Special fertilizer for reducing application of strawberry chemical fertilizer as well as preparation method and application of special fertilizer

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of fertilizer preparation, in particular to a special fertilizer for reducing application of a strawberry chemical fertilizer as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The invention provides a special fertilizer for reducing application of strawberry chemical fertilizer, which takes rape seed cake and bean cake fermented fertilizer as main raw materials. The special fertilizer can effectively reduce the application amount of chemical fertilizer, improves the soil environment and pH value, is beneficial to improving the yield and quality of strawberries, and further increases economic benefits. The invention also provides a preparation method of the special fertilizer, the preparation method successfully realizes the purpose of using rape seed cakes, bean cakes and straws as main raw materials to prepare the strawberry chemical fertilizer, the application of the special fertilizer is reduced, meanwhile, the method can produce the strawberry special organic fertilizer with high fertilizer efficiency and low cost within 20-30 days, and the defects that the composting time is long and the cost is low in the prior art are overcome. The method overcomes the defects of large fertilizer efficiency loss, miscellaneous fertilizer for strawberry farmers, large fertilizer consumption and high cost, has the advantages of simplicity in operation and convenience in preparation, and not only is favorable for shortening the fermentation period, but also can reduce nitrogen loss.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of fertilizer preparation, and in particular to a special fertilizer for reducing chemical fertilizer application of strawberry, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Fertilizer is an important component of agricultural production and plays a vital role in the development of my country's agriculture. However, the efficiency-enhancing ability of fertilizer is constrained by the law of diminishing returns and has certain limitations in agricultural production. At present, the phenomenon of blind fertilization in the agricultural production stage is quite serious, resulting in reduced crop yields, soil compaction, agricultural non-point source pollution and other phenomena. Fertilizer reduction and efficiency-enhancing technology is to use scientific fertilization methods and new fertilizers to achieve the purpose of reducing fertilizers and increasing efficiency and improving fertilizer output ratio while stabilizing crop yields.

[0003] At present, the unreasonable application of chemical fertilizers in strawberry cultivation leads to the problems of soil organic matter content decreasing year by year, extremely unbalanced mineral nutrient supply, soil acidification and hardening, and reduced fertility, which are very common, and ultimately cause product quality decline and ecological environment damage. In addition, there are many types of fertilizers on the market, many functions and a mixed bag, which are not targeted. It is difficult for farmers to choose fertilizers that match the high yield and high quality of crops, which greatly restricts the healthy development of the industry, and urgently needs to support the production technology of reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and increasing efficiency to maintain the ecological development of the industry. Therefore, the present invention provides a new functional fertilizer specifically applied to the strawberry industry, which is crucial to solve the problems of soil degradation and strawberry yield decline caused by excessive application of chemical fertilizers in the strawberry planting process. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a strawberry fertilizer for reducing chemical fertilizer application and a preparation method and application thereof, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art. The strawberry fertilizer for reducing chemical fertilizer application provided by the present invention can effectively reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer application, improve the soil environment and pH, and is conducive to improving the yield and quality of strawberries.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0006] The invention provides a special fertilizer for reducing chemical fertilizer application of strawberries, wherein the special fertilizer for reducing chemical fertilizer application of strawberries comprises fermented rapeseed cake fertilizer and fermented bean cake fertilizer;

[0007] The rapeseed cake fermented fertilizer comprises the following raw materials: rapeseed cake, rice bran, straw, egg shell, high temperature fermentation bacteria agent and water; the mass ratio of the rapeseed cake, the rice bran, the straw, the egg shell, the high temperature fermentation bacteria agent and the water is (10-15): (30-35): (30-35): (8-10): (1-1.8): (80-100);

[0008] The bean cake fermentation fertilizer includes the following raw materials: bean cake, rice bran, straw, egg shell, high temperature fermentation bacteria agent and water; the mass ratio of the bean cake, the rice bran, the straw, the egg shell, the high temperature fermentation bacteria agent and the water is (5-10): (20-25): (30-35): (7-10): (1-1.6): (80-100).

