Rice hull fermentation substrate, preparation method thereof and fermentation device

Abstract

The invention discloses a rice hull fermentation substrate, a preparation method thereof and a fermentation device, and belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizer processing, and the fermentation device comprises a carbonizer, a crusher, a screener, a hull storage tank, a quantitative conveyor, a stirrer, a fermentation tank, a nitrogen fertilizer storage tank and a water tank. The water-containing rice hulls are pretreated and crushed, and are mixed in proportion according to the particle size, so that the superficial area of the rice hulls can be increased, contact and decomposition of microorganisms are promoted, the bioavailability of the rice hulls is improved, the fermentation rate of the rice hulls is increased, and the fermentation time is shortened. The rice husks are treated by adopting a physical and biological synergistic effect method and a method for promoting biological fermentation through external voltage, so that the rice husks can be effectively subjected to stacking fermentation treatment, the stacking fermentation time is shortened, the biological fermentation efficiency is improved, the humic acid content of the fermented rice husks is increased, and the yield of the rice husks is increased. The application of the fermentation substrate in plants is facilitated, and the absorption of the plants on nutrient substances is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of organic fertilizer processing, in particular to a rice husk fermentation matrix and a preparation method and a fermentation device thereof. Background Art

[0002] Rice is the most widely planted crop with the highest yield in the world. Rice husk is a solid waste of agriculture and forestry. It has been difficult to utilize for a long time. The comprehensive utilization rate is currently less than 40%. How to process and utilize rice husk well? Researching and solving the reasonable role of rice husk and turning waste into treasure is a significant task before us. Years of practice have proved that fermented rice husk is used as substrate nutrient soil. Fermented rice husk is a high-quality tree material for nutrient soil of flowers and seedlings. Especially with the development of new trends in modern vegetable seedling industry such as "soilless culture", "floating seedling cultivation" and "roof garden", its economic value has risen rapidly.

[0003] The main components of rice husk vary greatly depending on the variety, origin and processing method. However, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of rice husk is usually as high as 70% or more. It is one of the most difficult organic materials to ferment. It is very difficult to ferment it, and it is difficult to "subdue" it by general fermentation.

[0004] Therefore, how to improve the utilization rate of rice husks, increase the fermentation rate of rice husks, shorten the fermentation time, effectively increase the content of organic matter in the matrix, and prepare a matrix that is conducive to plant growth are technical problems that technical personnel in the field urgently need to solve. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention aims to solve one of the above-mentioned technical problems in the prior art at least to a certain extent.

[0006] To this end, an object of the present invention is to provide a fermentation device for rice husk fermentation substrate, including a carbonizer, a crusher, a sifter, a husk storage tank, a quantitative conveyor, a stirrer, a fermentation tank, a nitrogen fertilizer storage tank and a water tank;

[0007] Wherein, the discharge port of the carbonizer is connected to the feed port of the quantitative conveyor;

[0008] The crusher, the screener and the shell storage tank are connected in sequence, and the discharge port of the shell storage tank is connected to the feed port of the quantitative conveyor;

[0009] The discharge port of the quantitative conveyor is connected to the feed port of the stirrer, and the discharge port of the stirrer is connected to the feed port of the fermentation tank;

[0010] The nitrogen fertilizer storage tank and the water tank are both connected to the feed port of the quantitative conveyor.

[0011] Preferably, the crusher includes a first crusher, a second crusher and a third crusher; the screener includes a first screener, a second screener and a third screener; the shell tank includes a first shell tank, a second shell tank and a third shell tank;

[0012] The first crusher, the first screener and the first shell tank are connected in sequence, and the discharge port of the first shell tank is connected to the feed port of the quantitative conveyor and the feed port of the second crusher respectively;

[0013] The second crusher, the second screener and the second storage tank are connected in sequence; the discharge port of the second storage tank is connected to the feed port of the quantitative conveyor and the feed port of the third crusher respectively;

[0014] The third crusher, the third screener and the third shell storage tank are connected in sequence; the discharge port of the third shell storage tank is connected to the feed port of the quantitative conveyor.

