Cutter with internal cooling and lubricating structure and design method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a cutter with an internal cooling and lubricating structure and a design method of the cutter, and belongs to the technical field of cutting machining. Microtextures which are sunken inwards from the surfaces are arranged on the front tool face and the rear tool face of the tool base body; a cavity is formed in the cutter base body; a plurality of micro through holes are further formed in the front tool face and the rear tool face of the tool base body; the plurality of micro through holes are distributed in the micro texture and are communicated with the cavity; one end of the fluid channel is communicated with the cavity, and the other end of the fluid channel extends to the surface of the cutter base body so that high-pressure fluid can enter the cutter base body conveniently. The micro textures and the micro through holes are combined, the interior of the cutting area of the cutting edge part can be efficiently and rapidly cooled and lubricated, and the consumption of cooling lubricating liquid is greatly reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of cutting processing, and in particular relates to a tool with an internal cooling and lubrication structure and a design method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the cutting of difficult-to-cut materials, high cutting temperatures and cutting forces are often encountered. At this time, the cooling and lubrication problem becomes a key problem that needs to be solved urgently. At present, the commonly used cooling and lubrication methods include pouring cooling, minimum lubrication, low-temperature air cooling, dry ice cooling, liquid nitrogen cooling, spray jet, etc. However, these cooling and lubrication methods are to pour or spray the cooling and lubricating medium near the cutting area, which cannot or is difficult to actually reach the inside of the cutting area, that is, they belong to external cooling and lubrication methods. This method mainly relies on the heat conduction between the tool, chips and the external fluid, and the capillary penetration of the cutting fluid to reduce the cutting temperature and friction. This makes the cooling and lubrication efficiency very low, and it is difficult to really reduce the cutting temperature and reduce the friction. At the same time, this method also consumes a large amount of cooling and lubricating fluid, which is not conducive to environmental protection and the health of operators. It has a very limited effect on improving processing efficiency and quality and reducing production costs.

[0003] In the traditional cutting process, research has found that the penetration of cutting fluid uses capillaries as channels, but the existence of capillaries is extremely short and is always in a dynamic change of "generation-disappearance-generation". It is extremely unstable and cannot serve as a long-term channel for cutting fluid to penetrate into the cutting interface; on the other hand, cutting fluid can penetrate into the slip zone of the tool-chip interface, but it is difficult to form capillaries in the bonding zone, which makes it impossible for cutting fluid to penetrate. Therefore, efficient penetration of fluid at the tool-chip interface has become a key issue that needs to be solved in high-performance cutting of difficult-to-cut materials. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a tool with an internal cooling and lubrication structure and a design method thereof, which can achieve real-time and efficient cooling and lubrication inside the cutting area and greatly reduce the consumption of cooling and lubricating fluid.

[0005] The present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] In the first aspect, a tool with an internal cooling and lubrication structure is provided, comprising: a tool base; micro-textures that are recessed inward from the surface are arranged on the front and rear surfaces of the tool base; a cavity is arranged inside the tool base; a plurality of micro-through holes are also arranged on the front and rear surfaces of the tool base; a plurality of the micro-through holes are distributed on the micro-texture and communicated with the cavity; one end of the fluid channel is communicated with the cavity, and the other end extends to the surface of the tool base, so that high-pressure fluid can enter the tool base.

[0007] Optionally, the micro texture is a grid-like structure formed by the intersection of longitudinal grooves and transverse grooves, and the ends of the micro through holes are located at the intersections of the longitudinal grooves and the transverse grooves; and 1-3 intersections of the longitudinal grooves and the transverse grooves are spaced between two adjacent micro through holes.

[0008] Optionally, the groove depth and groove width of the longitudinal groove and the transverse groove are consistent, and the groove width is 50-200 μm, and the groove depth is 100-200 μm; the spacing between two adjacent longitudinal grooves and the spacing between two adjacent transverse grooves are both 100-300 μm.

[0009] Optionally, the depth of the micro through hole is 2-8 mm; the diameter of the micro through hole is 200-500 μm.

[0010] Optionally, the blade surface between the transverse groove and the longitudinal groove is coated with a nano coating; the nano coating is a nano alumina coating; the thickness of the nano coating is 10-50 nm.