[0009] Further preferably, the rapeseed cake fermented fertilizer comprises the following raw materials by mass: 10-15kg rapeseed cake, 30-35kg rice bran, 30-35kg straw, 8-10kg egg shell, 1-1.8kg high temperature fermentation agent and 80-100kg water;

[0010] The bean cake fermentation fertilizer comprises the following raw materials: 5-10kg bean cake, 20-25kg rice bran, 30-35kg straw, 7-10kg egg shell, 1-1.6kg high temperature fermentation agent and 80-100kg water.

[0011] Preferably, the mass ratio of the rapeseed cake fermented fertilizer to the soybean cake fermented fertilizer is 1:1.

[0012] Preferably, the high temperature fermentation bacteria include common thermophilic actinomycetes, Bacillus Velezii and Bacillus subtilis.

[0013] Preferably, the method for preparing the fermented rapeseed cake fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0014] The rapeseed cake, the straw, the egg shell and the water are mixed to obtain a fermentation raw material; the mass ratio of the rapeseed cake, the straw, the egg shell and the water is (10-15): (30-35): (8-10): (80-100);

[0015] The high temperature fermentation agent and the rice bran are mixed to obtain a standby fermentation agent; based on the mass of the rapeseed cake, the mass ratio of the high temperature fermentation agent to the rice bran is (30-35): (1-1.8);

[0016] The fermentation raw material and the standby fermentation bacterial agent are mixed and then composted and fermented to obtain the rapeseed cake fermented fertilizer.

[0017] Preferably, the method for preparing the fermented soybean cake fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0018] The bean cake, the straw, the egg shell and the water are mixed to obtain a fermentation raw material; the mass ratio of the bean cake, the straw, the egg shell and the water is (5-10): (20-25): (7-10): (80-100);

[0019] The high temperature fermentation agent and the rice bran are mixed to obtain a standby fermentation agent; based on the mass of the bean cake, the mass ratio of the high temperature fermentation agent to the rice bran is (30-35): (1-1.6);

[0020] The fermentation raw material and the standby fermentation bacterial agent are mixed and then composted and fermented to obtain the bean cake fermented fertilizer.

[0021] Further preferably, the straw includes rice straw or wheat straw, but is not limited to rice straw and wheat straw.

[0022] The present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned special fertilizer for reducing chemical fertilizer application of strawberry, comprising the following steps:

[0023] The fermented rapeseed cake fertilizer and the fermented bean cake fertilizer are evenly mixed to obtain the special fertilizer for reducing chemical fertilizer application of strawberries.

[0024] Preferably, the mass ratio of the rapeseed cake fermented fertilizer to the soybean cake fermented fertilizer is 1:1.

[0025] Preferably, the method for preparing the fermented rapeseed fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0026] The rapeseed cake, the straw, the egg shell and the water are mixed to obtain a fermentation raw material; the mass ratio of the rapeseed cake, the straw, the egg shell and the water is (10-15): (30-35): (8-10): (80-100);

[0027] The high temperature fermentation agent and the rice bran are mixed to obtain a standby fermentation agent; based on the mass of the rapeseed cake, the mass ratio of the high temperature fermentation agent to the rice bran is (30-35): (1-1.8);

[0028] The fermentation raw material and the standby fermentation bacterial agent are mixed and then composted and fermented to obtain the rapeseed cake fermented fertilizer.

[0029] Preferably, the method for preparing the fermented soybean cake fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0030] The bean cake, the straw, the egg shell and the water are mixed to obtain a fermentation raw material; the mass ratio of the bean cake, the straw, the egg shell and the water is (5-10): (20-25): (7-10): (80-100);

[0031] The high temperature fermentation agent and the rice bran are mixed to obtain a standby fermentation agent; based on the mass of the bean cake, the mass ratio of the high temperature fermentation agent to the rice bran is (30-35): (1-1.6);

[0032] The fermentation raw material and the standby fermentation bacterial agent are mixed and then composted and fermented to obtain the bean cake fermented fertilizer.

