground along the transfer channel. After installing the downward slope, the soil of the non-interference guide tunnel is loaded on the car and transferred to the anti-interference middle plate along the downward slope, and then transferred to the ground along the transfer channel.

[0022] Furthermore, the climbing slope is a soil slope or a steel-shaped horseway, and the climbing slope is paved with anti-skid steel plates or conveyor belts.

[0023] Further, the excavation process in step 4 is as follows: first, under the premise of no climbing slope, a sub-bottom-level guide tunnel is excavated by the two-step method within the range of the advance small guide tube drilled in front of the horse head gate, and recorded as the starting section. In the two steps of the starting section, the interface between the upper and lower steps is flush with the upper surface of the anti-interference middle plate. The soil of the upper step is loaded and pushed onto the anti-interference middle plate, and then transferred to the ground along the transfer channel; the soil of the lower step is transferred to the non-interference guide tunnel by a crane along the hanging hole on the invert of the non-interference guide tunnel, and then transferred to the anti-interference middle plate along the downward slope. Finally, it is transferred to the ground along the transfer channel; after the excavation of the initial section is completed, the lining is constructed, and then the climbing slope is installed and excavation continues; after the climbing slope is installed, the soil of the secondary bottom guide tunnel is loaded onto the truck and climbs along the climbing slope extending from the invert of the secondary bottom guide tunnel to the anti-interference middle plate to the anti-interference middle plate, and finally transferred to the ground along the transfer channel; when the soil-carrying vehicle cannot climb along the climbing slope, it is transferred to the non-interference guide tunnel through the hanging hole on the invert of the non-interference guide tunnel by a crane, and then transferred to the anti-interference middle plate along the downward slope, and finally transferred to the ground along the transfer channel.

[0024] Furthermore, a steel frame fixedly connected to the inverted arch is arranged around the hanging hole to prevent the opening of the hanging hole from affecting the strength of the inverted arch.

[0025] Furthermore, the crane is an electric hoist arranged on a gantry.

[0026] Furthermore, the hanging hole and the climbing slope are arranged side by side in a direction perpendicular to the side wall of the cavern or are located at the bottom of the climbing slope, and the gantry is located directly above the hanging hole.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the tunneling method of the present invention, which can utilize the existing underground caverns to excavate and avoid interference, has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] In the present invention, by adjusting the arrangement of the guide holes of the tunnel, there is a height difference between most of the guide holes and the middle plate above the obstacle in the existing underground cavern, which is suitable for setting a slope. Then the excavated soil is loaded onto a truck and moved along the slope to the middle plate for transportation. For the guide holes where a slope cannot be set, a crane is used to lift the soil-carrying vehicle along the hanging hole to the slope and then slide it onto the middle plate for transportation. This solves the problem that the existing underground cavern in operation affects the excavation of the tunnel. Tunnels can be excavated with the existing underground cavern as the starting point without stopping the use of the existing underground cavern, and the construction cost and construction period are reduced compared to the construction of separate vertical shafts and horizontal passages. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a tunneling method of the present invention that can utilize existing underground caverns to excavate and avoid interference;

[0030] Figure 2It is a route map for transporting soil from the non-interference pilot tunnel along the downward slope to the anti-interference middle plate;

[0031] In the figure, 11-non-interference guide tunnel, 12-secondary bottom guide tunnel, 13-bottom guide tunnel, 2-cave side wall, 3-anti-interference middle plate, 4-hanging tunnel, 5-crane, 6-downward slope, 7-climbing slope. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] Take the piston exhaust duct of Beitaipingzhuang Station of Beijing Subway Line 19 to which the present invention is applied as an example. Figure 1-2 As shown, a tunnel dark excavation method that can utilize existing underground caverns to excavate and avoid interference is used to construct a tunnel extending outward from the existing underground cavern. The existing underground cavern has a transfer channel that can transfer objects in the underground cavern to the ground, and obstacles blocking the tunnel exit. The dark excavation method is a multi-guide hole shallow buried dark excavation method. The guide holes during excavation include three layers. Among the guide holes in each layer, the bottom guide hole is recorded as the bottom guide hole 13, the guide holes adjacent to the bottom guide hole 13 are recorded as the second bottom guide hole 12, and the guide hole above the second bottom guide hole 12 is recorded as the non-interference guide hole 11; the dark excavation method includes the following steps:

