Method for improving conversion efficiency of fermentation protein for cyperus esculentus feed and prepared fermentation protein for cyperus esculentus feed

Abstract

The invention provides a method for improving the conversion efficiency of fermentation protein for a cyperus esculentus feed and the prepared fermentation protein for the cyperus esculentus feed. Comprising the following steps: uniformly mixing cyperus esculentus cake meal, chitosan oligosaccharide and water, inoculating a fermentation strain, and culturing under proper conditions. Wherein the fermentation strain comprises saccharomycetes or a mixed strain of saccharomycetes and aspergillus niger; the saccharomycetes comprise saccharomyces cerevisiae or a mixed strain of the saccharomyces cerevisiae and candida utilis saccharomycetes. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used as a main fermentation strain, sugar in fermentation raw materials can be fully utilized, mycoprotein is generated, and the protein content is increased; the candida utilis can utilize various carbon sources and nitrogen sources, so that the protein content and the thallus biomass are further improved; aspergillus niger can generate saccharifying enzyme, starch is hydrolyzed into glucose and other simple saccharides, and the saccharifying process is promoted. According to the method provided by the invention, the cyperus esculentus raw material with relatively low protein content can be converted into the cyperus esculentus feed fermentation protein, and the utilization way of the cyperus esculentus is expanded.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of cyperus oleifera products, and particularly relates to a method for improving the conversion efficiency of cyperus oleifera feed fermentation protein and the prepared cyperus oleifera feed fermentation protein. Background Art

[0002] Cyperus esculentus L. is a plant of the genus Cyperus in the family Cyperaceae. It is a positive plant that likes light. It is drought-resistant, waterlogged, barren, and salt-alkali-resistant, and can adapt to various harsh growing environments. It can be planted in Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Xinjiang, Gansu and other regions in my country. Cyperus esculentus can be cultivated as an annual crop in production, mainly using its underground tubers - Cyperus esculentus (also known as underground almonds, iron water chestnuts, ground apricot kernels, underground chestnuts, underground walnuts, ginseng fruit and ginseng beans).

[0003] Cyperus oleiferus is an economic crop that integrates grain, oil, animal husbandry and feed with high quality, high yield and broad prospects for comprehensive utilization. It is not only a good oil crop, but also an excellent feed for livestock, and can be planted as an excellent forage. In addition, it can also be used as lubricating oil and soap making. Cyperus oleiferus is rich in nutrients such as oil, sugar, protein, vitamins, and minerals. Among them, Cyperus oleiferus protein contains 18 kinds of amino acids, with a total amino acid content of 29.88%, of which essential amino acids account for 46.03%, and its comprehensive nutrition exceeds that of corn and wheat. Cyperus oleiferus also has high nutritional value and health care functions, and is especially suitable for diabetic patients and patients with digestive system diseases. At the same time, Cyperus oleiferus also has a certain effect on preventing heart disease. In addition, the development of the Cyperus oleiferus industry has extremely important economic and social value in ensuring national grain and oil security and achieving self-sufficiency in oil, grain and feed, and has important ecological value in preventing wind and sand fixation. It can be seen that the Cyperus oleiferus industry has huge room for development.

[0004] At present, the main way to use cyperus oleiferus is to extract oil from it as an oil crop. Its oil yield is 15% to 40%, and the oil is clear and slightly reddish. Its quality is similar to olive oil, and it is better than rapeseed oil and sesame oil. It is called the "king of oil plants". Cyperus oleiferus oil has high nutritional value, with an unsaturated fatty acid content of more than 80%. It has the characteristics of high oleic acid (68%) and low linoleic acid (12%), which is beneficial to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, there are few studies on the processing and utilization of protein in cyperus oleiferus. The main reason is that the protein content of cyperus oleiferus raw materials is low, only 2-6%, making it difficult to make high-protein products.

