Straw biochar carrier fertilizer special for rice seedling raising

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of fertilizers, and discloses a straw biochar carrier fertilizer special for rice seedling raising, and carbon-based bed soil comprises the following components in parts by weight: 16-18 parts of ammonium phosphate, 7-11 parts of urea, 3-9 parts of potassium chloride, 1-2 parts of zinc sulfate, 1-2 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 1-9 parts of nitro humic acid, 30-38 parts of cotton straw biochar, 2-9 parts of attapulgite and 7-12 parts of bentonite. The formula of the fertilizer contains ammonium phosphate, urea, potassium chloride, zinc sulfate, ammonium bicarbonate, nitro humic acid, cotton straw biochar, attapulgite and bentonite, the formula is reasonable, comprehensive nutrition configuration is achieved, macroelements, medium elements, microelements, organic matter and the like can be provided for plants, soil can be improved, and water and fertilizer can be retained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of fertilizers, in particular to a special fertilizer for rice seedling cultivation using a straw biochar carrier. Background Art

[0002] Nearly half of the world's population eats rice. In addition to being edible, rice can also be used as industrial raw materials for brewing and sugar making. Rice husks and rice stalks can be used as feed. The main rice producing areas in my country are the Northeast, the Yangtze River Basin, and the Pearl River Basin. It is a direct cash crop. It is also the staple food of one-third of the world's population. It is also the main organic food for people in the south.

[0003] Rice seedling transplanting is a rice planting method. Rice seeds are first cultivated in specially fertilized and prepared land until they sprout, which is called the seedling bed stage. Then they are transplanted to the field for planting and harvesting. The main advantages are short seedling age, strong seedlings, and easy management. They can be transplanted by machine or by hand, with high efficiency and good quality. Seedling cultivation can be intensive and production can be specialized. It saves seeds and water, and has high economic benefits. It is suitable for different production systems.

[0004] Crop straw resources are abundant and the yield is huge, but its comprehensive utilization rate is low. In recent years, crop straw has been pyrolyzed to prepare biochar, which has been used as an environmentally friendly improver for soil fertility improvement and crop yield improvement due to its physical structure and nutritional components. However, the application of biochar alone is not enough to provide sufficient crop nutrients. Therefore, the present invention proposes a straw biochar carrier rice seedling fertilizer to solve the above problem. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a straw biochar carrier special fertilizer for rice seedling cultivation, so as to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a straw biochar carrier special fertilizer for rice seedlings, comprising the following components by weight:

[0007] 16-18 parts of ammonium phosphate, 7-11 parts of urea, 3-9 parts of potassium chloride, 1-2 parts of zinc sulfate, 1-2 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 1-9 parts of nitrohumic acid, 30-38 parts of cotton straw biochar, 2-9 parts of attapulgite, and 7-12 parts of bentonite.

[0008] Preferably: the fertilizer comprises the following components by weight: 16 parts of ammonium phosphate, 8 parts of urea, 4 parts of potassium chloride, 1 part of zinc sulfate, 1 part of ammonium bicarbonate, 3 parts of nitrohumic acid, 32 parts of cotton straw biochar, 3 parts of attapulgite, and 8 parts of bentonite.

[0009] Preferably: the fertilizer comprises the following components by weight: 18 parts of ammonium phosphate, 10 parts of urea, 6 parts of potassium chloride, 1 part of zinc sulfate, 1 part of ammonium bicarbonate, 5 parts of nitrohumic acid, 36 parts of cotton straw biochar, 5 parts of attapulgite, and 9 parts of bentonite.

[0010] Preferably, the cotton straw biochar preparation process is to crush the cotton straw into 5-7 cm, add the crushed cotton straw into a biomass gasifier for anaerobic high-temperature thermal cracking, control the temperature of the carbonization layer at 400°C, control the temperature at the combustible gas outlet of the biomass gasifier at 200-300°C, and crack for 3-6 hours to make cotton straw biochar.