[0033] Step 1: Select the anti-interference middle plate 3, which is the lowest middle plate among the middle plates located above the obstacle in the existing underground cavern;

[0034] During the construction, it was found that for underground caverns, since the bottom plate has the strongest bearing capacity, those components that are difficult to move are set on the bottom plate, and the components on the middle plate are movable. If they block the tunnel exit, they can be directly moved away. Therefore, when excavating the tunnel, the guide tunnel below will encounter obstacles that cannot be removed. Selecting an anti-interference middle plate 3 to physically separate the route for transporting soil from the obstacle can completely avoid the impact of the obstacle. Because this obstacle may contain some movable things. For example, in this embodiment, the existing underground cavern is a subway station, the tunnel is the air duct of the subway station, the transfer channel is the shaft of the subway station, and the obstacle is the subway track area. Subway trains pass through the track area from time to time. If the anti-interference middle plate 3 is not used to separate it, collisions are likely to occur during soil transportation.

[0035] Step 2: Adjust the size and arrangement of the guide tunnels so that the anti-interference middle plate 3 can divide the secondary bottom guide tunnel 12 into two parts when extending to the secondary bottom guide tunnel 12, and the vertical distance between the invert of the non-interference guide tunnel 11 and the anti-interference middle plate 3 is greater than the height of the vehicle for transporting soil;

[0036] Here, the vertical distance between the anti-interference middle plate 3 and the inverted arch of the non-interference guide tunnel 11 represents the slope height of the downward slope 6 and the height of the gap available for the soil-carrying vehicles in the secondary guide tunnel 12 to climb out; and the vertical distance between the anti-interference middle plate 3 and the inverted arch of the secondary guide tunnel 12 represents the slope height of the climbing slope 7 and the height of the part of the secondary guide tunnel 12 located below the anti-interference middle plate 3.

[0037] The larger the vertical spacing between the anti-interference middle plate 3 and the invert of the secondary bottom guide tunnel 12, the smaller the proportion of the soil of the bottom guide tunnel 13 (difficult to unearth) in the whole tunnel, but at the same time, it will cause the vehicle of soil transport to climb more difficultly and may get stuck in the cave entrance when climbing on the climbing slope 7. After all, the power of the car that can be used in the guide tunnel is limited (in the present embodiment, the vehicle of soil transport is an open-bucket tram with a lifting lug, and the vehicle can be lifted together when soil needs to be lifted), the climbing ability is not strong, and the length of the climbing slope 7 is limited (limited by the length of the leading small conduit from the horse head gate). Therefore, when designing, on the premise of ensuring that the vehicle of soil transport can smoothly reach the anti-interference middle plate 3 along the climbing slope 7, the vertical spacing between the anti-interference middle plate 3 and the invert of the secondary bottom guide tunnel 12 is maximized as much as possible.

[0038] Step 3: Open a horse head door on the side wall 2 of the existing underground cavern, excavate the non-interference guide tunnel 11 starting from the existing underground cavern, and transfer the soil of the non-interference guide tunnel 11 to the anti-interference middle plate 3 along the downward slope 6 after loading, and then transfer it to the ground along the transfer channel; the downward slope 6 is a slope extending downward from the inverted arch of the lowest non-interference guide tunnel 11 to the anti-interference middle plate 3;

[0039] The unearthing of the non-interference guide tunnel 11 will not be interfered with in the whole process, and because it is downhill, the vehicle for transporting soil will not be stuck on the slope.

[0040] Step 4: Open a horse head door on the cavern side wall 2 of the existing underground cavern, excavate the secondary bottom guide tunnel 12 with the existing underground cavern as the starting point, and after the soil of the secondary bottom guide tunnel 12 is loaded, it climbs up along the climbing slope 7 extending upward from the inverted arch of the secondary bottom guide tunnel 12 to the anti-interference middle plate 3, and finally transports it to the ground along the transfer channel; when the soil-carrying vehicle cannot climb along the climbing slope 7, it is transported to the non-interference guide tunnel 11 along the hanging hole 4 on the inverted arch of the non-interference guide tunnel 11 by the crane 5, and then transported to the anti-interference middle plate 3 along the downward slope 6, and finally transported to the ground along the transfer channel;

[0041] When transporting soil from the secondary bottom guide hole 12, if too much is loaded on a vehicle or the wheels press on the scattered soil on the slope, the vehicle carrying soil may not be able to climb up. At this time, it is directly hoisted into the non-interference guide hole 11 and then slides down the downward slope 6.