[0005] It can be seen that although cyperus oleiferus is rich in oil and nutrients, no technical solution for processing cyperus oleiferus into high-protein products has been developed in the prior art. In view of this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for improving the conversion efficiency of cyperus chinensis feed fermentation protein. In the face of the technical problem that the protein content of cyperus chinensis raw materials in the prior art is low and it is difficult to process them into high-protein products, the present invention firstly cold-presses cyperus chinensis to obtain cyperus chinensis cakes and improves the proportion of protein in the raw materials. The cyperus chinensis cakes and chitosan oligosaccharides are then mixed, and the inoculated strains are fermented and cultured under suitable conditions, so that the lower protein content in the cyperus chinensis raw materials can be efficiently converted, thereby obtaining high-quality cyperus chinensis feed fermentation protein.

[0007] Among them, from the perspective of fermentation raw materials, chitosan oligosaccharides are small molecules rich in a large number of active groups. Their role in improving protein conversion efficiency includes: First, chitosan oligosaccharides have the effect of promoting microbial growth, which can enhance the activity of bacteria during the fermentation process, thereby improving the efficiency of protein synthesis. Secondly, chitosan oligosaccharides help bacteria to better utilize nitrogen sources. Nitrogen is an important element for protein synthesis, so it can promote the increase of protein content. Furthermore, chitosan oligosaccharides can regulate the microbial flora during the fermentation process, increase the number of beneficial bacteria, reduce the interference of harmful bacteria, and provide a better fermentation environment for bacteria, which is conducive to protein synthesis.

[0008] From the perspective of fermentation strains, Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the main fermentation strain, which can make full use of the sugar in the fermentation raw materials to produce bacterial protein and increase the protein content; Candida utilis can also utilize a variety of carbon sources and nitrogen sources for growth and fermentation, further increasing the protein content and bacterial biomass; Aspergillus niger can produce saccharifying enzymes to hydrolyze starch into simple sugars such as glucose, thereby promoting the saccharification process.

[0009] In addition, Aspergillus niger also contains a variety of enzyme systems such as α-amylase and transfer glucosidase, which can produce synergistic effects in the saccharification process in the presence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, further promoting the conversion of starch. Specifically, Aspergillus niger can degrade complex carbon sources, such as cellulose, to produce simple sugars, providing sufficient carbon sources for Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which can then use the simple sugars produced by Aspergillus niger for fermentation and produce bacterial proteins, thereby increasing the protein content.

[0010] In summary, the present invention maximizes the protein conversion efficiency by synergizing the raw materials and bacterial strains in multiple aspects. The overall process is simple, efficient, and easy to operate, and is particularly suitable for large-scale industrial production.

[0011] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for improving the conversion efficiency of cyperus chinensis feed fermentation protein, comprising the following steps: uniformly mixing cyperus chinensis cake, chitosan oligosaccharide and water, inoculating fermentation bacteria, and fermenting and culturing at a certain temperature for a period of time, thereby improving the conversion efficiency of cyperus chinensis feed fermentation protein.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the cyperus juncea cake is derived from the bean cake obtained after oil is extracted from cyperus juncea.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, the amount of chitosan oligosaccharide is 1 / 10,000 to 2% of the mass of cyperus oleifera cake.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the ratio of the mass of the cyperus juncea cake to the total volume of the fermentation bacteria and water is 1g:(0.5-1.5)ml; preferably, the ratio of the mass of the cyperus juncea cake to the total volume of the fermentation bacteria and water is 1g:1ml.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, the fermentation bacteria include yeast or a mixed strain of yeast and Aspergillus niger.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, the added amount of the fermentation bacteria is 5-40% of the total mass of the cyperus juncea cake; preferably, the added amount of the fermentation bacteria is more than 10% of the total mass of the cyperus juncea cake.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment, the yeast comprises Saccharomyces cerevisiae or a mixed strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida utilis; preferably, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae is Angel yeast.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment, the fermentation culture temperature is 28-43°C, and the fermentation culture time is 24-60h.

[0019] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing high-quality cyperus oleiferus feed fermented protein. The fermented product prepared by any of the above methods is dried to prepare the cyperus oleiferus feed fermented protein. The drying method can be a conventional method known to those skilled in the art, such as spray drying or low-temperature drying.