[0033] The present invention provides the application of the above-mentioned special fertilizer for reducing chemical fertilizer application of strawberry in one or more of the following items:

[0034] (1) Application in increasing strawberry yield;

[0035] (2) Application in improving strawberry quality;

[0036] (3) Application in soil improvement;

[0037] (4) Application in reducing the use of chemical fertilizers.

[0038] More preferably, the improving the quality of strawberries is to increase the sugar content of strawberries.

[0039] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0040] The invention provides a strawberry fertilizer for reducing chemical fertilizer application, which uses rapeseed cake and bean cake fermented fertilizer as main raw materials. The special fertilizer can effectively reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer application, improve the soil environment and pH, and is conducive to improving the yield and quality of strawberries, and further increasing economic benefits.

[0041] The present invention also provides a preparation method of the special fertilizer, which successfully achieves the purpose of producing a special fertilizer for strawberry with reduced chemical fertilizer application by using rapeseed cake, bean cake and straw as main raw materials. At the same time, the method can produce a special organic fertilizer for strawberries with high fertilizer efficiency and low cost within 20-30 days, overcoming the defects of the prior art that the composting time is long (2-6 months), the fertilizer efficiency loss is large, and the strawberry growers use miscellaneous fertilizers, large fertilizer amounts and high costs. The method has the advantages of simple operation and convenient preparation, which is not only conducive to shortening the fermentation cycle, but also can reduce nitrogen loss, and can realize factory production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0043] Figure 1 The degradation effects of different bacterial agent combinations on rapeseed cake and soybean cake;

[0044] Figure 2 This is the temperature change diagram of rapeseed cake mixed compost; the control is A treatment, and the treatment with bacterial agent is MA treatment;

[0045] Figure 3 The temperature change diagram of bean cake mixed composting; the control is B treatment, and the treatment with bacterial agent is MB treatment;

[0046] Figure 4 The germination rate of rapeseed cake mixed compost seeds; the control is A treatment, and the treatment with bacterial agent is MA treatment;

[0047] Figure 5 The germination rate of soybean cake mixed compost seeds; the control is B treatment, and the treatment with bacterial agent is MB treatment;

[0048] Figure 6 Changes in sugar content of strawberries in January for different treatments;

[0049] Figure 7 Changes in sugar content of strawberries with different treatments in March. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0051] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing a particular embodiment and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. The intermediate value in any stated value or stated range, and each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0052] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0053] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The present invention description and examples are exemplary only.

[0054] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0055] Example 1 Screening of Rapeseed Cake or Bean Cake (Bean Seed Cake) Fermentation Agent

[0056] Weigh 5 g of rapeseed cake and soybean cake respectively (recorded as dry weight M1) into a conical flask, add 100 mL of NaCl, K 2 HPO 4 and KH 2 PO 4 The culture medium (the concentration of NaCl in the culture medium is 1 mg / mL, K 2 HPO 4 The concentration of KH 2 PO 4 The concentration was 1 mg / mL), and sterilized at 121°C for 20 min to obtain sterilized rapeseed cake culture solution and sterilized soybean cake culture solution.

[0057] Common thermophilic actinomycetes, SHBCC D82675 (the strain was purchased from Shanghai Jiachu Bioengineering Co., Ltd.), Bacillus Velez (purchased from Ningbo Mingzhou Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), and Bacillus subtilis (the strain was purchased from Ningliang Bioengineering Co., Ltd.) were cultured separately to prepare bacterial suspensions. The number of effective viable bacteria in the bacterial suspensions of each strain was 10 8 CFU / mL.