[0042] Step 5: A horse-head door is opened on the side wall 2 of the existing underground cavern, and the bottom guide tunnel 13 is excavated starting from the existing underground cavern. The soil of the bottom guide tunnel 13 is loaded into a truck and transferred to the non-interference guide tunnel 11 through a crane 5 along the vertically aligned hanging holes 4 on the invert arch of the non-interference guide tunnel 11 and the sub-bottom guide tunnel 12, and then transferred to the anti-interference middle plate 3 along the downward slope 6, and finally transferred to the ground along the transfer channel.

[0043] The reason why it is hoisted into the non-interference guide hole 11 instead of the closer secondary bottom guide hole 12 is that if it is hoisted into the secondary bottom guide hole 12, it is necessary to climb the slope, and the convenience brought by sliding out of the hole along the downward slope 6 is greater than the inconvenience caused by the large hoisting distance.

[0044] Note that each pilot tunnel layer contains more than one pilot tunnel, so each vertical row of three pilot tunnels must include two hanging holes 4, a set of cranes 5, a downward slope 6 and a climbing slope 7.

[0045] The downward slope 6 includes a platform plate extending horizontally from the edge of the inverted arch of the lowest non-interference guide tunnel 11 into the existing underground cavern and fixedly connected to the inverted arch, and a ramp extending downward from the edge of the platform plate, and the extension direction of the ramp is parallel to the cavern side wall 2 where the horse head door is located.

[0046] The reason why the ramp is extended in this direction is to avoid affecting the walking of passengers in the subway station.

[0047] Both the platform plate and the ramp are steel grids with anti-slip steel plates anchored on the surface. Pillars are arranged at intervals at the bottom of the ramp. Guardrails are arranged at the edges of the platform plate and the ramp. A retaining plate is arranged at the bottom of the guardrail in the existing underground cavern to prevent soil from falling and injuring people in the existing underground cavern.

[0048] Here, the downhill slope 6 is located in the subway station, so it is not suitable to use a soil slope to avoid dirtying the subway station and increasing the workload of subsequent cleaning.

[0049] The excavation process in step 3 is as follows: first, excavate a section of non-interference guide tunnel 11 and construct a section of guide tunnel support without the downward slope 6, then install the downward slope 6 and continue excavation, the soil of the non-interference guide tunnel 11 before installing the downward slope 6 is hoisted or poured into the car on the anti-interference middle plate 3 from the hole, and then transferred to the ground along the transfer channel, and the soil of the non-interference guide tunnel 11 after installing the downward slope 6 is loaded on the car and transferred to the anti-interference middle plate 3 along the downward slope 6, and then transferred to the ground along the transfer channel. The amount of earthwork before installing the downward slope 6 is very small, and it is also easy to handle without the downward slope 6.

[0050] The climbing slope 7 is a soil slope or a steel bridleway, and a non-slip steel plate or a conveyor belt is laid on the climbing slope 7. If a conveyor belt is used, the situation of being unable to climb up the slope can be completely avoided, but the conveyor belt is expensive and easy to be damaged in the guide tunnel. Which structure to use is selected according to the needs of the project.

[0051] The excavation process in step 4 is as follows: first, under the premise of no climbing slope 7, a two-step method is used to excavate a sub-bottom-level guide tunnel 12 within the range of the advance small guide tube drilled in front of the horse head gate, and it is recorded as the starting section. In the two steps of the starting section, the interface between the upper and lower steps is flush with the upper surface of the anti-interference middle plate 3. The soil of the upper step is loaded and pushed flat onto the anti-interference middle plate 3, and then transferred to the ground along the transfer channel; the soil of the lower step is transferred to the non-interference guide tunnel 11 through the crane 5 along the hanging hole 4 on the invert of the non-interference guide tunnel 11, and then transferred to the anti-interference middle plate 3 along the downward slope 6, and finally transferred along the transfer channel. The soil of the secondary bottom guide tunnel 12 is loaded on a truck and climbs along the climbing slope 7 extending upward from the invert of the secondary bottom guide tunnel 12 to the anti-interference middle plate 3, and finally is transferred to the ground along the transfer channel; when the soil-carrying vehicle cannot climb along the climbing slope 7, the soil is transferred to the non-interference guide tunnel 11 along the hanging hole 4 on the invert of the non-interference guide tunnel 11 by the crane 5, and then is transferred to the anti-interference middle plate 3 along the downward slope 6, and finally is transferred to the ground along the transfer channel.