[0011] In a second aspect, a method for designing a tool with an internal cooling and lubrication structure is provided, comprising:

[0012] Based on the flow requirements of the micro-through hole and the micro-texture, first value ranges of structural parameters of the micro-through hole and the micro-texture part are obtained respectively;

[0013] Establish a three-dimensional thermal-mechanical coupling finite element cutting simulation model of the tool matrix to obtain the temperature field and stress field of the tool matrix during cutting;

[0014] Based on the temperature field and stress field of the tool matrix cutting process, the response surface method is used to establish the relationship model between the tool surface stress and the micro-through hole and micro-texture structural parameters, and the second value range of the micro-through hole and micro-texture structural parameters is obtained according to the critical stress when the tool matrix material is damaged.

[0015] Based on the first value range of the micro-through hole and micro-texture part structural parameters and the second value range of the micro-through hole and micro-texture structural parameters, obtaining the final value range of the micro-through hole and micro-texture structural parameters;

[0016] With the goal of maximizing tool durability, the particle swarm algorithm is used to find the optimal parameter set in the final value range of micro-through hole and micro-texture structure parameters to complete the micro-through hole and micro-texture structure design.

[0017] Optionally, the first value range of the structural parameters of the micro-through holes and the micro-texture portion is solved by the following formula:

[0018]

[0019] Among them, d is the diameter of the micro-through hole, υ is the kinematic viscosity of the fluid, ρ is the viscosity of the fluid, P1 is the fluid pressure in the micro-through hole, V1 is the fluid velocity in the micro-through hole, w is the groove width of the micro-textured longitudinal groove and the transverse groove, h is the groove depth of the micro-textured longitudinal groove or the transverse groove, and V2 is the fluid flow rate in the micro-textured groove.

[0020] Optionally, based on the temperature field and stress field of the tool matrix cutting process, the response surface method is used to establish a relationship model between the tool surface stress and the micro-through hole and micro-texture structure parameters, and according to the critical stress when the tool matrix material is damaged, the second value range of the micro-through hole and micro-texture structure parameters is obtained, which specifically includes:

[0021] The central composite design method was used to generate test points with different combinations of micro-through-hole and micro-texture structural parameters;

[0022] For each test point determined by the central composite design method, based on the temperature field and stress field of the tool matrix cutting process, the finite element simulation software is used to simulate the actual working conditions encountered by the tool during the cutting process to output the maximum compressive stress σ on the tool surface at each test point c,max and the maximum tensile stress σ t,max ;

[0023] Based on the combination of micro-through hole and micro-texture structural parameters at each test point, as well as the corresponding maximum normal pressure and maximum tensile stress, the relationship model between tool surface stress and micro-through hole and micro-texture structural parameters was established using regression analysis method.

[0024] Under the premise that the tool surface stress is less than the critical stress, the second value range of the micro-through hole and micro-texture structural parameters is obtained by solving the relationship model.

[0025] Optionally, the micro-through holes and micro-texture structural parameters include: blade edge radius r, micro-through hole diameter d, groove width w, groove depth h, distance l between edge micro-through holes and blade edge, spacing s1 between adjacent micro-through holes, and spacing s2 between adjacent longitudinal grooves or adjacent transverse grooves;

[0026] The relationship model between the tool surface stress and the micro-through holes and micro-texture structure parameters includes a first relationship model between the tool surface compressive stress and the micro-through holes and micro-texture structure parameters, and a second relationship model between the tool surface tensile stress and the micro-through holes and micro-texture structure parameters;

[0027] The first relationship model between the tool surface compressive stress and the micro-through holes and micro-texture structural parameters is:

[0028]

[0029] The second relationship model between the tensile stress on the tool surface and the micro-through holes and micro-texture structural parameters is:

[0030]

[0031] σ c,max <σ c,cr

[0032] σ t,max <σ t,cr

[0033] Among them, r1=r, r2=d, r3=l, r4=w, r5=h, r6=s1, r7=s2, a0, a i and a ij They are the three regression coefficients of the first relationship model, c0, c i and c ij are the three regression coefficients of the second relationship model; σ c,cr is the critical compressive stress when the tool base material breaks, σ t,cr It is the critical tensile stress when the tool base material breaks.

[0034] Optionally, the method aims to maximize tool durability and uses a particle swarm algorithm to find an optimal parameter set in the final value range of micro-through hole and micro-texture structure parameters, specifically including:

[0035] The relationship model between tool durability T and micro-through-hole and micro-texture structural parameters was designed by regression analysis method.