[0058] Take 3mL of the mixed bacterial solution of Bacillus Velez, Bacillus subtilis and common thermophilic actinomycetes (Bacillus Velez suspension, Bacillus subtilis and common thermophilic actinomycetes suspension are mixed in a volume ratio of 1:1:1) and add them to the sterilized rapeseed cake culture solution and the sterilized soybean cake culture solution, respectively, and record them as C and D. At the same time, rapeseed cake culture solution (CK-C) and soybean cake culture solution (CK-D) without adding bacterial agents were set as controls, with 3 parallels for each treatment. Culture at 37℃, 180rpm for 5 days, then filter, discard the centrifuge, dry and weigh it as M2, and calculate the degradation rate. The calculation formula of the degradation rate is: Degradation rate = (M1-M2) / M1. Results are shown in Figure 1 The results showed that the degradation efficiency of soybean cake and rapeseed cake by different mixed bacteria was about 75%, which was much higher than the control (10%). Therefore, the mixed bacterial liquid of Bacillus Velez, common thermophilic actinomycetes and Bacillus subtilis was used to ferment rapeseed cake and soybean cake.

[0059] Example 2 Composting Test

[0060] ① The rapeseed cake, rice bran and wheat straw were prepared in a mass ratio of 1:3:3 to obtain a rapeseed cake mixed fermentation material (A), and the bean cake, rice bran and straw were prepared in a mass ratio of 1:4:5 to obtain a bean cake mixed fermentation material (B) (the properties of each raw material are shown in Table 1), and the carbon-nitrogen ratio was adjusted to 25 and the moisture content was 60%. Eggshell crumbs (the amount of eggshell crumbs was 8.7% of the mass of the rapeseed cake mixed fermentation material or the bean cake mixed fermentation material) were added for composting as a control.

[0061] ② Set up a simultaneous facility for adding bacterial agents, denoted as MA and MB. 1 kg of high temperature fermentation bacterial agent (mixed bacterial liquid of Bacillus Velez, common high temperature actinomycetes and Bacillus subtilis mixed in a volume ratio of 1:1:1, prepared in Example 1), can ferment 150-180 kg of rapeseed cake mixed fermentation material or bean cake mixed fermentation material;

[0062] The steps of preparing rapeseed cake fermented fertilizer are as follows: first, 1.8 kg of high temperature fermentation bacteria agent and 30 kg of rice bran are uniformly dry-mixed and diluted without adding water to obtain a fermentation bacteria agent, and then 30 kg of straw (wheat straw), 8 kg of egg shells, 10 kg of rapeseed cake and 97.7 kg of water are uniformly mixed to obtain a fermentation raw material, and the fermentation bacteria agent is sprinkled while mixing the rapeseed cake to obtain a fermented rapeseed cake mixture (MA);

[0063] The steps of preparing bean cake fermented fertilizer are as follows: first, 1.5 kg of high temperature fermentation bacteria agent and 24 kg of rice bran are evenly dry-mixed and diluted without adding water to obtain a fermentation bacteria agent for standby use; then, 30 kg of straw (wheat straw), 7 kg of egg shells, 6 kg of bean cake and 84.0 kg of water are evenly mixed to obtain a fermentation raw material, and the fermentation bacteria agent is sprinkled while mixing the rapeseed cake to obtain a fermented bean cake mixture (MB), and attention is paid to adjusting the appropriate moisture content, and the moisture content of the raw material is controlled between 55-65%.

[0064] ③Build a fermentation pile: Build a fermentation pile for the mixture obtained in step ① and step ②. The fermentation pile is generally 1.5m wide and 2m long, with a total volume of not less than 1m 3 After construction, cover the pile with a breathable film to provide shade and shelter from rain.

[0065] ④ Turn the pile: After fermentation begins, the temperature can rise to 60℃ or above in about 1-2 days. Turn the pile every 8 days and add water to about 60%. Fermentation can be completed after 3 times in total.