[0052] A steel frame fixedly connected to the inverted arch is arranged around the hanging hole 4 to prevent the opening of the hanging hole 4 from affecting the strength of the inverted arch. If the width of the guide hole is sufficient, the hanging hole 4 and the climbing slope 7 can be arranged side by side in a direction perpendicular to the cavern side wall 2. If not, the hanging hole 4 is arranged at the bottom of the climbing slope 7. Note that the hanging hole 4 should be opened as late as possible, and can be opened before use.

[0053] The crane 5 is an electric hoist arranged on the gantry, and the hanging hole 4 is arranged below the gantry.

[0054] The embodiments described above are merely descriptions of preferred implementation modes of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunneling method that can utilize existing underground caverns to excavate and avoid interference, used to construct a tunnel extending outward from an existing underground cavern, wherein the existing underground cavern has a transfer passage that can transfer objects in the underground cavern to the ground, and an obstacle blocking the tunnel exit, wherein the obstacle is a subway track area, characterized in that: The dark excavation method is a shallow buried dark excavation method with multiple guide holes. The guide holes during excavation include three layers, and each layer of guide holes includes more than one guide hole. In each layer of guide holes, the guide hole at the bottom layer is recorded as the bottom layer guide hole (13), the guide holes adjacent to the bottom layer guide hole (13) are recorded as the second bottom layer guide hole (12), and the guide hole above the second bottom layer guide hole (12) is recorded as the non-interference guide hole (11). The dark excavation method includes the following steps: Step 1: Select an anti-interference middle plate (3), wherein the anti-interference middle plate (3) is the middle plate located at the bottom among the middle plates located above the obstacle in the existing underground cavern; Step 2: adjusting the size and arrangement of the guide tunnels so that the anti-interference middle plate (3) can divide the secondary bottom guide tunnel (12) into two parts when extending toward the secondary bottom guide tunnel (12), and the vertical distance between the invert of the non-interference guide tunnel (11) and the anti-interference middle plate (3) is greater than the height of the vehicle for transporting soil; Step 3: a horse head door is opened on the side wall (2) of the existing underground cavern, and a non-interference guide tunnel (11) is excavated starting from the existing underground cavern. The soil of the non-interference guide tunnel (11) is loaded onto a truck and transferred along a downward slope (6) to the anti-interference middle plate (3), and then transferred to the ground along a transfer channel; the downward slope (6) is a slope extending downward from the invert of the lowest non-interference guide tunnel (11) to the anti-interference middle plate (3); Step 4: A horse-head door is opened on the side wall (2) of the existing underground cavern, and a secondary bottom guide tunnel (12) is excavated starting from the existing underground cavern. After the soil of the secondary bottom guide tunnel (12) is loaded into a truck, it is climbed along the climbing slope (7) extending upward from the inverted arch of the secondary bottom guide tunnel (12) to the anti-interference middle plate (3), and finally transported to the ground along the transfer channel; when the vehicle transporting the soil cannot climb along the climbing slope (7), the soil is transported to the non-interference guide tunnel (11) through the hanging hole (4) on the inverted arch of the non-interference guide tunnel (11), and then transported to the anti-interference middle plate (3) along the downward slope (6), and finally transported to the ground along the transfer channel; Step 5: A horse-head door is opened on the side wall (2) of the existing underground cavern, and a bottom guide tunnel (13) is excavated starting from the existing underground cavern. The soil of the bottom guide tunnel (13) is loaded into a truck and transferred to the non-interference guide tunnel (11) and the non-interference guide tunnel (12) through the vertically aligned hanging holes (4) on the invert arch by a crane (5), and then transferred to the non-interference guide tunnel (11) along the downward slope (6) to the anti-interference middle plate (3), and finally transferred to the ground along the transfer channel.

2. A tunneling method according to claim 1 that can utilize existing underground caverns to excavate and avoid interference, characterized in that: The existing underground cavern is a subway station, the tunnel is an air duct of the subway station, and the transfer passage is a vertical shaft of the subway station.