[0036]

[0037] Among them, b0, b i and b ij are the three regression coefficients of the relationship model between tool durability T and micro-through holes and micro-texture structural parameters; r1=r, r2=d, r3=l, r4=w, r5=h, r6=s1, r7=s2, r is the radius of the blade, d is the diameter of the micro-through hole, w is the groove width, h is the groove depth, l is the distance between the edge micro-through hole and the blade, s1 is the spacing between adjacent micro-through holes, s2 is the spacing between adjacent longitudinal grooves or adjacent transverse grooves;

[0038] The relationship model between tool durability T and micro-through hole and micro-texture structural parameters is fitted by simulation test data to determine the regression coefficients b0 and b i and b ij ;

[0039] The relationship model between tool durability T and micro-through hole and micro-texture structure parameters is used as the fitness function of the particle swarm. Different parameter sets of micro-through hole and micro-texture structure parameters are used as particles. The particle swarm algorithm is used to find the optimal solution to output the optimal parameter set of micro-through hole and micro-texture structure parameters.

[0040] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0041] The surface of the tool base of the present invention is provided with micro-textures and micro-through holes. The combination of the two can realize the internal cooling and lubrication of the cutting area of ​​the cutting edge efficiently and quickly. The chip, tool and workpiece contact area can prevent the chip from blocking the micro-texture through high-pressure transportation, effectively inhibit the chip and workpiece adhesion of the tool cutting edge, greatly improve the efficiency of cooling and lubrication in real time, significantly improve the processing efficiency and quality, and reduce production costs. In addition, the present invention has a small consumption of cooling and lubricating fluid and high cooling and lubrication efficiency, which can truly realize micro-cooling and lubrication, and finally realize green, clean and efficient cutting processing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a tool with an internal cooling and lubrication structure of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of the local A in the middle;

[0044] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the shape of the micro-texture on the blade surface of the tool substrate of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 4 It is a flow chart of a design method of a tool with an internal cooling and lubrication structure according to the present invention.

[0046] Markings in the figure are: 1 is a fluid channel, 2 is a micro-through hole, 3 is a micro-texture, 4 is a chamber, and 5 is a tool substrate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0048] It should be noted that the terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc. cited in the invention are only for the convenience of description and are not used to limit the scope of the invention. The change or adjustment of their relative relationship shall also be regarded as the scope of the invention without substantial change of technical content. It should be noted that the term "including" and any variation thereof in the specification and claims of the present invention are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] like Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, a tool with an internal cooling and lubrication structure is provided, including: a tool base 5; micro-textures 3 recessed inward from the surface are arranged on the front and rear surfaces of the tool base 5; the micro-texture 3 is a grid-like shape formed by the intersection of longitudinal grooves and transverse grooves.

[0051] A chamber 4 is provided inside the tool base 5, and the chamber 4 is located at the blade portion of the tool base 5; a plurality of micro-through holes 2 are also provided on the front and rear blade surfaces of the tool base 5; the plurality of micro-through holes 2 are distributed on the micro-texture 3 and are connected to the chamber 4; one end of the fluid channel 1 is connected to the chamber 4, and the other end extends to the surface of the tool base 5, so that the high-pressure fluid enters the tool base 5, that is, the high-pressure fluid first enters the chamber 4 through the fluid channel 1, and then enters the micro-through hole 2 from the chamber 4; the size and shape of the chamber 4 are determined according to actual needs.

[0052] High-pressure cooling and lubricating fluid is a fluid that can fully exert cooling or lubricating effects. Depending on the processing material, it can be nanofluid, liquid nitrogen, liquid CO2, emulsion, water, supercritical CO2, new low-temperature liquid nitrogen mixed fluid (adding special antifreeze and lubricant), supercritical carbon dioxide and organic lubricant mixed fluid.

[0053] The ends of the micro-through holes 2 are located at the intersections of the longitudinal grooves and the transverse grooves; there are 1-3 intersections of the longitudinal grooves and the transverse grooves between two adjacent micro-through holes 2, that is, the micro-through holes 2 are connected with the longitudinal grooves and the transverse grooves, and the high-pressure fluid flowing out of the micro-through holes 2 will enter the longitudinal grooves and the transverse grooves; a plurality of micro-through holes 2 can be distributed on the micro-texture 3 in the form of an array, or they can be distributed on the micro-texture 3 non-uniformly according to the cutting force or heat distribution. For example, in the spiral groove of the drill bit, the micro-through holes 2 can be evenly distributed at a certain interval, so that the cooling lubricant is evenly distributed on the cutting edge of the drill bit along the spiral groove.

[0054] The fluid channel 1 is used to input high-pressure cooling and lubricating medium, and the fluid pressure is in the range of 1MPa to 50MPa; on the one hand, the high-pressure cooling and lubricating medium is ensured to be transported from the pipeline to the cutting edge of the micro-texture 3 and reach the cutting area, and on the other hand, the chips of the micro-texture 3 accumulated in the groove can be discharged by impact, thereby preventing the chips from sticking to the tool edge, and being more conducive to the micro-texture 3 to play a friction-reducing and anti-wear role.