[0066] ⑤ Add nitrifying bacteria: When the compost temperature drops below 40°C, add 0.8 kg of heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria-Brevimonas suspension (preservation number: CGMCC No. 29279, disclosed in Chinese patent "202410603286.6") to the fermented rapeseed cake mixture (MA) or fermented soybean cake mixture (MB), with a concentration of 10 9CFU / mL), stir evenly and continue fermenting until the compost temperature drops to room temperature and stops fermentation.

[0067] ⑥ The fermented materials are rapeseed cake mixed fertilizer, bean cake mixed fertilizer, rapeseed cake mixed fertilizer with bacterial agent and bean cake mixed fertilizer with bacterial agent. All of the above fertilizers are black or dark brown, soft to the touch, easy to break, and slightly fragrant (basic physical and chemical properties are shown in Table 2).

[0068] Table 1 Basic physical and chemical properties of each material before fermentation

[0069] Organic matter (%) Total nitrogen (%) <![CDATA[P 2 THE 5 (%)]]> <![CDATA[K 2 O(%)]]> Rapeseed Cake 78.46 4.89 1.931 1.56 cake 64.45 7.44 1.549 3.68 Rice bran 69.97 1.56 1.212 1.10 Wheat straw 70.46 0.52 0.084 2.08

[0070] Table 2 Basic physical and chemical properties of mixed compost materials after fermentation

[0071] deal with Organic matter (%) Total nitrogen (%) <![CDATA[P 2 THE 5 (%)]]> <![CDATA[K 2 O(%)]]> A 43.11 3.03 3.80 3.5 B 45.54 3.07 3.17 3.21 MA 42.91 2.66 2.40 3.49 MB 42.69 2.55 2.81 2.51

[0072] The fermentation temperature of different treatments was investigated, and the results were as follows Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown.

[0073] Depend on Figure 2 It can be seen that there is no significant difference in temperature change between the MA (rapeseed cake mixed with bacterial agent fermentation) and the A treatment without bacterial agent during the high temperature period (2-24 days). Starting from the 25th day, the temperature of the MA treatment dropped faster than that of the control. After the 38th day, the temperature of the MA treatment dropped to room temperature earlier than that of the control.

[0074] Depend on Figure 3 It can be seen that the temperature of MB (soybean cake plus bacterial agent) during the high temperature period (2-21d) was significantly higher than that of B treatment without bacterial agent, and the temperature drop rate was higher than that of B treatment starting from the 27th day of composting; after the 36th day, the temperature change trend was not significantly different from that of B treatment.

[0075] In summary, the treatments with added bacterial agents (MA and MB) have the advantage of earlier decomposition compared with the treatments without added bacterial agents (A and B).

[0076] At the same time, the germination rate of seeds with different treatments was measured. Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the seed germination rates of treatment A and treatment B were significantly lower than those of treatment MA and treatment MB at 47 days of composting. At the end of composting, the seed germination rates of treatment MA and treatment MB were both over 100%. On the 28th day of composting, the seed germination rates of treatment A and treatment B were 69.8% and 66.1%, respectively, which did not meet the 80% seed germination rate required in production as a maturity indicator. The rates of treatment MA and treatment MB were 81.5% and 83.6%, respectively.

[0077] In summary, the time when the seed germination rate of MA and MB treatments reached 80% was earlier than that of A and B treatments, which significantly shortened the composting time.

[0078] Example 3 Fertilizer reduction application test of strawberry-specific liquid fertilizer