[0015] More preferably, the diameter of the first sifter is 12 mm; the diameter of the second sifter is 7 mm; and the diameter of the third sifter is 3 mm.

[0016] Preferably, the agitator comprises a first agitator, a second agitator and a third agitator; the fermenter comprises a first fermenter, a second fermenter and a third fermenter;

[0017] The feed port of the first stirrer is connected to the discharge port of the quantitative conveyor, and the discharge port of the first stirrer is connected to the feed port of the first fermentation tank;

[0018] The discharge port of the first fermentation tank is connected to the feed port of the second agitator, and the discharge port of the second agitator is connected to the feed port of the second fermentation tank;

[0019] The discharge port of the second fermentation tank is connected to the feed port of the third agitator, and the discharge port of the third agitator is connected to the feed port of the third fermentation tank.

[0020] The first fermentation tank is externally connected to a first external power supply, the second fermentation tank is externally connected to a second external power supply, and the third fermentation tank is externally connected to a third external power supply.

[0021] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a rice husk fermentation substrate, wherein the fermentation is carried out using the above-mentioned device, and the method comprises the following steps:

[0022] (1) dividing rice husks into two parts, carbonizing the first part of the rice husks using a carbonizer to obtain carbonized rice husks, and crushing the second part of the rice husks using a crusher, a sifter and a husk storage tank to obtain water-containing rice husks, and then mixing the two parts of the rice husks;

[0023] (2) mixing rice husk, nitrogen fertilizer and phosphogypsum uniformly, adding water to adjust the mixture to a moisture content of 65%, and then stacking, and completely covering the stack with a covering material, and fermenting after adding a 4.5V external electric field;

[0024] The covering material in the present invention is used to keep the stack warm, and air holes are provided to ensure gas exchange and sufficient oxygen during the rice husk fermentation process. The covering material adopts a black porous mesh, which can absorb solar heat energy under open-air stacking conditions, and can play a better role in heating up the initial stage of fermentation, and in keeping warm and ventilating the fermentation process.

[0025] (3) When the temperature inside the pile reaches 66-68° C. and the water content inside the pile drops to 40%, a fermentation aid is sprinkled on the pile surface, and the pile is turned for the first time, and the water content of the pile is adjusted to 55%. After turning the pile, the pile is fully covered with a covering material, and a 5V external electric field is added to continue fermentation;

[0026] (4) Generally, when the rice husk turns brown, it means that the silicone grease on the surface of the rice husk has been completely decomposed. Microorganisms can further decompose various nutrients in the rice husk. Therefore, after the rice husk fermented in step (3) turns brown, the second composting is performed. After the second composting, a covering material is attached, and a 5V external electric field is added to continue fermentation;

[0027] (5) Fermentation is performed until white mycelium appears on the rice husks, and the pile is turned for the third time to obtain the base material. After three turnings, the pile is half-covered with a covering material and then fermented again. Half-covering reduces the temperature of the pile. When it drops to below 40°C, the fermentation can achieve the purpose of complete decomposition and form a matrix, that is, the rice husk fermentation matrix.

[0028] Compared with the general method of fermenting by outdoor stacking, the preparation method of the matrix of the present invention can shorten the fermentation time, and the fermentation can be completed in 15-17 days. When the external temperature is high, the fermentation time is correspondingly shortened, and when the external temperature is low, the fermentation time is correspondingly extended.

[0029] To ensure the oxygen content of the pile during the fermentation process, ensure the aerobic fermentation process of the microorganisms, and ensure the efficiency of the pile turning, and to avoid the phenomenon of the pile being stuffy and the heat being difficult to dissipate, the height of the pile shall not exceed 2.5m, and the preferred height of the pile shall be 1-1.5m.