[0020] Another object of the present invention is to provide a high-quality cyperus oleifera feed fermented protein prepared by the above method, wherein the protein content of the obtained cyperus oleifera feed fermented protein can reach 45%.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages:

[0022] 1. In the present invention, the fermentation raw materials used are only cyperus oleifera meal, chitosan oligosaccharide and water, which can provide comprehensive nutrients for the fermentation strains while simplifying the formula to the greatest extent, and carry out efficient conversion of protein. Among them, chitosan oligosaccharide is a small molecule substance, rich in a large number of active groups, and has the effect of promoting microbial growth and enhancing the activity of strains. At the same time, chitosan oligosaccharide helps strains to better utilize nitrogen sources, regulate the microbial flora in the fermentation process, increase the number of beneficial bacteria, and further promote protein synthesis.

[0023] 2. In the present invention, the fermentation strains used are Saccharomyces cerevisiae as the main fermentation strains, and are compounded with Candida utilis and / or Aspergillus niger. Among them, Saccharomyces cerevisiae can make full use of the sugars in the fermentation raw materials to produce bacterial proteins and increase the protein content; Candida utilis can also use a variety of carbon sources and nitrogen sources for growth and fermentation, further increasing the protein content and bacterial biomass; Aspergillus niger can produce saccharifying enzymes to hydrolyze starch into simple sugars such as glucose, thereby promoting the saccharification process. In addition, Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae can produce synergistic effects during co-fermentation: Aspergillus niger can degrade complex carbon sources, such as cellulose, to produce simple sugars, and provide sufficient carbon sources for Saccharomyces cerevisiae, while Saccharomyces cerevisiae can use the simple sugars produced by Aspergillus niger for fermentation to produce bacterial proteins, thereby increasing the protein content.

[0024] 3. The overall process of the present invention is simple, efficient, easy to operate, has low requirements on equipment and production conditions, and has a high protein conversion rate of the obtained product, which is particularly suitable for large-scale industrial production. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific implementation methods, but it should be understood that the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific implementation methods.

[0026] The embodiments of the present invention provide high-quality cyperus juncea feed fermented protein, thereby overcoming the limitation that cyperus juncea is mostly utilized for oil extraction in the prior art and other cyperus juncea products are rarely used, and solving the common industry problem that cyperus juncea raw materials have low protein content and are difficult to produce high-protein products.

[0027] The technical solution in the present invention is to solve the above problems, and the overall idea is as follows: In the present invention, first, the cyperus rotundus is cold-pressed to obtain cyperus rotundus cake to increase the proportion of protein in the raw material. Then, the cyperus rotundus cake is mixed with chitosan oligosaccharide, and the inoculated strain is fermented and cultured under suitable conditions, so that the lower protein content in the cyperus rotundus raw material can be efficiently converted, thereby obtaining a high-protein cyperus rotundus product. Then, the fermentation product is collected and dried to obtain high-quality cyperus rotundus feed fermentation protein. The overall process is simple, efficient, easy to operate, and is particularly suitable for large-scale industrial production.

[0028] The technical solution of the present application is described in detail below through specific embodiments:

[0029] Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the present invention are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art, and the various raw materials, reagents, instruments and equipment used in the present invention can be purchased from the market or prepared by existing methods. The reagents used in the present invention are analytically pure unless otherwise specified.

[0030] In the present invention, parts by weight may be μg, mg, g, kg or other weight units known in the art, or multiples thereof, such as 1 / 10, 1 / 100, 10 times, 100 times or the like.

[0031] The cyperus juncea cake used in the embodiments of the present invention is selected from the byproduct of cyperus juncea oil pressing. Specifically, the cyperus juncea oil is produced by physical pressing. The preparation process does not involve the addition of any chemical substances. The oil product produced is of good quality. Different from the oil produced by the leaching method, no chemical agents and solvents need to be added.