[0079] ① The experiment was set up in the glass greenhouse of this unit, and 500 kg of commercial organic fertilizer was applied per mu as a base fertilizer at one time. Liquid organic fertilizer was used in combination with chemical fertilizer (specifically: the rapeseed cake mixed fertilizer and the bean cake mixed fertilizer in Experimental Example 2 were mixed at a mass ratio of 1:1 (A+B); the rapeseed cake mixed fertilizer with bacterial agent and the bean cake mixed fertilizer with bacterial agent were also mixed at a mass ratio of 1:1 (MA+MB); then A+B and MA+MB were filtered through a gauze according to a mass ratio of 1:5 (A+B or MA+MB: water), and then filtered twice with water according to a mass ratio of 1:5 (A+B or MA+MB: water). The liquids after the two filtrations were mixed and used, recorded as liquid organic fertilizer, recorded as A+B fertilizer and MA+MB fertilizer, respectively, and the basic properties are shown in Table 3). Starting from November 2, 2023, topdressing was applied once a week, root application, and the application amount was shown in Table 4; it continued until April 10 of the following year, for a total of 24 applications. The conventional fertilization of CK was used as the control, and 3g of nitrogen was applied to each strawberry plant. The experiment set up treatments A1, A2, A3, A4, B1, B2, B3 and B4; A1, A2, A3 and A4 used A+B fertilizer to replace part of the chemical fertilizer, so that the amount of chemical fertilizer in the corresponding topdressing treatment was reduced by 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% respectively; MA+MB fertilizer was used to replace part of the chemical fertilizer in the treatment of B1, B2, B3 and B4, so that the amount of chemical fertilizer in the corresponding topdressing treatment was reduced by 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% respectively; nitrogen fertilizer was applied with potassium nitrate; according to the content of phosphorus and potassium in the base fertilizer and the maximum amount of topdressing, the applied phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer were supplemented with potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and each treatment was repeated 3 times (see Table 5). The field management during the growth of strawberries was consistent.

[0080] On September 8, 2023, the land was prepared and basal fertilizer was applied according to the design of each treatment. The ridge was raised to 0.9m, the width of the ridge was about 0.6m, the width of the ridge was about 0.4m, and the width of the furrow was 0.3m. Transplanting was carried out on September 12, 2023, single ridge and double rows, with a plant spacing of 20cm. 30 plants were planted in each treatment in each plot, and protective rows were set up around. The ground film was covered in October 2023. It ended on April 25 of the following year.

[0081] Table 3 Quick-acting nutrients of liquid fertilizer for strawberries

[0082] <![CDATA[NH 4 + -N(mg / kg)]]> <![CDATA[NO 3 - -N(mg / kg)]]> Fast-acting K (mg / kg) Effective P (mg / kg) A+B Fertilizer 91.18 148.70 1656.90 296.32 MA+MB fertilizer 29.12 192.96 1244.28 278.54

[0083] Table 4 Application amount of each treatment

[0084] deal with Application amount (mL / plant) A1(replace 20% of chemical fertilizers) 31.3 A2 (replace 30% of chemical fertilizers) 47.0 A3 (replace 40% of chemical fertilizers) 62.6 A4(Replace 50% of chemical fertilizers) 78.3 B1(replace 20% chemical fertilizer) 35.9 B2 (replace 30% of chemical fertilizers) 53.9 B3 (replace 40% of chemical fertilizers) 71.9 B4(Replace 50% of chemical fertilizers) 89.8

[0085] Note: The application amount of each treatment is determined according to the nitrogen content of the fertilizer.

[0086] Table 5 Fertilizer reduction test for strawberry-specific liquid fertilizer

[0087]

[0088] Note: Fertilizer N refers to the calculation of nitrogen element, 1.5gN is applied per plant.

[0089] ②Measurement items and data processing

[0090] After the strawberries matured, they were harvested in batches. The first harvest was on December 29, 2023, and the last harvest was on May 8, 2024. The yield of the harvested fruit was counted. After each harvest, the average yield of commercial fruit and the removal of diseased and deformed fruit were counted for each treatment. The sugar content of the strawberries was measured with a handheld sugar light meter in January and early March. The experimental results were subjected to variance analysis, and SPSS19.0 was used for LSD significance analysis after statistics. The results are shown in Table 6. Figure 6 and Figure 7 shown.