[0011] Preferably, the fertilizer further comprises an organic fertilizer component, and the organic fertilizer component comprises one or a mixture of compost, biogas fertilizer, manure, crop straw, green manure or mud fertilizer.

[0012] Preferably, the nitrohumic acid preparation process is as follows: lignite is added into a reactor, diluted nitric acid with a concentration of 10%-20% is introduced, the diluted nitric acid and lignite are subjected to oxidation reaction, the mass ratio of the added diluted nitric acid to the lignite is: 1:1.5-2.0, the oxidation reaction time is 1-2 hours, after the oxidation reaction is completed, ammonium bicarbonate is added to adjust the pH value to 4.0-4.4, and then an aging reaction is carried out, and the aging time is 18-24 hours to obtain nitrohumic acid.

[0013] The method for preparing a straw biochar carrier special fertilizer for rice seedling cultivation according to any of the above items comprises the following steps: respectively crushing attapulgite, bentonite and cotton straw biochar, passing the attapulgite and bentonite through an 80-mesh sieve, and passing the cotton straw biochar through a 40-mesh sieve; mixing ammonium phosphate, urea, potassium chloride, zinc sulfate, ammonium bicarbonate, nitrohumic acid, cotton straw biochar, attapulgite and bentonite together and stirring evenly to obtain a fertilizer mixture; firstly performing preliminary granulation on the fertilizer mixture with a drum granulator, and then performing shaping and granulation with a disc granulator to obtain fertilizer particles; and drying the fertilizer particles with a dryer to obtain a biochar-based special fertilizer for rice seedling cultivation.

[0014] Preferably, the inlet temperature of the dryer is 180-250°C.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] The fertilizer formula of the present invention contains ammonium phosphate, urea, potassium chloride, zinc sulfate, ammonium bicarbonate, nitrohumic acid, cotton straw biochar, attapulgite, and bentonite. The formula is reasonable and the nutrition configuration is comprehensive. The fertilizer can provide plants with macroelements, secondary elements, trace elements, organic matter, etc., and can improve soil, retain water, and retain fertilizer. Since a large amount of cotton straw is produced in the main cotton planting areas in my country, biochar prepared from cotton straw is used as the main raw material of the present invention. The long-term accumulation of organic matter in the soil prepared from biochar from cotton straw is greater than that of other organic substances. At the same time, carbon is sealed in the soil for a long time, reducing the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane, which is helpful to slow down global warming and reduce air pollution. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] Example

[0019] The straw biochar carrier special fertilizer for rice seedlings includes the following components by weight:

[0020] 16-18 parts of ammonium phosphate, 7-11 parts of urea, 3-9 parts of potassium chloride, 1-2 parts of zinc sulfate, 1-2 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 1-9 parts of nitrohumic acid, 30-38 parts of cotton straw biochar, 2-9 parts of attapulgite, and 7-12 parts of bentonite.

[0021] In this embodiment, the cotton straw biochar preparation process is as follows: the cotton straw is crushed into 5-7 cm, the crushed cotton straw is added into a biomass gasifier for anaerobic high-temperature thermal cracking, the carbonization layer temperature is controlled at 400°C, the temperature at the combustible gas outlet of the biomass gasifier is controlled at 200-300°C, and the cracking is performed for 3-6 hours to prepare cotton straw biochar, the fertilizer also includes an organic fertilizer component, and the organic fertilizer component includes one or a mixture of compost, biogas fertilizer, manure, crop straw, green manure or mud fertilizer, and the nitrohumic acid preparation process is as follows: lignite is added into a reactor, dilute nitric acid with a concentration of 10%-20% is introduced, and the dilute nitric acid is oxidized with the lignite, the mass ratio of the added dilute nitric acid to the lignite is: 1:1.5-2.0, the oxidation reaction time is 1-2 hours, and after the oxidation reaction is completed, ammonium bicarbonate is added to adjust the pH value to 4.0-4.4, and then an aging reaction is performed, and the aging time is 18-24 hours to obtain nitrohumic acid.