[0032] The brewer's yeast used in the embodiments of the present invention is commercially available Angel Yeast, and the strains used are all strains of liquid fermentation in advance. The preparation method of the liquid fermentation strain is as follows: the mother strain or the original strain is inoculated into a culture bottle containing 100 ml of PDA liquid culture medium, and static fermentation culture is carried out at a temperature of 30° C. for 16 hours to obtain strains of liquid fermentation one day in advance.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] A method for improving the conversion efficiency of cyperus oleifera feed fermentation protein comprises the following steps:

[0035] 70g of cyperus juncea cake, 0.2% chitosan oligosaccharide by weight of cyperus juncea cake, 10mL of strain A fermented in liquid one day in advance, and 60mL of water were mixed and stirred evenly. The culture medium was spread to a thickness of 1cm and cultured in a 30°C incubator for 48 hours. After the culture was completed, the protein content of the fermented sample was determined. The fermented strain A was prepared by mixing 5ml of Angel yeast strain (5% inoculation amount) fermented in liquid one day in advance and 5ml of Aspergillus niger strain (0.5% inoculation amount) fermented in liquid one day in advance.

[0036] Example 2

[0037] A method for improving the conversion efficiency of cyperus oleifera feed fermentation protein comprises the following steps:

[0038] 70 g of cyperus juncea cake, 0.2% chitosan oligosaccharide by weight of cyperus juncea cake, 5 mL of strain B fermented in liquid one day in advance, and 65 mL of water were mixed and stirred evenly. The culture medium was spread to a thickness of 1 cm and cultured in an incubator at 30° C. for 48 hours. After the culture was completed, the protein content of the fermented sample was determined. The preparation method of the fermented strain B was as follows: after mixing Angel Saccharomyces strain (5% inoculation amount) and Aspergillus niger strain (0.5% inoculation amount), the mixed strains were fermented in liquid one day in advance.

[0039] Example 3

[0040] A method for improving the conversion efficiency of cyperus oleifera feed fermentation protein comprises the following steps:

[0041] 70 g of cyperus juncea cake, 0.2% chitosan oligosaccharide by weight of cyperus juncea cake, 5 mL of strain B fermented in liquid one day in advance, and 65 mL of water were mixed and stirred evenly. The culture medium was spread to a thickness of 1 cm and cultured in a 30° C. incubator for 60 hours. After the culture was completed, the protein content of the fermented sample was determined. The preparation method of the fermented strain B was as follows: after mixing Angel Saccharomyces strain (5% inoculation amount) and Aspergillus niger strain (0.5% inoculation amount), the mixed strains were fermented in liquid one day in advance.

[0042] Example 4

[0043] A method for improving the conversion efficiency of cyperus oleifera feed fermentation protein comprises the following steps:

[0044] 70g of cyperus juncea cake, 1% of chitosan oligosaccharide by weight of cyperus juncea cake, 5mL of strain B fermented in liquid one day in advance, and 65mL of water were mixed and stirred evenly. The culture medium was spread to a thickness of 1cm and cultured in an incubator at 30°C for 60 hours. After the culture was completed, the protein content of the fermented sample was determined. The preparation method of the fermented strain B was as follows: after mixing Angel Saccharomyces strain (5% inoculation amount) and Aspergillus niger strain (0.5% inoculation amount), the mixed strains were fermented in liquid one day in advance.

[0045] Example 5

[0046] A method for improving the conversion efficiency of cyperus oleifera feed fermentation protein comprises the following steps:

[0047] 70g of cyperus juncea cake, chitosan oligosaccharide of 1% by weight of cyperus juncea cake, 5mL of strain C fermented in liquid one day in advance, and 65mL of water were mixed and stirred evenly, the culture medium was spread to a thickness of 1cm, and cultured in an incubator at 30°C for 60 hours. After the culture was completed, the protein content of the fermented sample was determined; wherein the preparation method of the fermented strain C was as follows: after mixing Angel Saccharomyces strain (10% inoculation amount), Candida utilis strain (3.5% inoculation amount) and Aspergillus niger strain (1.5% inoculation amount), the mixed strains were fermented in liquid one day in advance.