[0091] Table 6 Average yield per plant under different treatments

[0092] deal with Average yield per plant (g / plant) Average yield per plant after removing diseased, deformed and small fruits (g / plant) CK 382.2±39.8 316.0±29.5 A1(replace 20% of chemical fertilizers) 369.5±43.9 285.4±21.6 A2 (replace 30% of chemical fertilizers) 384.4±21.6 313.3±30.5 A3 (replace 40% of chemical fertilizers) 382.5±5.6 308.3±29.8 A4(Replace 50% of chemical fertilizers) 405.0±18.3 338.2±15.6 B1(replace 20% chemical fertilizer) 377.1±31.1 312.6±14.7 B2 (replace 30% of chemical fertilizers) 403.4±10.4 342.1±19.8 B3 (replace 40% of chemical fertilizers) 396.8±10.7 328.1±21.8 B4(Replace 50% of chemical fertilizers) 412.4±47.2 348.9±26.4

[0093] As can be seen from Table 5, the average yield of strawberry per plant in B4 treatment is the highest, which is 412g / plant, 9.5% higher than that in CK treatment (382.2g / plant); after removing diseased and deformed fruit and small fruit, the average yield of strawberry per plant in this treatment is 348.9g / plant, 12.4% higher than that in CK control (316.0g / plant). It can be seen that the fertilizer provided by the present invention can not only increase production, but also significantly reduce the amount of diseased and deformed fruit and small fruit than pure chemical fertilizer, and effectively improve the quality.

[0094] Depend on Figure 6 and Figure 7 It can be seen that the sugar content of different treatments in January varies greatly. The sugar content of CK treatment is lower, which is 12.3, while the sugar content of A4 and B4 treatments is higher, both exceeding 13. In March, the temperature is higher. At this time, the sugar content of strawberries treated with B4 is stable at more than 13, while the sugar content of strawberries treated with CK is 12.1.

[0095] ③ Soil samples were collected from different plots, and sampling points were selected in each plot according to the S-shaped line, with a sampling depth of 0-20 cm. The collected fresh soil samples were fully mixed and passed through a 2 mm sieve, placed in a sterile plastic bag, and stored in a 4 ° C refrigerator for the determination of soil inorganic nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium. The results are shown in Table 7.

[0096] Table 7 Contents of nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in soil samples with different treatments

[0097]

[0098] As shown in Table 7, the nitrate nitrogen content of the soil in the B2-B4 treatments with added bacterial agents was higher than that of the control, and the effective P and effective K contents in the soil sample treated with B4 were the highest. This indicates that the strawberry special fertilizer provided by the present invention can effectively increase the content of nitrate nitrogen, available potassium and available phosphorus in the soil. It can be seen that the strawberry chemical fertilizer reduction special fertilizer provided by the present invention can effectively replace the amount of chemical fertilizer applied in topdressing, and the replacement amount reaches 50%.

[0099] In summary, the results of the above embodiments illustrate that the method for manufacturing a rapeseed cake and bean cake fermented strawberry organic fertilizer provided in the present invention can successfully achieve the production of high-efficiency and low-cost strawberry organic fertilizer within 20-30 days using rapeseed cake, bean cake and straw as main raw materials, overcoming the defects of the prior art such as long composting time (2-6 months), large fertilizer loss, and strawberry growers using miscellaneous fertilizers, large fertilizer amounts, and high costs. Based on the method of the present invention, the application amount of chemical fertilizers can also be reduced by 50% at the same time, effectively increasing strawberry yield, improving strawberry quality, and further increasing economic benefits.

[0100] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A special fertilizer for reducing chemical fertilizer application in strawberry, characterized in that: The special fertilizer for reducing chemical fertilizer application of strawberries includes fermented rapeseed cake fertilizer and fermented bean cake fertilizer; The rapeseed cake fermented fertilizer comprises the following raw materials: rapeseed cake, rice bran, straw, egg shell, high temperature fermentation bacteria agent and water; the mass ratio of the rapeseed cake, the rice bran, the straw, the egg shell, the high temperature fermentation bacteria agent and the water is (10-15): (30-35): (30-35): (8-10): (1-1.8): (80-100); The bean cake fermentation fertilizer includes the following raw materials: bean cake, rice bran, straw, egg shell, high temperature fermentation bacteria agent and water; the mass ratio of the bean cake, the rice bran, the straw, the egg shell, the high temperature fermentation bacteria agent and the water is (5-10): (20-25): (30-35): (7-10): (1-1.6): (80-100).