3. A tunneling method according to claim 1 that can utilize existing underground caverns to excavate and avoid interference, characterized in that: The downward slope (6) comprises a platform plate extending horizontally from the edge of the inverted arch of the lowest non-interference guide tunnel (11) into the existing underground cavern and fixedly connected to the inverted arch, and a ramp extending downward from the edge of the platform plate, wherein the extending direction of the ramp is arranged parallel to the cavern side wall (2) where the horse head door is located.

4. A tunneling method according to claim 3 that can utilize existing underground caverns to excavate and avoid interference, characterized in that: The platform plate and the ramp are both steel grids with anti-slip steel plates anchored on the surface. Pillars are arranged at intervals at the bottom of the ramp. Guardrails are arranged at the edges of the platform plate and the ramp. A retaining plate is arranged at the bottom of the guardrail in the existing underground cavern to prevent soil from falling and injuring people in the existing underground cavern.

5. The method for tunneling that can utilize existing underground caverns to excavate and avoid interference according to claim 1, characterized in that: The excavation process in step 3 is as follows: first, a section of non-interference guide tunnel (11) is excavated without a downward slope (6) and a section of guide tunnel support is constructed, then the downward slope (6) is installed and excavation continues, the soil of the non-interference guide tunnel (11) before the downward slope (6) is installed is hoisted from the hole into or poured into a car on the anti-interference middle plate (3), and then transported to the ground along the transfer channel, and the soil of the non-interference guide tunnel (11) after the downward slope (6) is installed is loaded on the car and transported to the anti-interference middle plate (3) along the downward slope (6), and then transported to the ground along the transfer channel.

6. The method for tunneling that can utilize existing underground caverns to excavate and avoid interference according to claim 1, characterized in that: The climbing slope (7) is a soil slope or a steel bridleway, and the climbing slope (7) is paved with an anti-skid steel plate or a conveyor belt.

7. A tunneling method according to claim 6 that can utilize existing underground caverns to excavate and avoid interference, characterized in that: The excavation process in step 4 is as follows: first, under the premise of no climbing slope (7), a second bottom guide tunnel (12) is excavated by the two-step method within the range of the advance small guide tube drilled in front of the horse head gate, and recorded as the starting section. In the two steps of the starting section, the interface between the upper and lower steps is flush with the upper surface of the anti-interference middle plate (3). The soil of the upper step is loaded and pushed onto the anti-interference middle plate (3), and then transferred to the ground along the transfer channel; the soil of the lower step is transferred to the non-interference guide tunnel (11) through the hanging hole (4) on the invert of the non-interference guide tunnel (11) by the crane (5), and then transferred to the anti-interference middle plate (3) along the downward slope (6), and finally transferred along the transfer channel. to the ground; after the excavation of the initial section is completed, the lining is constructed, and then the climbing slope (7) is installed and the excavation continues; after the climbing slope (7) is installed, the soil of the secondary bottom guide tunnel (12) is loaded onto the truck and climbs along the climbing slope (7) extending upward from the invert of the secondary bottom guide tunnel (12) to the anti-interference middle plate (3) to the anti-interference middle plate (3), and finally transported to the ground along the transfer channel; when the vehicle transporting the soil cannot climb along the climbing slope (7), the soil is transported to the non-interference guide tunnel (11) through the hanging hole (4) on the invert of the non-interference guide tunnel (11) by the crane (5), and then transported to the anti-interference middle plate (3) along the downward slope (6), and finally transported to the ground along the transfer channel.

8. The method for tunneling that can utilize existing underground caverns to excavate and avoid interference according to claim 1, characterized in that: A steel frame is arranged around the hanging hole (4) and is fixedly connected to the inverted arch to prevent the opening of the hanging hole (4) from affecting the strength of the inverted arch.

9. The method for tunneling that can utilize existing underground caverns to excavate and avoid interference according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crane (5) is an electric hoist arranged on a gantry.

10. A tunneling method according to claim 9 that can utilize existing underground caverns to excavate and avoid interference, characterized in that: The hanging hole (4) and the climbing slope (7) are arranged side by side in a direction perpendicular to the cavern side wall (2), or the hanging hole (4) is located at the bottom of the climbing slope (7), and the gantry is located directly above the hanging hole (4).

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