[0055] Number of micro vias 2:

[0056] The number of micro-through holes 2 can be determined according to the tool size and cutting conditions. When the tool size is large, the cutting speed is high, the cutting force is large, or the cooling and lubrication requirements are high, the number of micro-through holes 2 should be appropriately increased. The number of micro-through holes 2 can be determined through experiments and simulation analysis; for example, for large milling tools, due to the large cutting area and wide distribution of cutting force, more micro-through holes 2 need to be set to ensure that the entire cutting area can be fully cooled and lubricated.

[0057] Depth of micro-via 2:

[0058] The depth of the micro-through hole 2 should take into account the internal structure of the tool and the connection with the external cooling and lubrication system. If the depth is too shallow, the internal channel may not be effectively connected, and if the depth is too deep, the processing difficulty and cost may increase. The depth of the micro-through hole 2 can usually be 2-8 mm.

[0059] Diameter of micro-through hole 2:

[0060] The diameter of the micro-through hole 2 is determined according to the flow rate of the cooling lubricant and the size of the micro-texture 3. If the diameter is too small, the liquid flow resistance will be too large, affecting the delivery of the cooling lubricant; if the diameter is too large, the structural strength of the tool may be weakened. Generally speaking, the diameter of the micro-through hole 2 can be 200-500μm.

[0061] It is worth noting that the micro-through hole 2 should be as close to the cutting edge as possible to ensure that the cooling lubricant can reach the area where cutting heat is generated and friction is large in time. In tool design, the outlet of the micro-through hole 2 can be set within a range of 0.5-2 mm from the cutting edge. For example, for some small cutting tools, the outlet of the micro-through hole 2 is designed to be 0.5-1 mm away from the cutting edge, which can enable the cooling lubricant to reach the cutting edge in the shortest time, effectively reducing the cutting temperature and friction.

[0062] The longitudinal grooves and transverse grooves of the micro texture 3 have the same groove depth and groove width, which is 50-200 μm and 100-200 μm in depth; the spacing between two adjacent longitudinal grooves and the spacing between two adjacent transverse grooves are both 100-300 μm.

[0063] In some other embodiments, the blade surface between the transverse groove and the longitudinal groove is coated with a nano coating, and the nano coating can be set in the form of a nano texture, so as to further reduce the contact area between the tool and the chip and increase the cooling and lubrication efficiency between the tool and the chip; the nano coating is a nano alumina coating; the thickness of the nano coating is 10-50nm; the nano coating further reduces the friction coefficient between the tool and the tool, and has good high temperature resistance, and can maintain stable lubrication performance in a high temperature cutting environment. The high-pressure fluid efficiently transports the cutting fluid to the micro texture 3 and the nano texture through the micro through hole 2, realizing the precise delivery and strong high-pressure penetration of the cutting fluid inside the cutting area.

[0064] Example 2

[0065] like Figure 4 As shown, a design method for a tool with an internal cooling and lubrication structure is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0066] S1: Based on the flow requirements of the micro-through hole 2 and the micro-texture 3, first value ranges of partial structural parameters of the micro-through hole 2 and the micro-texture 3 are respectively obtained.

[0067] The structural parameters of the micro-through hole 2 and the micro-texture 3 include: the diameter of the micro-through hole 2, the groove width of the longitudinal groove and the transverse groove of the micro-texture 3, and the groove depth of the longitudinal groove or the transverse groove of the micro-texture 3.

[0068] Specifically, the first value range of the structural parameters of the micro-through hole 2 and the micro-texture 3 is solved by the following formula:

[0069]

[0070] Among them, d is the diameter of the micro-through hole, υ is the kinematic viscosity of the fluid, ρ is the viscosity of the fluid, P1 is the fluid pressure in the micro-through hole, V1 is the fluid velocity in the micro-through hole, w is the groove width of the micro-textured longitudinal groove and the transverse groove, h is the groove depth of the micro-textured longitudinal groove or the transverse groove, and V2 is the fluid flow rate in the micro-textured groove.

[0071] S2: Establish a three-dimensional thermal-mechanical coupling finite element cutting simulation model of the tool substrate 5 to obtain the temperature field and stress field of the tool substrate 5 during cutting.