[0022] Furthermore, the preparation method of the straw biochar carrier special fertilizer for rice seedlings according to any of the above items includes the following steps: respectively crushing attapulgite, bentonite and cotton straw biochar, the attapulgite and bentonite are sieved with 80 mesh, and the cotton straw biochar is sieved with 40 mesh; ammonium phosphate, urea, potassium chloride, zinc sulfate, ammonium bicarbonate, nitrohumic acid, cotton straw biochar, attapulgite and bentonite are mixed together and stirred evenly to obtain a fertilizer mixture; the fertilizer mixture is first preliminarily granulated with a drum granulator, and then granulated with a disc granulator to obtain fertilizer particles; the fertilizer particles are dried with a dryer, and the inlet temperature of the dryer is 180-250°C to obtain biochar-based special fertilizer for rice seedlings.

[0023] Example 1

[0024] The straw biochar carrier special fertilizer for rice seedlings includes the following components by weight:

[0025] 16 parts of ammonium phosphate, 8 parts of urea, 4 parts of potassium chloride, 1 part of zinc sulfate, 1 part of ammonium bicarbonate, 3 parts of nitrohumic acid, 32 parts of cotton straw biochar, 3 parts of attapulgite, and 8 parts of bentonite.

[0026] In this embodiment, the cotton straw biochar preparation process is as follows: the cotton straw is crushed into 5-7 cm, the crushed cotton straw is added into a biomass gasifier for anaerobic high-temperature thermal cracking, the carbonization layer temperature is controlled at 400°C, the temperature at the combustible gas outlet of the biomass gasifier is controlled at 200-300°C, and the cracking is performed for 3-6 hours to prepare cotton straw biochar, the fertilizer also includes an organic fertilizer component, and the organic fertilizer component includes one or a mixture of compost, biogas fertilizer, manure, crop straw, green manure or mud fertilizer, and the nitrohumic acid preparation process is as follows: lignite is added into a reactor, dilute nitric acid with a concentration of 10%-20% is introduced, and the dilute nitric acid is oxidized with the lignite, the mass ratio of the added dilute nitric acid to the lignite is: 1:1.5-2.0, the oxidation reaction time is 1-2 hours, and after the oxidation reaction is completed, ammonium bicarbonate is added to adjust the pH value to 4.0-4.4, and then an aging reaction is performed, and the aging time is 18-24 hours to obtain nitrohumic acid.

[0027] Furthermore, the preparation method of the straw biochar carrier special fertilizer for rice seedlings according to any of the above items includes the following steps: respectively crushing attapulgite, bentonite and cotton straw biochar, the attapulgite and bentonite are sieved with 80 mesh, and the cotton straw biochar is sieved with 40 mesh; ammonium phosphate, urea, potassium chloride, zinc sulfate, ammonium bicarbonate, nitrohumic acid, cotton straw biochar, attapulgite and bentonite are mixed together and stirred evenly to obtain a fertilizer mixture; the fertilizer mixture is first preliminarily granulated with a drum granulator, and then granulated with a disc granulator to obtain fertilizer particles; the fertilizer particles are dried with a dryer, and the inlet temperature of the dryer is 180-250°C to obtain biochar-based special fertilizer for rice seedlings.

[0028] Example 2

[0029] The straw biochar carrier special fertilizer for rice seedlings includes the following components by weight:

[0030] 18 parts of ammonium phosphate, 10 parts of urea, 6 parts of potassium chloride, 1 part of zinc sulfate, 1 part of ammonium bicarbonate, 5 parts of nitrohumic acid, 36 parts of cotton straw biochar, 5 parts of attapulgite, and 9 parts of bentonite.