[0048] The protein contents of the raw materials and fermentation products used in Examples 1-5 were measured, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0049] Table 1

[0050] project Example 5 Example 4 Example 3 Example 2 Example 1 Cyperus oleifera meal Protein Content 45.0％ 31.3％ 27.7％ 24.90％ 22.70％ 5.03％

[0051] Comparative Example 1

[0052] Mix 80g of cyperus oleifera meal, 5mL of Angel yeast fermented in liquid form one day in advance, and 25mL of water, stir evenly, spread the culture medium to a thickness of 1cm, and culture it in an incubator at 30℃ for 48 hours. After the culture is completed, measure the protein content of the fermented sample.

[0053] Comparative Example 2

[0054] Mix 80g of cyperus oleifera meal, 5mL of Angel yeast fermented in liquid form one day in advance, and 65mL of water, stir evenly, spread the culture medium to a thickness of 1cm, and culture it in a 30℃ incubator for 48 hours. After the culture is completed, measure the protein content of the fermented sample.

[0055] The protein content of the raw materials and fermentation products used in Comparative Example 1-2 was measured, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0056] Table 2

[0057] project Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 1 Cyperus oleifera meal Protein Content 19.3％ 15.6％ 5.1％

[0058] Results and discussion: As can be seen from Tables 1 and 2, the protein conversion rate of the mixed strains after liquid culture for a period of time before inoculation and fermentation is significantly higher than that of the single strains after liquid culture and mixed inoculation. The reason may be that during liquid fermentation, Angel yeast and Aspergillus niger have produced a synergistic effect. Aspergillus niger can degrade complex carbon sources such as cellulose and produce simple sugars, providing sufficient carbon sources for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Saccharomyces cerevisiae can use the simple sugars produced by Aspergillus niger for fermentation and produce bacterial protein, thereby increasing the protein content. In addition, chitosan oligosaccharides have a significant promoting effect on improving protein conversion rate.

[0059] After the fermentation is completed, the fermentation product prepared in Examples 1-4 is filtered, and the filtrate of the fermentation liquid is collected and spray-dried at 30° C. to obtain high-quality Cyperus oleifera feed fermentation protein.

[0060] The foregoing description of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention is for the purpose of illustration and demonstration. These descriptions are not intended to limit the present invention to the precise form disclosed, and it is clear that many changes and variations can be made based on the above teachings. The purpose of selecting and describing the exemplary embodiments is to explain the specific principles of the present invention and its practical application, so that those skilled in the art can realize and utilize various different exemplary embodiments of the present invention and various different selections and changes. The scope of the present invention is intended to be limited by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for improving the conversion efficiency of cyperus oleifera feed fermentation protein, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The conversion efficiency of cyperus oleifera feed fermentation protein can be improved by evenly mixing cyperus oleifera meal, chitosan oligosaccharide and water, inoculating fermentation bacteria, and fermenting at a certain temperature for a period of time.

2. A method for improving the conversion efficiency of cyperus oleifera feed fermentation protein as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The amount of chitosan oligosaccharide used is 1 / 10,000 to 2% of the mass of jatropha oleifera cake.

3. A method for improving the conversion efficiency of cyperus oleifera feed fermentation protein as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The ratio of the mass of the cyperus juncea cake to the total volume of the fermentation bacteria and water is 1g: (0.5-1.5)ml.

4. A method for improving the conversion efficiency of cyperus oleifera feed fermentation protein as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The fermentation strains include yeast or a mixed strain of yeast and Aspergillus niger.

5. A method for improving the conversion efficiency of cyperus oleifera feed fermentation protein as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The added amount of the fermentation bacteria is 5-40% of the total mass of the cyperus juncea cake.

6. A method for improving the conversion efficiency of cyperus oleifera feed fermentation protein as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The yeast includes Saccharomyces cerevisiae or a mixed strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida utilis.

7. A method for improving the conversion efficiency of cyperus oleifera feed fermentation protein as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The fermentation culture temperature is 28-43° C., and the fermentation culture time is 24-60 hours.

8. A method for preparing high-quality Cyperus oleifera feed fermented protein, characterized in that: The fermented protein for feed use of Cyperus oleifera can be prepared by drying the fermented product according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

9. The high-quality fermented protein for feed prepared by the method of claim 8, characterized in that: The protein content of the cyperus oleifera feed fermented protein can reach 45%.