[0030] Furthermore, in step (1), the mass ratio of the water-containing rice husk to the carbonized rice husk is 25-28:1;

[0031] The beneficial effects of the above scheme are: directly fermenting the harvested water-containing rice husks is easy to operate, and adding carbonized rice husks can make the color of the pile darker and absorb more heat. Usually, the pile is set in an open-air environment, and adding carbonized rice husks can also absorb solar heat, thereby improving the heating and heat preservation capacity of the initial stage of composting. In addition, the use of this ratio can achieve the best conditions for heating and fermentation.

[0032] Furthermore, the water-containing rice husk is immersed in water for more than 24 hours before fermentation.

[0033] Further, the carbonization is carried out under anaerobic conditions at 510-520° C. for 2-3 hours;

[0034] The water-containing rice husks include primary crushed rice husks, secondary crushed rice husks and tertiary crushed rice husks; the particle size of the primary crushed rice husks is 12 mm, the particle size of the secondary crushed rice husks is 7 mm, and the particle size of the tertiary crushed rice husks is 3 mm; the mass ratio of the primary crushed rice husks, the secondary crushed rice husks and the tertiary crushed rice husks is 1:7:3.

[0035] Under the conditions of the ratio and particle size specified in the present invention, the bioavailability of rice husk can be effectively improved, and the fermentation process of rice husk by microorganisms can be optimized.

[0036] Furthermore, in the process of composting fermentation of the present invention, an external electric field treatment is continuously provided for the composting, and the external electric field can promote the humus synthesis of composting microorganisms and accelerate the degradation of organic matter. An external electric field of 4.5V or 5V is adopted in the present invention. Among them, the external electric field can adopt a 4.5V or 5V DC voltage and a conductive carbon felt negative electrode material, or a 4.5v or 5V DC voltage and a stainless steel anode material. The above method ferments the rice husk, fully ferments the rice husk, and uses the fermented rice husk support matrix as a plant fertilizer.

[0037] Furthermore, in step (2), the mass ratio of rice husk to nitrogen fertilizer is 210-240:1;

[0038] The beneficial effect of adopting the above scheme is that a good carbon-nitrogen ratio can be achieved under the ratio conditions of the present invention. Under the conditions of the carbon-nitrogen ratio, the optimal carbon source and nitrogen source as well as the carbon-nitrogen ratio can be provided for the microorganisms, which is beneficial to the growth and development of the microorganisms, that is, it is beneficial to the fermentation of rice husks by the microorganisms. In addition, the microorganisms decompose the nitrogen fertilizer during the fermentation process, and the fermented matrix can provide a rich nitrogen source for the growth of plants, which is beneficial to the growth of plants. The nitrogen fertilizer can be urea, or organic nitrogen fertilizers such as cow dung and chicken dung can be used.

[0039] The mass ratio of rice husk to phosphogypsum is 100:32-35;

[0040] The beneficial effect of adopting the above scheme is that phosphogypsum can increase the bulk density and water-holding porosity, and considering the development trend of alkalization in the matrix fermentation process of the pile body and the appropriate reduction of the pH value of the pile body, the loss of ammonia can be reduced. The scheme of the present invention can achieve the optimal fermentation conditions in the rice husk fermentation process.

[0041] Furthermore, the fermentation aid described in step (3) is Jinbaobei fermentation aid sold by Beijing Huaxia Kangyuan Technology Co., Ltd., and the mass ratio of rice husk to fermentation aid is 200-220:1.

[0042] The use of the fermentation aid can help microorganisms ferment rice husks and provide more abundant nutrition for the microbial fermentation process.

[0043] Another object of the present invention is to provide a rice husk fermentation matrix prepared by the above-mentioned method for preparing the rice husk fermentation matrix.

[0044] Another object of the present invention is to provide application of the prepared rice husk fermentation substrate in tobacco planting.

[0045] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0046] 1. The present invention pre-treats the water-containing rice husk, crushes it, and mixes it in proportion according to the particle size, which can increase the surface area of ​​the rice husk, promote microbial contact and decomposition, improve the bioavailability of the rice husk, and thus increase the fermentation rate of the rice husk and shorten the fermentation time. In addition, under the condition that the particle size is proportional, it is also possible to adjust the air in the stack, control the ventilation, and ensure aerobic fermentation of the stack.