[0031] In this embodiment, the cotton straw biochar preparation process is as follows: the cotton straw is crushed into 5-7 cm, the crushed cotton straw is added into a biomass gasifier for anaerobic high-temperature thermal cracking, the carbonization layer temperature is controlled at 400°C, the temperature at the combustible gas outlet of the biomass gasifier is controlled at 200-300°C, and the cracking is performed for 3-6 hours to prepare cotton straw biochar, the fertilizer also includes an organic fertilizer component, and the organic fertilizer component includes one or a mixture of compost, biogas fertilizer, manure, crop straw, green manure or mud fertilizer, and the nitrohumic acid preparation process is as follows: lignite is added into a reactor, dilute nitric acid with a concentration of 10%-20% is introduced, and the dilute nitric acid is oxidized with the lignite, the mass ratio of the added dilute nitric acid to the lignite is: 1:1.5-2.0, the oxidation reaction time is 1-2 hours, and after the oxidation reaction is completed, ammonium bicarbonate is added to adjust the pH value to 4.0-4.4, and then an aging reaction is performed, and the aging time is 18-24 hours to obtain nitrohumic acid.

[0032] Furthermore, the preparation method of the straw biochar carrier special fertilizer for rice seedlings according to any of the above items includes the following steps: respectively crushing attapulgite, bentonite and cotton straw biochar, the attapulgite and bentonite are sieved with 80 mesh, and the cotton straw biochar is sieved with 40 mesh; ammonium phosphate, urea, potassium chloride, zinc sulfate, ammonium bicarbonate, nitrohumic acid, cotton straw biochar, attapulgite and bentonite are mixed together and stirred evenly to obtain a fertilizer mixture; the fertilizer mixture is first preliminarily granulated with a drum granulator, and then granulated with a disc granulator to obtain fertilizer particles; the fertilizer particles are dried with a dryer, and the inlet temperature of the dryer is 180-250°C to obtain biochar-based special fertilizer for rice seedlings.

[0033] Example 3

[0034] The straw biochar carrier special fertilizer for rice seedlings includes the following components by weight:

[0035] 18 parts of ammonium phosphate, 11 parts of urea, 8 parts of potassium chloride, 1 part of zinc sulfate, 1 part of ammonium bicarbonate, 6 parts of nitrohumic acid, 36 parts of cotton straw biochar, 5 parts of attapulgite, and 8 parts of bentonite.

[0036] In this embodiment, the cotton straw biochar preparation process is as follows: the cotton straw is crushed into 5-7 cm, the crushed cotton straw is added into a biomass gasifier for anaerobic high-temperature thermal cracking, the carbonization layer temperature is controlled at 400°C, the temperature at the combustible gas outlet of the biomass gasifier is controlled at 200-300°C, and the cracking is performed for 3-6 hours to prepare cotton straw biochar, the fertilizer also includes an organic fertilizer component, and the organic fertilizer component includes one or a mixture of compost, biogas fertilizer, manure, crop straw, green manure or mud fertilizer, and the nitrohumic acid preparation process is as follows: lignite is added into a reactor, dilute nitric acid with a concentration of 10%-20% is introduced, and the dilute nitric acid is oxidized with the lignite, the mass ratio of the added dilute nitric acid to the lignite is: 1:1.5-2.0, the oxidation reaction time is 1-2 hours, and after the oxidation reaction is completed, ammonium bicarbonate is added to adjust the pH value to 4.0-4.4, and then an aging reaction is performed, and the aging time is 18-24 hours to obtain nitrohumic acid.

[0037] Furthermore, the preparation method of the straw biochar carrier special fertilizer for rice seedlings according to any of the above items includes the following steps: respectively crushing attapulgite, bentonite and cotton straw biochar, the attapulgite and bentonite are sieved with 80 mesh, and the cotton straw biochar is sieved with 40 mesh; ammonium phosphate, urea, potassium chloride, zinc sulfate, ammonium bicarbonate, nitrohumic acid, cotton straw biochar, attapulgite and bentonite are mixed together and stirred evenly to obtain a fertilizer mixture; the fertilizer mixture is first preliminarily granulated with a drum granulator, and then granulated with a disc granulator to obtain fertilizer particles; the fertilizer particles are dried with a dryer, and the inlet temperature of the dryer is 180-250°C to obtain biochar-based special fertilizer for rice seedlings.