2. The strawberry fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the rapeseed cake fermented fertilizer to the soybean cake fermented fertilizer is 1:

1.

3. The strawberry fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high temperature fermentation bacterial agent includes common high temperature actinomycetes, Bacillus Velez and Bacillus subtilis.

4. The strawberry fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the rapeseed cake fermented fertilizer comprises the following steps: The rapeseed cake, the straw, the egg shell and the water are mixed to obtain a fermentation raw material; the mass ratio of the rapeseed cake, the straw, the egg shell and the water is (10-15): (30-35): (8-10): (80-100); The high temperature fermentation agent and the rice bran are mixed to obtain a standby fermentation agent; based on the mass of the rapeseed cake, the mass ratio of the high temperature fermentation agent to the rice bran is (30-35): (1-1.8); The fermentation raw material and the standby fermentation bacterial agent are mixed and then composted and fermented to obtain the rapeseed cake fermented fertilizer.

5. The strawberry fertilizer for reducing chemical fertilizer application according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the soybean cake fermented fertilizer comprises the following steps: The bean cake, the straw, the egg shell and the water are mixed to obtain a fermentation raw material; the mass ratio of the bean cake, the straw, the egg shell and the water is (5-10): (20-25): (7-10): (80-100); The high temperature fermentation agent and the rice bran are mixed to obtain a standby fermentation agent; based on the mass of the bean cake, the mass ratio of the high temperature fermentation agent to the rice bran is (30-35): (1-1.6); The fermentation raw material and the standby fermentation bacterial agent are mixed and then composted and fermented to obtain the bean cake fermented fertilizer.

6. The method for preparing the special fertilizer for reducing chemical fertilizer application of strawberry according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The fermented rapeseed cake fertilizer and the fermented bean cake fertilizer are evenly mixed to obtain the special fertilizer for reducing chemical fertilizer application of strawberries.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the rapeseed cake fermented fertilizer to the soybean cake fermented fertilizer is 1:

1.

8. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The preparation method of the fermented rapeseed fertilizer comprises the following steps: The rapeseed cake, the straw, the egg shell and the water are mixed to obtain a fermentation raw material; the mass ratio of the rapeseed cake, the straw, the egg shell and the water is (10-15): (30-35): (8-10): (80-100); The high temperature fermentation agent and the rice bran are mixed to obtain a standby fermentation agent; based on the mass of the rapeseed cake, the mass ratio of the high temperature fermentation agent to the rice bran is (30-35): (1-1.8); The fermentation raw material and the standby fermentation bacterial agent are mixed and then composted and fermented to obtain the rapeseed cake fermented fertilizer.

9. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The preparation method of the soybean cake fermented fertilizer comprises the following steps: The bean cake, the straw, the egg shell and the water are mixed to obtain a fermentation raw material; the mass ratio of the bean cake, the straw, the egg shell and the water is (5-10): (20-25): (7-10): (80-100); The high temperature fermentation agent and the rice bran are mixed to obtain a standby fermentation agent; based on the mass of the bean cake, the mass ratio of the high temperature fermentation agent to the rice bran is (30-35): (1-1.6); The fermentation raw material and the standby fermentation bacterial agent are mixed and then composted and fermented to obtain bean cake fermented fertilizer.

10. Use of the special fertilizer for reducing chemical fertilizer application of strawberry according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in one or more of the following: (1) Application in increasing strawberry yield; (2) Application in improving strawberry quality; (3) Application in soil improvement; (4) Application in reducing the use of chemical fertilizers.

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