[0047] 2. The present invention adds carbonized rice husks, as well as a reasonable ratio of water-containing rice husks to carbonized rice husks, which can increase the temperature and keep warm, optimize the fermentation process of the rice husks, and shorten the fermentation time. Similarly, the carbonized rice husks can also regulate the air in the stack. Under the conditions of the ratio of the carbonized rice husks, the air permeability can be controlled to ensure the aerobic fermentation of the stack, thereby further optimizing the fermentation process.

[0048] 3. The phosphogypsum used in the present invention can increase the bulk density and water-holding porosity. Considering that there is a trend of alkalization in the matrix fermentation process of the pile and that appropriately lowering the pH value of the pile can reduce ammonia loss, the present invention can optimize the composting conditions by adding a reasonable proportion of phosphogypsum to achieve better composting effect.

[0049] 4. The present invention adopts a method of physical and biological synergy, and processes rice husks by promoting biological fermentation through external voltage. It can effectively perform stacking and fermentation on the rice husks, shorten the time of stacking and fermentation, and improve the efficiency of biological fermentation, so that microorganisms can ferment the rice husks quickly and efficiently, and increase the humic acid content of the rice husks after fermentation, which is beneficial to the application of fermentation matrix in plants and promotes the absorption of nutrients by plants. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0050] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying creative work.

[0051] Figure 1 This is a photo of the tobacco root system planted using the substrate of Example 2 of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 2 This is a photo of the tobacco root system grown using the special flue-cured tobacco seedling medium produced by Jianghua Fengfa Cooperative;

[0053] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structural flow of the fermentation device of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0055] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0056] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0057] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include that the first and second features are in direct contact, or may include that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact through another feature between them. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" and "above" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" and "below" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0058] Example 1

[0059] A fermentation device for rice husk fermentation substrate, comprising a carbonizer, a crusher, a sifter, a husk storage tank, a quantitative conveyor, a stirrer, a fermentation tank, a nitrogen fertilizer storage tank and a water tank;

[0060] Wherein, the discharge port of the carbonizer is connected to the feed port of the quantitative conveyor;

[0061] The crusher, the screener and the shell storage tank are connected in sequence, and the discharge port of the shell storage tank is connected to the feed port of the quantitative conveyor;

[0062] The discharge port of the quantitative conveyor is connected to the feed port of the stirrer, and the discharge port of the stirrer is connected to the feed port of the fermentation tank;

[0063] The nitrogen fertilizer storage tank and the water tank are both connected to the feed port of the quantitative conveyor.

[0064] In some embodiments, the crusher includes a first crusher, a second crusher, and a third crusher; the screener includes a first screener, a second screener, and a third screener; the shell tank includes a first shell tank, a second shell tank, and a third shell tank;

[0065] The first crusher, the first screener and the first shell tank are connected in sequence, and the discharge port of the first shell tank is connected to the feed port of the quantitative conveyor and the feed port of the second crusher respectively;

[0066] The second crusher, the second screener and the second shell tank are connected in sequence; the discharge port of the second shell tank is connected to the feed port of the quantitative conveyor and the feed port of the third crusher respectively;

[0067] The third crusher, the third screener and the third shell storage tank are connected in sequence; the discharge port of the third shell storage tank is connected to the feed port of the quantitative conveyor.

[0068] In other embodiments, the diameter of the first screener is 12 mm; the diameter of the second screener is 7 mm; and the diameter of the third screener is 3 mm.