[0038] The fertilizers of Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention and the fertilizers available on the market were respectively used for broadcasting rice planting. The planting process was carried out according to conventional planting treatment. The lodging index of 200 was taken as the critical value of lodging resistance. The fertilizer applied by broadcasting was 350 kg / mu. The specific data are shown in Table 1 below:

[0039] Table 1

[0040]

[0041] It can be seen from Table 1 above that, compared with the existing fertilizers, after fertilization using the fertilizers of Examples 1-3 of the present invention, rice grows better, has a stronger lodging resistance, a higher yield, and a better fertilization effect.

[0042] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0043] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A straw biochar carrier special fertilizer for rice seedling cultivation, characterized in that: The following components are included by weight: 16-18 parts of ammonium phosphate, 7-11 parts of urea, 3-9 parts of potassium chloride, 1-2 parts of zinc sulfate, 1-2 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 1-9 parts of nitrohumic acid, 30-38 parts of cotton straw biochar, 2-9 parts of attapulgite, and 7-12 parts of bentonite.

2. The straw biochar carrier special fertilizer for rice seedling cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilizer includes the following components by weight: 16 parts of ammonium phosphate, 8 parts of urea, 4 parts of potassium chloride, 1 part of zinc sulfate, 1 part of ammonium bicarbonate, 3 parts of nitrohumic acid, 32 parts of cotton straw biochar, 3 parts of attapulgite, and 8 parts of bentonite.

3. The straw biochar carrier special fertilizer for rice seedling cultivation according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fertilizer comprises the following components by weight: 18 parts of ammonium phosphate, 10 parts of urea, 6 parts of potassium chloride, 1 part of zinc sulfate, 1 part of ammonium bicarbonate, 5 parts of nitrohumic acid, 36 parts of cotton straw biochar, 5 parts of attapulgite, and 9 parts of bentonite.

4. The straw biochar carrier special fertilizer for rice seedling cultivation according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cotton straw biochar preparation process comprises the following steps: crushing the cotton straw into 5-7 cm pieces, adding the crushed cotton straw into a biomass gasifier for anaerobic high-temperature thermal cracking, controlling the temperature of the carbonization layer at 400° C., controlling the temperature at the combustible gas outlet of the biomass gasifier at 200-300° C., and cracking for 3-6 hours to produce the cotton straw biochar.

5. The straw biochar carrier special fertilizer for rice seedling cultivation according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fertilizer also includes an organic fertilizer component, which includes one or a mixture of compost, biogas fertilizer, manure, crop straw, green manure or mud fertilizer.

6. The straw biochar carrier special fertilizer for rice seedling cultivation according to claim 5, characterized in that: The nitrohumic acid preparation process comprises the following steps: adding lignite into a reaction kettle, introducing dilute nitric acid with a concentration of 10%-20%, performing an oxidation reaction on the lignite, wherein the mass ratio of the added dilute nitric acid to the lignite is 1:1.5-2.0, and the oxidation reaction time is 1-2 hours. After the oxidation reaction is completed, adding ammonium bicarbonate to adjust the pH value to 4.0-4.4, and then performing an aging reaction. After the aging time is 18-24 hours, the nitrohumic acid is obtained.

7. The method for preparing the straw biochar carrier special fertilizer for rice seedling cultivation according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The method comprises the following steps: crushing attapulgite, bentonite and cotton straw biochar respectively, passing the attapulgite and bentonite through an 80-mesh sieve, and passing the cotton straw biochar through a 40-mesh sieve; mixing ammonium phosphate, urea, potassium chloride, zinc sulfate, ammonium bicarbonate, nitrohumic acid, cotton straw biochar, attapulgite and bentonite together and stirring evenly to obtain a fertilizer mixture; firstly performing preliminary granulation on the fertilizer mixture with a drum granulator, and then performing shaping and granulation with a disc granulator to obtain fertilizer particles; and drying the fertilizer particles with a dryer to obtain a biochar-based fertilizer for rice seedling cultivation.

8. The straw biochar carrier special fertilizer for rice seedling cultivation according to claim 7, characterized in that: The inlet temperature of the dryer is 180-250°C.

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