[0072] The method of establishing a three-dimensional thermal-mechanical coupling finite element cutting simulation model of the tool substrate 5 can refer to the existing technology. The three-dimensional thermal-mechanical coupling finite element cutting simulation model includes a three-dimensional model of the tool, a constitutive model for cutting of the workpiece material, a tool-chip friction model, a tool-worker contact model and a heat conduction model; the three-dimensional thermal-mechanical coupling finite element cutting simulation model established in this application can accurately simulate the cutting force and cutting temperature, as well as the chip morphology, and the error range of the simulation results does not exceed 15%.

[0073] S3: Based on the temperature field and stress field of the tool substrate 5 during cutting, the response surface method is used to establish a relationship model between the tool surface stress and the structural parameters of the micro-through holes 2 and the micro-texture 3. Based on the critical stress when the tool substrate 5 material is damaged, the second value range of the structural parameters of the micro-through holes 2 and the micro-texture 3 is obtained.

[0074] Specifically, S31: using the central composite design method, generating test points with different combinations of micro-through holes 2 and micro-texture 3 structural parameters.

[0075] The central composite design (CCD) method can refer to existing technologies, and the number of test points can also be determined based on expert experience.

[0076] The structural parameters of the micro-through hole 2 and the micro-texture 3 include: blade radius r, micro-through hole diameter d, groove width w, groove depth h, distance l between the edge micro-through hole and the blade, spacing s1 between adjacent micro-through holes and spacing s2 between adjacent longitudinal grooves or adjacent transverse grooves.

[0077] S32: For each test point determined by the central composite design method, based on the temperature field and stress field of the tool substrate 5 during cutting, the actual working conditions encountered by the tool during cutting are simulated by finite element simulation software to output the maximum compressive stress σ on the tool surface at each test point. c,max and the maximum tensile stress σ t,max .

[0078] Finite element simulation software such as ANSYS performs stress analysis on the tool geometry corresponding to each test point (determined by different combinations of micro-through hole 2 and micro-texture 3 structural parameters); during the simulation process, loads and boundary conditions similar to actual cutting conditions are applied to simulate the force conditions of the tool during operation, thereby obtaining the maximum compressive stress value and maximum tensile stress value on the tool surface at each test point.

[0079] S33: Based on the combination of micro-through hole 2 and micro-texture 3 structural parameters at each test point, and the corresponding maximum normal pressure and maximum tensile stress, a regression analysis method is used to establish a relationship model between tool surface stress and micro-through hole 2 and micro-texture 3 structural parameters.

[0080] S34: Under the premise that the tool surface stress is less than the critical stress, a second value range of the structural parameters of the micro-through hole 2 and the micro-texture 3 is obtained by solving the relationship model.

[0081] The relationship model between tool surface stress and micro-through hole 2 and micro-texture 3 structural parameters includes a first relationship model between tool surface compressive stress and micro-through hole 2 and micro-texture 3 structural parameters, and a second relationship model between tool surface tensile stress and micro-through hole 2 and micro-texture 3 structural parameters;

[0082] The first relationship model between the tool surface compressive stress and the structural parameters of micro-through hole 2 and micro-texture 3 is:

[0083]

[0084] The second relationship model between the tensile stress on the tool surface and the structural parameters of micro-through hole 2 and micro-texture 3 is:

[0085]

[0086] σ c,max <σ c,cr

[0087] σ t,max <σ t,cr

[0088] Among them, r1=r, r2=d, r3=l, r4=w, r5=h, r6=s1, r7=s2, a0, a i and a ij They are the three regression coefficients of the first relationship model, c0, c i and c ij are the three regression coefficients of the second relationship model; σ c,cr is the critical compressive stress when the tool base material breaks, σ t,cr It is the critical tensile stress when the tool base material breaks.

[0089] The surface stress of the tool must be less than the critical tensile stress and critical compressive stress to avoid tool breakage. The critical tensile stress and critical compressive stress data for tool breakage can be obtained by consulting literature or experiments, and the first stress theory can be used to determine whether the tool is broken.

[0090] S4: based on the first value range of the structural parameters of the micro-through hole 2 and the micro-texture 3 and the second value range of the structural parameters of the micro-through hole 2 and the micro-texture 3, the final value range of the structural parameters of the micro-through hole 2 and the micro-texture 3 is obtained.

[0091] The first value range of the structural parameters of the micro-through hole 2 and the micro-texture 3 is the initial value range, and the final value range must satisfy the second value range of the structural parameters of the micro-through hole 2 and the micro-texture 3 .