[0069] In some embodiments, the agitator comprises a first agitator, a second agitator, and a third agitator; the fermenter comprises a first fermenter, a second fermenter, and a third fermenter;

[0070] The feed port of the first stirrer is connected to the discharge port of the quantitative conveyor, and the discharge port of the first stirrer is connected to the feed port of the first fermentation tank;

[0071] The discharge port of the first fermentation tank is connected to the feed port of the second agitator, and the discharge port of the second agitator is connected to the feed port of the second fermentation tank;

[0072] The discharge port of the second fermentation tank is connected to the feed port of the third stirrer, and the discharge port of the third stirrer is connected to the feed port of the third fermentation tank.

[0073] In other embodiments, the first fermentation tank is connected to a first external power supply, the second fermentation tank is connected to a second external power supply, and the third fermentation tank is connected to a third external power supply.

[0074] Example 2

[0075] A method for preparing a rice husk fermentation matrix comprises the following steps:

[0076] (1) Dividing rice husks into two parts, carbonizing the first part of the rice husks at 515° C. under anaerobic conditions for 2.5 hours to obtain carbonized rice husks, and crushing the second part of the rice husks using a crusher, a sifter and a husk storage tank to obtain water-containing rice husks, and then mixing the two parts of the rice husks; the mass ratio of the water-containing rice husks to the carbonized rice husks is 26:1; the mass ratio of the first-crushed rice husks, the second-crushed rice husks and the third-crushed rice husks in the water-containing rice husks is 1:7:3;

[0077] (2) mixing rice husk, nitrogen fertilizer and phosphogypsum uniformly, wherein the mass ratio of rice husk to nitrogen fertilizer is 225:1; the mass ratio of rice husk to phosphogypsum is 100:33, adding water to adjust the mixture to a moisture content of 65%, and then stacking, and completely covering the stack with a covering material, and fermenting after adding a 4.5V external electric field;

[0078] (3) When the temperature inside the pile is 67°C and the water content inside the pile is reduced to 40%, the fermentation aid is sprinkled on the pile surface, and the pile is turned for the first time, and the water content of the pile is adjusted to 55%. After turning the pile, the pile is fully covered with a covering material, and a 5V external electric field is added to continue fermentation; the fermentation aid is the Jinbaobei fermentation aid sold by Beijing Huaxia Kangyuan Technology Co., Ltd., and the mass ratio of rice husk to fermentation aid is 210:1

[0079] (4) After the rice husk fermented in step (3) turns brown, the compost is turned for the second time, a covering is attached after the second turning, and a 5V external electric field is added to continue fermentation;

[0080] (5) Fermentation is performed until white mycelium appears on the rice husk, and the compost is turned for the third time to obtain the base material. After three turnings, the compost is half-covered with a covering material and fermented again to obtain the rice husk fermentation matrix.

[0081] The content of humus in the rice husk fermentation matrix was measured, and the results showed that the mass percentage of humus was 33.4%.

[0082] Embodiment 3:

[0083] The method is basically the same as that of Example 2, except that no carbonized rice husk is added.

[0084] By measuring the content of humus in the rice husk fermentation matrix, the results showed that the mass percentage of humus was 21.3%.

[0085] Embodiment 4:

[0086] The method is basically the same as that of Example 2, except that the water-containing rice husk is not subjected to classification and pulverization pretreatment.

[0087] By measuring the content of humus in the rice husk fermentation matrix, the results showed that the mass percentage of humus was 19.3%.

[0088] Test Example 1

[0089] The use of fermented rice husk substrate is applied to tobacco planting, wherein the tobacco seeds are coated with Xiangyan No. 5 seeds, treatment 1 uses the rice husk fermentation substrate prepared in Example 2, marked as T1, treatment 2 uses the rice husk fermentation substrate prepared in Example 3, marked as T2, treatment 3 uses the rice husk fermentation substrate prepared in Example 4, marked as T3, and the conventional seedling substrate uses the flue-cured tobacco seedling substrate produced by Jianghua Fengfa Cooperative, marked as T4, and the application amount of the flue-cured tobacco seedling substrate and the rice husk fermentation seedling substrate is the same. To ensure the accuracy of the experiment, three parallel experiments are used for each T1, T2, T3 and T4 treatment, and the seedling test is carried out in the same seedling pool.

[0090] In order to study the effects of different substrates on plant growth, this experiment measured the following investigation indicators:

[0091] The germination potential and germination rate of each treatment were measured 10 and 15 days after sowing.

[0092] During the seedling stage, 5 plants were randomly sampled from each treatment and their plant height, stem girth, and fresh and dry weight of the underground part of the tobacco plant were measured.

[0093] During the seedling stage, 5 plants were randomly sampled from each treatment to measure the number of primary lateral roots and their average root surface area, the number of secondary lateral roots and their average root surface area, and the total number of roots and their average root surface area.

[0094] 1.1 Germination of tobacco seedlings in different seedling mediums

[0095] The test results showed that the germination potential and germination rate of each treatment were better than those of the control. The germination potential was ranked as T1>T2>T3>T4, and the germination rate was ranked as T1>T3>T2>T4. The treatment T1 had the best comprehensive germination potential and germination rate. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0096] Table 1 Effects of different seedling medium on germination potential and germination rate of tobacco seedlings

[0097] deal with Germination potential (%) Germination rate (%) T1 97 97 T2 85 90 T3 79 92 T4 37 85

[0098] 1.2 Agronomic characteristics of tobacco seedlings grown in different seedling media

[0099] From Table 2, at the seedling stage, the plant height ranked T1﹥T4﹥T3﹥T2, the stem circumference ranked T1﹥T4﹥T3﹥T2, the root fresh weight ranked T1﹥T3﹥T4﹥T2, and the root dry weight ranked T1﹥T3﹥T4﹥T2. In general, the plant height, stem circumference and root fresh and dry weight of tobacco seedlings cultivated in treatment T1 were higher than those of the control, and treatment T1 had the best performance in comprehensive agronomic traits of tobacco seedlings.

[0100] Table 2 Effects of different seedling medium on agronomic traits of tobacco seedlings

[0101]

[0102] 1.3 Root systems of tobacco seedlings grown in different seedling media

[0103] As can be seen from Table 3, at the seedling stage, the ranking of the number of primary lateral roots was T1﹥T3﹥T2﹥T4, the ranking of the number of secondary lateral roots was T1﹥T2﹥T4﹥T3, the ranking of the total number of roots was T1﹥T2﹥T4﹥T3, the ranking of the average root surface area was T3﹥T2﹥T1﹥T4, and the ranking of the comprehensive tobacco seedling root system was T1﹥T2﹥T3﹥T4, and the root development performance of treatment T1 was the best.

[0104] Table 3 Effects of different substrate ratios on the root system of tobacco seedlings

[0105]

[0106] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in this specification.

[0107] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and vary the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fermentation device for rice husk fermentation substrate, characterized in that: It includes carbonizer, crusher, screener, shell storage tank, quantitative conveyor, agitator, fermentation tank, nitrogen fertilizer storage tank and water tank; Wherein, the discharge port of the carbonizer is connected to the feed port of the quantitative conveyor; The crusher, the screener and the shell storage tank are connected in sequence, and the discharge port of the shell storage tank is connected to the feed port of the quantitative conveyor; The discharge port of the quantitative conveyor is connected to the feed port of the stirrer, and the discharge port of the stirrer is connected to the feed port of the fermentation tank; The nitrogen fertilizer storage tank and the water tank are both connected to the feed port of the quantitative conveyor.

2. A fermentation device for rice husk fermentation substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crusher includes a first crusher, a second crusher and a third crusher; the screener includes a first screener, a second screener and a third screener; the shell tank includes a first shell tank, a second shell tank and a third shell tank; The first crusher, the first screener and the first shell tank are connected in sequence, and the discharge port of the first shell tank is connected to the feed port of the quantitative conveyor and the feed port of the second crusher respectively; The second crusher, the second screener and the second storage tank are connected in sequence; the discharge port of the second storage tank is connected to the feed port of the quantitative conveyor and the feed port of the third crusher respectively; The third crusher, the third screener and the third shell storage tank are connected in sequence; the discharge port of the third shell storage tank is connected to the feed port of the quantitative conveyor.