[0092] S5: With the goal of maximizing tool durability, the particle swarm algorithm is used to find the optimal parameter set in the final value range of the micro-through hole 2 and micro-texture 3 structural parameters to complete the micro-through hole 2 and micro-texture 3 structural design.

[0093] Step S5 specifically includes:

[0094] Step S51: using regression analysis method to design a relationship model between tool durability T and structural parameters of micro-through hole 2 and micro-texture 3;

[0095]

[0096] Among them, b0, b i and b ij They are the three regression coefficients of the relationship model between tool durability T and micro-through hole and micro-texture structure parameters; r1=r, r2=d, r3=l, r4=w, r5=h, r6=s1, r7=s2.

[0097] S52: Fitting the relationship model between tool durability T and structural parameters of micro-through hole 2 and micro-texture 3 through simulation test data to determine the regression coefficients b0 and b i and b ij .

[0098] S53: The relationship model between tool durability T and the structural parameters of micro-through hole 2 and micro-texture 3 is used as the fitness function of the particle swarm, and different parameter sets of the structural parameters of micro-through hole 2 and micro-texture 3 are used as particles. The particle swarm algorithm is used to find the optimal solution to output the optimal parameter set of the structural parameters of micro-through hole 2 and micro-texture 3.

[0099] For each particle's position vector X, substitute it into the tool durability model to calculate the fitness value, and perform calculation optimization to obtain the optimal parameters.

[0100] The particle's position vector X i =(x i1 ,x i2 ,…,x i7 ), where x i1 ,x i2 ,…,x i7 Corresponding to r, d, l, w, h, s1, and s2 respectively.

[0101] Example 3

[0102] A specific example of a tool with an internal cooling and lubrication structure is given. A groove cross-shaped micro-texture 3 is processed at the front and rear cutting edges of the tool. A nano-textured nano-coating is processed on the tool surface between the micro-textures 3. The size of the micro-texture 3 is a groove width of 100 microns, a depth of 150 microns, and a spacing of 200 microns between adjacent grooves. The nano-texture on the tool surface is a groove texture. An array of micro-through holes 2 with a diameter of 300 microns is arranged under the micro-texture 3. The micro-through holes 2 are distributed at the intersection of the grooves, and a micro-through hole 2 is arranged every other groove. The micro-through hole 2 is connected to the chamber 4 and the fluid channel 1. A 2MPa high-pressure cooling and lubricating fluid flows into the fluid channel 1. The high-pressure cooling and lubricating fluid is a nano-Al2O3 fluid with a particle size of 30 nanometers according to the processing material TC4 titanium alloy. During cutting, the 2MPa high-pressure cooling and lubricating fluid is transported to the 100-micron micro-through hole 2 below the micro-texture 3 through a fluid delivery pipeline, and the high-pressure cooling and lubricating fluid is transported to the cutting area by the micro-through hole 2. At this time, the chips and the workpiece close the micro-through holes 2 of the groove-type micro-texture 3 of the cutting edge of the tool, and the nanofluid is ejected through the micro-through holes 2 to form turbulence in the groove. During the cutting process, the nanofluid is ejected in the cutting area, and the nanofluid cools and lubricates the rake face and the bottom of the outflowing chips, and cools and lubricates the flank face and the workpiece.

[0103] During the cutting process, the nanofluid enters the micro-through hole 2 through the fluid channel 1 and is sprayed into the micro-texture 3. Due to the effect of the micro-texture 3 and the nano-lubricating coating, the cutting temperature is significantly reduced, the chips are discharged smoothly, and the tool wear is minimal. According to the test, compared with the traditional pouring cooling and lubrication method, the cutting temperature is reduced by 40%, the tool life is extended by 3 times, the processing efficiency is increased by 60%, and the consumption of cooling lubricant is reduced by 80%.

[0104] Example 4

[0105] A specific example of a tool with an internal cooling and lubrication structure is given. Taking cutting titanium alloy as an example, a cemented carbide tool is selected. A micro-texture 3 with a macro groove width of 100 microns and a depth of 180 microns at a 45-degree angle to the cutting direction is machined on the rake face of the tool cutting edge. The micro-through hole 2 has a diameter of 200 microns and a depth of 5 mm, and is connected to a millimeter-level chamber 4 with a diameter of 1.5 mm. The nano-coating texture uses nano-alumina with a thickness of 30 nanometers. The high-pressure cooling and lubricating fluid uses a mixed fluid of supercritical carbon dioxide and an organic ester lubricant, and the pressure is set to 20 MPa.