3. A fermentation device for rice husk fermentation substrate according to claim 2, characterized in that: The diameter of the first sifter is 12 mm; the diameter of the second sifter is 7 mm; and the diameter of the third sifter is 3 mm.

4. The fermentation device for rice husk fermentation substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The agitator comprises a first agitator, a second agitator and a third agitator; the fermenter comprises a first fermenter, a second fermenter and a third fermenter; The feed port of the first stirrer is connected to the discharge port of the quantitative conveyor, and the discharge port of the first stirrer is connected to the feed port of the first fermentation tank; The discharge port of the first fermentation tank is connected to the feed port of the second agitator, and the discharge port of the second agitator is connected to the feed port of the second fermentation tank; The discharge port of the second fermentation tank is connected to the feed port of the third agitator, and the discharge port of the third agitator is connected to the feed port of the third fermentation tank; The first fermentation tank is externally connected to a first external power supply, the second fermentation tank is externally connected to a second external power supply, and the third fermentation tank is externally connected to a third external power supply.

5. A method for preparing a rice husk fermentation substrate, characterized in that: Fermentation is carried out using the device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the following steps: (1) dividing rice husks into two parts, carbonizing the first part of the rice husks using a carbonizer to obtain carbonized rice husks, and crushing the second part of the rice husks using a crusher, a sifter and a husk storage tank to obtain water-containing rice husks, and then mixing the two parts of the rice husks; (2) mixing rice husk, nitrogen fertilizer and phosphogypsum uniformly, adding water to adjust the mixture to a moisture content of 65%, and then stacking, and completely covering the stack with a covering material, and fermenting after adding a 4.5V external electric field; (3) When the temperature inside the pile reaches 66-68° C. and the water content inside the pile drops to 40%, a fermentation aid is sprinkled on the pile surface, and the pile is turned for the first time, and the water content of the pile is adjusted to 55%. After turning the pile, the pile is fully covered with a covering material, and a 5V external electric field is added to continue fermentation; (4) After the rice husk fermented in step (3) turns brown, the compost is turned for the second time, a covering is attached after the second turning, and a 5V external electric field is added to continue fermentation; (5) Fermentation is performed until white mycelium appears on the rice husk, and the compost is turned for the third time to obtain the base material. After three turnings, the compost is half-covered with a covering material and fermented again to obtain the rice husk fermentation matrix.

6. The method for preparing a rice husk fermentation substrate according to claim 5, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the water-containing rice husk to the carbonized rice husk in step (1) is 25-28:1; The carbonization is carried out under anaerobic conditions at 510-520° C. for 2-3 hours; The water-containing rice husks include primary crushed rice husks, secondary crushed rice husks and tertiary crushed rice husks; the particle size of the primary crushed rice husks is 12 mm, the particle size of the secondary crushed rice husks is 7 mm, and the particle size of the tertiary crushed rice husks is 3 mm; the mass ratio of the primary crushed rice husks, the secondary crushed rice husks and the tertiary crushed rice husks is 1:7:

3.

7. The method for preparing a rice husk fermentation substrate according to claim 5, characterized in that: The mass ratio of rice husk to nitrogen fertilizer in step (2) is 210-240:1; The mass ratio of the rice husk to the phosphogypsum is 100:32-35.

8. The method for preparing a rice husk fermentation substrate according to claim 5, characterized in that: The fermentation aid described in step (3) is Jinbaobei fermentation aid sold by Beijing Huaxia Kangyuan Technology Co., Ltd., and the mass ratio of rice husk to fermentation aid is 200-220:

1.

9. A rice husk fermentation substrate, characterized in that The rice husk fermentation matrix is ​​prepared by the method for preparing the rice husk fermentation matrix according to any one of claims 5 to 8.

10. Use of the rice husk fermentation substrate according to claim 9 in tobacco planting.

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