[0106] During the cutting process, the mixed fluid enters the micro-through hole 2 through the fluid channel 1 and is sprayed into the micro-texture 3. Due to the effect of the micro-texture 3 and the nano-lubricating coating, the cutting temperature is significantly reduced, the chips are discharged smoothly, and the tool wear is minimal. According to the test, compared with the traditional pouring lubrication method, the cutting temperature is reduced by 50%, the tool life is extended by 3.5 times, the processing efficiency is increased by 60%, and the consumption of cooling lubricant is reduced by 75%.

[0107] Example 5

[0108] A specific example of a tool with an internal cooling and lubrication structure is given. For the cutting of high-temperature alloys, a ceramic tool is used. The micro-texture 3 of the tool cutting edge has a macro-groove width of 120 microns and a depth of 220 microns, which is 30 degrees to the cutting direction. The micro-through hole 2 has a diameter of 250 microns and a depth of 6 mm, and the diameter of the millimeter-level branch infusion pipeline is 2 mm. The nano-coating texture is a nano-titanium oxide coating with a thickness of 40 nanometers. The high-pressure cooling and lubricating fluid is an emulsion with a pressure of 30 MPa.

[0109] During actual cutting, the emulsion enters the micro-texture 3 through the infusion pipe and micro-through hole 2 under high pressure, and works together with the nano-coating to effectively reduce the cutting force and cutting temperature, and improve the durability and processing quality of the tool. Compared with the traditional pouring cooling method, the cutting temperature is reduced by 45%, the tool life is extended by 3.8 times, the processing efficiency is increased by 45%, and the cooling lubricant is saved by 70%.

[0110] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0111] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions under the concept of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, some improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tool with an internal cooling and lubrication structure, characterized in that: include: A tool base (5); micro-textures (3) recessed inward from the surface are arranged on the front and rear surfaces of the tool base (5); a chamber (4) is arranged inside the tool base (5); a plurality of micro-through holes (2) are also arranged on the front and rear surfaces of the tool base (5); the plurality of micro-through holes (2) are distributed on the micro-textures (3) and communicate with the chamber (4); one end of the fluid channel (1) is communicated with the chamber (4), and the other end extends to the surface of the tool base (5) so that high-pressure fluid can enter the tool base (5).

2. The tool with internal cooling and lubrication structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The micro texture (3) is in a grid shape formed by the intersection of longitudinal grooves and transverse grooves, and the ends of the micro through holes (2) are located at the intersections of the longitudinal grooves and the transverse grooves; and 1 to 3 intersections of the longitudinal grooves and the transverse grooves are spaced between two adjacent micro through holes (2).

3. The tool with internal cooling and lubrication structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The groove depth and groove width of the longitudinal groove and the transverse groove are consistent, and the groove width is 50-200 μm, and the groove depth is 100-200 μm; the spacing between two adjacent longitudinal grooves and the spacing between two adjacent transverse grooves are both 100-300 μm.

4. The tool with internal cooling and lubrication structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The depth of the micro-through hole (2) is 2-8 mm; the diameter of the micro-through hole (2) is 200-500 μm.

5. The tool with internal cooling and lubrication structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The blade surface between the transverse groove and the longitudinal groove is coated with a nano coating; the nano coating is a nano alumina coating; the thickness of the nano coating is 10-50nm.

6. A method for designing a tool with an internal cooling and lubrication structure, characterized in that: include: Based on the flow requirements of the micro-through hole (2) and the micro-texture (3), first value ranges of partial structural parameters of the micro-through hole (2) and the micro-texture (3) are respectively obtained; Establishing a three-dimensional thermal-mechanical coupling finite element cutting simulation model of the tool substrate (5) to obtain the temperature field and stress field of the tool substrate (5) during cutting; Based on the temperature field and stress field of the cutting process of the tool substrate (5), a relationship model between the tool surface stress and the structural parameters of the micro-through hole (2) and the micro-texture (3) is established by using the response surface method, and based on the critical stress when the tool substrate (5) material is damaged, a second value range of the structural parameters of the micro-through hole (2) and the micro-texture (3) is obtained; Based on the first value range of the structural parameters of the micro-through hole (2) and the micro-texture (3) part and the second value range of the structural parameters of the micro-through hole (2) and the micro-texture (3), the final value range of the structural parameters of the micro-through hole (2) and the micro-texture (3) is obtained; With the goal of maximizing tool durability, a particle swarm algorithm is used to find the optimal parameter set in the final value range of the micro-through hole (2) and micro-texture (3) structural parameters, and complete the micro-through hole (2) and micro-texture (3) structural design.

7. The method for designing a tool with an internal cooling and lubrication structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first value range of the structural parameters of the micro-through hole (2) and the micro-texture (3) is solved by the following formula: Among them, d is the diameter of the micro-through hole, υ is the kinematic viscosity of the fluid, ρ is the viscosity of the fluid, P1 is the fluid pressure in the micro-through hole, V1 is the fluid velocity in the micro-through hole, w is the groove width of the micro-textured longitudinal groove and the transverse groove, h is the groove depth of the micro-textured longitudinal groove or the transverse groove, and V2 is the fluid flow rate in the groove of the micro-textured.

8. The method for designing a tool with an internal cooling and lubrication structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The method uses a response surface method to establish a relationship model between tool surface stress and structural parameters of micro-through holes (2) and micro-textures (3) based on the temperature field and stress field of the tool substrate (5) during cutting, and obtains a second value range of the structural parameters of the micro-through holes (2) and micro-textures (3) based on the critical stress when the tool substrate (5) material is damaged, specifically including: Using the central composite design method, test points with different combinations of micro-through holes (2) and micro-texture (3) structural parameters are generated; For each test point determined by the central composite design method, based on the temperature field and stress field of the tool substrate (5) during cutting, the actual working conditions encountered by the tool during cutting are simulated by finite element simulation software to output the maximum compressive stress σ on the tool surface at each test point. c,max and the maximum tensile stress σ t,max ; Based on the combination of micro-through hole (2) and micro-texture (3) structural parameters at each test point, as well as the corresponding maximum normal pressure and maximum tensile stress, a relationship model between tool surface stress and micro-through hole (2) and micro-texture (3) structural parameters is established using a regression analysis method; Under the premise that the tool surface stress is less than the critical stress, a second value range of the structural parameters of the micro-through hole (2) and the micro-texture (3) is obtained by solving the relationship model.

9. The method for designing a tool with an internal cooling and lubrication structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: The structural parameters of the micro-through holes (2) and micro-textures (3) include: blade edge radius r, micro-through hole diameter d, groove width w, groove depth h, distance l between edge micro-through holes and blade edge, spacing s1 between adjacent micro-through holes, and spacing s2 between adjacent longitudinal grooves or adjacent transverse grooves; The relationship model between the tool surface stress and the structural parameters of the micro-through hole (2) and the micro-texture (3) comprises a first relationship model between the tool surface compressive stress and the structural parameters of the micro-through hole (2) and the micro-texture (3), and a second relationship model between the tool surface tensile stress and the structural parameters of the micro-through hole (2) and the micro-texture (3); The first relationship model between the tool surface compressive stress and the structural parameters of the micro-through hole (2) and the micro-texture (3) is: The second relationship model between the tensile stress on the tool surface and the structural parameters of the micro-through hole (2) and the micro-texture (3) is: s c,max <s c,cr s t,max <s t,cr Among them, r1=r, r2=d, r3=l, r4=w, r5=h, r6=s1, r7=s2, a0, a i and a ij They are the three regression coefficients of the first relationship model, c0, c i and c ij are the three regression coefficients of the second relationship model; σ c,cr is the critical compressive stress when the tool base material breaks, σ t,cr It is the critical tensile stress when the tool base material breaks.

10. The method for designing a tool with an internal cooling and lubrication structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The method aims to maximize tool durability and uses a particle swarm algorithm to find an optimal parameter set in the final value range of the micro-through hole (2) and micro-texture (3) structural parameters, specifically including: The relationship model between tool durability T and micro-through-hole and micro-texture structural parameters was designed by regression analysis method. Among them, b0, b i and b ij are the three regression coefficients of the relationship model between tool durability T and micro-through holes and micro-texture structural parameters; r1=r, r2=d, r3=l, r4=w, r5=h, r6=s1, r7=s2, r is the radius of the blade, d is the diameter of the micro-through hole, w is the groove width, h is the groove depth, l is the distance between the edge micro-through hole and the blade, s1 is the spacing between adjacent micro-through holes, s2 is the spacing between adjacent longitudinal grooves or adjacent transverse grooves; The relationship model between tool durability T and micro-through hole and micro-texture structural parameters is fitted by simulation test data to determine the regression coefficients b0 and b i and b ij ; The relationship model between tool durability T and micro-through hole and micro-texture structure parameters is used as the fitness function of the particle swarm. Different parameter sets of micro-through hole and micro-texture structure parameters are used as particles. The particle swarm algorithm is used to find the optimal solution to output the optimal parameter set of micro-through hole and micro-texture structure parameters.

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